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FAolutions

TURBINE VATVES
BYPASS
SERVICE
SEVERE VAIVES
CONTROT
TUBES
DUMP
DESUPERHEATERS
ffiBgMA--f5
BOMAFA andproduces
develops highquality gasandwater.
valvesforsteam,
control Thevalvesareusedin
power
andnuclear
conventional chemical
stations, plants
andpetrochemical anda range applications.
ofotherindustrial

rangeof custom
Ourextensive quality
valvesis ofthehighest
manufactured andrenowned durability.
fortheirimpressive
Ourproduct
rangeconsistsof:'

01.HPBypassValve
02.LPBypassValve
03.SprayWater
Valve
Valve
04.Extraction
Combined
05.Desuoerheaters
06.Desuperheaters
StandAlone
07.PRDS System
Valve/
08.Dump Tube
09.SprayNozzle
10.Customized Valve
Control
'11.Steam Equipment
Engineering

ofmodern
withtherequirements
is madeinaccordance
Theconstruction construction
techniques
andofcurrent regulations.
statutory

Thisishowwework* Applying quality

thehighest professionalism:
withthegreatest

o Lownoisedesigned valves.
special
o Shortmaintenance
timethanks removable
toeasilv
internal
components.
o Highly
robustyeteasyto disable,
if required.
o HighPrecision.
o Highquality
ofsteam through bythe
atomisation
desuoerheater.
plantoutlay.
thattakesintoaccount
Design Short
timethanks
maintenance removable
toeasilv internal
comoonents.
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 BOMAFASpeciaiValve$olutions

