Operation and Maintenance Manual Francis Turbine

Content

1 Overview of digital governor cubicle....................................................2

2 Governor control concept......................................................................3

2.1 Abbreviations and definitions .......................................................................... 3

2.2 Block diagram Francis turbine ......................................................................... 4

2.3 Functions ............................................................................................................ 5

2.4 Description of the control functions ................................................................ 6

2.5 Parameters and index ..................................................................................... 10

3 Hardware configuration..........................................................................13

3.1 Hardware configuration .................................................................................. 13

3.2 IO signal list ..................................................................................................... 14

4 Operation of the governing system.......................................................17

4.1 Operation of the digital cubicle panel ............................................................ 17

4.2 Definitions of operation modes ...................................................................... 18

4.3 Operation of the 12’ touch panel .................................................................... 19

5 Failure behavior ......................................................................................25

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1 Overview of digital governor cubicle

General

The digital governor cubicle is located on the generator floor.

The digital governor is part of the automation system and is responsible for governing
the unit. The digital governor is linked to the complete network of the powerhouse via
Ethernet (IEC 60870-5-104 protocol) or linked to the CSCS via RS485.
The digital governor receives the commands form the higher level control system
(CSCS) and will execute these commands. As there are typical commands:
• Start/Stop Turbine
• QSD (Quick shutdown)
• Controller mode (Power-/Opening controller)
• Set points for the different controller modes

For the controlling necessary feedback-transducer-signals are:

• Wicket gate position
• Speed of the turbine
• Active power
• Net head

The opening set points, calculated by the digital governor for wicket gate, will be sent to
the servo valve driver via an analogue output module as -10 – 10 V-signal (interface to
the hydraulic system) and will be converted to a hydraulic positioning command for the
servomotors.

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2 Governor control concept

2.1 Abbreviations and definitions

Abbreviations

FCA Flow CAlculation

FOD Frequency Opening Droop
FPD Frequency Power Droop
G Generator
LOG LOGic
OPC OPening Controller
OPL OPening Limiter
OSP Opening Set Point
POC POwer Controller
PSP Power Set Point
SEL SELection Controller Setpoint
SPC SPeed Controller
SSP Speed Set Point
T Turbine
TC Turbine Controller
WG Wicket Gate
WPO Wicket Gate Positioning

Definitions

KP proportional gain
TN integral-action time
TD derivative-action time
bp permanent droop
G(s) transfer function
H head
n speed
PG active power
Q flow
YWG wicket gate opening
PG active power

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2.2 Block diagram Francis turbine

Operation mode selection Limitations Supervision

0.0 Operation mode selection 0.4 Head dependent 0.7 Supervision
Turbine operation 0.5 Power dependent 0.8 Speed measurement
0.1 Start/stop Quick shut down
LOG 0.2 Isolated network detection 0.6 Quick shut down
0. LOGIC 0.3 Over speed test
YWG 7.0
FCA H FCA Q
7. FLOW CALCULATION n
H 6.4

+ 6.0
_ PSP
6.3
PG 6.1 PI
POC t
6. POWER CONTROLLER

+ 5.0
_ OSP
5.1
OPC FOD
5. OPENING CONTROLLER

+ 4.0
_ SSP

n 4.1 4.2 4.3

PID bp
SPC
4. SPEED CONTROLLER

3.0
SEL
SEL
3. SELECTION

+ 2.0 2.1
OPL _ OPL MIN
2. OPENING LIMITER

1.0
PD

1.1
WPO PD
1. POSITIONING

i
p

MCV

YWG
WG
HYDRAULIC

T G

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2.3 Functions

0. Logic 2. Opening Limiter

Operation mode selection
2.0 Setpoint Adjuster
0.0 Operation Mode Selection
2.1 Limitation of Controller Output Wicket
Turbine operation Gate
0.1 Start/Stop
3. Selection of the Opening Setpoint
0.2 Isolated Network Detection
3.0 Selection
0.3 Overspeed Test
Limitations
4. Speed Controller
0.4 Head-dependent
4.0 Setpoint Adjuster
0.5 Power-dependent
4.1 Frequency Dead Band
Quick Shutdown
4.2 Speed Controller (parallel PID-Structure)
0.6 Quick Shutdown
4.3 Permanent Droop
Monitoring
0.7 Monitoring 5. Opening Controller
0.8 Speed Measurement 5.0 Setpoint Adjuster
5.1 Frequency-Opening-Droop

