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Smart Forklift to Reduce Accidents

Conference Paper · September 2019

DOI: 10.1109/ICCT46177.2019.8969024

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2019 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Communication and Computational Techniques (ICCT)
Manipal University Jaipur, Sep 28-29, 2019

Smart Forklift to Reduce Accidents

Pratiksha R. Patil1
Third Year B.Tech Student,
Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication,
MGM’s Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering
College,
Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
pratiksharaosahebpatil@gmail.com
Vaishnavi D. Rajurkar1 Aarti R. Salunke2
Third Year B.Tech Student, Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication, Telecommunication,
MGM’s Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering MGM’s Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering
College, College,
Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
vrajurkar8381@gmail.com aartisalunke@jnec.ac.in

Anton Pljonkin2
Head of project office,
Director of SFU Indian-Russian scientific center,
Southern Federal University,
Taganrog, Russia
pljonkin@mail.ru

Abstract- This paper is to design a Smart Forklift model
which reduces accident rates. Forklift is a powered industrial
truck used to lift and move material over short distance. It is
one of the most used machines employed for several types of
tasks. Forklift is used on small as well as large scale on multiple
locations. Various forklifts are available according to load
capacity. Forklifts for general load purpose have capacity from
1 to 5 tons, and that of for heavier loads it has capacity of 50
tons. It has major drawback of severe accidents because of less
safety features. To avoid these unwanted accidents, Smart
Forklift is introduced, with arduino, gyro sensor, which
decreases the rate of accidents and increases the safety of
driver as well as vehicle. This design includes a small model
which will detect problem whenever Forklift is in danger mode
and a security threat indication is sent through a buzzer and
light indication to driver.
Keywords- arduino, gyro sensor, forklift, human safety.
I. INTRODUCTION
Forklift is a small load truck used to lift and transfer
material over a short distance. It is one of the most used
machines employed for several types of work.[3] Forklift is
used on small as well as large scale on multiple locations.
Various forklifts are available according to their load
capacity. Forklifts for general load purpose have capacity
from 1 to 5 tons, and that of for heavier loads it has capacity
of 50 tons. [1] Forklifts are the trucks used for transporting
load from various locations. They are used to reduce man
work and fewer efforts are applied. Driver for every forklift
must be certified and well trained to handle and operate. In
forklift trucks due to mishandling accidents occur in large
scale. To reduce this accident small system is designed for
indicating when vehicle is in danger. This system identifies
the error and alerts driver about that particular part.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
The recital of forklift trucks starts in the INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION which took place across Europe, Japan, and
USA in the 18th and 19th century. The largest and most
remarkable change during this time was to develop
machines to the prefabricate process. [2] In 1887, a lifting
truck was created that allowed both horizontal and vertical
movement of load. The idea was not visited often for two
decades, but there’s no doubt that this was a key
enlargement in the history of the forklift. The two materials
handling vehicles wad developed in 1867 and in 1887 the
early World War ll, forklifts where entirely used for war
effects. Several years later in 1906 and 1909, the first
powered manifesto truck was created. In early 2000s,
manufacturer was more anxious about the forklift’s
environmental clash and emissions. [6] In 2001-2004 new
grade for forklifts with large spark-ignitions were
introduced. Further modern improvements includes-
1. Operator presence system- This system keeps forklifts
from moving and operating without someone seated at the
controls.
2. Improved visibility-Polished forklift designs provide
greater obvious and help prevent accident; operators now
have more visibility in front, behind, above and alongside to
their truck. [12]
3. Stability amplification- Improved safety features help
to prevent forklifts from top over.
4. Telematics-This feature refers to the wireless
transmission of data.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Currently substantiate attribute and the status of vehicle for
averting accidents are not shown by the state of art [5]. It is
also requisite to stop the vehicle when some undesired
circumstances occur. So the proposed system overcome all
these limitations by providing the indication to driver in the
form of Buzzer and Light Indicator.
OBJECTIVES
Following are the parameters considered to reduce accident
x Examine if the hand break is on or off.
x Inspect whether forks are tilted or are in a stable
position.
x Analysis if accelerator and clutch are working
simultaneously.
x Check the break and accelerator are not employed at
the same time.
x The truck will start only when seat is engrossed and
seat belt is engaged.

