Humss

Portfolio

Profile:

Name: Adrian Baruela

Date of birth: May 18 2004

Birth place: Sappaac, Bangued, Abra

Age: 17

Civil status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother’s name: Eliza Baruela

Father’s name: George Baruela

Educational background:

Elementary: Sappaac, Elementary, School

Secondary: Little Flower High school

Prayer
 Dearest God, I humbly ask for your forgiveness for all the sins I’ve committed. If I have
failed to do my job the other day, guide me as I prepare myself in becoming a better version of
myself and sincerely accept the Holy Spirit to rule my heart and mind.

As I begin my new endeavor today as a student teacher, help me to overcome all the
challenges. Guide me Father God towards the process of inculcating knowledge of the lesson that
I will teach and give me the wisdom to make the teaching – learning process not just content vase
but surely with meaningful life lessons.

For in shaping conscience, equip me to teach with truth. Shower ma also Father God with
patience for me to efficiently deal the diversity of my learners and strength to facilitate the
teaching – learning process efficiently.

Thank you for this magnificent opportunity to fulfill what you’ve called me to; to be an
instrument of knowledge and to touch lives. I am just grateful for the blessings that you have
showered upon me.

Allow me to share light and hope to my students that I’ll be able to leave a positive impact
on their lives. Use me Father as in inspiration for them to continue the love for learning. Ignite
within me the passion for the profession and bless me towards the path of embracing new
experiences, sharing new ideas, feeding morale with new vales and lessons to ponder.

I know I am not perfect but I also know that you are there to help me turn my weaknesses
into strengths. This I ask you Lord Jesus Christ, who lives, and reigns with you and the Holy
Spirit, one God, forever and ever Amen.
 Dedication
As well as everything that I do, I would be honor to dedicate this Final Portfolio to my
parents. The two persons that gave the tools and values necessary to be where I am standing
today. My parents support me on every step I make, and decision I take; but is necessary to
understand that they let me take my decisions alone in order for me to learn from my personal
mistake and as my father says to “learn and grow from each seatback”. I will never finish to thank
my father and my mother for all the opportunities that they have offer and gave me, for all the
teachings that they have told me and for every advise that come out of their mouth. I am so
graceful with them for trusting me that I would do a Good job in the university, and letting me
come to achieve a higher education.

So that’s why I dedicate this Portfolio to my parents, whom expect my effort on

everything that I do, and I think that this Final Portfolio is the perfect image and reflection of my
effort and hard work on my first semester on the School.

Mom & Dad: I hope that I can make you proud, the same way that I am proud of having both of
you as my parents and as the compass of my life!
A. Subjects:

a. Creative writing

b. Discipline and ideas in social sciences

c. Discipline and ideas in applied social sciences

d. Politics

e. Introduction to the world religion

f. Community engagement

g. Trends

h. Creative Non-fiction
Creative
writing
a. Katutubong sayaw

Bahay kubo

Bahay-kubo, kahit munti

Ang halaman doon ay sari-sari

Singkamas at talong

Sigarilyas at mani

Sitaw, bataw, patani

Kundol, patola, upo't kalabasa

At tsaka mayro'n pang

Labanos, mustasa

Sibuyas, kamatis, bawang ’t luya

Sa paligid-ligid a’ puno ng linga

Bahay-kubo, kahit munti

Ang halaman doon ay sari-sari

Singkamas at talong

Sigarilyas at mani

Sitaw, bataw, patani

Kundol, patola, upo't kalabasa

At tsaka mayro'n pang

Labanos, mustasa

Sibuyas, kamatis, bawang ’t luya

Sa paligid-ligid a’ puno ng linga

Sa paligid-ligid ay puno ng linga

 Magtanim ay Di Biro.

Magtanim ay di biro,

Maghapong nakayuko.

Di man lang makaupo,

Di man lang makatayo.

Braso ko'y namamanhid,

Baywang ko'y nangangawit.

Binti ko'y namimitig,

Sa pagkababad’sa tubig.

Sa umagang pag’ising,

Ang lahat iisipi’.

Kung saan may patanim

May masarap na pagkain.

Braso ko'y namamanhid,

Baywang ko'y nangangawit.

Binti ko'y namimitig,

Sa pagkababad’sa tubig.

Halina, halina’ mga kaliyag.

Tayo'y ma’sipag unat-unat.

Magpanibago tayo ng lakas,

Para sa araw ng bukas.

Par’ sa araw ng bukas!

 Paru-parung bukid

Paruparong bukid na lilipad-lipad

Sa gitna ng daan papaga-pagaspas

Isang bara ang tapis

Isang dangkal ang manggas

Ang sayang de kola

Isang piyesa ang sayad

May payneta pa siya — uy!

May suklay pehavidin — uy!

Nagwas de-ohetes ang palalabasin

Haharap sa altar at mananalamin

At saka lalakad nang pakendeng-kendeng.

 Leron Leron Sinta

Leron, leron sinta

Buko ng papaya,

Dala-dala'y buslo,

Sisidlan ng sinta,

Pagdating sa dulo'y

Nabali ang sanga

Kapos kapa’aran,

Humanap ng iba.

Gumising ka, Neneng,

Ta’o'y manampalok,

Dalhin mo ang buslong

Sisidlan ng hinog.

Pagdating sa dulo'y

’alamba-lambayog,

Kumapit ka, neneng,

Baka ka mahulog.

Leron, leron sinta’Buko ng papaya,

Dala-dala'y buslo,

Sisidlan ng sinta,

Pagdating sa dulo'y

Nabali ang sanga

Kapos kapa’aran,

Ang ibigin ko'y

Lalaking matapang,
 Ang’baril nya'y pito,

Ang sundang nya'y siyam

Ang lal’karin nya'y

Parte ng dinulang

Isang’pinggang pansit

Ang kan’ang kalaban.

Leron, leron’sinta

Buko ng papaya,

Dala-dala'y buslo,

Sisidlan ng sinta,

Pagdating sa dulo'y

Nabali ang sanga

Kapos kapa’aran,

Humanap ng iba
 Pamulinawen’Pamulinawen

Pusok imdengam man

Toy umas-asug

Agrayo ita sadiam.

Panunotem man

Dika pagintultulngan

Toy agayat, agruknoy ita emmam.

Issemmo diak kalipatan

Ta nasudi unay a nagan,

Ta uray sadin ti ayan,

Disso sadino man,

{Aw-awagak a di agsarday

Ta naganmo nga kasam-itan}

No malagipka, pusok ti mabang-aran

Adu nga sabsabong, adu nga rosrosas

Ti adda't ditoy, Nena, nga mabuybuyak,

Ngem awan manlaeng ti sabali nga liwliwak

No’di la dayta sudim ken imnas.

No umulogak nga mapan magmagna

.Dayta raniagmo, Neneng nga gapu kenka.

 B. Legends
The Legend of the Pineapple: A Filipino Folk Tale

Once upon a time, there was a woman who lived with her daughter Pina in a tiny hut in
the village. They were poor, and the mother worked day and night to make both ends meet. No
matter how hard she worked, though, she never got any help from her daughter. Pina was a lazy,
spoiled kid who liked to play in the backyard all day. Whenever her mother asked for help around
the house or tried to send her on an errand, she would always find an excuse by saying she can’t
find the object that was needed to complete that task. If her mother asked her to sweep the house,
for example, she would say she cannot find the broom, even if it was right there in front of her.
Needless to say, her mother always ended up doing the work herself. One day, her mother
became very ill. She called out to Pina, who as usual was playing in the backyard. “Pina! Pina!
Come over here, anak. I am very sick. Can you cook some porridge for me please? I am too weak
to get up.” Pina ignored her mother and continued to play. “Pina, come over here this very instant,
or else!” Pina’s mother mustered all her strength just to say this, but it worked. Pina grudgingly
stopped playing and went inside the house. She poked her head inside her mother’s room. “What
do you want, Nanay (mother)? You really expect me to cook for you? That’s too hard,” protested
Pina, pouting and stomping her feet. “Pina, it is very simple. Just put some rice in a pot and add
water. Once the water boils, let it simmer for awhile. Stir it occasionally with a ladle. Everything
you need should be right there in the kitchen.”Pina reluctantly left and went to the kitchen. Her
mother could hear her banging the drawers and cabinets. Then her mother heard her open the back
door and sneak out into the backyard. Her mother waited and waited. Finally, she called out to
Pina again.“Pina, did you cook like I told you to?” “No,” was the defiant response. “And
why not?” was her mom’s exasperated response. “Because I could not find the ladle,” was her
flippant reply. “Oh, you lazy child! You probably did not even bother to look for it! What am I
going to do with you? Here I am, sick, and I cannot even count on you!” Her mother wept
bitterly. In her anger, she shouted, “I wish you would grow a thousand eyes all over your head!
Then you can find what you’re looking for. Maybe then you won’t have any more excuses.” As
soon as she said this, there was complete silence. Her mother thought, “She is trying to be quiet so
I will forget about asking her again.” She sighed. She waited a little bit to see if Pina would come
back. Realizing the wait was futile, she wearily got up to do the cooking herself. When she looked
out into the backyard, Pina was nowhere to be found. She sighed again and said to herself, “That
lazy kid probably went to a friend’s house so she did not have to do any more errands for
me.”Exhausted from the exertion, she soon went back to her room for a much-needed rest. Weak
as she was, she just tried to do everything by herself, having given up on any help from Pina.
Hours passed by, and then days. Still no sign of her wayward daughter. With a heavy heart, she
thought that Pina had ran away for sure. When she finally recovered from her illness, the first
thing she did was look for Pina. No one had seen or heard from her. It was like she disappeared
into thin air. Months passed and still no sign of her. The mother felt bad for her angry outburst,
and she feared that she might probably never see her daughter again.
 One day, she was sweeping the backyard where Pina used to play. For months now, she had
noticed this strange plant growing on the very spot where she last saw Pina. By this time, the
leaves of the plant had fully opened. Inside, she saw this strange yellow fruit that resembled a
child’s head with a thousand eyes. A thousand eyes…She suddenly remembered the spiteful
words she used that fateful day. With horror, she realized that in the same way her mother’s love
had spoiled her daughter, so did her anger unwittingly curse her. Somehow, her daughter had
been turned into this plant.To honor the memory of her beloved daughter, she named the fruit
Pina. She took such loving care of it like it was her own daughter. The fruit flourished so well that
it bore more and more fruits, and became popular among the village and the entire country. Its
name later evolved to pinya, or pineapple in English. That’s how the pineapple came to be,
according to folklore, named after a spoiled child who was cursed with a thousand eyes…

