Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter provides an overview of related research/literature on Perception of

Grade 10 students towards Modular Learning. The topics are about Perception of

Grade 10 students of Antique National School.

Modular Learning

Modular learning, as the word connotes, uses learning modules that facilitate

student learning by themselves. Modular learning is a form of distance learning that

uses Self-Learning Modules (SLM) based on the most essential learning

competencies (MELCS) developed by the teachers with the aid of curriculum

developers. The modules include sections on motivation and assessment that serve

as teachers’ and students’ guides to achieve desired competencies. Feedback

mechanisms aid teachers in monitoring student achievement and identify those who

require follow-up interventions (Regoniel Patrick, 2021).

The article presents comparative analysis of modular training as a teaching tool

against traditional methods and techniques in educational institutions, particularly in

higher education. Being one of the forms of interactive learning, modular training

ensures efficient intermutually development of all members of educational process. It

increases active learning and improves critical thinking, as well as problem solving

skills. Based on several years of experimental research this article gives

recommendations on modular training for improving knowledge in emergency first

aid treatment for students of various educational institutions. It also briefly describes
the algorithm of introducing elements of modular training for implementation of

Health and Safety course (Pastushkova Marina A, Et. Al, 2009)

Active teaching models help the students with their development as an individual

and increasing their creative, clear, wise thinking and building social commitments

and skills. In other words, teaching active models create self-study, self-control and

self-making in students and teachers. Generally, applying new models and active

teaching methods can result into meaningful and deep learning in the students

(Khorshidi, 2008).

The implementation of the new normal education, the difficulties encountered

among stakeholders because of an alternative learning delivery – modular distance

learning being applied in order to facilitate and to continue to serve the good

education in different schools in the country Philippines. With this, the study sought

to determine the perceptions of the students in Mindanao State University –Sulu

regarding their experiences during face-to-face learning approach and modular

distance learning approach, to ascertain the factors that can affect face-to-face

learning and modular learning as perceived by the students at Mindanao State

University-Sulu. This also aimed to find out the significant difference of students’

perceptions in the two-learning approach.

Theoretical Framework

Face to face learning engagement of students and teachers within the school has

been suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic has paved the way to

the implementation of Modular Distance Learning as an urgent response to ensure

continuity of education and by this the perception of the Grade 10 students of Antique

National School will be recorded in this research. The Philippines is in the process of

adapting to the new normal form of education at present, and continuous innovations of

educators and active involvement of other stakeholders are the driving force for its

success.

Conceptual Framework

Students Perception to Modular

Learning

Definition of Terms

Perception is the sensory experience of the world. It involves both recognizing

environmental stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli. Perception includes

the five senses; touch, sight, sound, smell, and taste. It also includes what is known

as proprioception, a set of senses involving the ability to detect changes in body

positions and movements. It also involves the cognitive processes required to

process information, such as recognizing the face of a friend or detecting a familiar

scent (Kendra Cherry, July 2020).

A Learning Module is an organized collection of content presented together. A

Learning Module can support a course goal, a course objective, a subject, a

concept, or a theme. Instructors can set a structured path through the content items

using a storyboard or a set of dependencies.

Tenth grade or grade is the tenth year of school post-kindergarten or the tenth

year after the first introductory year upon entering compulsory schooling. In many

parts of the world, the students are 15 or 16 years of age, depending on when their

birthday occurs. The variants of 10th grade in various countries are described below.

Learning is the process or experience of gaining knowledge or skill. An example

of learning is a student understanding and remembering what they've been taught.