View of labyinth Disc Stack

Plugof Bypassvalve

lnspection
underway

Sealcageofbypass

Bypassvalveready
for shipnent

Outletof Hp Bypassvalve

Dumptubewithspray
waterinjection

Controlvalvewithjunction
boxand accessoies

ForgedsevereseruiceHPcontrolvalve

Flownozzles
Spraywatervalves
 BOMAFA SpeciulValve$olutionc

goingon
PWHTtreatnent

Pressure
reducingcun desuperheating
station

HP bypassvalvereadyfor
shipment
in F 91material

welding
On-going on Bypass
valve

Topviewof labyrinth
discstackassemb/y

Sideviewof BypassvalveZ shape

in F 91material Forqedsevereseruice
HPcontrolvalve

On-going
weldingof
LP Bypassvalve

Dumptubeswithspraywaterinjection

/P Eypassvalvereadyfor shipnent
in F 91naterial

HPLPand Spraywatervalvesreadyfor shipment

Hugeinventoryof stock
ffiBq.MF*#
seatandplugwhenthevalveis 50:1areverycommon.
closed. Duringstart-up
theservice
During once-through
start-up,
boilersnormally require a Thesmallestflowareaofthetrim ofthisvalvearevery
conditions
minimum evaporator flowsoasto isdownstream oftheseatthereby tothefeedpump
similar
cooldown theboiler tubes, greatly
enhancing theseatlifeand valvewiththe
recirculation
alsothevalveshould maintainthe exceotionofflowrate.
There isa recirculating system
required
tightness. to transit
Thisvalvewillbegin the
which recirculates thewater from
thewater seoarator backintothe Trimpartsshouldbeeasily valve
flowfromtherecirculation
feedwater tankortothe dismantledatsite. valve
andwillopenasrecirculation
economiser/ evaporator to isthemost
Anangledesign closes.
ensure a minimum flowis oreferred. Inletpressures
canreach
ashigh
maintained. as350barorevenhigher
There arenormally twotypes dependingupontheplanttype.
ofrecirculating system: BOMAFA characterisedLabyrinth
1 . Recirculating water fromthe discstackdesign providesthe
separator backtotheeconomiser oerfect Thecharacterised
solution.
withtherecirculation pump: trimutilising design
anti-cavitation
During initialstart-up, therewillbe protectsthevalveat lowopening
a volumetric expansion duetothe andthisis imoortantsincethe
riseintemperature anda valveis pressure dropisthehighest and
required todump saturated water cancause thehighest amountof
fromtheevaporator toa flashtank. damage.
These valves areinoperation at Asthepressure inthedrumrises
highflowandlarge differential thevalvetravelalsoincreases
pressures fora short time.In thereby
decreasing the
addition,thevalves arealsoused requirementofanti-cavitation
duringboilerfillingandairpurging, protection.
Thedesign issuchthat
which normally requires higher process
fromanti-cavitation to the
flowatlowdifferential pressure, normaladditionalflowrequirement,
2. Recirculating water fromthe isa smooth
thetransition one.
separator back tothe feedwater Thefeedwater flowis controlled is recommended.
Tightshut-off
tank:lnthissystem, thestart-up speedfeed
eitherbya variable Highpressures willbeseenatthe
valveisoperating continuously at pumpora largecapacity control pressure
valveinletwithminimum
largedifferentialpressures when valve. onthevalveoutlet.lf anyleakage
theboiler loadislessthan30%. At Theboiler pumps arenormally occurs,thevalvetrimwillbe
theinletit issaturated waterwhich operatingata constantspeedand completelywashed outina very
immediately saturates toflashas thereforeconstantoutletpressures shortperiodoftimeleading toa
sobnasthe pressure isreduced. aremaintained. valvefor
A control highlevelalarminthesteam drum
Thus, theoutlet condition isa regulatingthefeedwaterthe
to whichcouldleadtodumping the
mixture ofwater andsteam with boileracceptswaterfromthe treatedfeedwater to thewaste
veryhighvelocities. pumpoutletandregulates the watersystem andletaloneeffect
Typicalrequirements ofa Boiler outletflowwhichis basedonthe of thevalve.
thecontrollability
start-upvalve are: boiler
demand. Theapplication
orserviceofthis
Tohandle impurities thatwould hasto address
Thisvalvetherefore toa de-aerator
valveissimilar
come into the valve during duringinitialoperation
cavitation valve;however
levelcontrol this
start-up.Properly designed seat andalsoprovide highrangeability valvehasextremely high
andtrimsoastoprevent the fortheentirefeedwater 0ressures.
particles being trapped between reouirement.Turndown morethan
 ffiBgMA,l,
rangeof theplant
complete thattimeboilerfeedpump
requirement
ina singlevalve recirculation
valvewillclose.This
Water istaken fromthede- also. typeof on-offvalveis less
aerator totheboiler feedpump 1. Themodulating typeof boiler efficient
thanthemodulating one
andit israised toextremely high feedpump recirculationvalveis because someenergy iswasted
pressure (mostly over200ba(g). themostefficient method of sincefeedwater is recirculated
at
During start-upandlowloadthe recirculating.
Normally foreach quitehighplantloads.
pumping loadissmall whilethe boiler
feedpump, the 3. Continuous
recirculation
method
pumping outletpressure isvery manufacturergivesthepump wouldprobably befoundinold
high,Thisisa typical application curveonwhichNPSH(Net powerplant.Thistypeof method
where thereisa requirement Positive
Suction Head)is recirculates
a certain amount of
forprevention ofcavitation as furnished.Foreachpowerplant feedwaterinespective of plant
alsotheflowcapacity isverylow. thereisa certain NPSH available load,feedwater pressure or
Once theplant loadincreases, asa functionof theactualplant feedwatertemoerature. Since
theboiler drumpressure Toprevent
layout. cavitationfrom normallymostfeedpumps require
increases andaccordingly the occuning inthepump, theNPSH onlyrecirculationat lowload
flowratealsoincreases. available
should beabove the conditions,
thismethod isthe
Itisnotpossible forthepump to NPSHrequired. Therefore, boiler mostinefficient
asexcess
maintain same highpressure at feedpump recirculationvalveis recirculation
is nothing butlossof
higher flowsandasa result we designed soasto provide the energy.Besides sincea certain
notonlyhavelowinletpressure minimum amount offeedwater to amount offeedwater is always
butalsohighbackpressure on thefeedpump to ensure that beingrecirculated,thefeedpump
thevalve. NPSHavailable isaboveNPSH willonlyobtainitsmaximum
required. ratedoutputcapacity.
Thisspecific requirement callsfor
a specialised valve witha 2. Anothermethod is anon-off Typical
requirements
of a Boiler
characterised trimcoupled with method of recirculation
valve.For FeedPumpValveare:
adequate number ofpressure thismethod, a recirculation
valve Tohandle
massivepressure
drop
reducing stages. a few providesa constant amount of across
thevalve
Quite
plantshavetwovalvesinparallel feedwaterflowto thefeedpump Trimshouldbedesigned
to avoid
- oneduring start-up while the uptoa specificplantloadandat erosion
duetoflashing
services
otherwillbeoperated atmain conditions.
load. Trimshouldbedesigned
to avoid
Thestart-up valve would bea cavitation.
specialised valve forcatering to Trimshouldbedesignedto avoid
lowflowapplication combating mechanicalvibration
andnoise.
flashing andcavitation whereas Trimshould
bedesigned for
themainvalve would havea maintaining
tightshut-off.
relativelysimpler trimdesign as Trimshouldbedesigned to give
thedifferentialpressure across it lowresistant
at highload.
issignifi
cantly reduced.
Trimshould
bedesigned
forhigh
BOMAFA canprovide Labyrinth rangeability.
discstack technology fora very
is probably
Thisservice themost
speciflctailolmade characterised severe application
fora control
trimwhich cancover the valvein powerplant,
 BOMAFA