C. Epiko/epic-IBALON

Ang Ibalon ay matandang pangalan ng Bikol.

Si Baltog, isang bantog na mandirigma, ay mula sa Batavara at naparaan sa Bikol.

Napamahal sa kanya ang Bikol dahil sa maganda nitong tanawin. Lumipas ang mga taon at siya
ay naging hari ng Ibalondia. Siya ay napamahal sa mga tao roon dahil sa siya’y ehavioain,
matapang at makatarungan.Sa gitna ng kasaganaan ay sumipot ang isang dambuhalang baboy-
ramo na pumuksa sa ani ng mamamayan at pumuti ng buhay ng maraming kawal. Si Baltog, ang
bayaning katulad ni Beowulf, ay siyang pumatay sa higanteng baboy-ramo. Nagbalik na muli sa
Ibalondia ang katahimikan.Nang tumanda si Baltog, sumipot naman sa Ibalondia ang mga
higanteng kalabaw, mga pating na lumilipad at buwayang ganggabangka. Si Handiong na
naparaan doon ang sumagip sa kahambal-hambal na katayuan ng kaharian. Pinagpapatay niya sa
tulong ng kanyang mga kawal ang mga damulag.May isang kaaway na hindi mapasuko ni
Handiong. Ito’y si Oriol na minsa’y ulupong at minsa’y nakabibighaning binibining nais
manlinglang. Siya’y hindi nagtagumpay kay Handiong. Hindi niya madaya ang bayani kaya
kanyang tinulungan ito upang lipulin ang mga salimaw, ang mga malignong mapanligalig. Si
Oriol ay naniniwala sa kasabihang “Kung hindi talehavioriisa sa layunin.”Ang kilabot na si Rabot
ay dumating sa Ibalondia. Kung kanyang maibigan, ang mga tao’y kanyang nagagawang pawang
bato. Sapagkat na si Handiong, ang humalili sa kanya na bagong tagapaehavis ay si Bantong.Ang
dambuhala ay napatay ng makapangyarihang espada ng bagong manunubos. Dahil sa labanan,
ang lupa ay yumanig at umalon ang karagatan. Nang matapos ang malagim na sagupaan, namalas
na may maliliit na pulo sa dagat sa kalapit ng Ibalondia. Nagbago ng landas ang Ilog Inarinan.
Ang bundok ng Bato ay lumubog at ito’y naging lawa. Namalas sa gitna ng mga sira-sirang
paligid ang isang umuusok nehavioan. Iyan ang Bulkan ng Mayon ngayon.

D. tula
Haiku
 Pag ako,y Umibig

Pangit man ako,

Ako,y mabuting tao
Para sa iyo
Pagsisilbihan,
Ika'y aalagaan,
Di ka iiwan.
Mamahalin ka
At iingatan kita
'Kaw lang sapat na
'’oy Tapat sayo
Mahalin mo ako o,
iniibig ko

luha
tulo ng ’uha
kay sakit na makita
 na wala na siya
masaya na siya
may mahal na syang iba
masakit diba?
yehaviiwan ka,
dating kayo'y wala na.
kay sakit diba?
Wag kalimutan,
Ating pinagsamahan,
Mahal, paalam’

Bukid
Ako'y tumanda,
Sa bukid na kay ganda
 Hangin presko pa!

Isang paraiso,
Pupunta ’ayo dito
Para maglaro
Magandang tanim,
At Baka na matulin
Ating purihin.
Kayganehav bukid,
At kaygandang paligid
Walang balakid.

Ang likha ng diyos

'Sang Kalikasan
Dapat nating ingatan
 Ito'y tahanan
Isang tahanan
Wala na tay’ng iba
Dapat tandaan.
Puno’y itanim
At ’ting maiwasan
Labis na baha
Isipin natin
Mga ating ginagawa
Sa kalikasan.

Nanay
ehaviong ang gabay,
Siya lang ang aking buhay,
 Mahal kong tunay.
Isang bayani.
Tinatama ang mali,
Kahit sandali.
Siya ang liwanag
Pag ibig nag aalab,
Siya ang pangarap.

Tanaga
"Aehaviyo lamang"
'koy ibigin mong tunay
Puso'y handang ialay
ikaw man ah ”agb’go
Asahan mo ”i’lalayo.

"Sawi."
Gusto ko ’anehavioil.
Napapagod din ako.
Kung nalalaman mo lang
Lah”t ng ”iniis ko.

"Pangakong Napako"

Ang pangakong, napako;

 Ang tuwid, liku-liko.
Nangagtiwal”ng tao,
Ginagong” pagbabago.

Diona
Kaibigan
Sila'y maaasahan,
Palagi silang nandiyan
Di ka iiwanan.

Pag aaral
Asahan mong m’hirap,
Para sayong pangarap
Tagumpay malalasap.
Ikaw ay dapat magbago
Buhay ay limitado
Kaya't maging totoo

Malikhaing sining
Magbilang ng mga bituin sa langit’Sungkitin ang buwan sa gabing tahimik
Maglubid ng mga buhangin sa dagat
 Gumawa ng hagdan patungo sa ulap

Sama bato ng pitak magpunla't magtanim

Ang bubot na bunga'y hinungin sa tingin
Saehavio sa bulag, awit’n ang bingi
Makipagdaldalan s’ kasamang pipi

Hintayin dumatal ang asam na lugod,

Kahit Ang darating ibayong lungkot.
Ang papel na rosal pamulaklakin
Pigtalin sa tangkay mabangong samyuin

Magbawas ng impresyon
At palawigin ang impormasyon
Sa gawain ay mabigyang kaalaman
Sa ginawang tala aralan.

Paalam
Paalamehaviing sinisinta ng paaralan
na sa pusoy laging sinasabi ng ito ay aking tahanan
mga gintong nakaraan na aking maiiwehaviobang ang aking natutunan ay aking mamahalin at
intuturing na isang yaman
 Paalam na mga gurong itinuring na magulang
na masipag na nagturo walang sawang sumabay bay;
ipinunla ng ang binhi nitong gintong karununga'y
didilig sa twina ng kalinga't pagmaehavi
Paalam na kaibigan at aking na’ing kamag aral
Tuklas ng tali’o at kabalikat at katuwang;
Naging masaya ehavioting sandaling mga karanasan
Ay isa ng kahapon at nag aaliw sa aking kalooban

Paalam Na paaralan, mga gurong minamahal

Mga kaibigan at kamag aral;
Sa hinagpis at biro ng kapalaran,
Maging matibay sa pagtuklas ng magandang kinabukasan.

"Isang makata"

Ako'y isang manunulat

Buong puso na gumagawa ng tula para sa”lahat
"Malay”ng ta’udturan"ang kadalasan kong sinusulat
Iba't-ibang paksa, iba't-i”ang pamagat.
 Di ma” gaano katalinghaga ang ginagami’ kong salita
Di ma’ ako tulad ng iba na"Makata"
Pero pipilitin kong sa puso mo ito'y magmarka
Ako'y magsisilbing ta”da at ”aalala.

Sa lahat ng tula na aking ’inawa

Papel at’tinta lang ang aking kasangga
Isang paraan para mailalabas ko ang lahat ng aking nadadama
Na kadalasa'y tungkol sa pag-ibig at kalupitan ng tadhana.

Kaya isa lang aking adhikai’

Sana pahalagahan ang bawat piyesang ihahain
At kung maging malamlam man iyong damdamin
Andito lang ulit ako handang sumulat ng tulang pandamdamin.

