LESSON PLAN in ENGLISH 10

I. Objective: Critique a literary selection based on the following approaches: structuralist/formalist,

Moralist, Marxist, feminist and historical

Subtask: Critique a literary selection based on the following approach: historical

EN1OWC-III-14

KBI: History appreciation

II. Subject Matter:

A. Subject Matter: Critiquing a literary selection based on the following approach:
Historical.
B. Reference: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-leyte-gulf
https://www.coloradocountycitizen.com/article/news/chocolate-short-and-sweet-history

C. Materials: Powerpoint Presentation

D. Concept:
 Historical Approach – sees literature as both reflection and
product of the times and circumstances in which it is written. It
doesn’t mean describing everything the characters see, or giving
a complete history of where the scene occurs. It is giving
enough information to help readers understand a text better
using its history as background.
III. Procedure
A. Preliminary Activity
a. Spelling
1. history
2. critique
3. selection
4. literature
5. approach

b. Pronunciation Drill
1. history
2. critique
3. selection
4. literature
5. approach
c. Review
What is literary approach?
- Literary approach or approaches are methods, techniques, and
choices that a writer or reader used to evaluate, analyze, describe
or interpret a literary work.
What are the different literary approaches that we have discussed
previously?
- Structuralist Approach is a method of interpreting and analyzing a
literary piece that focuses on contrasting ideas and show how they
relate to the whole structure. This approach threats a text as
linguistic construct. In structuralism, a piece is open to
interpretation. It depends on how the readers view the meaning on
the text base on his/her understanding, which may involve personal
belief, environment, behavior or moral perception.

Example # 1: The nursery song Jack and Jill may be just a simple
children song about the two characters who fetch water from a hill
but using structuralism approach, the song can be interpreted in
different ways.
 We should be careful in all our action or else we can drag others
down with us.
 Jack’s crown symbolize authority. So we can apply this to
governance. If the ruler fails, it affects the people.

Example # 2: The story “God Sees the Truth but Waits”.

 In the eyes of God we are equally created.
 It the eyes of the society there are weak people and there are
strong.

- Formalist Approach is an approach that studies text as a text. It

views literature as a unique form of human knowledge that needs to
be examined on its own terms. In formalism, a literary work can be
understood only by reference to its intrinsic features, which are the
elements, namely: characters, setting, plot, point of view, theme
and symbolism.

Example # 1: The story “God Sees the Truth but Waits”, where his
wife dreamed about him having “grey hair”. His wife perceive her
dream as foreboding. The “grey hair” symbolizes or it means that
something bad is going to happen.

Example # 2: The story “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner,

uses the first person point of view. An example phrase from the
poem that shows the use of the first person point of view: “we did
not say she was crazy then.” It is as if you are included in the
scene. We, us, our, ourselves are first person (plural) pronouns and
I, me, mine, myself and myself are first person (singular) pronouns.
- Moralist Approach is a literary approach that judge literary works
according to moral rather than formal principles. Judging literary
works by their ethical teaching and by their effect on readers.

Example # 1: One of Aesop’s fables, “The Fox and the Grapes”.

“I am sure they are sour.” These are the closing lines taken from
Aesop’s The Fox and the Grapes. It is through the last statement
that the fox expresses its dislike of grapes, which it had tried again
and again to grasp. This particular story by Aesop discusses a
general habit of the people who cannot admit their defeat. Instead,
they pass on the blame to someone or something else. The same is
the case with the fox in this story, who fails after several attempts.

Example # 2: The story of “The Necklace”. When Matilde lost the

necklace that she borrowed. She spent so many years working just
to pay for the money that she used in buying in replace of the lost
necklace. After so many years of hardworking, she discovered that
the one she lost was just a fake one. The story teaches us that we
should be contented and happy with what we have.

- Marxist Approach is the approach that concerns with the analysis

of the clash of opposing social classes in society, namely; the ruling
class (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat) as it shaped
the events that transpired in the story.

Example # 1: The fairytale of “Cinderella”. The dog named Bruno

dreamed of chasing the cat named Lucifer. In Bruno’s dream
Cinderella told him not to chase Lucifer because if he insist he
might lose his place to sleep inside the house, he might be forced to
sleep outside. We can conclude that the cat has a higher class than
the dog.