valveis
stagetherecirculation Typical ofa
requirements
opened andpumps inthe condensatepumprecirculation
through
flowrequired
additional valveare:
A condenserisoneofthemost thepump. bedesigned
Trimshould to avoid
importantequipmentina power duetoflashing
erosion services
ltsjobisto provide
plant. a high o Sincetherecirculation lineputs conditions.
vacuum environmentwhereinthe thewaterintothecondenser bedesigned
Trimshould to avoid
exhaust
turbine steamcanbe whichisoperating under cavitation.
condensed. vacuum, a conventionalvalve if bedesigned
Trimshould to avoid
usedis bound tofailimmediately vibration
mechanical andnoise.
attheexhaust
It is located of the astherewouldbeextensive bedesigned
Trimshould togive
loworessure andis
turbine (thisis because
cavitation the at highload.
lowresistant
typically under
installed turbine. pressure
outlet ofthevalveis bedesigned
Trimshould forhigh
Innewturbine it can
designs, higherthanthecondenser rangeability.
alsobelocated atthebackend vacuum because of pipefriction,
oftheturbine. bends, elevationandsparger
backpressure). Thevalveshould
Condensor isalsoresponsible havetightshut-off pressure.
foi providing pointfor
a collection
condensate sothatit canbe
returnedbackto thesteam
generator.

to adjust
It actsasa reservoir to
the load in
fluctuationtheunit
whileprovidingthesuctionhead
forthecondensate pumps.

Thehotwell isdesignedand
sizedto provide
fullcondensate
loadfora periodoftime,whichis
2-3minutes.
typically

ln orderto protect
the
condensate pumpfrom
overheating andcavitationit
musthavea minimum
flowpassing throughit atall
times.Inviewofthisa
condensate pumprecirculation
valveisinstalledwhichpumps
thewaterfromthepumpoutlet
linebacktothecondenser.

