‘oumal of Progress in Civil Engineering (JPCE), Vol. 1, No.2, Jul-Dec 2013 A Study on Static and Fatigue Analysis for Understanding the Response of High Strength Concrete Beam Vinod Kumar M Muthukannan M Stephen Jebamalai Assistant Professor, Professor, Departinent of Raj J Department of Civil Civil Engineering, Assistant Professor, Engineering, Kalasalingam University Department of Civil PSNA College of Engg. Engineering, and Tech, PSNA College of Engg. and Tech. ABSTRACT 10 the model to predict the performance of the HSC beam. In Fatigue Analysis, Many researchers have conducted research to understand the response of structural elements constructed of High Strength Concrete (HSC). The behaviour and performance of High Strength Concrete under static and impact or ‘fatigue loading has received increased attention. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the static and fatigue response of HSC beams. The HSC beam is experimentally tested under loading condition and the response to the beam is predicted. A finite element modelling is proposed for the same HSC beam using the well known finite element software ANSYS. The static loads are applied to the model and the results are discussed. Here the comparison is made between the experimental results and analytical results of HSC beam under static loading. The fatigue load is applied static 19 Fatigue design Life is identified using the SN Curve for Constant Amplitude Loading. Keywords: Finite Element Modeling; High Strength Concrete; ANSYS; Static and Fatigue; S-N Curve. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Development of high strength concrete has been taken place and considered in the last few decades. Due to high industrial demand the development of high strength concrete has improved rapidly as a result concrete member has several advantages such as increased structural capacity, limited deformation and high stiffness. The benefit of increased compressive strength in high strength concrete results in reduction in the size of the structural members in theA Study on Static and Fatigue Analysis for Understanding the Response of High... design. The use of high strength concrete increases strength and also a considerable increase in service life of the structure. The response of high strength concrete under static and fatigue loading has received importance in the coming years because of the increased adoption of high strength concrete in multi storey structures, concrete basements or pavements and liquid —_retaining structures, Investigation has taken place by the structural understanding the cracking resistance of high strength concrete due to fatigue or impact load, researchers for The main objective of this paper is to investigate the response of the HSC beam under static and fatigue loading conditions. The finite element model is developed using ANSYS software for static analysis of HSC beam and the behaviour is compared with experimental results. Then Fatigue analysis is done for the same model using ANSYS ‘software for constant amplitude loading from that design life can be found out for various stress categories under a number of cycles. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Several articles are published, analyzed and reviewed in the wide area of high 20 strength concrete beam. Seyed Hamid Hashemi, etal. [1] described the behaviour of HSC beam of high strength beam when it is strengthened with Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sheets at the bottom face of the loading member. Finally they proved HSC beam provided with FRP sheets has more structural capacity with reduced deflection. K. Masti, etal. [2] explained the deflection, strain and energy ductility and the lifetime history of experimental and theoretical analysis of six caste reinforced HSC beams with different percentage of reinforcements. The beams were loaded incrementally by a two point loads and the vertical deflection and conerete strain were measured at mid span, at 20cm from mid span and under load point up to failure. Based on the experimental results, _load-deflection, load-strain energy observed diagrams of each beam for mentioned sections plotted. In the theoretical phase, a 3Dimensional model i.e., ANSYS nonlinear software was used and the load deflection, — load-strain energy observed diagrams were also plotted and the comparison of experimental and theoretical results for lifetime history of HSC beams was performed. and andJournal of Progress in Civil Engineering (JPCE), Vol. 1, No.2, Jul-Dec 2013, ring Reza Mahjoub, et.al. [3] demonstrated the experimental study and three- dimensional nonlinear Finite Element (FE) models adopted by ANSYS to examine the structural