Name of the Experiment- Design & simulate Integrator amplifier using 741 Op-Amp IC.

Instrument/ Components Required- Proteus Simulator.

Theory:-
An Operational Amplifier or op-amp is a voltage amplifying device designed to be used with external
feedback components such as resistors and capacitors between its output and input terminals. It is a
high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and usually a single-ended output. Op-
amps are among the most widely used electronic devices today, being used in a vast array of consumer,
industrial, and scientific devices.
Operational amplifiers are available in IC packages of single, dual or quad op-amps within one single
device. The most commonly available and used of all operational amplifiers in basic electronic kits and
projects is the industry standard μA-741.

Integrator Amplifier-
As its name implies, the Op-amp Integrator is an operational amplifier circuit that performs the
mathematical operation of Integration, that is we can cause the output to respond to changes in the
input voltage over time as the op-amp integrator produces an output voltage which is proportional to
the integral of the input voltage.

When a step voltage, Vin is firstly applied to the input of an integrating amplifier, the uncharged
capacitor C has very little resistance and acts a bit like a short circuit allowing maximum current to flow
via the input resistor, Rin as potential difference exists between the two plates. No current flows into
the amplifiers input and point X is a virtual earth resulting in zero output. As the impedance of the
capacitor at this point is very low, the gain ratio of XC/RIN is also very small giving an overall voltage gain
of less than one, ( voltage follower circuit ).
Circuit Description-
A simple practical inverting amplifier using 741 IC which is a high performance and of course the
most popular widely used Op-amp amplifier. It can be used in various application like integrator,
differentiator, voltage follower, amplifier etc. 741 IC has a wide supply voltage range of (+22 V) .IC has
an integrated compensation network for improving stability of has shot circuit protection. Signal to be
amplified is applied to the Non-inverting pin (3) of IC. Inverting pin (2) is connected to ground. Rin is
input resistor & Cf feedback capacitor. They both set the gain of amplifier. RL is load resistor (1 k), the
amplified signal available across it.

Input & Output Waveforms of Op-Amp Integrator.

Procedure-
1. Open Proteus simulator, Click on “P” option on selective window to pick components /devices
from virtual library.
2. In library search the required components and select it by click ok option.
3. Then select one by one component and placed on the editing window or screen.
4. Right click on the components to change its required value.
5. Placed an Oscilloscope for visualization of input & output signal.
6. Finally run the simulation.
Observation-

SL.No
Frequency Vout Vin Gain
.

Conclusion-