Professional Documents
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Building Technology Archi
Building Technology Archi
CONCRETE
MASONRY
METAL REINFORCEMENT
LUMBER
ROOFING MATERIALS
TILEWOK
PAINTING
ESTIMATES
QUESTION:
A. Cement
B. Aggregates
C. Soil
D. Water
CONCRETE
PRESTRESSED
REINFORCED CONCRETE
CONCRETE
MAJOR PARTS OF A BUILDING
The major parts of a building are:
1. Superstructure – the portion of the building above the ground.
2. Substructure – the habitable portion of the building found below the
ground.
3. Foundation – the structural portion of the building that transfer the
buildings load into the soil.
FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Foundation systems
are classified into two
broad categories ---
shallow foundations
and
deep foundations.
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Shallow or spread foundations are employed when
stable soil of adequate bearing capacity occurs relatively
near the ground surface.
1. Individual or
isolated footings –
are spread footings
supporting free-
standing columns and
piers.
2. Strip footings – are the continuous spread footings of
foundation walls.
Stepped footings are strip footings that change levels
to accommodate a sloping grade and maintain the
required depth at all points around a building.
STRIP FOOTINGS
STEPPED FOOTINGS
3. Combined Footings
b. Cantilevered footings. the
a. Combined footings. footings of the exterior and
supporting two or more interior columns are connected
columns. by a tie-beam or strap which is so
extended to support the exterior
column.
c. Continuous footings.
L/5 L/5
4. Mat or Raft Foundations
1. PILE FOUNDATIONS
– A system of end
bearing or friction piles, COLUMN LOAD
bearing stratum.
REINFORCED CONCRETE
PILE CAP
2. CAISSON FOUNDATIONS
Caissons are cast-in-place, plain or reinforced concrete
piers formed by boring with a large auger or excavating
by hand a shaft in the earth to a suitable bearing
stratum and filling the shaft with concrete. For this
reason they are also referred to as drilled piles or piers.
QUESTION:
A. Rotary Drill
B. Auger
C. Pile Driver
D. Pile hammer
A pile driver is a device used to drive piles
(poles) into soil to provide foundation
support for buildings or other structures.
Types
Diesel hammer
Vertical Travel Lead Systems
Hydraulic hammer
Hydraulic press-in
Vibratory pile driver/extractor
Piling rig
REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS
CONCRETE PROPORTIONS
Class “AA” 1 : 1.5 : 3 For concrete under water, retaining walls
A. Two(2)
B. Three(3)
C. Four(4)
D. Five(5)
ILLUSTRATION
SOLUTION
BARS
A flat, rectangular section
with square edges varying
in sizes.
A hot-rolled structural
steel section havung an L
shape followed by the
length of each leg and their
thickness.
ANGLE BAR
Having a rectangular C-
shape with sloped inner
flange surfaces
CHANNEL
STRUCTURAL TUBING
A rolled or extruded metal
beam having a cross
section resembling an I.
I-BEAM
WIDE FLANGE
METAL DECKING
A. Deformed Bar
B. Round Bar
C. Flat Bar
D. Angular Bar
LUMBER
Rough Lumber
rough surface
unplaned or undressed
lumber
Dressed Lumber
smooth surface
Planed lumber
S2S – SURFACED TWO (2) SIDES
S4S – SURFACED FOUR (4) SIDES
SOLUTION
Board Foot = [ ]
2” x 6” x 14 ft 5
12
SOLUTION
30 x 2.00 = P60.00
TYPES OF WOOD FRAMING
Rabbet
9. Miter Joint. 10. Dovetail Joint
joint between two pieces made by cutting a pin in
which come together at a the shape of a dovetail
corner. It is made by cutting in one piece to fit a
the two ends at angles groove similarly shaped
complementary to each in the other piece.
other, usually 45 deg. and
then butting them together.
QUESTION:
A. Scarf Joint
B. Rabbet Joint
C. Finger Joint
D. Square Splice
WOOD FLOOR FRAMING
The wood floor framing system consists of the common floor
joists, cross bridging, solid bridging, and other members
which provide support for the flooring, as follows:
Floor Joist - one of a series of parallel beams used
to support floor and ceiling loads, and supported in
turn by larger beams, girders or bearing walls.
Top Chord
Slope
Heel Pitch
Web
A. Pratt truss
B. Scissors truss
C. Hip truss
D. Belgian truss
ROOFING MATERIALS
Clay tiles
Roofing for rest house near the beach