1. Positioning 6. Power controller

1.0 Positioning of Wicket Gate
6.0 Setpoint Adjuster
6.1 Input filter
6.2 Frequency-Power-Droop
6.3 Power Controller (parallel PI-Structure)

7. Flow Calculation

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2.4 Description of the control functions

General

The controller application for Dong Nai 3 hydropower plant features a parallel structure,
consisting of speed-, opening- and power control. In each case the controller signal
associated with the selected controller-mode is selected and fed to the post-switched
positioning circuit. During this time the other controllers are adjusted in such a way, that
bumpless switchover can take place at any time. The speed controller is activated
automatically during start-up, noload, synchronization or isolated operation.
Below follows the description of the levels 0 to 7 of the block diagram illustrated in
section 1.

Level 0 – Logic

The various operating modes [0.0] (speed-, opening- and power control) are checked for
plausibility according to the selection and assigned. In the event of a fault, switchover to
another, possible operating mode takes place (opening control) or the machine is shut
down.
The Start-/Stop-Logic [0.1] enables the automatic start-up (to nominal speed) and
shutdown of the machine. With the command «TC Start» – as long as a minimum value
for the opening limiter exists and no command «TC Stop» is present – the opening
limiter is set to start opening. After the machine is synchronized the opening limiter is set
to maximum.
With the command «TC Stop» the opening limiter is set identical to the current wicket
gate position and subsequently reduced back to the minimum value with the set runtime.
In the event of load rejection the setpoint adjusters are automatically reset, so that
synchronization can take place again at any time (speed setpoint = 100%,
opening limiter = start opening).
The internal isolated network detection [0.2] monitors frequency deviations from the
nominal value (50 Hz = 100%).

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If an upper or lower limit value responds (outside the speed band) the binary information
«Internal island network detection» will be output, as long as the input «External Isolated
network detection» is not present. Isolated mode remains selected, as long as „Internal
island network detection“ is not reset or the input „External Isolated network detection“ is
present. In general, in isolated operating mode switchover to speed control takes place
and the isolated network parameters (KP, TN, bp) are selected.
When in the no-load state, the machine can be operated via a control panel at
overspeed in order to test the electrical overspeed protection-tripping devices [0.3]. The
maximum current speed value is stored and displayed on the control panel.
In the event of operating in the upper load range the wicket gate is limited depending on
the head, so that the machine will not leave the acceptable operating range. In this case
the limiting function [0.4] limits the output value of the controller of the selected operating
mode.
In order to prevent an overloading of the generator, the wicket gate opening is limited
with the aid of a PI-controller in a power-dependent manner [0.5]. Then, in the opening
limitation the currently acceptable wicket gate opening is determined via a minimum
selection [2.1] and the active controller output is limited using this value.
With «Quick Shutdown» [0.6] the opening limiter is set suddenly to minimum.
The computer itself is monitored in that supply voltages and program execution are
being checked continuously (watchdog function). In addition, the status of the binary and
analogue input/output channels, the positioning circuits, the activated tasks, and their
cycle times are monitored [0.7].
For the speed measurement three analogue speed inputs are used, that are
continuously monitored [0.8]. The third input evaluates the frequency of the terminal
voltage of the generator winding. By default, the signal of this measurement is used
controller-internal, as long as it is not faulty. If it is faulty, switchover to the other
measurement takes place automatically. With a failure of all three measurements, quick
shutdown is triggered with the output of «Failure primary measurement signals».
The frequency of the grid is evaluated by a SI1010L. This signal is used for the
frequency pre adjustment of the unit. If the signal fails the speed set point is set to a
default parameter.

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Level 1 – Positioning

The positioning of the wicket-gate servomotor is carried out via a PD-controller [1.0]. The
output of the positioning circuit activates the servo valve. The positioning circuit is
monitored continuously, and in the event of a malfunction emergency shutdown is
triggered and the message «Positioning is disturbed» is output. The servomotor can be
positioned manually by means of the control panel.

Level 2 - Opening Limitation

The opening limit [2.0] can usually be set to a value between –5 and 105%. The current
value of the opening limit limits the wicket gate setpoint via a minimum selection [2.1].

Level 3 - Opening Setpoint Selection

In line with the operating mode, the calculated opening setpoint signals are switched
through from the speed, opening, or power controllers in the selection logic [3.0].
The opening setpoint of the inactive operating modes is adapted to the current wicket
gate opening so that bumpless changeover is possible at any time. At the opening and
power controllers, the setpoint is adapted to the actual value so that, as a result of the
changeover, no movement of the wicket gate is carried out.
On the contrary, during the transition to isolated operation, there is generally a
controlling difference at the input of the speed controller which the controller can
compensate only by readjusting the wicket gate so that the desired setpoint speed is
achieved.

