HOMEWORK FOR XII A, 2022-23

01.04.2022

CHAPTER- REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS TOPIC: TYPES OF REPRODUCTION

1. Why is reproduction essential for organisms?

2. Which is a better mode of reproduction, sexual or asexual? Why?

3. Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?

4. How does the progeny formed from asexual reproduction different from those formed by
sexual reproduction?

5. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Why is vegetative reproduction also
considered as a type of asexual reproduction?

6. What is vegetative propagation? Give two suitable examples.

02.04.2022

CHAPTER- REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS

TOPIC: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION (PRE-FERTILIZATION EVENTS)

1. Offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival. Why? Is this
statement always true?

2. Define juvenile phase, reproductive phase and senescence phase.

3. Higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of its complexity. Why?

4. Explain why meiosis and gametogenesis are always interlinked?

5. What is a bisexual flower? Name five bisexual flowers found in your locality.

04.04.2022

CHAPTER- REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS

TOPIC: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION (FERTILIZATION AND POST-FERTILIZATION EVENTS)

1. Define external fertilization. Mention its disadvantages.

2. Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote.

3. Differentiate between gametogenesis and embryogenesis.

4. Describe the post fertilization changes in a flower.

5. Why are offspring of oviparous animals at a greater risk as compared to offspring of

viviparous animals?

13.04.2022

CHAPTER- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

TOPIC: STAMEN, ANTHER, MICROSPORANGIUM

1. Name the parts of angiosperm flower in which development development of male and female
gametes takes place.

2. What are accessory whorls and reproductive whorls of a flower?

3. What is the sterile stalk of the stamen called?

4. What is a bilobed anther?

5. What is the function of petals in reproduction?

16.04.2022
CHAPTER- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

TOPIC: MICROSPOROGENESIS, POLLEN GRAIN

1. Arrange the following terms in correct developmental sequence: pollen grain, sporogenous
tissue, microspore tetrad, pollen mother cell, male gametes.

2. Explain the role of tapetum in the formation of pollen grain wall.

3. With the help of labeled diagram, depict the stages of a microspore maturing into a pollen
grain.

4. If the chromosome number of a plant is 16, what would be the chromosome number and
ploidy level of the (i) microspore mother cell, (ii) cell of pollen tetrad, (iii) pollen grain, (iv) male
gamete, (v) vegetative cell

5. Draw and label the enlarged view of microsporangium. State the function of its innermost
layer.

18.04.2022
CHAPTER- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
TOPIC: MEGASPOROGENESIS, EMBRYO SAC

1. Differentiate between microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. Which type of cell division

occurs during these events? Name the structures formed at the end of these two events.

2. With a neat labeled diagram describe the parts of a typical angiosperm ovule.

3. What is meant by monosporic development of female gametophyte?

4. The embryo sac in female gametophyte is seven celled and eight nucleated structure. Justify
the statement.

5. Write the location and function of synergid.

19.04.2022
CHAPTER- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

TOPIC: POLLINATION, POLLEN-PISTIL INTERACTION

1. What are chasmogamous flowers? Can cross pollination occur in cleistogamous flowers? Give
reasons for your answer.

2. Mention two strategies evolved by flowers to prevent self pollination.

3. What is self-incompatibility? Why does self pollination not lead to seed formation in self
incompatible species?

4. Why does a beekeeper keep beehives in crop fields during flowering periods? State any two
advantages.

5. Comment upon the mode of pollination in Vallisneria and Eichhornia which have emergent
flowers.

20.04.2022
CHAPTER- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

TOPIC: FERTILIZATION, EMBRYOGENY

1. What is triple fusion? Where and how does it take place? Name the nuclei involved in triple
fusion.

2. Even though each pollen grain has two male gametes, why are at least 10 pollen grains and not
5 pollen grains required to fertilize 10 ovules present in a particular carpel?
3. The meiocyte of an onion plant contains 32 chromosomes. Work out the number of
chromosomes found in its endosperm.

4. How many microspore mother cells and megaspore mother cells are at least required to form
100 seeds in an angiosperm?

5. Mention the fate of all the components of the embryo sac after fertilization.

21.04.2022
CHAPTER- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

TOPIC: ARTIFICIAL HYBRIDISATION, SEED, FRUIT, APOMIXIS, POLYEMBRYONY

1. What is bagging technique? How is it useful in plant breeding programme?

2. Why do you think the zygote is dormant for some time in a fertilized ovule?

3. Why is apple called a false fruit? Which part of the flower forms the fruit?

4. What is meant by emasculation? When and why does a plant breeder employ this technique?

5. What is apomixes and what is its importance?

6. Differentiate between perisperm and pericarp.

25.04.2022 (MONDAY)
CHAPTER-HUMAN REPRODUCTION

TOPIC-HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1. Draw a labeled diagram of human male reproductive system.

2. Draw a labeled diagram of human female reproductive system.

3. Write two functions each of testis and ovary.

4. Describe the structure of a seminiferous tubule.

5. What are the major components of seminal plasma?

6. What are the major functions of male accessory ducts and glands?