“ Tulang Malaya "

Para tayonehaviog hindi tugma ,

ipilit man nati'y hindi akma ,
Ang mga“linyang sikat na sati'y tumama
Hatid ay sakit at p’ngungulila
 Siguro'y tama na , wag ng umasa ’a
Na sa huling pahina tayo'y magkasama
Tama na ’ng sakit , sana'y wala ng dusa
Ang sapitin mo , nati’g dalawa

Bahala na sa lahat ang ati’g Bathala

Sana'y pagtagpuin sa sunod na kabanata
Ngunit sana'y tanehavior sa sunod na p’hina
Ang pag-ibig ko sayo'y hindi mawawala

P’alam na mahal, sating tulang malaya ,

Buo man ang kwe’to'y hindi padin tama
Sa desisyong ito'y hindi paehavikapaniwala
Na minahal’ka noon , pero ngayo'y pinaubaya .

Friends lang?
Hoy! Oo gusto kita
May problema ba?
Di’ko naman sinadya
Ayaw ko lang mapahiya

Kaya ko itinago
 Peehaviorban ay nabigo
Di ko na kasi mapigilan
Kahit na sa tulad ko ay kaibigan lang

Pasensya na nagkagusto ako sayo

Sana maiintindihan mo ako
Di sa pagmamagaling pero matalino ako
Utak ko'y kay daling turuan

Dalawang minuto palang akin ng natandaan

Pero bakit i’ong puso ko di ko man lang matehavi
Pano ba makalimutan
Yung nararamdaman sa dapat ay kaibigan lang

"Before pronouncing which you cherished me"

Saying "I love you" is not just ”asy,
It is not a toy, merely give to anyb”dy,
It i“ not a thi”g simply to throw away,
But a sacred word you have to say genuinely and wholeheartedly,

Don't say that you love me without having experimentation,

 Proven data, realiza’ion and clever interpretation,
If you love me then prove it, don't make your own prediction,
Do a research about me, don't assure by your ow’ observation,

The word Love has a four process,

It is ’o Learn, Observe, Verify, then Express,
Don't shortcut it to avoid misinterpretation of your feelings,
Love me by your’heart and not by your senses,

I didn't need a woman who has a higher physical attraction,

A woman who is magnifi’ent and has a higher position,
I just need a woman who can fulfill these two qualification,
"A woman who can accept my imperfection and can love me for no reason",
So,”before saying that you loved me,
Find the worst in me that you didn't”see.

Teacher
She teach us the finest forms of art,
And she always ’mbody a pure heart.
God created her to help us understand his world,
Everything we discover are beauty, that comes from her soul.

Thank you for helping us,

 Thank you for guiding us.
Thank you for leading our way,
And thank you for inspiring us everyday.

Although we are so hard headed,

But you still loved and understand us.
Thank you for the sacrifices you've done,
And the care and loved you have shown.

Our dearest Teachers thank’you for everything,

Be kind and be patient until the end.
Be brave in the journey of life,
Because our God is always there to guide.

" Let's combat together "

I never thought that all this were happening
So ma”y li’es were deceased a“d losing
Many people were injured and suffering
Because of this pandemic who change our living

A crisis who came without our expectation

 Killed many people all over the nation
Bring tears into our eyes, lost our anticipation
Gives too much pain, which is difficult to moved on

We must motivate to one another

"God is powerful !", always remember
We can surpass all of this through our ”rayer
So never lo”s hope, let's fight together

Show your love and compassion

Learn to inspire and give m’tivation
Don't be afraid, just increase your determination
Let's do it together, to sav’ our nation.

"Module"
Modules are not jus’ a piece of paper,
Not just a document or a tes” quest”oner,
It is an instrument made for every learner,
For them to study even life gets harder,

But many students didn't realize its importance,

 They're lack of understanding and acceptance,
For’them module will never give ac’uaintance,
It is just a learning material with no assurance,

We need to adjust and accept the new normal,

To ensure our safeties at this world of crucial,
Think wisely, be responsible, and be more critical,
Life becomes indigent, we don't have to be judgemental,

Modules teaches us to be more independent,

Givin’ you a chance to show your own intellect,
It Challenged your honesty so don't ever cheat,
Appreciate it's importance and you're realize that it's reall’ worth it.

"I wond’r if it is true"

Wh’n you came in my l’fe

I knew that you were be m” last
Choosing you is ”ot an option,For you are the reason,
Why i feel that im a lucky person.
 And when I look into your eyes,
I see pure beauty with no disguise.
Just a glance at you makes my heartbeat rise.
I know for a fact that these feelings aren't lies.

If only you know

How much my love is so true,
We could start some’hing memories of us.that can't be erase
Even days,months,years to pass,

Your love,my love will never f’de,

We will go to the perfect place.
Which i will tell you everything,And i hope your love will be forever
For im sure, I assure that i will love you much better.

Ay ay Piman

Napannan daydi maria clara a kunkunada

Napanannan daydi bistida nga aginggana't daga
Napanannan daydi balasanga a napnuan kinaemma
Napanannan daydi sanya’a ti agsapa a kunkunada
 Idi ipagel da ti makikinniben kiben
Ta isu kano dayta ti pakaalaan ti ubing
Ngem ita ubing payen nga umuna ti aramiden
Sakbay a sumango iti sangwanan ni Apo Padi'n

Idi daguiti babbalasang mapanda haranaen

Mapanda pay isakduan no iti mum’lemen
Isagutan da pay iti lubi lubi wenno kankanen
Nagasat ni manong baro no innanto mapag - wen.

Ngem ania ngarud naglupos metten ti panawen

In-inut a nalipatan kina–adaanan nga ug-ugalin
Tattan selpon laengen ti aramaten da nga agarem
Ni ading balasang mayat latta metten nga ag-Wen.

Nakusnaw Nga Ayat

Nakehavipan daytoy pusok ti sipnget

Naipaidam kaniak ti lawag
Agpakadan ti ayatmo
Nakusnawen ti anniniwan.
 Ti panaginnayatta
Maiyarig ti billit ken umok
Pumanaw tunggal agsapa
Ngem agsubli ti rabii nga aginana.

Ti panaginnayatta
Maiyarig ti init
Lawaganna ti lubong
Ngem pumanaw met laeng dayta a lawag
Ti ipupusayna, mangrugi met ti pannakaipasngayna.

Daytoy pusok a malmalday

Nakitanan ti baro nga agsapa
Ngem apay ta kanayon agpinnakadata?
Nakusnaw latta nga ayat ti sumangbay kaniak.

Maudi Kan, Manang!

Pintasmo naisupsupadi
Magnaka nagseksi
Patongmo makagargari
Kasla dalluyon agkinni-kinni.
 Adu ti agrayo kenka
Babbaro, lallakay agkaraiwara
Umayda idaton kenka
Panagayatda nagpaiduma.

Ngem apay ta saanka a makapili?

Gapu kadi ta dida ammo agserbi
Ti kayatmo nga ayat a nasudi?
Wenno kaykayatmo ti maudi.

Ala manangko, agpabanglokan

Umaydaka manen bulbulatawan
Dagita agar-arem kenka a bulogan
Agtugawkan dita salas, agsikkawilkan.

Annad Laeng

Iti nadarasudos a panagsao

No saantayo nga usaren ti utektayo
Ken dagiti dua a bukel a matatayo
Por dios por santo, bukod a bagi ti mairubo.
 No inka agiyebkas ti balikas
Alwadan kasla uni ti armalite a napardas
Dinto ket sikanto ti agkuripaspas
Guyab-guyabannaehavinaatap a banyas.

Saanka nga agbuteng uray nabuntogka

Agtrabaho man nga usaren dagiti mata
Bay-am isuda nga umuna
Ta iti panagbiag saan a linnumba.

Balikas nga Iluko nagpaiduma

No daytoy ket ikumpara ti sabali a daga
Maysa laeng a letra nagdumaan, naspak ti raya-raya
Kilo ken killo, makitam kadi ti nagdumaanda?

Sika Laeng

Saankan nga agsangit dungngo

Umayka agsadag ditoy barukongko
Iwalinko dagita nalamuyot a buok mo
Punasak dagita lulwam daytoy panyo.
 Isapatak kenka sika laeng innak ayaten
Aginnaddayo ta man, saan agsarak nabayag a panawen
Aginnurayta uray mano a tawen
Laglagipem agsubliakto met laeng.

Uray apagdarikmat a kanito

Ibatik kenka maysa nga agekko
Riknaem ti nabara a panagayatko
Sapay koma ta saanka agbalbaliw dungngo.

Kayatko makita dagita nasam-it nga isem

Saanka a madanagan kanayonkanto a laglagipenehavilaeng ti innaI patpatgen
Urayennak, sakripisyo apagbiit laeng.

Rerflection
 Discipline and
Ideas in Social
Science

Defining Social Sciences as the study of society introducing

the disciplines within the Social Sciences

1. Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of what makes us human. Anthropologists take a broad
approach to understanding the many different aspects of the human experience, which we call
holism. They consider the past, through archaeology, to see how human groups lived hundreds or
thousands of years ago and what was important to them.