behavior of the reinforced HSC beams strengthened with FRP sheets. The major test variables were included the different layouts of (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer) CFRP sheets and tensile reinforcement ratio. More particularly, the change in strength of the beams as the number of FRP layers and tensile reinforcement bar ratio are altered was investigated. The crack pattems in the beams were also presented. The load deflection plots obtained from numerical study showed good agreement with the experimental results. S.H. Hashemi, et.al. [4] conducted a study on behaviour of High strength reinforced beam strengthened with FRC laminates, The bonding of FRP to structures provided an attractive alternative to steel plates. This material was corrosion resistant and lightweight, had a high strength-to-weight ratio and possessed nonconductive properties. Finally the paper described attaching unidirectional FRP to the tension face of RC beams and FRC sheets at the bottom of the beam loading face has increased 21 the stiffness and load capacity of the beam. RRahgozarM, et.al. [5] made a comparison between the behaviour of reinforced HSC beams with Aramid Fibre Reinforced Polymer (AFRP) bars and confined HSC beams with AFRP sheets under bending and observed that beams reinforced with AFRP bars have linear behavior up to failure. Gaetano, et.al. [6] presented a wide experimental programme on beams in normal and high strength concrete. The ‘most important aspects of the monotonic and cyclic behaviour were considered, ‘comparing the two types of conerete. The modelling was made and analyzed the cyclic behaviour of Reinfored Concrete (RC) beams. The significance of local phenomena such as concrete cover spalling was underlined. Lur’s F. A. Bernardo and Se’rgio M. R. Lopes [7], article presented an experimental study on the plastic behaviour of HSC beams in bending. The main purpose of the analysis was to characterize the plastic rotation capacity in the beams’ failure section with an experimental parameter. The plastic rotation capacities of the tested beamsA Study on Static and Fatigue Analysis for Understanding the Response of High..... were analyzed by the rules of some codes of practice. Sherif el-tawil, etal. [9] described an analytical model for simulating the static response and accelerated fatigue behavior of reinforced conerete beams strengthened with CFRP laminates. Static and fatigue calculations were carried out using a fiber section model that accounts for the nonlinear _ time-dependent behavior of concrete, steel yielding, and rupture of CFRP laminates. Analysis results were compared with experimental data from two sets of accelerated fatigue tests on CFRP strengthened beams and showed good agreement. Cyclic fatigue caused a time-dependent redistribution of stresses, which led to a mild increase in steel and CFRP laminate stresses as fatigue life was exhausted. M. N. S. Hadi and R. Jeffry [10], demonstrated that High Strength Concrete (HSC) provided high strength but lower ductility compared to normal strength conerete. This low ductility limited the benefit of using HSC in building safe structures. A designer should be aware of limiting the amount of tensile reinforcement to prevent the brittle failure of concrete. They presented a method to prevent the brittle failure of conerete beams by providing a different 22 tensile reinforcement and —_— the confinement shapes to their effectiveness in improving the strength and ductility of the beams. M.A.Rashid and M.A.Mansur [11], made a flexural test results generated on high strength concrete beams. Concrete compressive strength, ratios of tensile and compressive reinforcements and spacing of lateral ties were the other test parameters considered. It was found that the current code provisions serviceability requirements of maximum crack width and ultimate strength were adequate up to a concrete strength of 130Mpa. for 3.0 SIGNIFICANCE PRESENT WORK OF Many studies were carried out on HSC beam strengthening with FRC bars and / or FRC laminates under different loading conditions. Mostly many of the researchers mainly focused on behaviour of HSC beam on static loading condition. Nowadays high strength concrete is widely used for bridge pavements. Here the combination of Static and fatigue is applied throughout the span of bridges. So, it is necessary to predict the responses of HSC under both the loading conditions and then only the design lifeJournal of Progress in Civil Engineering (JPCE), Vol. 1, No.2, Jul-Dec 2013 of the structure can be availed. This study investigates the Response of HSC beam under static and fatigue loading. 