During load
lowboiler
theflowof
reouirements,
condensatepassingthroughthe
pumpislessthantheminimum
fornorma
flowreouired
ofthepump.
operation Atthis
 oBq/ilat#
syslem. thepressurewhichwouldblow
thesafetyvalveinstalled
inthe
Theaimof a de-aerator level line.
controlvalveis to maintain a Typical
requirements of
ore-determined levelin thede- De-aerator
controlValveare:
aerator. Trimshouldbedesigned toavoid Thevalveis normally closed for
duetoflashing
erosion service mostofthetimeandwillnotbe
Theoperating
conditionsofthis conditions. subjected to elevated
valvechange with
directly temperature, however when
Trimshouldbedesigned toavoid
respect
to changeintheplant opened, thetrimrapidly heatsup
cavitation.
loadconditions. muchfasterthanthebody.
Trimshouldbedesigned to avoid
mechanicalvibrationandnoise. Another important aspect to be
Duringinitial
start-up,
the considered is thatthevalve
Trimshouldbedesigned to give
condensate pumps areoperating should havetightshut-off sinceit
lowresistant
at highload.
athighpressure and minimum isgoing to remain closed for
Trimshouldbedesigned to have
loadwithminimum downstream mostofthetimeandanyleakage
highrangeability,
pressuresincethede-aerator willultimately leadto increase in
pressurehasnotyetbeenbuilt. theheader oressure andthe
Thisleads to nearly
a full safetyvalvebeingblown.
pressuredropto betaken
acrossthevalve.Assuchwith BOMAFA sootblower header
thiscase,thereisnoneedfor a Mostsootblowing systems control
valvesaredesigned to
cavitation,
Preventionandflow utilise
either
airorsteam.Useof meetthedemanding conditions.
capacity
isalsotoa minimum. waterislimited
duetothe Forthisapplication,
thetrimis
possibility
ofther:mal
stress
and characterised
andhasa multi-
However, astheplantoperating thermalshockonthetubebanks. stage,multi-path
Labyrinthdisc
loadincreases, therequirement stacksoasto dramatically
forhigher flowalsoincreases Airsystems havesimple piping reducevelocities
andat the
andthecondensate pumpwill arrangements;however the sametimeofferextremely high
notbeableto maintain thesame number of compressors,its rangeabilities.
pressure at highloads.
Thiswill capacities
andthesootblower
resultinlowerinletpressure
to flowrequirement
limitstheuseof Thetrimis characterisedfor
thevalveandthelineoressure of thissystem.Steamontheother specific
applicationsano
thede-aerator buildsupandputs handhasanadvantage interms normallytheflowis keptoverthe
backpressure onthe valve. of expansion. plugsoasto savetheseatfrom
trashdamage. Thevalveis
Thismeans thatforhigher flow It isquiteobvious
thata precise coupledwithdouble acting
withlower pressure dropwill and good modulating
valveis pistonactuator
cylinder that
needa higher capacity valvebut needed pressure
formodulating wouldofferexcellenttightshut-
withminimum resistance tothe inthesootblower header. offrequirements.
trim.These varying conditions
demand a valvethatpossesses Thevalveshouldhavea trim It isalsoimoortantthatthe
a largeturndown.Tight shutoffis whichhasanexceptional velocity is controlled
soasto
recommended andthisorotects rangeability
sincethereis a large achieve thebestsootblowing
thevalvefromthedamage when amountof loadvariation
during effectandatthesametime
thevalveisclosed andthe thesootblowercycle. control thetemperature soasto
condensate pumps arerunning. reduce theerosion effecton
Anyleakage inthisvalvewill Inaddition
tothisthevalve account ofwetsteam.
change thede-aerator water shouldactquicklyandopenand
levelresultingintreated water closesoasto avoidincrease
in
beingdumped to a wastewater
6i Borvra"f,a
reheat
spraywatervalveis amountofpressure dropacross
installed
inthecoldreheatpiping thevalveistobetaken careof.
Toincrease thethermal betweentheoutletoftheHP trimis
Notonlyanti-cavitation
efficiencyofa steamgenerator andthereheat
turbine inlet buttheflowrate
reouired
andalsotheoverall heatrateof header. requirementisalsoverylow
a unit,a reheater
isincorporated thespray
since water is
intothepower cycle. A feedback controlsystemtied generally
requiredatreduced
backwiththespraywatervalve andtransient
loads conditions.
Itinvolves steam thatis is usedto controlthe
extracted froma turbineoriorto temperature of thehotsteam. Toaddtothis,a tightshut-off
is
complete expansion.Inmost theneedforthevalvetoprotect
plants,
it involves removal
ofthe Thereheat attemperatormostly againstwatercarryoverintothe
exhaust steam fromtheHP useswaterfromthemainboiler turbinemakingthisvalveoneof
turbine
which issenttothe feedwater lineandinsomecase theverycriticalcomponentinthe
reheater andtheninjected into thespraywatermaybediverted power plant.
thelPturbine orLPturbine to fromaninterstage bleedinthe
expand completely before boilerfeedpump. Sincethespray Asregards spray
reheater
enteringintothecondenser. waterisfromthemainfeedwater valveisconcerned,
control the
line,whilethereheatata pressure
dropacrossthevalve
Adouble reheat isalsopossible muchlowerpressure, a large
butismorecommon in
supercritical
once-through units.
Thisprocess reheats the
exhaustfromthelPturbine prior
toenteringintotheLPturbine.
Aswithmain process, thiswill
improvethermal efficiencybut
theadditionalreheatstage will
provide
lesser gainsonthe
efficiency
overall whilestill
impactingthecapitalexpenses.

Aswould bethecasewithany
superheated steam cycle, the
temperature ofthesuperheat
neestobemaintained soasthe
temperature doesnotexceed
thepermissible materiallimitto
thesteam turbine.Temperature
controlisachieved byinjecting a
finesprayofwaterinthesteam
linethrough anattemperator ora
desuperheater.
Thedesuperheater utilisesthe
waterfroma spraircontrol valve
andsprays thewater inthe
steam thuslowering and
maintaining thesteam
temperature, however italso
reduces thermal efficiency asit
takes heat away from the steam,

plants,
Inmostofthecoal-fired
 "''.,
BOMAFA

isveryhighandadvance
trimwithadeouate
characterised Spray
ControlValve:
pressure
multi-stage dropis
reouired.

BOMAFA recommends forboth

(reheater
theapplications and
superheatercontrol)
its
characterisedLabyrinthdisc
stacktrimsoasto reduce
velocities
andalsocaterto high
rangeability
applications.

Theflowdirectionisoverthe
plugsoastosavetheseatfrom
trashdamage. Thevalveiscoupled
withdoubleactingcylinderpiston
actuator
thatwouldofferexcellent
tightshufoffrequirements.