2. Economics

E-ducation is important to teach people how to uses money.

C-onstruction is essential for economy and life.
O-lives are in the Primary sector.
N-ormally the Government in Sapain is not very good at Economy.
O-ne of the most important service activity in Spain and Tourism.
M-anufacturing industries transform raw materials in to products.
I-nactive population are the people who cannot work, too many inactive populations is not good
for the economy.

C-onstruction is very important for the economy and it is on the secondary sector.
S-ectors of Economy.

3. Geography

What Is Geography?
 When you think about geography, what comes to mind? The first thing most people think
of is maps. And that certainly isn't bad, because geography is very much focused on space and
position. It foc’ses on questions like where things are relative to each other and why that matters.
But geography isn't about creating maps (that's cartography). Geography is concerned with
how’space and position affect t’ings shown on maps. Why is a river where it is? Why is a town
where it is? Are the river and town related? These are the kinds of questions geography asks. But
there is much more to geography.

Geography concerns itself with the Earth's atmosphere and physical surface, including
how humans affect those things’and, in turn, are affected by them. So, humans are right there in
the definition, being part of the landscape. In modern times, humans impact the landscape more
than any other force on earth. Therefore, understanding how and why humans affect this, as well
as the way the landscape affects our lives, is valuable and important.

4. History
Social Science History advances the study of the past, publishing peer-reviewed original
articles that combine empirical research with theoretical work, undertake comparisons across time
and distance, or contribute to the development of quantitative or qualitative methods of analysis.

5. Linguistics
Linguistic anthropology' is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of language as
a cult’ral resource and speaking as a cultural practice. It assumes that the human language faculty
is a cognitive and a social achievement that provides the intellectual tools for thinking and acting
in the world.

6. Political Science
Political science focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the local,
state, national, and international levels. We are dedicated to developing understandings of
institutions, practices, and relations that constitute public life and modes of inquiry that promote
citizenship.

7. Psychology
What is psychology?
Psychology deals with the human mind and behavior, bridging the divide between social
science and natural science. Psychology majors study human development, social behaviors, and
emotions, which draw on social science methods. Certain subfields align more with the social
sciences than others.

What is the importance of psychology in social science?

Essentially, psychology helps people in large part because it can explain why people act
the way they do. With this kind of professional insight, a psychologist can help people improve
their decision making, stress management and behavior based on understanding past behavior to
better predict future behavior.

8. Sociology and Demography

What is Sociology?
Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. Sociology’s subject
matter is diverse, ranging from crime to religion, from the family to the state, from the divisions
of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture, and from social stability to
radical change in whole societies. Unifying the study of these diverse subjects of study is
sociology’s purpose of understanding how human action and consciousness both shape and are
shaped by surrounding cultural and social structures.

Sociology is an exciting and illuminating field of study that analyzes and explains
important matters in our personal lives, our communities, and the world. At the personal level,
sociology investigates the social causes and consequences of such things as romantic love, racial
and gender identity, family conflict, deviant behavior, aging, and religious faith. At the societal
level, sociology examines and explains matters like crime and law, poverty and wealth, prejudice
and discrimination, schools and education, business firms, urban community, and social
movements. At the global level, sociology studies such phenomena as population growth and
migration, war and peace, and economic development.
reflection
Discipline and
Ideas in Applied
Social Science
The Historical Context Of The Emergence Of Each
Discipline Dominant Approaches And Ideas

1. Structural-Functionalism

structural functionalism, in sociology and other social sciences, a school of thought

according to which each of the institutions, relationships, roles, and norms that together constitute
a society serves a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and
of society as a whole. In structural functionalism, social change is regarded as an adaptive
response to some tension within the social system. When some part of an integrated social system
changes, a tension between this and other parts of the system is created, which will be resolved by
the adaptive change of the other parts.

structural functionalism, in sociology and other social sciences, a school of thought

according to which each of the institutions, relationships, roles, and norms that together constitute
a society serves a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and
of society as a whole. In structural functionalism, social change is regarded as an adaptive
response to some tension within the social system. When some part of an integrated social system
changes, a tension between this and other parts of the system is created, which will be resolved by
the adaptive change of the other parts.
2. Marxism

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of

historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and
social conflict as well as a dialectical perspective to view social transformation.

Principles
The Marxism ideology is a theory about the primacy of economic distinctions and class
struggle in the course of human events. Thus, one of the primary principles of Marxism is that the
modes of production and the relationships of exchange form the base of society, i.e., its primary
features.

Perspective
What Is Marxism? Marxism is a social, political, and economic philosophy named after
Karl Marx. It examines the effect of capitalism on labor, productivity, and economic development
and argues for a worker revolution to overturn capitalism in favor of communism.

3. Symbolic Interactionism

Symbolic interaction is a process that is enlivened the reciprocal meaning and values by
aid of the symbols in the mind. Meanings constitute of reciprocal interaction between persons.
Objects don't have meaning on their own. But objects get their meanings from the social’actors.

Perspective
Symbolic interaction is one of the several theories in the social sciences. According to this
theory, people live both in the natural and the symbolic environment. Symbolic interaction is a
process that is enlivened the reciprocal meaning and values by aid of the symbols in the mind.
Founder
Symbolic interaction was conceived by George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley.
Mead argued that people's selves are social products, but that these selves are also purposive and
’reative, and believed that the true test of any theory was that it was "useful in solving complex
social problems".

Family
Symbolic interactionist“ argue that shared activities help to bui”d emotional bonds, and
that marriage and family relationships are based on negotiated meanings. The interactionist
perspective emphasizes that families reinforce and rejuvenate bonds through symbolic rituals such
as family meals and holidays.

4. Psychoanalysis
What is psychoanalysis?
Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques that deal in part with the
unconscious mind, and which together form a method of treatment for mental disorders.

What is the main focus of psychoanalysis?

The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e.,
make the unconscious conscious.

Is psychoanalysis still used?

Psychoanalysis as a therapy became somewhat marginalized decades ago as biological and
behavioral approaches gained recognition, but plenty of mental health professionals still practice
some variation of it, and Freud's ideas are crucial in a wide spectrum of therapies today.

How does psychoa’alysis help in understanding human behavior?

Psychoanalysts help clients tap into their unconscious mind to recover repressed emotions
and deep-seated, sometimes forgotten experiences. By gaining a better understanding of their
subconscious mind, patients acquire insight into the internal motivators that drive their thoughts
and behaviors.
5. Rational Choice
Rational choice theory refers to a set of guidelines that help understand economic and
social behaviour. The theory originated in the eighteenth century and can be
tracedehaviorpolitical economist and philosopher, Adam Smith.

Sociology
Rational choice theory explains social phenomena as outcomes of individual choices that
canin some way be construed as rational. Choices are “rational” if they meet some consistency
criterion as defined by a decision theory and are suitable to achieve specific goals, given the
constraints of the situation.

Economics
Rational choice theory can apply to a variety of areas, including economics, psychology
and philosophy. This theory states that individuals use their self-interests to make choices that
will provide them with the greatest benefit. People weigh their options and make the choice they
think will serve them best.

Perspective
Rational actors are the individuals in an economy who make rational choices based on
calculations and the information that is available to them. Rational actors form the basis of
rational choice theory.

Government
Overview. The basic premise of rational choice theory is that the decisions made by
individual actors will collectively produce aggregate social behaviour. The theory also assumes
that individuals have preferences out of ehavior choice alternatives. These preferences are
assumed to be complete and transitive.

6. Institutionalism
What is the basic concept of institutionalism?
Institutionalism. Institutionalism is a general approach to governance and social science. It
concentrates on institutions and studies them using inductive, historical, and comparative
methods. Social science, no matter how one defines it, has from its inception put great emphasis
on the study of institutions.
What is an institutionalism approach?
Institutionalism, in the social sciences, an approach that emphasizes the role of
institutions.

What is institutionalism examples?

An example of institutionalism is when an institution is given rights and powers that
individual people do not have. An example of institutionalism is the use of large institutions
instead of smaller group homes for the care and treatment of the mentally ill.

What are the different types of institutionalism?

contends that there four types of institutional approaches, namely rational choice,
historical, sociological and discursive institutionalisms. Rational choice institutionalism presumes
that actors have fixed preferences and act rationally to maximize their preferences.

7. Feminist Theory
What is the meaning of feminist theory?
Feminist theory often focuses on analyzing gender inequality. Themes often explored in
feminist theory include discrimination, objectification (especially sexual objectification),
oppression, patriarchy, stereotyping, art history and contemporary art, and aesthetics.

What is the main view of feminist theory?

Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical or philosophical discourse. It
aims to understand the nature of gender inequality, and examines women's social roles,
experiences, and interests.

Why is feminist theory importan’?

Feminist theory helps us better understand and address unequal and oppressive gender
relations.

What are the main ideas of feminism?