Example # 2: The story of Aladdin represents his class of poverty,

and ultimately portrays wealth in a negative light. It shows the greed
and the exaggerated arrogance of the wealthy. In the end, Jasmine
and Aladdin end up together, despite the difference in social class,
making a significant statement about the ability of love to overcome
economic differences. While being a children’s movie, Aladdin
definitely challenges the obsession with wealth.
At one point there is a rich man, evident with his clothes and
white horse, who calls Aladdin a “worthless street rat” after Aladdin
gets in his way in attempt to save a child. 

- Feminist Approach is the approach that concerns with woman’s

role in society as portrayed though texts. It typically analyzes the
plight of women depicted in the story. Generally, it criticizes the
notion of woman as a construct through literature.

Example: Darna and Wonder Woman. These stories dominantly tell

the power of the women.
 d. Checking of Homework/Assignment
B. Lesson Proper
a. Motivation

b. Presentation and Discussion

 Historical Approach sees literature as both a reflection and
product of the times and circumstances in which it is written. It
doesn’t mean describing everything the character see, or giving
a complete history of where the scene occurs. It is giving
enough information to help readers understand a text better
using its history as background.
 History and literature come hand in hand because together, they
interpret human experiences and allow us to know the things
that shape our present time.
THE TOWN'S HISTORY

By virtue of Executive Order No. 324, the town of MacArthur, Leyte was officially recognized as a
municipality on June 17, 1950.

The name MacArthur can be traced back to the liberation of the Philippines by the Americans
from the hands of the Japanese forces. As an expression od gratitude, six years after Gen. Douglas
MacArthur landed at the Leyte Beach, the Leyteños through the efforts of the late Daniel Z. Romualdez, then
Congressman of the First District of Leyte, named after the town after its liberator.

The history of MacArthur covers a struggle that was both political and social. In the latter part of
the 19th century, MacArthur was a flourishing village called Bagacay, a bamboo species, because of the
abundance of the plant in the locality. Its first inhabitants were the families of Gabion, Matol, Echavez,
Moquia, Jervosi and Galo who came from the neighboring towns of Abuyog, Tolosa, Tanauan and Burauen.
Abuyog was its mother town.

The name Bagacay was the changed to Taragonna by a parish priest of Abuyog, Fr. Bernardo
Tapiol, who choose the name in honor of his native city in Spain. Sometime in 1898, Taragonna became an
independent town with Anastacio Jervoso as Captain, the chief executive. That was when the Spanish
government changed hands with the short-lived Philippine republic. Leyte was then under the governorship
of Gen. Mojica, Military Governor of Leyte. The local government, however, ended with the short-lived
Philippines Republic, thus, returned back to its former status as barrio.

With the advent of the second World War, Senator Jose Veloso procliamed Taragonna as a
municipality with Antonio Matoza as Mayor, Fabian Pantin as Vice-Mayor, Calixta Matoza as Municipal
Sectary, Alejandro Nuevas as Municipal Treasurer, and Marciano Lumbre as Chief of Police. The municiplaity
was then composed of the following barrios; Osmeña, Capudlosan, Causwgna, Pongon, Danao, Casuntingan,
Tuyo, San Isidro, Maya, Pinocawan, Batig, Kiling, Palale, Liwayway, Burabod, Gen.Luna, Calzada,Bugjo,
Manarog, Pondoc and Tin-awan.

When the American forces arrived in 1944, the municipality collapsed and returned to its being a
barrio. The people re-petitioned President Sergio Osmeña to make Taragonna as a municipality again, but it
did not materialize. In 1947, the people organized "Barrio Taragonna for Regular League". After the national
elections in 1949, Daniel Z. Romualdez sponsored House Bill 141 creating the municipality of MacArthur
with the seat of the municipal government at Taragonna. It was vetoed by thenbPresident Elpidio Quirino.
Later, a follow-up was made by Congressman Romualdez and Governor Catalina Landia. Finally, the
President issued Executive Order No. 324, which created the Municipality of MacArthur, Leyte on June 17,
1950.

