Garcia 1

Jenifer Garcia

Mrs. McCann

English 1302.203

7 March 2022

Annotated Bibliography

Jun-xin, Zhang, et al. "Planning and Design Method for Heavy Launch Vehicle Launch site for

Manned Mars Exploration Mission." Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1639, no.

1, 2020.

The article gives insight on the challenges that are faced and gives out a planner on the

beginning of the engineering models. First, the aerospace engenderers provide a list of ideas,

then they continue on by building a launch site construction, test launch mode, and launch

vehicle design. Those are the plans that they follow when they are manned in the mar’s

exploration mission. Analysis of the test and launch mode based on the launch vehicle's basic

technical state. Because most launch vehicles are currently transferred to the launch site in a

horizontal state and launched in a vertical state, the paper focuses on three key technical states:

test, assembly, and transfer, which are analyzed in terms of operational difficulty, security and

reliability, environmental protection and adaptation, the scale of facilities and equipment’s, and

complexity. The article concludes by specifying that before beginning to test their launches,

there is a lengthy process to follow.

Joseph, Rhawn G., et al. "Oceans, Lakes, and Stromatolites on Mars." Advances in Astronomy,

vol. 2020, 2020.

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After further looking into mars, researches state that the red planet used to be a humid area

that included lakes, oceans, and stromatolites. Then they explained that the bodies of waters had

specific bacteria that only grew on algae. After talking about the ancient bodies of waters that

used to be on mars, they continued to explain that it can be used as evidence of habitability

within the planet. The explanation is that 4.6 billion years ago was when the planet was

habitable. What became of the oceans and lakes of Mars is unclear. They may have been frozen

or assimilated as ice sheets under the surface and deep inside the crust on a regular basis. The

article continues to inform that stromatolites are layered columns and sheet-like deposits that

branch. The main crater that the scientists are focusing on is the lake in Gale crater because of its

flush of water. The author finishes the article by stating that it does prove that planet is habitable,

but it supports the hypothesis.

Levchenko, Igor, et al. "Mars Colonization: Beyond Getting There." Global Challenges, vol. 3,

no. 1, 2019.

The article starts by questioning whether mars exploration is worth it. He then continues by

explaining that there are just theories that mars can be a sustainable planet for human beings but

it is not yet proven. Some believe that, at least from a technological standpoint, it will be possible

to begin colonization of Mars within our lifetimes. He continues on by explaining that there is a

treaty called, Outer Space Treaty, stating that they are systems of laws that people have to follow

in order to continue exploring outer space. Then, they explain that there are still uncertainties

with human rights if people ever get to colonize mars. Moving on to thinking ethically, people

argue that colonizing mars is not the best idea, because they state that, “there is a record in out

book”, meaning that no matter where human colonize, they are bound to destroy it. The author

continues by stating that many people do not consider colonizing the planet, instead, they would
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rather gather resources from them. The article concludes by stating that there are still figuring out

whether there will be benefits from exploring mars and continue to state that in order to keep

exploring they need more funding.

Mancinelli, Rocco L. "Mars science is expanding internationally." International Journal of

Astrobiology, vol. 20, no. 2, 2021, pp. 109-110.

The article states that on February 9th, the Emirati Hope orbiter, the UAE's first deep

space explorer, will be the first to arrive. The orbiter was created through a collaboration

between the Mohamed bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC), the University of Colorado-

Laboratory Boulder's for Atmospheric and Space Physics, and Arizona State University (ASU).

Hope is equipped with three instruments, including two spectrometers and an exploratory imager

(high-resolution camera). They state that the images will provide insight on whether there were

ozone levels are on the red planet. But first, Ingenuity, a small helicopter, will be deployed. That

technology has its own mission: to make the first powered flight from another planet's surface.

Perseverance will gather samples in preparation for a return to Earth. The Mars Perseverance

rover features a drill that can collect core samples of rocks and soils that may contain evidence of

extinct life and store them in a "cache" on Mars' surface.

"Out of this World! NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover on the Red Planet." Vayu Aerospace and

Defence Review, no. 5, 2021, pp. 135-137.

The article states the long process that the rover that went to mars on March had to undergo

before being launched. While the Rover will explore the rock and sediment of Jezero's historic

lakebed and river delta to characterize the region's geology and previous climate, astrobiology,

especially the hunt for traces of ancient microbial life, is an important aspect of its mission. The
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author also explains how astronomers and scientist are currently going through a rough

experiment in which they are trying to make oxygen out of thin air in mars. They state that

sending the rover to mars is a great step towards human exploration of the red planet. The article

states that there was a female group that did a 2-week stimulation in mars. In which they are in

desert like environments with space suits on. They conclude the article by stating that in the

future there will be more rovers and with more capabilities to explore mars and also send people

to mars.

Patel, Zarana S., et al. "Red risks for a journey to the red planet: The highest priority human

health risks for a mission to Mars." NPJ microgravity, vol. 6, no. 1, 2020, pp. 33.

