MUSIC 2021-2022 Term 2

F5 Classwork 2 - Answer

1. Which four features are typically of musical?

• Musicals often use forms taken from opera, such as aria, chorus and so on.
• Most musicals start with an overture.
• Musicals have band or orchestra accompaniments.
• Some musicals include dance.

2. The main melody in the song is based on notes taken from another melody in another musical.
What are the lyrics of this original melody? The first word has been given for you.
‘Somewhere Over the Rainbow’

3. Name two ways in which Schwartz disguises the tune that he borrows in ‘Defying Gravity’.
Changes the rhythm and the harmony (chords).

4. Schwartz uses short melodies to represent characters in the song: for example, the unlimited theme,
based on the first seven notes from the melody ‘Somewhere Over the Rainbow’. What are these
called, and in what other type of musical work were they first used by composers, such as Wagner?

a Type of melody: leitmotif

b Type of musical work: opera

5. The song uses two intervals in much of the melody and harmony.
Which two of the following intervals are they?
Fourths and fifths

6. The opening section reflects the anger between Glinda and Elphaba.
Describe the music of this section.
Starts with loud accented chords / half-shouted / like a recitative / fast-paced melody /
chromatic harmony / ambiguous key / homophonic texture
7. During the dialogue sections, the orchestra has to vamp until the singers have completed saying
their lines. What does it mean to vamp?
Vamp/vamping: this is where a number of bars (two to four) are constantly repeated by the
orchestra or band until the actions are complete on stage. The dialogue has ended, too, and
everyone is ready to proceed to the next scene.

8. Several key features of this sonata movement are listed below.

Give a brief definition of each of the following:

a Tremolando: rapid repetitions on one note to give a wavering effect

b Colla voce: literally ‘with the voice’, an instruction to the conductor to follow the
vocalist
c Metrical shifting: moving the accented beat to other beats in the bar
d Hexatonic (melody): a melody made up of six notes of the scale
e Circle of fifths: a pattern of chords whose root descends a fifth each time
f Vocalisation: melody without words
g Underscore: music that accompanies action on stage

9. The orchestration of Wicked combines traditional classical instruments with popular musical
instruments (e.g. electric guitar, drums, synthesised sounds on keyboard), plus a heavy emphasis on
percussion. Name three of the more unusual percussion instruments not found in a common
orchestra line-up.

Any three of: bell-tree/chimes/shaker/suspended cymbal/crotales/tin maraca and nut rattle/tam-tam.