Feminism focuses on the idea that since women comprise one-half of the world
population, true social progress can never be achieved without the complete and spontaneous
participation of women. Feminist ideals focus on what culture is like for women as compared to
what the world is like for men.
What is the strength of feminist theory?
On the other hand the biggest strength of feminism is that in many ways it is self-
critiquing. Feminist theory is pliable and accommodating when it comes to an oppressed group
that feels unrepresented within another oppressed group. Feminism is not static but fluid in many
ways.

8. Hermeneutical Phenomenology
What is hermeneutical phenomenology?
Hermeneutic phenomenology is focused on subjective experience of individuals and
groups. It is an attempt to unveil the world as experienced by the subject. througI their life world
stories. This school believes that interpretations Are all we have and description itself is an
interpretive process.

What is hermeneutical phenomenology and hermeneutic analysis?

The aims of phenomenology are to clarify, describe, and make sense of the structures and
dynamics of pre-reflective human experience, whereas hermeneutics aims to articulate the
reflective character of human experience as it manifests in language and other forms of creative
signs.

How does hermeneutic phenomenology being used today?

Hermeneutic phenomenology has been used widely by researchers to understand lived
experiences. This methodology asserts that individual people are as unique as their life stories.
The practice of midwifery is underpinned by a philosophy that values women and the uniqueness
of their child-bearing journey.

9. Human-Environment Systems

Human-environment systems. Systems which combine both human and natural

components to show complex interactions, and feedback between them, are called human-
environment systems. The most internationally accepted framework for studying such systems is
the DPSIR model (drivers, pressures, state, impact, response).
What is importance of human environment system?
People modify the environment for their purposes and obtain benefits (Ecosystem
Services) from it. These Ecosystem Services are essential for human well-being and include for
example the provision of resources like water, timber, food, energy, information, land for farming
and many more.

What is the focus of human environment system?

A focus on human environment systems drives interdisciplinary research and action
toward more complete and systematic evaluation of critical challenges and potential solutions that
work on the ground and at multiple scales.

How humans and the environment are connected to each other?

Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution,
burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil
erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.

reflection
Politics and
governance
 THE MOST ADMIRED PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

FERDINAND EMMANUEL EDRALIN MARCOS

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos was born on September

11, 1917, in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, to Mariano Marcos and Josefa
Edralin. Mariano Marcos was a lawyer and congressman from the
Philippines’ Ilocos Norte region. Josefa Marcos was a schoolteacher
who outlived her husband, dying in 1988, two years after the
Marcos family abandoned her at Malacaang Palace during the 1986
People Power Revolution and fled into exile. He was drawn and
quartered with the help of carabaos and his bones were left hanging
on a tree by Filipino guerillas in 1945 for being a Japanese
propagandist and collaborator during World War II.

Ferdinand was baptized in the Philippine Independent Church at the age of three, but was later
baptized in the Catholic Church. Marcos shared a home with Carmen Ortega, an Ilocana mestiza
who was Miss Press Photography in 1949. They had three children and lived at 204 Ortega Street
in San Juan for nearly two years. Their engagement was reported in the Manila newspapers in
August 1953.

Why I admired him?

I admired him because he is a good leader. During his time there is no more than one beggar
because in his time no Filipino Is experiencing hunger and there is no crime. I really admired
him because our country is the one richest country in his time. I wonder why people are blaming
him for the things that he did not do where in fact he did all his best to serve the country
Philippines. His wealth is not from the country because our country do not have that such of
money. I believe that there are still many people supporting him and his family. He is also hero to
me because he serve the country and protect the country. Before no one can beat Philippines
because in his time Philippines is called the tiger of asia. During his time money is so expensive
compared now money is so cheap. For me if marcos will not be replaced as early as cory
replaced him, there would still a progressive country no hunger, no crime, and just a united
country.
Reflection:
 Introduction to
the World religion

Religion
Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that relate
humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. Many religions have narratives,
symbols, traditions, and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the
origin of life or the universe.

Religion helps in building values like love, empathy, respect and harmony. In our life.
Religion serves as our sword to fight the darkness that came in our life. We have many religion
but, In reality we believe in one God. The only difference in our religion is the way we believe
and different kind of believing. The purposes of the practice of a religion are to achieve the goals
of salvation for oneself and others, and (if there is a God) to render due worship and obedience to
God. Different religions have different understandings of salvation and God. Religion teaches
you a set of practices to live by, such as being kind to others, telling the truth, or praying. ...
Something that all religions have in common is that they are based on faith, which is being
confidently sure about something even if you cannot see it. Religion is very important to human
life. Religious person will have a better life and a better life after death.

Christianity
 Historical Background:

The history of Christianity unfolds organically through time. It is commonly understood to

begin with Jesus, who was born two thousand years ago. However, because Jesus was Jewish,
some date Christianity’s roots much further back, to the beginnings of Judaism. Christianity
originated with the ministry of Jesus, a Jewish teacher and healer who proclaimed the imminent
kingdom of God and was crucified in Jerusalem in the Roman province of Judea. His followers
believe that, according to the Gospels, he was the Son of God and that he died for the forgiveness
of sins and was raised from the dead and exalted by God, and will return soon at the inception of
God's kingdom.

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of

Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest religion, with about 2.4 billion followers. Its adherents,
known as Christians, make up a majority of the population in 157 countries and territories, and
believe that Jesus is the Christ, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew
Bible, called the Old Testament in Christianity, and chronicled in the New Testament.

 Belief and practices:

Prayer and ritual
Prayer
Prayer is the means by which Christians communicate with their God.

The New Testament records that Jesus taught his disciples how to pray and that he encouraged
them to address God as Father. Christians believe that they continue this tradition.Sometimes the
prayers are formal and part of a ritual laid down for hundreds of years.

The Church
The Christian church is fundamental to believers. Although it has many faults it is recognised as
God's body on earth.The church is the place where the Christian faith is nurtured and where the
Holy Spirit is manifest on earth.

Baptism

The Christian church believes in one baptism into the Christian church, whether this be as an
infant or as an adult, as an outward sign of an inward commitment to the teachings of Jesus.
Eucharist

Eucharist is a Greek word for thanksgiving. Its celebration is to commemorate the final meal that
Jesus took with his disciples before his death (the Last Supper).

Christian beliefs concerning God

 There is only one God
 God is a Trinity of Father, Son and Holy Spirit
1. God is perfect
 God is omnipotent
 God is everywhere

They also believed in:

 The son,
The son is the one who save the world form sins. He became the instrument of God to
make people change their lives.
 The holy spirit,
The Holy Spirit continues to guide, comfort, and encourage Christians.
 Sacred scriptures, Sacred things, Sacred persons

The Bible:
The old testament
 The Old Testament is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is
based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew writings
by the Israelites believed by most Christians and religious Jews to be the sacred Word of God.

The new testament

The New Testament is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It
discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity.

Ten commandments

A scripture given by God to moses that should be avide by the people.

Sacred things
1 Bible. The Bible, which Christians believe is the word of God, is one of the religion's most
sacred objects

2 Cross. The cross, a simple geometric shape made up of two bars, is arguably the most
universally recognized religious symbol in the world.

3 Rosary

4 Holy Water

5 Mythological Relics
Sacred persons
1. The father

2. The son

3. The holy Spirit

 Prayer and songs

1. Our father
2. Nicene creed
3 . One bread, One Body
4. Hail Mary, Gentle Woman
5. Sign of the cross

Reflection:
 Community
engagement

Gains in Understanding Community Dynamics:

1. Provides benchmarking data:

 Before undertaking any community action or development intervention like a community
project, it is important to establish benchmark data. The data illustrates the preliminary picture or
image of the community. It serves as the initial community stationer or briefer.

2.provides preliminary project planning information:

To be able to produce a design or plan for the project, it is necessary to secure community
information and feedback needed for conceptualization. Understanding community dynamics is
the key to a sound and relevant community development plan. A community development action
plan includes strategies and actions meant to enhance the quality of life in a community.

3. Provides an idea of the community's strengths and challenges:

An in-depth understanding of the community's strengths and challenges guides the

community based project development team to identify the strengths and possible loopholes of the
project design. Thus, it will make the design more feasible and realistic. The project development
team involves the key stakeholders in the community such as the community leaders and the
representatives of the people who will be directly or indirectly affected by the project
implementation, as well as external members such as community development agency
representatives and external consultants.

4. Provides an opportunity to understand the community's dominant rules and norms:

The success or failure of a community project more often than not is strongly affected by
the prevailing rules and norms in the community. The intensity or degree of reactions or
sensitivities of the community members is affected by these rules and norms, A successful
community development project requires a consideration of these rules and norms.

5. provides an occasion to gauge the attitude and behavior of the community:

An understanding of the community members' attitude and behavior will give the project
development team an idea whether it can be negotiated with the people

6. provides a way for a more directed and well-informed dialogue with the community:

If one is an outsider in a target community for project development, a crucial activity one
should undertake is dialogue with the community, the quality of the dialogue would depend on
how well-informed or how knowledgeable the outsiders are on the community situation issues.
Project development is a process of creating or innovating ideas, interventions, and technologies
that would respond to a particular need or problem in the community.