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Level 4 - Speed Controller

Usually, the speed setpoint [4.0] can be adjusted between 90 and 110%. For the start
command and after synchronizing, the setpoint is reset to 100% automatically.
To permit optimum synchronizing for all operating points, the impact of the permanent
droop during the start is automatically compensated in the speed controller .
In interconnected operation, the frequency dead band [4.1] is effective. The dead band
limit is freely adjustable.
The speed controller [4.2] calculates the setpoint for the wicket gate servomotor position
based on the difference between frequency setpoint and actual value. It is designed as
PID-controller of a parallel structure. The permanent droop bp [4.3] determines the
influence of frequency changes on the controller output (isolated operation). The transfer
function of the speed controller, when omitting the lag element in the differential element,
is:
⎛ 1 ⎞
KP ⎜⎜1 + + TD ⋅ s ⎟⎟
G (s ) = ⎝ TN ⋅ s ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
1 + KP ⎜⎜1 + + TD ⋅ s ⎟⎟ ⋅ bp
⎝ TN ⋅ s ⎠
and with permanent droop bp ≈ 0
⎛ 1 ⎞
G(s ) = KP ⎜⎜1 + + TD ⋅ s ⎟⎟
⎝ TN ⋅ s ⎠

Level 5 - Opening Controller

Usually, the opening setpoint [5.0] can be set to values between –5 and 105%. The
Opening Controller mode can be launched only in interconnected operation.
The opening setpoint can be changed either via higher/lower commands, or an external
opening setpoint is defined.
In the event of frequency deviations from the nominal value, the contribution to
frequency back-up control is determined by means of the frequency opening droop [5.1]
and added to the opening setpoint.

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Level 6 - Power Controller

The power setpoint [6.0] can be set to values between a minimum and a maximum
value. The Power Controller mode can be selected only in interconnected operation.
The active-power signal is routed via an input filter [6.1]. The filter time constant can be
adjusted freely. In case of dropout of the signal an alarm occurs and automatically the
Opening Controller will be activated.
Based on the difference between power setpoint and actual value, the power controller
[6.3] calculates the setpoint for the wicket gate servomotor position. It is designed as PI-
controller having parallel structure. The transfer function of the power controller is:
⎛ 1 ⎞
G(s ) = KP ⋅ ⎜⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ TN ⋅ s ⎟⎠

In the event of frequency deviations from the nominal value, the output from the Speed
Controller is determined via a parametrised gain to the power setpoint.
The setpoint can be added via a head-dependent relationship (feedforward) [6.4] in
order to improve the controlling quality of the closed control loop.

Level 7 - Flow Calculation

Based on the current wicket gate position and the head/delivery head, the current actual
flow value in both turbine and pump operations is calculated [7.0].

2.5 Parameters and index

2.5.1 Adjustable parameters

The following parameters can be modified independently.
•1. Proportional gain KP for SPC
•2. Integration time TN for SPC
•3. Derivation time TD for SPC
The group of parameter for SPC is used to adjust the performance of speed controller, which is worked on
noload condition. The transfer function of the speed controller is:

⎛ 1 ⎞
G(s ) = KP ⎜⎜1 + + TD ⋅ s ⎟⎟
⎝ TN ⋅ s ⎠

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•4. Proportional gain KP for isolated net mode

•5. Integration time TN for isolated net mode
•6. Derivation time TD for isolated net mode
The group of parameter for isolated net mode is used to adjust the performance of isolated net mode,
which is worked on isolated net mode.

•7.Proportional gain KP for POC

•8. Integration time TN for POC
The parameter 7, 8 are used to adjust the performance of power controller, which is worked on power
mode, The transfer function of the power controller is:

⎛ 1 ⎞
G(s ) = KP ⋅ ⎜⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ TN ⋅ s ⎟⎠