40 BEAM DETAILS AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES 41° Beam details The beams of 150mm and 230mm of width and depth respectively are modelled with a length of 2500mm. The concrete beam is reinforced with two 16- mm diameter steel bars for tension (at bottom), and two 12-mm-diameter steel bars for compression (at top), along with 8-mm-diameter bars at a spacing of 90 mm —center-to-center_ for shear reinforcement. The maximum shear force usually occurs in the flexural member at the face of the support and progressively reduces with increasing distance from the support, when concentrated loads are involved; the shear force remains high in the span between the supports and the point of first concentrated load. The distances of 600mm from the beam end to the point of concentrated loads at both ends are treated as critical section. So, shear reinforcements are provided only for critical section in this case. The details of the tested beam are shown in the Fig.1. 4.2 Material Properties The concrete beams are designed and tested for cube strength of about 100 MPa for 28days mean strength. The top and bottom reinforcement for beam of diameter 12mm and 16 mm is tested by universal testing for the yield stress. The measured yield strength for 12mm and 16mm diameter reinforcement bars are 412 and 420 MPa respectively. The finite element method of Static analysis is performed to predict the ultimate capacity of the HSC beam ANSYS software monotonically increasing load up to failure. using for 32 > The results of the experimental data are compared with the results obtained from the beam modelled with ANSYS finite element program. When the results of the experimental data are compared with the modelled computer program, it is shown that the results of computer model give similar results to the real behavior. The modelling made with ANSYS finite element program can be useful for saving money and time in terms * of specimen. Fatigue design life can be identified using Fatigue analysis for constant amplitude loading. Fig.10. shows simulated — for categories under number of cycles. the S-N curve various stress The S-N curve indicates that when the stress(S) value is increased, the number of cycles (N) decreased in terms of numerical values obtained from ANSYS. Using S-N curve the fatigue design life can be identified.Joumal of Progress in Civil Engineering (JPCE), Vol. 1, No.2, Jul—Dec 2013 REFERENCES 1. Seyed Hamid Hashemi, Reza Rahgozar and Ali Akbar Maghsoudi, “Finite Element and Experimental Serviceability Analysis of. HSC Beams Strengthened with FRP Sheets”, American Jounal of Applied Sciences 4 (9): 725-735, 2007. . K. Masti, A.A. Maghsoudi and R, Rahgozar, “Nonlinear Models and Experimental Investigation of Lifetime. History of HSC Flexural Beams”, and American Journal of Applied Sciences 5 (3): 248-262, 2008. . Reza Mahjoub, Seyed - Hamid Hashemi,” Finite Element Analysis of RC Beams Strengthened with FRP Sheets under Bending”, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(5): 773-778, 2010. |. S.H. Hashemi, A.A. Maghsoudi and R. Rahgozar,” Bending Response of HSRC Beams Strengthened with FRP Sheets”, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 138-146, April 2009. . RRahgozar,M, Ghalehnovi,E, Adili”, Comparing the behavior of reinforced HSC beams with AFRP bars and confined HSC beams with AFRP sheets under bending”, ISBN 978-0- 415-46850-3, 2009. . Gaetano,Manfredi and Marisa pecce, "Low cycle fatigue of RC beams in NSC and HSC”, Engineering Structures, Elsevier Science Ltd. Vol. 19. No. 3, pp. 217-223, 1997. . Lur’s F. A. Bernardo # Se’rgio M. R. Lopes,” Plastic analysis of HSC beams in flexure”, Materials and Structures, DOI 10.1617/s11527-008- 9366-x, pp. 42:51-69, 2009. . State-of-the-Art Report on High- Strength Concrete, ACI 363R-92, ACI Committee 363. ). Sherif el-tawil, cahit ogunc, ayman okeil, and mohsen shahawy”, static and fatigue analyses of RC beams strengthened with CFRP laminates”, Joumal of composites. for constructions, Vol.5, No, Pages 258-261, 2001. 10. M. N. S. Hadi and r. Jeffry,” effect of different confinement shapes on theA Study on Static and Fatigue Analysis for Understanding the Response of High..... Behaviour beams”, of reinforced HSC asian journal of civil engineering (building and housing) vol. 11, no. 4 Pages 451-462, 2010. 1, M.A Rashid M.A Mansur, “Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Beams in Flexure”, ACT Structural journal, Title no. 102 — $47, Pages 462-471, 2005. and 34 12. ANSYS — Tutorial Fatigue Analysis. 13. ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide, ANSYS Release 10.0 Performing a 14.By Raymond Browell (Product Manager New Technologies ANSYS, Inc). 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