7. makes networking and partnership building more favorable:

By having an idea of the different advocacy and interest groups in the community, it is easier for
people from schools, institutions or groups to partner with local networks or association

8.gets project implementation less complicated

Without a good grasp of the community they are aimed at, project development and
implementation become complicated and stressful. The project implementation plan includes the
steps and processes that must be taken into consideration when implementing the project. An
understanding of the community will tell the project development and implementation team what
not to do or what to be more concerned of.

Week 2

"What is community dynamics?"

Community Dynamics - refer to the changes that occur in the community power structures and
community population composition over time.
1. Community Power Structures are hierarchical interrelationships that govern the interaction of
individuals among each other within a localized group setting (Shively 1994a, Kuponiyi 2008).
For example:

In a village or a barangay, the community power structures can be observed in the

hierarchical interrelationship between the barangay chairperson and his or her constituents,
between the elite and the financially poor members of the community, or between the adult and
young members of the community.

In such interrelationships, it is usually the barangay chairperson, the elite, and the adult
members of the community who are considered dominant - such that they have power over their
aforementioned counterparts (barangay constituents, the poor, and the younger members of the
community, respectively).

But such hierarchical interrelationships can change over time, especially the barangay
constituents reject the leadership of their barangay chairperson and install another one through
elections; When the poor revolts against the elite or an elite falls into poverty; when the young
ones rebel against the adult members of the community; or when the adult grows into old age and
loses control over the young, who transitions to being an adult.

2. Community Population Composition refers to common demographic variables that describe

the size, distribution, and characteristics of the population such as age structure, sex composition,
educational level, marital status, economic status, employment status, and ethnicity classification,
to name a few. Just like community power structures, the composition of people in the community
can also change overtime.

Factors Resulting to Community Dynamics:

But what could be the reasons behind the occurrence of community dynamics?
 As it is generally accepted that change is ever constant, we could likewise expect power
structures and population composition in a community to change - either in a slow or rapid
manner - over time.

Factors affecting changes in community power structures are authority and influence
(Power 1975; USDA 2005), while the factors affecting changes in community population
composition are fertility, mortality and migration. (Bruijn 2006; Davis 1949).

Week 3

Classification of communities

Rural Similarities Urban

A rural area is an 1)Both the Rural An urban
open swath of and Urban community is
land that has few Societies have an one that's in a
homes or other education city or town: lots
buildings, and system. 2)Both of people live
not very many the Rural and there, and there
people. A rural Urban Societies are lots of
areas population have jobless and different kinds of
density is very poor people. buildings close
low. Many 3)Both the Rural together. A
people live in a and Urban suburb is a place
city, or urban Societies have where people
area. Their cheaters. 4)Both live just outside
homes and the Rural and of a city or town.
businesses are Urban Societies
located very have rich people.
close to one
another.

Week 4

"What is action plan?"

Community Action - A community of people who are experiencing the same

goal and action.

It is a manifestation of collective grasp and ownership of a situation - a situation that generally
has an effect on the. This means a situation that touches their sense and sensibilities as individuals
and as a group.

It is a collective efforts done by people directed toward addressing social problems (e.g., social
inequalities, environmental degradation, and poverty in order to achieve social well-being.

Community action can take the form of community engagement and solidarity, which bolster
citizenship in the process.

The changes brought about by community action can be understood by learning the concepts,
factors, and theories of social change. What are the ingredients of community action?

Week 5

S-cattered halves have become comrades,

o- great modern noises,
l-abor sweetens life at all times,
i-accept without the usual jokes.

D-ame, though horrified Gypsies,

a-community of thinking creatures,
r-ainbows will color their robes,
i-admire men who have gone seventies.
T-alk to your enemies,
y-ou do not need to believe what an artist says, but what it does.

"What is community development?"

Is defined as a process wherein community members come together to take the collective
action and generate solutions to common problems and pursue community well-being (economic,
social, environmental and cultural). Ford (1987) outlined and described significant features of
CD. These are summarized in the table below.
Reflection:
 trends

FAD
 Something that people are highly interested in for a relatively short period of time or has no
long-term implications.
 Comes and goes.
 Transitory and very limited in scope. They only affect a particular group or region and has no
long-term implications.
 Something that people are highly interested in for a relatively short period of time or has no
long-term implications.
 Spread quickly, but disappear equally quickly
 TREND
 Is a sequential pattern of change in recorded date—a change evidenced by a rise or fall
of variables when measured between at least two points over time (Gordon, 2008)
 Trend must pass basic test of significance; a change that affects a wide range of people
and that has broad social, economic, cultural, spiritual, and political implications.
 Is a directed movement or behaviour
 Geared towards a certain direction.
 Implies change.
 Facilitates social change and development in societies.
 Operates as forces of social change.
 Operates as forces of social change.
 Every era offers a trend that seems to fade away as a new decade begins. Telephones
and beepers were once the communication trend, but were eventually replaced by cell
phones, tablets, and iPads.

MEGATREND

  Examples of Megatrend identified by

 A trend in global scale.
 Large social, economic, or political
changes that are SLOW TO FORM;
however, once in place, their influence
can last for decades (John Naisbitt, 1982).
 Not always created by a majority, but are
typically followed by a majority of society.
 Adhere to the economic principle of
globalization as a primary force for change
and growth in the world today.
Naisbitt (1982) and Paticia Aburdene
(1990)
 The Original Megatrend (1982)
 From an industrial society to an
information society
 From forced technology to high tech or
high-touch technology
 From a national economy to a world
economy
 From short term to long term

 Megatrend 2000 (1990) with P. Aburdene

 The booming global economy
 Renaissance in the art
 The emergence of free market socialism
 Global lifestyles and cultural Nationalism
 The rise of women in leadership
 The age of biology
 Religious revival
 Triumph of the individual

 MICROTRENDS


 Are introduced as the most powerful forces in our society (Penn, 2007)

ELEMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TREND TRENDS

(Leander P. Marquez, FAD
Characteristics
Attractive to the public because it APPEAL
is easy to get, makes them
look/feel better or does not
deviate much from the general
norms/status quo
Hyped or advertised (Usually by
Media), that is, if the hyped stops This pertains to the impact of a
then it also starts to disappear
Caters to and accepted by a
limited group of people
No clear established support
Persists only for a short period of
time (weeks to around few
months)
Limited to the area it relates to.
(e.g. clothing fads in relation to
fashion; movies in relation to
entertainment industry)
Element
degree of attraction causes on
people
RESULT
trend.
IMPACT refers to the ability of a
fad and trend to produce a
sustainable movement or change.
SCOPE
Indicates the extent of the
influence of a trend.
SUPPORT
Means the structure that enables
a trend to be sustainable.
SUSTAINABILITY
Refers to the length of time that a
Trend can continue to exist.
VALUE
Refers to the utility or usefulness
that can be derived from a trend.
Characteristics
Attractive to the public because it
is easy to get, makes them
look/feel better or does not
deviate much from the general
norms/status quo
Endures with or without publicity
Caters to and accepted by a wide
audience or a large group of
consumers.
Supported by a number of fads,
existing trends, and prevalent
socio-economic, political, and
religio-cultural factors.
Can be sustained for a long period
Extensive even as far as areas not
directly related to
(e.g. implication of market trends
affect, aside from business and
the economy, areas such as
education, health, environment,
government policy, and
technology, to name a few)
Reflection:
Creative non-
fiction
Final project in creative non-fiction

5 famous people

1. Kim Tae-hyung

Kim Taehyung or the world Known him by his Stage Name “V“. V is Wins the Title of “Most
Handsome Man in the world-2020” and Kim Taehyung age is 25 years as of 2021. He is a Koren
singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor.

V’s Date of Birth is December 30, 1995, and he was born in Daegu. Kim Taehyung is most
popular on social media by his stage name V. He is a member of the South Korean boy group
BTS and he is a vocalist in the BTS group. Kim Taehyung latest song will release in 2021 is
“SLLEP” (KTH1 SPOILER).

Kim Taehyung is currently living in south Seoul with younger siblings his younger sister Kim
Eon Jin and his brother Kim Jeong Gyu. Jeon Jungkook and Park Jimin are His Best Friend and
He says that Rm and Min Yoongi treat him like a kid.

This time v is most popular in male and females both because of his hairstyle, cute look, and
dancing style. People loved his style with blue Colour hairs. Kim Taehyung height 5 feet 9 inches
and 58 Kg body weight.

2. Lalisa manoban.

Lalisa Manoban (birth name: Pranpriya Manoban, born March 27, 1997 in Bangkok, Thailand)
better known by her stage name, Lisa, is a Thai rapper, singer and dancer, based in South Korea.
She is a member of Blackpink.
Her birth name is Pranpriya Manoban, she later legally changed her first name to Lalisa. Her
ethnicity and nationality is Thai. Lisa's biological parents' names have not been released to the
public, her stepfather is Marco Bruschweiler, a swiss renowned chef, active in Thailand.