Now, the Municipality of Macarthur, Leyte is composed of the following barangays; Poblacion I,
II & III, San Pedro, Pongon, Maya, Romualdez, Liwayway, Danao, Villa Imelda, Tuyo, San Isidro, Gen. Luna,
Casuntingan, Osmeña, Capudlosan, Doña Josefa, Quezon, Causwagan, Tin-awan, Palale I, Palale II, Burabod,
Salvacion, Batug, Kiling, Sna Antonio, Sta. Isabel, Lanawan, Oguisan and San Vicente.
C. Developmental Activity
a. Activity 1 CHOOSE THE RIGHT ME!
Direction: Critique the text you have just read by answering the following
questions. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. When was the town officially declared as Municipality of MacArthur?

a. June 17, 1950 c. July 17, 1950
b. June 19, 1950 d. July 17, 1950
2. Who changed the town’s name from Bagacay to Tarragona?
a. Daniel Z. Romualdez c. Fr. Bernardo Tapiol
b. Anastacio Jervoso d. Jose Veloso
3. Why was the village named as Bagacay before?
a. because of the bamboo
b. because Bagacay was abundant in the said place
c. because they use Bagacay to make furnitures
d. because they uses Bagacay for the festival
4. Why was the town named as “MacArthur”?
a. because of Gen. Douglas MacArthur for being its liberator
b. because of the arrival of Gen. MacArthur in the town
c. because people idolize Gen. Douglas MacArthur
d. because Gen. Douglas MacArthur returned to the town
5. What was the executive order that officially recognizes the town as a municipality?
a. Executive Order No. 234
b. Executive Order No. 423
c. Executive Order No. 324
d. Executive Order No. 243
b. Activity 2 MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: Read the text below carefully.
CHOCOLATE: A SHORT AND SWEET HISTORY

We normally think of chocolate as a sweet treat, but it began as a bitter

beverage! Chocolate as a food got its start in ancient times, when it wasn't just a dessert - it
played an important part it the ritual and culture.

In ancient Latin America, chocolate was worshipped - literally! Both of Mayan and
Aztec people had gods that they believed were responsible for bringing chocolate to earth.
The two cultures consumed chocolate as a drink, which was popular among nobility. It was
believed that cocoa bean had magical powers, and it was used during major life events like
births, marriages and deaths.

Chocolate wasn't mixed with sugar until Europeans came in contact with
Americans in 1500s. They brought it home to Europe, where it became an expensive import
and a symbol of wealth. Instead of chilli and corn, Europeans added cinnamon and sugar to
chocolate. But because chocolate was imported from another country, chocolate was
available only to the upper class and became a symbol of wealth and status.

In the mid-1600S, "chocolate-houses", which were like the coffee houses we have
today, where a trendy meeting place for English citizens. By the 1700s, chocolate was a part
of life for upper class citizens in Europe; believed to be a nutritious drink with many health
benefits. Back in America, chocolate was so popular that it was included in the rations for
soldiers on the battlefield in the Revolutionary War.

In the early 1800s, the Industrial Revolution was in full swing, and people quickly
found ways of speeding up the chocolate-making process. In 1828, a Dutch chemist found a
way to remove some of the natural fay from chocolate, which lead to the creation of
chocolate in food form. The first chocolate bar was made in 1847, and by 1868, a company
called Cadbury began selling chocolate candies. The same year, Nestle invented milk
chocolate.

Direction: Critique the selection that you have just read. Write TRUE
if the statement is true, and if the statement is FALSE, change the
underlined word to make the statement correct.

1. The Swiss and the Dutch were the first to consume the chocolate.
Answer: Mayan and Aztec
2. According to history, chocolate was mainly eaten by the peasants.
Answer: rich people
3. Chocolate began as a sweet beverage.
Answer: bitter
4. Chocolate was so cheap in Europe because it was imported from
another country.
Answer: expensive
5. The first chocolate bar was made in the year 1947.
Answer: 1847
c. Activity 3 ANSWER ME RIGHT!