Duetovarying loadrequirements in knownaspnmary and Thedesuperheater utilises

water
a power plant,
varyingsteam secondary superheaters. They froma seoarate controlvalve
and
temoeratures areinevitable.
Ina mainlyconstitutetwo separate injects waterinthesteam
drumstyleandonce-through banksof boilertubesusedto thereby lowering
thesteam
design,thisiscaused bythings heatthesteam tothedesired temperature. Atthesametime,it
suchasburner orientation
and fuel temoerature.Once thesteam alsoreduces thermalefficiency
toairratios.lncombined cycle passesthrough thesesectionsit as it takesawayheatfromthe
plants,varyinggasturbineexhaust thenproceeds tothehigh steam. Thesuoerheater outlet
temoerature andintheinclusion of oressureturbine. temoerature viaa feedback
ductfiringcanaffectsteam o Optimum control loopcontrols
thespray
efficiencyand
temperatures. protection waterquantity.
oftheturbine are
Inorderto ensure thebestoperating related
directly to the o pressure
Forthisapplication,
heatrateandalsoorotect thesteam temoeratureof the steam which dropacross thevalveis lowand
turbine.thesteam temoeraturein mustbeproperly controlled. manya timesconventional
thesuoerheater and reheater Temperature controlis usually valvesareemployed, however
senses alltheboilerneedsto be achievedbyproviding an therangeability
requirementis
controlled. attemperatorora desuperheater quitelargeandconventional
whichistypicallylocated valvesdohavehistory offailures
Thesuoerheater section
oftheboiler between primary andsecondary likewiredrawingandseat
typicallyincludeswhatiscommonly desuoerheater, leakage.
Capacityand capability
Particulars Inlet Outlet
Nominalwidth DN25to 25011"- 10' DN25 to 25011"- 10"
NominalDressure P N 1 6 t o 6 3 0 / A S M E1 5 0t o 4 5 0 0 # P N 1 6 t o 6 3 0 / A S M E1 5 0t o 4 5 0 0 #
Material 1.0460/4
105.1.5415t4182
F11,1.7380/A
182F22
EndConnection Butt-weldand Flanqed
Characteristic
Curve Linear/EqualPercentaqe/Modified/Characterised
Seat As oer FCl 70-2Class-V
Trim Labvrinthdiscstack/Perforated
Caqe
Ranoeabilitv 1 : 1 011: 2 511: 4 011: 5 0
Actuator Pneumatic/Hvdraulic/
Electric
Time
O o e n i n oC/ l o s i n q Lessthan 1 sec
*For higher & smaller sizesconsult
factory
*For higher rangeability consult
factory
ffiBgMAtH
o Tomanage twoshiftoperation.
Duringstart-up,
shut-down and o Toavoidsteamlosstothe
loaddisturbancesinpower plant, atmosphereandreduce the
theboilerandsteam turbine tothe
noiseduringstart-up
needstobeisolated fromeach ambientconditionsoftheplant.
Thisisrequired
other. soasto
notonlyprotecttheturbinefrom
anywater but
carryover also Therearetwobasicdifferent
plant
additional equipment from applications:
large
thermal transients,
1 . Bypass whichare
systems
Byisolatingtheboilerand permanently in
orfrequently
itisalsopossible
turbine, to operation.
reducefuelconsumption during Bypass whichare
systems
andshut-down.
start-up Inthe inoperation.
seldom
eventofa loadrejection,
reloadingtimescanalsobe
improved fortheturbinebypass Quickresponse forsteam
system. (< 1 sec.)
bypassing
Theturbine bypass system is o Safeandquickdesuperheating
designed toaccommodate the o Highcontrollability
quickest timeby
start-up
oonhollingbothboilerpressure o Safefunction
# temperature, Bypassing the O Longlifetime
deamaround theturbineallows
thesteamto maintain thedesired o Lownoiseemission
qualities
beforebeing routed O Maintenanceeffective for
design
throughtheturbine, shortshutdowntimes
Incasetheturbine bypass function
Safety byspring
systemisnotused,thefiringrate (mechanical)
oftheboilerwouldhavetobe
bypressure
Sparestrokes
reducedwhich leadtotube
may
to
theboiler accumulators
andallows
failures
befiredatfull
capacitywithout Tightshut-off
developinglargethermal
gradients
inthethick walled
components of the drum,
boiler
BOMAFA's longhistoryof almost
separatorsorflashtanks.
hasresulted
a century in
developmentof advanced
actuation
technology systems,
whichareoneofthemost
Forsafeoperation of boilerwith reliable
availableintheindustry
theturbine to quickly
shut-off today.
bringtheunitintooperation after
a shorttrip(perform
warmand PneumaticandHydraulic