As a child, Lisa was part of a dance group, that performed shows in her home country before she
made a successful audition to the YG Entertainment Competition in 2010 when she was only 13
years old. She ranked first place in the said competition, and was offered by Yang Hyun-suk to
become a YG Entertainment trainee, Lisa agreed to the offer. In 2011, she moved to South Korea,
to begin her formal training in performing, for her K-pop Idol career, which lasted five years.
During this time, she was a member of a dance group named We Zaa Cool along with fellow Thai
K-pop Idol trainees, Bambam and Ten.

In 2016, she took her stage name of Lisa and became the main dancer, lead rapper, a supporting
vocalist and the maknae of K-pop girl group, Blackpink, which debuted on August 8, 2016. Lisa
is also the first non-Korean YG Entertainment artist.

3. Lebron james

LeBron James is widely considered to be the best basketball player in the world and one of the
greatest players of all time. James has won three NBA championships, two Olympic gold medals,
and four league MVP titles. In 2017, Time magazine listed him as one of the 100 most influential
people in the world. James grew up in Akron, Ohio, where he continues to create generational
change through his LeBron James Family Foundation that focuses its efforts on helping youth
achieve a better future through education. In 2018, his foundation opened the I PROMISE School,
designed to help underprivileged students and their entire families succeed in school and beyond.

4. Kim Da Hyun

Dahyun was born in Seongnam, Gyeonggi, on May 28, 1998. She grew up with her parents and
she has an older brother. At a young age, she started singing with her Christian church choir.
Dahyun first attracted attention as a sixth-grader in elementary school with a dance at church
named the "eagle dance" which was posted on YouTube.Dahyun was recruited to become a
trainee for JYP Entertainment after a talent scout saw her performance at a dance festival, and she
subsequently trained with them for over three years.

In 2015, Dahyun competed in Sixteen, a reality television show created to select the members of
JYP Entertainment's new girl group. Dahyun was subsequently selected to join Twice, as one of
the nine successful participants in the competition. In October 2015, Twice officially debuted
with the release of their first mini-album, The Story Begins and the lead track "Like Ooh-Ahh". In
addition to regular singing, Dahyun serves as one of Twice's rappers, along with fellow group
member Chaeyoung.

In Gallup Korea's annual music poll for 2017, Dahyun was voted as the seventeenth most popular
idol in South Korea.

Dahyun graduated from Hanlim Multi Art School in 2017.In November 2018, Dahyun was
criticized by right-wing Japanese lawmaker Masaru Onodera for wearing a T-shirt made by
Marymond, an organization that raises funds for helping comfort women, victims of sexual
slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. In the aftermath, The Korea Times
criticized J. Y. Park, the founder of JYP Entertainment, for failing to speak up in her defense.

5. Kim Jong-in (kai)

Kim Jong-in (Korean: 김종인; born January 14, 1994), better known as Kai (Korean: 카이), is a
South Korean singer, model, actor, and dancer. He is a member of the South Korean-Chinese boy
group Exo, its sub unit Exo-K, and South Korean supergroup SuperM. He debuted as a soloist in
November 2020 with the release of his extended-play, Kai. Apart from his musical career, Kai has
also starred in various television dramas such as Choco Bank (2016), Andante (2017), and Spring
Has Come (2018). Kai is widely considered to be one of the best dancers of South Korea and K-
pop.

20 science facts

1. There is enough DNA in the average person’s body to stretch from the sun to Pluto and back —
17 times.
2. The average human body carries ten times more bacterial cells than human cells.

3. It takes a photon up to 40,000 years to travel from the core of the sun to its surface, but only 8
minutes to travel the rest of the way to Earth.

4. At over 2,000 kilometers long, The Great Barrier Reef is the largest living structure on Earth.

5. There are 8 times as many atoms in a teaspoonful of water as there are teaspoonfuls of water in
the Atlantic Ocean.

6. The average person walks the equivalent of five times around the world in a lifetime.

7. When Helium is cooled to almost absolute zero (-460°F or -273°C, the lowest temperature
possible), it becomes a liquid with surprising properties: it flows against gravity and will start
running up and over the lip of a glass container.

8. If Betelgeuse (the star) exploded, transitioning from the red supergiant stage to supernova, it
would light our sky continuously for two months. And it could happen anytime — within a couple
of thousand years, tomorrow or even now.

9. An individual blood cell takes about 60 seconds to make a complete circuit of the body.

10. The known universe is made up of 50,000,000,000 galaxies.

11. If you drilled a tunnel straight through the Earth and jumped in, it would take you exactly 42
minutes and 12 seconds to get to the other side.

12. A medium-sized cumulus cloud weighs about the same as 80 elephants.

13. A single bolt of lightning contains enough energy to cook 100,000 pieces of toast.

14. In an average lifetime, human skin completely replaces itself 900 times.

15. Human saliva contains a painkiller called opiorphin that is six times more powerful than
morphine.

16. Gorillas and potatoes have two more chromosomes than humans do.
17. Sound travels about 4 times faster in water than in air.

18. In a full grown rye plant, the total length of roots may reach 380 miles (613 km).

19. The longest living cells in the body are brain cells which can live an entire lifetime.

20. The human brain is 78% water.

10 poems about myself

"How i feel pain"

We used to call it love

We used to tell each other how it was from the skies above

While sitting under the bow-like moon below

Our hearts were together one bright star in the endless skies of night.

I used to kiss your pink soft lips

I used to hold your soft sweet palms

I used to tell us stories of love birds that I never ever knew if exist

That was just for love.

I used to look always deep in to your enchanting blue eyes

Though I had nothing, you made my life a paradise

Dreaming of walking you down the isle

Made my days gorgeous as I loved it on the other side.

I used to sing sweet love songs for you everyday we met

I brought you always a rose eventhough you deserved morethan that

We believed in together forever and felt that was right

For love conquered each and every negativity our minds could ever conceive.
But for what reason darkness started massaging the light of our love

You started seeing another man eventhough you till called me love

You kept late nights but still I will wait for you at the door

You were breaking me but still I believed one day love will bring the broken pieces together.

Then you left me all alone to self

Without even a word of where I went wrong

We used to love but now you are gone

What will I tell the world happened to our love?

What will I tell our future kids happened to our love?What will I tell my heart to console it's
brokenness?

I feel broken

Scarred by the undeniable pain of your silent departure.

"I Still Love You"

Poem about my self

These feelings does not stop,

Like a crystal river flowing

Like the ink in my pen when i use it and it touches the paper

Like a shining light that lasts forever

I still love you

My thoughts of you doesn't leave my head

I always think of you even when I go to bed

You were always in my dreams

How will I make this stop?

You already have someone else in your embrace

It is the reality I need to face

The reality that I will never be yours

And you'll never be mine.

"Lonely me"

I found myself

though not so bold

but down here in hell

the grass grows old

though at least

I never have to be alone

because my family owns a home

unlike me

I own nothing but regret

for having been born at all

because jesus told me that I am not a good star

just a bag of dirt to pile on the lardar

for another barbeque tomorrow

so him and fam can have a banging time

while I am frying in the sunshine

down here in hell

.because I loved so well

and practiced caring for my friends

seeking to save the world at odds ends

but you cannot be a hero they say

or else you get the torche

well I put out the first set of flames

and sold my soul to jesus that day

he up and gave the thing away

for a drug bag and then he say

never trust a god kid

we are bigger than you

and don't even know little people like you

"Tear"

Tears shed off eyes,

When I look at my past,

I had a full beautiful life,

But old age has lost my charm.

Now , I wait for them,

Who don't like to sit with me,

I sweated whole life for them,

Now my sweat smells bad for them.

The finger which was a guide ,

Now it is aching with pain,

The shoulder where they sit happily ,

Now it has became useless.

I can't teach them now,

They don't listen to me,

Money made all mad ,

I sob for my lost charm.

Old age is making me hopeless,

None is for me,

The days has gone,

When I 'Father' was all for them.

Now teras roll off my eyes ,

And I moan with my soul,

If I died before old age,

I never see these days.

"Flirt"

I’m not enough, have never been

to sate your ego’s mental sin

this heart competes with raw desire

the need to fuel another’s fire.

My love a constant comfort be

pledged with ancient chivalry

it never owned your secret side

when lain to shelf, for it to hide.

Even when a hand’s not played

chance to lust in mind is made

banked to wait a “just in case”

an opportune to drop your lace.

To flirt is not an honest act

it damages a sacred pact

hard to trust for trusting sake

and causes other’s heart to break.

"Art is life

Sit and listen I have a story to tell

A blended artwork of words made by bold pastels.

I couldn’t know change unless I tried and failed.

You’d think I’m a nut, but haven’t opened the shell.

It’s hard to fake a smile when you’re always reminiscing.

Staying to myself, I’ve peacefully gone missing.

If not draining depression

Its dominating oppression

Smile for like ability, you want to make a great first impression.

If simplicity was a task

It’d be a failing mission

Snakes hide in tall grass

But be aware of their position

Driven for success, undeniably ambitious.

Reviving nourishment for the soul, spiritually nutritious.

Doing away with stress fast and efficiently, it’s expeditious.

Freeing self sufficiency.

Enlightened epiphany.

