CHAPTER 7: HYDROCARBONS

ALKENES:
1. State Markovnikov's rule and give one example.
2. Give the reaction of ethene with chlorine water.
3. How can you distinguish between an alkane and an alkene using a simple lab test?
4. State the chemical equation for the reaction of ethene with each of the following:
a. Alkaline KMnO4
b. Bromine water
c. HBr
d. Sulphur monochloride
5. How can you convert ethene into:
a. Mustard gas
b. Chlorohydrin
c. Ethylene glycol
d. Polyethene
6. Give three methods for the preparation of ethene.
ALKYNES
7. Give two simple chemical tests to distinguish between ethene and ethyne
8. Show with the help of two reactions that ethyne is an acid.
9. Give the reactions of ethyne with each of the following:
a. HCl
b. Cold KMnO4
c. Hot KMnO4
d. Ammoniated AgNO3
10. How can you distinguish between 1-butyne and 2-butyne?
11. Explain why alkenes are more reactive than alkanes.
12. Describe the preparation of alkynes.
BENZENE
13. How can you prepare benzene from:
a. n-hexane and
b. n-heptane?
14. Give two methods each for the preparation of benzene from:
a. Aliphatic compounds
b. Aromatic compounds
15. What is meant by aromaticity? State and explain four characteristics of an aromatic
compound.
16. How can an aromatic compound be distinguished from an aliphatic compound?
17. Differentiate between aliphatic and aromatic compounds.
18. With the help of two reactions each, show that benzene is:
a. an unsaturated compound
b. a saturated compound
19. Discuss the stability of benzene.
20. Answer the following questions:
A. Describe the Kekule structure of benzene.
B. What objections were raised against this structure?
C. How did Kekule defend his structure against these objections?
21. Describe the molecular orbital structure of benzene.
ALKANES
1. Describe three methods for the preparation of ethane.
2. Describe the mechanism of free radical reaction of methane.