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Wind Turbine Induction Generator (Phasor Type)
Wind Turbine Induction Generator (Phasor Type)
Implement phasor model of squirrel-cage induction generator driven by variable pitch wind
turbine
Library
Renewable Energy/Wind Generation
Description
The wind turbine and the induction generator (WTIG) are shown below. The stator winding is connected directly to the grid
and the rotor is driven by the wind turbine. The power captured by the wind turbine is converted into electrical power by the
induction generator and is transmitted to the grid by the stator winding. The pitch angle is controlled in order to limit the
generator output power to its nominal value for high wind speeds. In order to generate power the induction generator speed
must be slightly above the synchronous speed. But the speed variation is typically so small that the WTIG is considered to be
a fixed-speed wind generator. The reactive power absorbed by the induction generator is provided by the grid or by some
devices like capacitor banks, SVC, STATCOM or synchronous condenser.
A Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is used to control the blade pitch angle in order to limit the electric output power to the
nominal mechanical power. The pitch angle is kept constant at zero degree when the measured electric output power is under
its nominal value. When it increases above its nominal value the PI controller increases the pitch angle to bring back the
measured power to its nominal value. The control system is illustrated in the figure below:
Magnetizing inductance Lm
The magnetizing inductance Lm in pu based on the generator ratings.
You may need to use your own turbine model, in order for example, to implement different power characteristics or to
implement the shaft stiffness. Your model must then output the mechanical torque applied to the generator shaft. If the
inertia and the friction factor of the turbine are implemented inside the turbine model you specify only the generator inertia
constant H and the generator friction factor F.
Initial conditions
The initial slip s, electrical angle Θ in degrees, stator current magnitude in pu and phase angle in degrees.
This parameter is not visible when the External mechanical torque parameter is checked.
The maximum power at base wind speed in pu of the nominal mechanical power.
The rotational speed at maximum power for the base wind speed. The base rotational speed is in pu of the base generator
speed.
Proportional and Integral gains Kp and Ki of the pitch controller. Specify Kp in degrees/(power deviation pu) and Ki in
degrees/(power deviation pu)/s. The power deviation is the difference between actual electrical output power and the
nominal mechanical power in pu of the generator nominal power.
A B C
The three terminals of the WTIG.
Trip
Apply a simulink logical signal (0 or 1) to this input. When this input is high the WTIG is disconnected. Use this input to
implement a simplified version of the protection system.
Wind (m/s)
This input is not visible when the External mechanical torque parameter is checked.
Tm
This input is visible only when the External mechanical torque parameter is checked.
Simulink input of the mechanical torque. Tm must be negative for power generation. Use this input when using an external
turbine model.
m
Simulink output vector containing 8 WTIG internal signals. These signals can be individually accessed by using the Bus
Selector block. They are, in order:
1 Vabc (cmplx) (pu) Phasor voltages (phase to ground) Va, Vb, Vc at the WTIG
terminals in pu based on the generator ratings.
Signal Signal Names Definition
2 Iabc (cmplx) (pu) Phasor currents Ia, Ib, Ic flowing into the WTIG terminals in pu
based on the generator ratings.
Example
See the power_wind_ig example, which illustrates the steady-state and dynamic performance of the WTIG. Three WTIG
blocks are used to simulate a 9 MW wind farm connected in a 25 kV, 60 Hz, system. Voltage regulation is performing by a 3
Mvar STATCOM.
References
[1] Siegfried Heier, "Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems," John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1998, ISBN 0-471-
97143-X
See Also
Wind Turbine, Wind Turbine Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (Phasor Type)