THE LARGEST NAVAL BATTLE OF WWII

The Leyte Landing Memorial Park is a memorial at Palo, Leyte, in the
Philippines that commemorates the historic landing of General Douglas
MacArthur in the Leyte Gulf at the start of the campaign to recapture and
liberate the Philippines from Japanese occupation on 20 October 1944. This
event led to the largest naval battle of World War II and Japan's eventual
defeat and surrender after almost three years.
The U.S. campaign plan for Leyte was to secure vital territories in
order to establish airfields, supply dumps, and military facilities that would
turn the island into a staging area for operations against the Japanese.
The Battle of Leyte Gulf happened three days after MacArthur's landing and
was a decisive air and sea battle for the Allied forces as it weakened the
Japanese Combined Fleet, and halted the Japanese’s ability to move
resources from Southeast Asia to their home island. The Allied forces took the
opportunity to take over the Philippines, thus reinforcing the Allied forces’
control over the Pacific, and marking the loss of Japan’s strategic grip on
Southeast Asia.
As one of the leaders presiding over the battle, the Allied forces’
victory allowed MacArthur to fulfill his promise of returning to liberate the
Philippines from the Japanese after he had been forced to leave two years
prior. On October 20th, MacArthur’s forces landed on Leyte and after four
hours of intense fighting had secured the Red Beach sector. As a sign of
victory, General MacArthur waded ashore to the beach from his boat that had
run aground. Along with him followed a group of important colleagues,
including President-in-exile Sergio Osmena, Lieutenant-General Richard
Sutherland, Brigadier-General Carlos P. Romulo, Major-General Courtney
Whitney, Sergeant Francisco Salveron, and CBS Radio correspondent William
J. Dunn. Later that day, MacArthur announced on a radio broadcast ‘People of
the Philippines, I have returned!’
A photographer named Gaetano Faillace captured the significant
moment of MacArthur and his entourage walking to shore on film. This photo
later became one of the most iconic photographs of World War II. A
monument was erected at the center of the park that features seven bronze
statues that portrayed his landing. There are also two tablets – one in Filipino
and one in English that described the symbolism of the statue and the
reasoning for being positioned there. Since then, ceremonies would be held
every year on the 20th of October to mark the Leyte Gulf landing and the
subsequent Allied victory.

https://www.facebook.com/HISTORYasia/posts/10159017001373754
Direction: Critique the text you have just read by answering the following
questions.
1. Where did the largest naval battle of World War II occur?
Answer: Palo, Leyte
2. When did the historical event Leyte Gulf Landing happen?
 Answer: October 20, 1944
3. What is the famous line of Gen. MacArthur that he broadcasted over
the radio after winning the battle?
Answer: “People of the Philippines, I have returned!”
4. How many hours did the intense fighting last?
Answer: four (4) hours
5. How did the Filipinos honor and portrayed the landing of Gen.
Douglas MacArthur?
Answer: A monument was erected at the center of the park that
features 7 bronze statues.

d. Generalization
Historical approach sees the literature as both reflection and product of
the times and circumstances. History and literature come hand in hand
because together, they interpret human experiences and allow us to
know the things that shape our present time.

e. Application
Do you think appreciating our history is important? Why?

IV. Evaluation
Direction: From the texts that you have read earlier, answer the following questions.
Write the letter of your choice.
1. What is House Bill 141?
a. The house of Bill is number 141.
b. The bill of the house is ₱ 141.
c. House Bill 141 is the house bill sponsored by Daniel Z. Romualdez to
create MacArthur as municipality.
d. It is the executive order that makes MacArthur as a municipality.

2. As of now, MacArthur is composed of how many barangays?

a. 21 b. 33
c. 31 d. 30

3. Chocolate was brought to Europe and became a symbol of?

a. class b. rich
c. wealth d. poor
4. The company that sell chocolate candies in 1868?
a. Toblerone b. Nestle
 c. Kisses d. Cadbury
5. On what century was MacArthur called Bagacay?
a. 18th century b. 20th century
c. 19th century d. 21st century
6. Who was the senator that proclaimed Tarragona as a municipality?
a. Sen. Jose Veloso b. Sen. Manny Villar
c. Sen. Bong Go d. Sen. Manny Pacquiao
7. Who was the chief executive of the town of MacArthur in 1898?
a. Antonio Matoza b. Marciano Lumbre
c. Anastacio Jervoso d. Fortunato Barquin
8. Who is the liberator of the town of MacArthur?
a. Rodrigo Duterte b. Ronald dela Rosa
c. Sen. Pia Cayetano d. Gen. Douglas MacArthur
9. What company invented the milk chocolate?
a. Cadbury b. Nestle
c. Swiss Chocolate d. Ricoa
10. Chocolate came from what bean?
a. Mr. Bean b. cocoa bean
c. beannies d. magical beans

V. Assignment
Read the story on page 99 and answer the questions that follows.

Prepared by:

LIEZEL LUMBRE
Student Teacher

Checked by:

MRS. JOY G. TAMAYO

Cooperating Teacher