•9. Proportional gain KP for WG positioning inner control loop

•10.Derivation time TD for WG positioning inner control loop
•11. Proportional gain KP for WG positioning outer control loop
•12.Derivation time TD for WG positioning outer control loop
The parameter 9, 10,11,12 are used to adjust the performance of WG positioning
•13. WG Pre-opening for unit start
This parameter determines the start WG opening which is the destination opening while unit start up.
The default value: 15%
•14. Low frequency limit for isolated net mode
•15. High frequency limit for isolated net mode
Parameter 14,15 indicate the range of isolated net mode detection, exceeding which, governor will
exchange to isolated net mode while synchronisation.
•16. Speed droop BP
The actions of the speed and opening/power loop of the TC1703 governor are related by a linear
relationship. The slope of the line is the speed droop BP. Default value: BP=4%
•17. Speed dead band E
The dead band device allows only that part of the speed deviation signal, which equals or exceeds the
threshold, can be chosen to pass. This dead band is only used after synchronized.
Default value: E=0.2Hz

All the above parameters are displayed on the parameter display page of touch panel and can be changed
on the parameter change page, the default value of some of these parameters will be determined during
site commissioning.

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2.5.2 Index

1. Static performances (under steady operation)

The dead band of the governor is less than 0.02 % in terms of a relative frequency variation or of
equivalent order (i.e. 0.01 Hz in absolute terms). The dead band is defined as the smallest relative
frequency variation which can still be perceived to have an appreciable effect on the actuator governing the
main control valve.
The inaccuracy of the complete servo-positioner in follow-up arrangement is less than 0.2 %.
The control system dead time Tq, defined as time interval between a specified change in speed or
command signal and first detectable movement of the servomotor, is less than 0.2 seconds.

2. Accuracy of load setting

The discrepancy between the actual load at 50 Hz and the load setting measured in voltage on the setting
device is not exceed 2% of the rated output of the generating unit.
Locally, the slope of the actual 'load/load setting' curve is within 0.9 and 1.1 times the theoretical gradient.

3. Stability
In the absence of any change in the frequency, load, input signal or head, the servomotor will not be
subject to amplitude oscillations exceeding 0.2 % of its total stroke about the steady state position which
could be caused by various factors such as cyclic fluctuations in the oil pressure of the governing system or
strays from the frequency monitor.
The magnitude of the sustained speed oscillation caused by the governor shall not exceed 0.3 % of rated
speed with the generator operating at rated speed no-load.
The magnitude of the sustained power output oscillation caused by the governor does not exceed 3 % of
the rated power output of the turbine with the generator operating under sustained load demand in parallel
with the other generators (which are themselves capable of operating in parallel with other generators) with
the speed regulation set at 2 % or above when the two generating units are operating on their own and
supplying a separate distribution network under the following conditions:
nominal net head,
nominal output,
self regulation factor of the network is assumed to be > 0.5,
the operation of the units shall be stable, and a sudden relative variation of 5% of the load shall generates
a maximum relative frequency variation of 3%.

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3 Hardware configuration

3.1 Hardware configuration

The digital governor hardware configuration is as follows:

Digital Digital
governor A governor B

CP2010

PS
56
AC220 22

P SAT 230
DC220V S
56 Touch panel
22

IO signal data
CP2012

220VAC
AC220V AC/DC
24 VDC 24V power
for IO
220VDC module
DC220V DC/DC and TP
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24 VDC
IO
Modules

CP2012：Processing and communication CPU，by which governor program is running。

CP2010：Master control CPU，which is supervising 2 CP2012 and execute exchange in case of CP2012
fault.
Unit frequency measurement and WG position measurement are redundant both in signal source and input
module, each CP2012 can get redundant frequency and WG position signal.
The 2 PS5622 is the redundant power supply for CPU section.
IO modules include:
2 pcs analog output module AO6380;
2 pcs analog input module AI6300;
2 pcs speed measuring module TE6420;
2 pcs digital output module DO6200;

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2 pcs digital input module DI6100

3.2 IO signal list

Signals for each IO module is shown as follows:

Module Channel Signal name Remarks

Digital input D00 Start
module 1: D01 Stop
DI0001 D02 Quick shutdown
(DI6100) D03 GCB
D04 Isolate net
D05 Spare
D06 Remote increase
D07 Remote decrease
D10 Condencer on
D11 Condencer off
D12 Opening controller on
D13 Power controller on
D14 Track power setpoint
D15 Spare
D16 Spare
D17 Spare
Digital input D00 Switch to manual Button on panel
module 2: D01 Switch to electric manual Button on panel
DI0002 D02 Switch to auto Button on panel
(DI6100) D03 Remote control Switch on panel
D04 Local control Switch on panel
D05 Driver fault
D06 ESD Button on panel
D07 AC power error
D10 DC power error
D11 WG opening + Button on panel
D12 WG opening - Button on panel
D13 Manual state M/A valve position
from hydraulic part
D14 Spare
D15 Spare