hotstart-up). systemshavebeenextensively
Toperform rapidandcost- allovertheglobe.
installed
start-up
effective whichwould
includecoldstart,warmstartand Quickresponsetimeof lessthan
hotstartwhichwouldimprove 1 seccanalsobeachieved with
thelifeofcritical
components in
boilerandturbine.
 ffiBq.M.s
pneumatic systems andthe passes thepressure
through
of a particular
selection actuator reduction
steos.
is moreoftenthannota function o Accurate
controllability.
ofthevalvedesigned forthat o Mosteconomicdesuperheating.
particular
applicationaswellas o Quickevaporation
andshort
customer'soreference. distance
requireddownstream
of
thevalve.
ofthepiping
Protection from
waterdroolets.
BOMAFA hasa widerangeof
trimdesigns
characterised that
largepressure
handle drops
thevalve.
across Desuperheatingisbeingdone
afterthepressurereduction.
OnonehandBOMAFA hastrim Internals
ofthevalvesarenot
designs whichconsists
of susceptible
towater droplets
spindleandholebushes which touchingthem.
forcesthesteamto change
andflowthrough
direction
variousholes.Betweensingle
stages,thereexistchambers, Desuperheating isbeing done
whichallowfortheexpansion of afterthepressure reduction.
steam.
Theultimate design interms of
efficiency.
Ontheotherhand,BOMAFA has
Labyrinth disc
state-of-the-art Highpressure motive steam
stackdesignsuchthatit leads toextremely high
providesoptimumtortuousflow velocitiesatthepoint ofwater
path.Eachdiscisdesigned so injection
which shears offthe
asto havea veryspecific water droplets instantaneously.
predetermined
valueof trimexit O Short distance forevaporation.
velocity
whichwouldreduce
o Bestdesign foraccurate
erosion, vibration
cavitation, and
temoerature control.
noise.
Internalsofthevalves arenot
susceptible towater droplets
touching them.
o BOMAFA hasa widerangeof Desuperheating close to
forinjection
options ofwater. saturation ispossible.
Thiswouldvaryasfollows: Thedesign isunique such that
theatomising steam is
calculated toshear offthe
injectedwater formaximum
Optimum forconditions
with condition,Theatomising steam
limited
working. quantityisconstant atall
fluctuatingload.Intheevent of
Highest
steamvelocity
at reduction inthesteam load,this
optimum
mixing. atomising steam quantity
remains constant. Thisresults in
mixedowing
Wateris completely improved atomisation atlower
asthewater
to highturbulence
ffiBgMA.;#
loadssincethesameamount of
atomising steam willbeshearing It is a quiteobviousfactthatanY
offlesserquantity of injected leakage acrosstheturbine
water.AssuchthisistheonlY bypass valvemeans lossin
design wheretheperformance of oroduction andi.e.lossof
theunitimproves at lowerloads revenue.
ascompared to higher load.This
isunique andisthe Funds spentongeneration of
characteristic
steam goesdownthedrain.
opposite of most other tYPe of
desuoeheaters. Steam thatleaksthroughthe
valveis notfedintheturbine
o Inaddition, themixture that
whchresults of
innon-generation
comesoutof theatomising andalsonorevenues
electricity
nozzleis furthercovered bya
fortheplant.
complete steam shield which
ensures thatthewaterdroPlets Steamleaking across thevalve
donottouchthehotboundary reduces theefficiencyofthe
wallsandtherefore eliminates condensor sincethecondensor
requirement of exPensive willnotbeableto maintain the
Thermal Sleeve/ Linerinthe vacuum andwillalsoraise the
downstream piping, condensor temperature.
Theleakage wouldveryquickly
damage anderode theseat
Intoday'sindustrialscenario,
whichwouldonlygoon
eliminationofnoise isvery
increasingovera period oftime
BOMAFA
iinportant, trimdesigns
andwillneedmandatory
ensure thatvelocityof thefluidis
maintenance downtime.
which
controlled leads to
removal ofnoise, vibration and Thesoecial BOMAFA seat
erosion. design ensuresthattightshut-off
is maintainedrightfromthestart
Toensure theoptimum tilltheveryend,
performance, BOMAFA can
provide holebush design ordisc
stack configurationwhich are
tailormade tosuitthe
requirements ofeachaPPlication
forthecustomer.
 ffi Bq.*+.4
..VARABLE
OPTIONS
AVAILABLE''
Bolted/pressure Balance plug
as
sealbonnets design.
Lightweight
perrequirment. Easyto maintain
andreduces actuator
forces.