The author states that there are many risks due to space radiation. Low-to-medium energy

protons are the major constituents of a SPE. GCR modulated by the Earth's magnetic field and

trapped protons in the South Atlantic Anomaly are the sources of the exposures in LEO. There

are a series of questions that state whether the effects of radiation do affect the human body

(especially the brain). The author provides of series of evidence that suggest that neuro cells are

being affected by outer space and gravity. The main objective that they have is to perform and

ensure that the astronaut’s safety is first. The behavioral health and performances could actually

develop mental disorders and have undetected behavioral conditions. The crew of six completed

behavioral questionnaires and additional testing on a weekly basis during this simulated mission

to Mars. In 93 percent of mission weeks, one out of every six crew members (20 percent)

reported depressed symptoms, which reached mild-to-moderate levels in >10 percent of mission

weeks, according to the Beck Depression Inventory.

Riddle, Bob. "Back to Mars." Science Scope, vol. 43, no. 9, 2020, pp. 68-74.
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The article explains the process that the rover to mars took and what the ultimate goal

was in 2020. The purpose of the rover going to the red planet (mars) as to collect minerals and to

test if vehicles are flyable. The author then continues to explain about how to get students more

engaged into exploring mars. He goes on by stating that students can use the tools on the Martian

Climate Database Projects website to examine weather trends at several of Mars' landing sites by

filling out an online request form. Students can use the tools on the Martian Climate Database

Projects website to examine weather trends at several of Mars' landing sites by filling out an

online request form. After, the author concludes by stating that the current orbit of the red planet

is going west at a slower pace than previous years calling it the retrograde motion.

Witze, Alexandra. "The many roads to the red planet - a memoir." Nature, vol. 583, no. 7816,

2020, pp. 350-351.

The article starts by proving information that every 26 months, planets like mars, align in a

way that makes it easier to launch ships towards the planet. It is known that space stations take

advantage of these occurrences and launch rovers. The author then states that many people are

currently obsessed with outer space colonization in hopes of finding habitable planets and

discovering life. Johnson, in a broader sense, depicts the complete scope of Mars exploration,

with a focus on the space era. Still, there's no better way to learn about what NASA's various

Mars missions have discovered, from the surprisingly diverse landscape explored by the

Sojourner rover in 1997 to the strange rock 'blueberries' — small blobs of minerals formed in

wet sediment — discovered at Opportunity's landing site in 2004. Then the article concluded by

stating that the goal of the rover’s mission is to verify if life ever existed on the planet.

Rinehart, Ronald W., et al. "Mission Cognition." Science and Children, vol. 58, no. 3, 2021, pp.

43-49.
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The article explains how space exploration seems to catch the young ones’ attention. The

article states how children are being assigned to explore more about mars and for them to give

their own ideas for a “pre-mission planning”. The teacher presented a short series of slides to

introduce pupils to each astronaut and the kind of problems they may address. This helps the

students engage in their physical packing activity. The author then concludes by stating that the

benefits of getting students engaged in those types of experiments if for the students to have

more insight on the processes that ships that are launched in space under go before being

released. Aside from giving the students encouragements with the project, the students are also

encouraged to develop more engineering lessons if the mars rover project piqued their interest.

The author then stated that those involved in to project can be the next generation of astronauts

destined to mars in the years of 2030 through 2040.

Riddle, Bob. "The Red Issue." Science Scope, vol. 44, no. 1, 2020, pp. 78-83.

The author explains about the rover just beginning of mars exploration and colonization.

When the spacecraft reaches interplanetary cruising speed, the engines shut down and the

spacecraft is removed. Podkayne of Mars is a 1963 novel about a 15-year-old Podkayne (Earth

years, or 712 Mars years) and her younger brother Clark (Earth years, or 6 Mars years). Join the

precocious duo as they embark on a trip to Earth via Venus with their uncle, leaving their home

on Mars for the first time. When Clark is kidnapped on Venus and Podkayne becomes involved,

things take a turn for the worst.

Witze, Alexandra. "The many roads to the red planet - a memoir." Nature, vol. 583, no. 7816,

2020, pp. 350-351.

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The article starts by proving information that every 26 months, planets like mars, align in a

way that makes it easier to launch ships towards the planet. It is known that space stations take

advantage of these occurrences and launch rovers. The author then states that many people are

currently obsessed with outer space colonization in hopes of finding habitable planets and

discovering life. Johnson, in a broader sense, depicts the complete scope of Mars exploration,

with a focus on the space era. Still, there's no better way to learn about what NASA's various

Mars missions have discovered, from the surprisingly diverse landscape explored by the

Sojourner rover in 1997 to the strange rock 'blueberries' — small blobs of minerals formed in

wet sediment — discovered at Opportunity's landing site in 2004. Then the article concluded by

stating that the goal of the rover’s mission is to verify if life ever existed on the planet.