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D16 Spare
D17 Spare
Analog input V1 WG position signal 1
module 1: V2 DV position signal
AI0001 V3 Active power
(AI6300) V4 Spare
Analog input V1 WG position signal 2
module 2: V2 Spare
AI0002 V3 Head signal
(AI6300) V4 Spare
Speed V1 PT speed signal
measuring V2 Spare
module 1: V3 Pickup signal 1
TE0001 V4 Spare
(TE6420)
Speed V1 Grid frequency signal
measuring V2 Spare
module 2: V3 Pickup signal 2
TE0002 V4 Spare
(TE6420)
Digital output D00 Gov manual
module 1: D01 Gov electric manual
DO0001 D02 Gov auto
(DO6200) D03 Limit reach
D04 Gov error
D05 Gov fault
D06 Speed mode
D07 Opening mode
D10 Power mode
D11 Isolate net mode
D12 TU running
D13 Stop state
D14 Spare
D15 Spare
D16 Spare
D17 Spare
Digital output D00 Switch M/A valve to auto position
module 2: D01 Spare
DO0002 D02 Speed signal error

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(DO6200) D03 DC power error

D04 AC power error
D05 Spare
D06 Spare
D07 Spare
D10 Spare
D11 Spare
D12 Spare
D13 Spare
D14 Light-check relay
D15 Spare
D16 Spare
D17 Spare
Analog output V1 WG control signal
module 1: V2 Speed signal output
AO0001 V3 Opening signal output
(AO6380) V4 Spare
Analog output V1 Spare
module 2: V2 Active power meter
AO0002 V3 Speed meter
(AO6380) V4 Spare

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4 Operation of the governing system

4.1 Operation of the digital cubicle panel

On the digital governor cubicle, there are:

S0001: Speed meter
S0002: Wicket gate opening meter
S0003: Active power meter

S0001 S0002 S0003 H0001: Indicating lamp for manual mode

H0002: Indicating lamp for electric-manual mode
H0003: Indicating lamp for automation mode
H0004: Indicating lamp for governor alarm
H0005: Indicating lamp for governor ESD fault
H0001 H0003 H0005 H0007 H0006: Indicating lamp for lock on
H0007: Indicating lamp for lock off
H0002 H0004 H0006
H0008: Touch panel

S0004: Button of switch to manual mode

S0005: Button of switch to electric-manual mode
H0008 S0006: Button of switch to automation mode
S0007: Switch of local/remote select
S0008: Switch of WG rise/lower operate
S0009: Button of emergency shutdown

Operation that can be done on the panel:

S0008 S0005 S0007 Mode switchover among Manual / electric-
manual / automation by S0004, S0005 and S0006;
S0004 S0006 S0009 Open /close Wicket gate by S0008 under
manual mode and electric-manual mode;
Local /remote select by S0007;
Shutdown wicket gate quickly by S0009
Change parameters by touch panel H0008

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4.2 Definitions of operation modes

Manual mode
When the M/A valve (EV12) is switched to manual position, the governor works on manual state,
operator can open/close the WG servomotor through the manual-operated solenoid valve (EV13) directly,
which is controlled by the switch S0008 on digital cubicle panel.
Manual mode is mainly used during commissioning or in the case of digital governor fault.
It’s not recommended that governor long-term works on manual mode.

Automatic mode
For automatic mode, the M/A valve (EV12) is switched to auto position, WG opening/closing
operation is through the servo proportional valve (PV11), the control signal to the servo proportional valve
is coming from the digital governor AO module. For WG positioning loop, the WG opening setpoint is get by
PID calculation.
Normally, governor is running on automatic mode.

Electric manual mode

For electric manual mode, the M/A valve (EV12) is switched to auto position, WG opening/closing
operation is through the servo proportional valve (PV11), the control signal to the servo proportional valve
is coming from the digital governor AO module, which is exactly the same with the automatic mode. The
difference from automatic mode is the way how to get the WG opening setpoint, for electric manual mode,
the WG opening setpoint is determined by hand-operate switch.
Electric manual mode is mainly used during commissioning.

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4.3 Operation of the 12’ touch panel

Governor mainly use the touch panel which installed SAT 230 software as the human machine
interface.

Main page
This picture shows some essential governor information, such as control mode, WG
calculation value, WG feedback value, active power feedback value, unit speed, speed
setpoint value, opening setpoint value, power setpoing value, opening limit value etc.
When the remote/local select switch (S0007) is at local position, the speed setpoint, opening
setpoint, power setpoint, opening limit can be modified by the lateral +/- touch button.
On the bottom of the page is the different page switch touch button, user can switch to other
pages by these buttons.

