Drug Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Responsibility

Generic Name: Ranitidine is a specific, It is to treat ulcers of  History of acute •headache - Check/ask client if he/she has
Ranitidine rapidly acting histamine the stomach and porphyria •constipation allergies.
H2-antagonist. It inhibits intestines and prevent  Hypersensitivity •diarrhea
basal and stimulated them from coming back to ranitidine or •nausea and - Check the label and dosage
secretion of gastric acid, after they have healed. components of vomiting prior to administration.
reducing both the volume, This medication is also the formulation •dizziness Interventions:
and the acid and pepsin used to treat certain •hair loss
content of the secretion. stomach and throat •Inflammation of •Injection may be given as a
(esophagus) problems liver slow.
(such as erosive •Changes in brain •Be alert for early signs of
esophagitis, function hepatotoxicity
Drug Classification:
gastroesophageal reflux •Abnormal heart •Potential toxicity results from
Histamine H2
disease-GERD, Zollinger- rate decreased clearance
Antagonists
Ellison syndrome). (elimination) and therefore
Dosage: prolonged action; greatest in the
50mg IV q8 x 3 doses older adult patients or those
with hepatic or renal
Route of dysfunction.
administration:
IV injection Teaching points:
•May experience constipation or
diarrhea, nausea and vomiting,
enlargement of breasts,
impotence or decreased libido,
and headache.

•Report sore throat, fever

unusual bruising or bleeding,
tarry stool, confusion,
hallucinations, dizziness, severe
headache and muscle or joint
pain.
 Drug Mechanism of Action
Generic Name: Omeprazole is a proton
Omeprazole pump inhibitor. It inhibits
the parietal cell H+ / K+
Brand Name: ATP pump, the final step
Losec, Prilosec of acid production. In
turn, omeprazole
suppresses gastric basal
and stimulated acid
secretion. On the other
hand, it reduces acid
secretion
in the stomach by binding
irreversibly to the enzyme
Drug class: H+,K+- ATPase. It inhibits
proton-pump the final pathway
inhibitors involved in acid secretion
and effectively inhibits
Dosage: the
40mg IV active proton pumps.
Route of
administration
Intravenous infusion
and PO
Indication Contraindication
To treat certain • Hypersensitivity to
stomach omeprazole, other
and esophagus proton pump inhibitors.
problems • Concomitant use with
(such as acid reflux, products containing
ulcers). It relieves rilpivirine.
symptoms such as
heartburn, difficulty Cautions:
swallowing, and May increase risk
persistent cough. of fractures,
gastrointestinal infections.
infections.
Adverse Effect Nursing Responsibility
>Dizziness -Nurse should use a double-
>Rash ended transfer needle and
>Headache attach to the injection
>Nausea membrane of the infusion
>Vomiting bag. Connect the other
>Constipation needle-end from the vial with
>Upper respiratory freeze-dried omeprazole.
tract Make sure all omeprazole is
>infection dissolved.
>Back pain
>Abdominal pain - Advise patient to avoid
alcohol and foods that may
cause an increase in GI
irritation.
- Instruct client to take 30-60
minutes prior to eating. And if
capsule it should be swallowed
whole.
- Nurse should advise the
client to promptly report any
sign of adverse reactions.
- Nurse should instruct client
to report pain at the IV site.
- Nurse should advise client to
report immediately when GI
discomfort, nausea, diarrhea
occurs.
- Nurse should evaluate for
therapeutic response (relief of
GI symptoms).
 Drug Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Responsibility
Generic name: Paracetamol has a central Reduce fever in viral and Hypersensitivity to Anorexia - Nurse should assess for
Paracetamol analgesic effect that is bacterial infections paracetamol. Severe hepatic Nausea clinical improvement and
mediated through Temporary relief of mild to impairment or severe active Diaphoresis, fatigue relief of pain, fever.
activation of descending moderate pain, headache, liver disease. Vomiting,
serotonergic pathways. fever. Management of Right upper quadrant - If there is fever, assess
Debate exists about its moderate to severe pain Cautions: tenderness, temperature and diaphoresis.
primary site of action, when combined with Severe renal Elevated lfts within
which may be inhibition of opioid analgesia. impairment; alcohol 48–72 hrs - Nurse should not exceed
prostaglandin (PG) dependency, hepatic after ingestion. maximum daily recommended
synthesis or through an impairment, or active dose.
Brand Name: active metabolite hepatic
Biogesic influencing cannabinoid disease; chronic - Assess allergic reactions:
receptors. malnutrition rash, urticaria; if these occur, drug
Drug class: and hypovolemia may have to be discontinued.
Analgesics and Limit dose to less than 4
antipyretics g/day - Nurse should assess for fecal
occult blood and nephritis.
Dosage:
300mg IV - Avoid giving patient aspirin or
500mg tab aspirin-like analgesics because it
inhibits platelet aggregation.
Route of
administration: - Nurse should watch for
PO, rectal, intravenous cyanosis, shortness of breath and
(IV) abdominal pain as these are signs
of toxicity.

- Do not exceed the

recommended dosage.

- Nurse should report watch for

weakness, abdominal pain,
jaundice, dark urine, itchiness, or
clay colored stools.

- Discontinue drug if
hypersensitivity reactions occur.