Tightshutoff
asperMSS-SP-61/
FCI-70-2
withflowto 10 20 30 40 50 60

closedesign.

trim
Easytomaintain
Nowelding
design. or
grinding
andtrimcan 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
quickly.
bereplaced

Labyrinthdiskstack
limitsvelocity,
vibration,
Steamatomizingnozzle erosionandnoise.
ensuresrapidand
completeevaporation' Single
source
ofwaterdroplets. ofwaterinjection.

A steamenvelope is
formedthatreduces
wearanddamage to
20 30 40 50 60
pipes.
Assistsin rapid
ofwater
atomization
for
Sleeve
droplets.
Thermalstress
protection.
Gapacity
andcapability
Particulars lnlet Outlet
Nominal
width DN50to 450/2"- 18' DN80to 1400/3"- 56"
'150
Nominal oressure PN16to 630/ASME150to 4500# PN16to 530/ASME to4500#
lvlalerial 1 0460/A105.1.5415t4182F11.1.7380/A
182F22.1.4903t4182F91
EndConnection andFlanqed
Butt-weld
Characteristic Curve Linear/ EoualPercentaoe/Modified/
Characterised
Seat AsoerFCI70-2Class-V
Trim Labvrinth
discstacldPerforated
Caoe/Additional & Plates
Cvlinders
Ranoeabilitv t10l11251
1:40/1:50/1:100
Actuator Pneumatic/Hvdraulic/
Electric 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Ooenino/ Time Less
Closino than1sec % Strcke
*For higher & smaller sizes consultfactory
*For higher rang edbility consult ctory
fa
 BOMAFA Va*veSolutions
SPeeia*

During start-up, shut-down and

load disturbances in power Plant,
theboiler andsteam turbine
needs tobeisolated fromeach
other. Thisisrequired soasto
notonly protect the turbine from
anywater carryover butalso
additional plant equipment from
large thermal transients.
Byisolating theboiler and
turbine, itisalso possible to
reduce fuelconsumption during
start-up andshut-down. Inthe
event of a load rejection,
reloading times canalsobe
improved fortheturbine bypass
system.
Theturbine bypass system is
designed toaccommodate the
quickest startluP timebY
controlling bothboiler pressure
andtemperature. Bypassing the
steam around theturbine allows
thesteamtomaintain thedesired
qualitiesbefore bqing routed
through theturbine,
Incasetheturbine bypass
system isnotused, thefiring rate reducethesizeofthecondenser
oftheboiler would havetobe andprevent thermal fatiguedue Forsafeooeration ofboilerwith
reduced which mayleadtotube tohightemperatures, theturbine toquickly
shut-off
failuresandallows theboiler to
Oneofthemain boncerns is the bringthe unitintooperationafter
befiredatfullcapacity without
noisegenerated whenthe a shorttrip(performwarm and
developing large thermal
pressureisletdown fromlow hotstart-up).
gradients inthethickwalled
oftheboiler drum, pressuretothecondenser, Toperform rapidandcosf
components
orflashtanks. whichisundervacuum andit can start-up
effective which woitld
mparators
leadtovibrationthatcandamage includecoldstart,warmstartand
lnconventional unitsand thedownstream equipment.
plant, hotstartwhichwouldimprove the
combined cyclepower
Anotherconcern isthe components
lifeofcritical in
without hotreheat thelow
pressure temperature, which canvary boilerandturbine.
bypass valveshould
beabletopasstheentire mass between 400-600'C andhasto o Tomanage twoshiftoperation.
flowin the case of an upset bedropped down toalmost
saturatedconditionatthevalve o Toavoid steam losstothe
condition, atmosphere and reduce the
soastofacilitate
outlet heat
Alsothetemperature ofthe inthecondenser
transfer aswell noise duringstart-uptothe
steam should bereduced to astoprotect thecondenser from ambient conditions oftheplant.
almost saturated condition to thermalfatigue.
 ffi B9/vlA.f

o Therearetwobasic
different
applications:
1.Bypasssystems
whichare
permanently
orfrequently
in
operation.
2.Bypasssystems
whichare
seldominoperation.

Quickresoonse forsteam
(< 1 sec.)
bypassing
o Safeandquickdesuperheating
o Highcontrollability
O Safefunction
o Longlifetime
o Lownoiseemission
o Maintenanceeffective
design
for
shortshutdowntimes
function
Safety byspring
(mechanical)
bypressure
Sparestrokes
accumulators
Tightshut-off function
ofthevalvedesigned
for Labyrinthstate-of-the-art
disc
particular
that application
aswell stackdesignsuchthatit provides
ascustomer'spreference. optimum flowpath,
tortuous
Each discisdesignedsoasto
BOMAFA's longhistory
of almost havea veryspeciflc
a century
hasresulted
in predeterminedvalueoftrimexit
developmentofadvanced BOMAFA hasa widerangeof velocity
whichwould reduce
technology
actuation
systems, characterised
trimdesigns
that erosion,
cavitation,
vibrationand
whichareoneof themost largepressure
handle drops noise.
reliable
available
intheindustry thevalve.
across
today.
OnonehandBOMAFA hastrim
PneumaticandHydraulic designswhichconsistsofspindle o BOMAFA hasa widerangeof
systemshavebeenextensively andholebushes whichforces forinjection
options ofwater.
allovertheglobe.
installed thesteamto change direction Thiswould
varyasfollows:
andflowthrough various
holes.
Quickresoonse timeof lessthan Between singlestages,
there
1 seccanalsobeachieved with existchambers,whichallowfor
pneumaticsystems andthe theexpansionof steam.
selection
of a oarticular
is moreoftenthannota
actuator Ontheotherhand.BOMAFA
has
 BOMAFA Va*ve$oluticns
Speeiaf