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Parameter change page

In this picture, user can modify some governor parameters listed on the page through the
lateral +/- touch button, including PID parameter for speed mode, PID parameter for isolate net
mode, PI parameter for power mode, WG positioning parameter, WG start opening, limit range
for isolate net mode. To ensure the parameter safety, a password is asked to access this page.
Besides, noload speed step action test and power step action test can be done in this page.

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Parameter display page

If the operator needs to view the governor parameters, but have no authority to access the
parameter change page, the parameter display page is available to show some governor
parameters.

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Alarm page

This page shows the status of the IO modules, the governor input signals and the WG
positioning loop, for each item, if it’s good, the text will be gray, if it’s failure, the text will be
red. In the below page, “dropout head” is red, which means the head signal is error. So if the
governor alarm lamp (H0004) is lighted, operator can enter this page to get detailed
information to solve the alarm with clearly defined objective.

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Event list page

This page shows the status variation of some defined boolean variable with time marker,
which help operator to get full information about governor running and to do analysis of cause
when fault occur.

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Input/output check page

This page shows the status of each governor digital input/output signal and the value of each governor
analog input/output signal, it will be very useful for commissiong.

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5 Failure behavior

Following failure will be detected by digital governor. The detail error information will send to
unit control system via communication and be displayed on the governor touch panel. The
same time, hardware wiring will send out “governor failure” or “governor alarm” signal. If the
unit control system get “governor failure” signal, unit should be stopped.
1. IO Module failure
The IO module failure will be detected by the governor master control element.
Following module failure will be the governor emergency fault which should stop the unit:
One or two PE6400 failure
AO6380 1 failure
Both TE6420 failure
Both AI6300 1 failure
DO6200 1 failure
The same time “governor failure” signal will be send out.
For the other module failure only the “governor alarm” signal will be send out.
When governor send out module failure signal, the user should replace the module when the
digital governor is fully power down.
2. WG position feedback failure
The WG position feedback failure will be detected by the governor IO module.
The WG feedback is 4-20mA, if the feedback sensor is damage or the wiring is broken, the
governor IO module will send the failure signal to digital governor master control element.
There are 2 sets of WG feedback signals in our governor system, if one of them is failure,
program will choose the good one for calculation automatically and send out “governor failure”
signal, if both of them are failure, “governor alarm” signal will be send out.
3. Speed feedback failure
Pick up failure: There has two ways to detect the pick up failure in governor.
One way through the hardware(IO module), If the wiring is broken or pick up is damage, the
governor IO module will send its failure signal to master control element.
One way through the software: if the WG opening is beyond 2% and after 5 second there can’t
detect the speed by pick up, then the pick up failure will be generate by program.
PT signal failure: This failure will be detected by the program. If the WG opening is beyond 2%
and after 15 second there can’t detect the speed by PT signal, then PT signal failure will be
generate by program.

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If both pick up failure and PT signal failure are detected, governor will send “speed failure”
signal and “governor failure” signal to unit control system to shut down the unit. One pick up
failure or PT signal failure will only send “governor alarm” signal out.
4. Active power feedback failure
Active power feedback signal will be detected by the governor IO module.
Active power feedback signal 4-20mA is coming from power transducer installed in digital
governor cubicle. If the transducer is damage or wiring is broken, the governor IO module will
send the failure signal to governor master control element. Governor will send “governor alarm
“signal out.
If the active power feedback failure is detected under governor power mode, governor will
change to opening mode bumpless. And the active power failure will do nothing in controlling
when governor running in other mode.
5. Water head feedback failure
Water head feedback failure will be detected by the governor IO module.
Water head is detected by head transducer which feedback is 4-20mA. If transducer is
damage or the wiring broken, the governor IO module will send its failure signal to master
control element. Governor will send “governor alarm” signal to unit control system. Digital
governor will use the last available signal to get the active water head.
6. Governor positioning failure
This failure is detected by the governor program. If the digital governor found the difference
between WG opening and WG calculated opening is beyond 10% and last for 10s(will be
adjusted in commissioning), then this failure will be generated. It means the WG positioning is
failure, the reason maybe the proportional valve is jammed or the control signal to it is missing.
When these failures detected, governor will send “governor failure” signal to unit control
system.

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Operation and Maintenance Manual Francis Turbine

Dong Nai 3 Hydropower Plant Seite 27 von 27