978-1-7281-1711-9/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 318

 III. HARDWARE INTERFACES
In hardware interfaces following components are used-
x Arduino Uno
x Gyro sensor- Gy-521 MPU6050
x Relay- 5volt DC
x Buzzer- Piezo buzzer 5volt
x Power supply- 12volt Dc
A. Arduino UNO
Arduino is an open supply digital frame running platform
allowing consumer to layout interactive digital fashions.
Arduino manifesto has end up quite leading with people just
beginning out with electronics. [7] It does not need separate
piece of hardware to load new code onto the board.[4] these
forums are provided with sets of virtual and analog
enter/output pins that may be interfaced to various
enlargement forums. inside the proposed machine Arduino
works as a processor were it has a few inputs and outputs
linked to its exceptional pins. consistent with pins it has the
connections and final results.
B. Gyro Sensor
Gyro sensors are also called as Angular rate sensors or
angular velocity detectors, are device that analysis angular
velocity.[8] This velocity is the change in rotational angle
per unit of time. It is generally represented by deg/sec.
(degrees per second). In this system gyro sensor is used to
detect the tilting of forks. Whenever tilt occurs in forks this
sensor will capture it.
F. Power Supply
Proposed system needs power supply of 12volt DC
supply which is given by the adaptor.
SOFTWARE INTERFACES
ARDUINO IDE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Accommodate text editor for composing code, message
zone content support, a toolbar with catches for normal
functions [6] It is open source gadgets program to utilize
equipment and Software effectively. Supports the dialects C
and C++ utilizing remarkable principles of code [10]
Arduino sheets can peruse inputs–light on a sensor, and
transform it into a yield to work pointer and turning on a
LED..
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In figure no. 1 we can see the block diagram of proposed
system in which Arduino plays role of processor and various
inputs and outputs are connected. Figure no. 2 shows that if,
Ignition of forklift starts only when seat belt is engaged and
if it is not engaged it will stop immediately. After seat belt,
hand break is analyzed, if it is OFF then the forklift
continues moving, if not it stops. As above conditions are
satisfied vehicle moves in proper manner. While moving if
fork tilts, the buzzer gives indication with light and forklift
turns OFF after a certain time.

C. Limit Swtich
Point of confinement switch is an electromechanical part
with an actuator precisely associated with a lot of
contacts.[11] When an article and actuator comes into
contact with one another, at that point this segment can be
utilized to represent the deciding moment an electrical
association. In this given proposed framework limit switch
fill in as an on/off condition. These assume jobs of safety
belt and hand break.
D. Buzzer
Ringer is sound showing gadget. At the point when
power is provided, mechanical gadget will invigorate and by
doing so intrude on the power source and cycle support until
the power is evacuated. Signal in this framework will show
driver about undesirable conditions for evade mishaps.
Fig. 1 Block diagram of proposed system
E. Relay
The relay is device that opens or closes the contacts to While moving if accelerator and break OR accelerator
root the operation of the other electric control. It perceives and clutch are pressed at the same time buzzer gives
the unsupportable or undesirable state with allocated area indication with light and it turns OFF .
and gives the commands to the circuit breaker to dissociate
the affected area.[9] This preserve system from destruction.
Relay in this system opens and closes the root of various
operations as accelerator, clutch and break.

319
 Break will not
start
Vehicle
OFF ×
Start
Running
90 =0 ×
mo d e
3. Tilt An gle
90 >0 , Vehicle
9
90 <0 stop s
Vehicle
Accelerato r ON 9
stop s
4. +
Running
Clutch OFF ×
mo d e
Vehicle
Accelerato r ON 9
stop s
5. +
Running
Break OFF ×
mo d e

Ignition of forklift starts only when seat belt is engaged

Fig. 2 Flow Chart of proposed system
Fig. 3 Small model of forklift (Position of forks is low)
and if it is not engaged it will stops immediately. After seat
belt, hand break is analyzed, if it is OFF then the forklift
starts, if not it stops. As above conditions are satisfied
vehicle moves in proper manner. While moving if fork tilts,
the buzzer gives indication with light and forklift turns OFF
after a certain time. While moving if accelerator and break
OR accelerator and clutch are pressed at the same time
buzzer gives indication with light and it turns OFF .This
system indicates driver for each unwanted circumstances by
buzzer and light indication as it has gyro sensor, limit
switches as an input and indicator, buzzer and relay as an
output. This system reduces high accidents rate and also save
live of driver in case of above aspects.
VI. CONCLUSION
This paper has outfitted another thought for modern vehicles
for example Forklift which is the proposed framework. This
framework would fill in as a sufficient wellspring of data at
the occasion of a mishap. This framework comprise of
sensor, hand-off and so on which is tried and found to give
wanted yield. These yields were imparted to arduino. The
significant component is that it begins the start just if
wellbeing rules are pursued, generally vehicle couldn't begin
as it is a pre mishap identification factor. Along these lines
the information got from input sources can decrease mishap
rates and demonstrates driver.
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