Ootimum with
forconditions
working.
limited
Higheststeam at
velocity
optimum mixing,
Wateriscompletelymixedowing
tohighturbulenceasthewater
passesthrough thepressure
reductionsteps.
o Accuratecontrollability.
o Mosteconomic desuperheating.
o Quickevaporationandshort
distancerequired of
downstream
thevalve.
Protectionofthepiping
from
waterdroplets,

Desuperheatingisbeingdone
afterthepressurereduction.
ofthevalvesarenot
lnternals
towater
susceptible droPlets
touchingthem.

maximum condition. nozzleis furthercovered bya

Desuperheating isbeing done
afterthepressure reduction.
Theultimate design interms of
efficiency,
Highpressure motive steam
leads toextremely high J Linerinthe
atthepointofwater
velocitie_s
injection shears
which offthe
water dropletsinstantaneouslY.
o Short distanceforevaporation.
a Bestdesign foraccurate
temperature control.
lntemals ofthevalves arenot
susceptibletowater droPlets
touchingthem.
Desuperheating close to
saturationispossible.
Thedesign isunique such that
theatomising steam iscalculated
toshearofftheinjected waterfor
Theatomising steam quantitYis complete steamshieldwhich
constant atallfluctuatingload.In ensures thatthewaterdroplets
theevent ofreduction inthe donottouchthehotboundary
steam load,thisatomising steam wallsandtherefore eliminates
quantityremains constant. This requirement of expensive
resultsinimproved atomisation at Thermal Sleeve/
lowerloads since thesame downstream piping.
amount ofatomising steam wil
beshearing offlesser quantityof
injectedwater. Assuchthisisthe
onlydesign where the Spring loadedwaterinjecting
performance oftheunitimproves nozzles aredeployed atthevalve
atlower loads ascompared to outletwhichoptimiseswater
higherload. Thischaracteristic is injectionoverwidefluctuating
unique andisthe opposite of flowrate.
mostothertypeof Thedesignis suchthattheflow
desupeheaters. areavariesasthewaterflow
changessoasto assistin
extremely
forming finewater
lnaddition, that
themixture for
sizerequired
droplet
comesoutoftheatomising
 ffi B9/vlA.l
instantaneous
atomisation. o Thistechnology isideally
suited
Thisdesignprovidesthe forLPbypass applications
and
waterpafticle
smallest sizeand theholesarespecifically
wouldnotbelimitedintermsof designed soastoensure that
spraywaterflowrequirement. thereisadequate spacing
between eachholeandallows
Nozzlesarenormally thejetsto regroupandform
circumferentially
mounted onthe largerjetswhentheyexitthe
steampipeforcesoasto cagethusreducing thenoise
achieveanegalitarian,
fulland levelto thesoecified
freedistribution
of spraywater
requirement.
droplets.
Thedesign ofthespraynozzles
ensurethatit hasa pre-
determinedpressure dropwhich
isadequate forefficient It isa quiteobvious factthatany
atomization
andisavailable leakage acrosstheturbine
constantly
forspraywater bypass valvemeans lossin
injection,
whichensures thatthe production andi.e.lossof
spraywaterdroplets donotfall revenue.
outevenat lowspraywater
requirement.
Funds ongeneration
spent of
goes
steam down
thedrain.

Steam thatleaksthrough
the
valveisnotfedinthet0rbine
whch resultsinnon-generation
Intoday's
industrial
scenario, ofelectricity
andalsono
elimination
of noiseisvery revenuesfortheolant.
important.
BOMAFA trimdesigns
ensurethatvelocityofthefluidis Steam leakingacrossthevalve
controlled
whichleadsto reduces theefficiency
ofthe
removalof noise,
vibrationand condensor sincethecondensor
erosr0n. willnotbeabletomaintain the
vacuum andwillalsoraisethe
Toensuretheoptimum condensor temperature.
performance,BOMAFA can
provideholebushdesign ordisc Theleakagewouldveryquickly
stackconfigurationwhichare damage anderode theseat
tailormadeto suitthe whichwouldonlygoon
requirementsofeachapplication overa period
increasing oftime
forthecustomer. andwillneedmandatory
maintenance
downtime.
NormallyforLPbypass valves,
holebushdesign withcageis Thesoecial BOMAFA seat
selected.Themainflowofthe design ensures
thattightshut-off
intofinejets
steamis isolated is maintained
rightfromthestart
thiscageandprimarily
through tilltheveryend.
thenoizefrequencyis
determinedbasedonthesizeof
thehole,