Unfathomable infinity.

Blissful serenity.

"Wish me well"

Why do I cry for a world that passes me by?

what is the dimension of unification

between the heart and the soul

when the heart is no longer the guiding light

being that it cannot keep up the fight

now stricken upon life

a battle without form

a nameless placeless horrific storm

under which I find myself lost in endless plight

plight and struggle and endless nights

keeping up the pace and finding it all unbegotten by me

the results of outside agency

the world is a fantasy born on me

everything was a dream placed inside my eyes

a story told to me made entirely of other peoples lies

while living out a sacrifice

for food and fuel to feed a darkness called light

under the misguided guidance of fighting an unreal fight

while speaking clearly inside an empty shell

a comfortable illusion standing silently talking to myself

while waiting for the fires in hell

wish me well wish me well

"Skills"

My father said to me

do what you do son

be who you need to be

and that was a freedom

given to me

personally

not an inheritance for all

or even most

many fall as a toast to the host

of the guidance they invoke

but I am liberty

given unto thee

freely to give

what was given

and it was me.

"Love Conflict"

Got that warm fuzzy feeling

When I turn to the other side

And you're not by my side

There's no doubt, I feel so bad

I know I'm insane or maybe mad

For looking for another alternative

Of happiness while you were mine and active

I feel so sick and unhealthy

Can't approach you, I'm unworthy

Having you made me feel so lucky

Voices became blocked there is

A steel knife in my windpipe

Looked at the world but,

Couldn't find your type

Wish you came back

Don't you hear sincerity in voice

When I talk?

Told you this is my fault

Look Me in the eyeball

Next time I'm pissed, I'll aim my fist at the drywall

Now so it chanced, upon a possible Morning

Wakeful I lay when yet low was the sun

My voice was husky with Longing

Lonely home wish but at least a son

To keep the home warm while he plays and run

My mistakes may I not repeat

Nor Do things that I may regret

I'll Love and cherish my woman

Apologize to her while I'm wrong

For all I ever wanted was a sweet home.

"Overthinking"

I keep having dreams about her

I never see her in the dreams

I'm always around the house

Having a breakdown because the door is right there and I want to bang it down

But i never know what I'd do after that

So i just stand there, screaming.

Hoping something will happen,

Hoping something will change what did happen.

Looking for a reason.

It's all my soul searching for an answer I don't think there will ever be.

Trying to get closure by fabricating alternative realities whilst I sleep, only to wake up and have
to face it all again.

Corruption

corruption is very usual in every governments in the whole world. corruption can't be resolve so
fast because corruption is a kind of white collar crime or crimes that do not in public. corruption
makes our society not good for all.

Corruption cause poor countries. because of those Corruptor's many people like ordinary people
suffered. because corruption the money didn't use well and didn't use for the good of all.
corruption make poor countries because the taxes are being corrupt. most of the corrupt countries
has a presidential government means that all money of every regions goes first to the central
government before being distributed to all regions, so if there's a corruption happen may regions
can get affected and poorer that can cause poor countries.

corruption cause of poverty. because of corrupt official many people are now in the stage of
poverty and its not good. because of corruption rich get richer and poor get poorer and also it may
cause stress crimes. remember that other people do crimes like holdaping because of their basic
needs like food and etc.

so in conclusion corruption ruined one county and can make other suffer so we need a fast
solution to that even it is impossible. I know that there's a solution to that remember that theres
nothing permanent in this world even problems.
The best president of mine

well...... in my opinion, it is President Marcosreasons:

he is Intelligent, Smartest, Patriotic For me he is the best president we ever had in this country. He
lead the philippines in a better direction as manifested in his countless projects for the good of our
country yet he is being mock and bullied by his political foes in order to discredit his many good
works for the betterment of our country as a whole. For his opponents try to see yourself in a
mirror first before you criticise marcos. Where you walk going to your school or works, Where
you hospitalize, Etc. Were all projects of marcos. After marcos what happens to the phillipines
now? You yourself can answer that.We all have our opinions, but the ones who said no clearly got
their information to mainstream media and bogus propaganda of the previous reigning regimes,
You follow so readily with what is being fed to you with little thought of its content. Marcos had
a clear plan to make the philippines a top international contender on all aspects, His downfall was
when he got sick. He was terminally ill and was constantly attached to life support. He was unable
to control his cabinet and wife from plundering our countries wealth. Cardinal sin knew what was
happening so he called upon ninoy to talk to marcos. It's hard to say who had him killed but its
obviously about politics, Some politicians didnt want to stop their filthy corruption. Thats the
truth. Dont let mainstream medial put wool over your eyes. Capicshe?. During Marcos time
Philippines grew bigger. It became stronger than the past terms. Philippines in his time was
recognized as an Asian tiger. He Is the best president philippines ever had, because his number
one priority is the good for his people. Although martial law was declared he still thinks for his
people, remember the power plant that was built in Bataan, that would be our source of electricity
today and could save us from too much expenses If it was approved. Remember the heart and
lungs centers in the philippines which was made for us. Let us not forget what good things the
president made for his country. Good things always more than bad things...

War on drugs

Drug War in the Philippines In the Philippines, a war is going on. Not a war against another
country, but a war against drugs. Rodrigo Duterte, the current president of the Philippines, has
launched an anti-drug campaign. The campaign has been effective, but brutal and unforgiving.
Duterte said he would kill 100,000 drug users and dealers within the first six months of his
campaign alone. The Filipino government is waging a war on drugs that is causing thousands of
deaths and widespread fear across the country. The Filipino government is waging this war on
drugs because they blame drugs abuse for a recent epidemic of crime, including rape, theft, and
robbery. Since Duterte’s war began, there have been about 1,900 drug related casualties, 600 of
which still have ongoing investigations. This is nothing considering Duterte promised to have
killed 100,000 drug users and dealers taken off the streets within six months of the start of his
campaign. Duterte is having the police force fight the war on two separate fronts so that he can
get as many drugs off the streets as he can. Some police units are tasked to go after high value
targets who are suspected kingpins in the drug industry.
Importance of politics

It is very important to care about politics because you should know what is going on around you.
Also, it is important to have a say in what is going on around you. The political decisions people
make will affect many lives. Many people see politics as the government and the laws being
made, and that is true, but it is way more complicated than that. Every law that is made will
impact many. Sometimes the decisions will affect people in a bad way. Every vote that you make
will either break people or make people.

One reason you should care about politics is because you should always know what is going on
around you. For example, if a new law is made is made in your area, you might want to make sure
that you and the people around you know that a new law has been made so that no one breaks the
law without even knowing it. Also, if something dangerous is happening around you or someone
you know, you want to be aware if someone is breaking the law. It is very important to know
what is happening around you.

Another reason you should care about politics is because you should have a say in what will
happen. Everyone should have a say in what will happen, because we all live side by side with
each other, and it would not be fair if someone was left out. Also, each vote makes a difference in
the ways that we live. It is always important to to share your opinion. The way you vote will
affect many people, and their everyday life.

Politics

Early polities in what is now the Philippines were small entities known as barangays, although
some larger states were established following the arrival of Hinduism and Islam through regional
trade networks. The arrival of Spanish settlers began a period of Spanish expansion which led to
the creation of the Captaincy General of the Philippines, governed out of Manila. While
technically part of New Spain, the Philippines functioned mostly autonomously. The reliance on
native leaders to help govern led to the creation of an elite class known as the principalia. Spanish
control was never firmly established over much of its claimed territory, with some inland and
Islamic regions remaining effectively independent.

The 19th century saw a significant social change, and the development of a distinct Filipino
identity among the mestizo elite. Members of the educated Ilustrado class, influenced by liberal
ideas, launched the Propaganda Movement. Rejection by Spanish authorities led to a national
awakening, the emergence of an independence movement, and a revolution which became
entwined with the Spanish–American War. While the revolutionaries declared independence,
Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States in 1898. Through the subsequent Philippine–
American War and later actions, the United States established effective administration over the
entire archipelago and introduced political structures that reflected those of the United States.

Herbal plants.
1. Garlic

Garlic is a species of bulbous flowering plant in the genus Allium. Its close relatives include the
onion, shallot, leek, chive, Welsh onion and Chinese onion.

Garlic is widely recognized for its ability to fight bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even parasites. One
study found that allicin, an active component of freshly crushed garlic, had antiviral properties
and was also effective against a broad range of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains of E.
coli.

2. Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle)

is rich in vitamins, minerals, and bioactive polyphenolic compounds such as flavonols and
anthocyanins (natural red pigments) which are supported by scientific studies to have impressive
antioxidant properties, effective in reducing blood pressure and aid in blood glucose control.
Protocatechuic acid present in Roselle was also found to have antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant
and antitumor activity. It also contains hibiscus acid that has appetite suppressing effects and thus
supports weight loss.

Research suggests that consumption of Roselle calyx extracts may help prevent and treat
hypertension, diabetes, obesity, inflammation, cancer, and other diseases.

3.Curcuma longa (Turmeric)

contains curcuminoids (natural vibrant yellow pigments) which include curcumin,

demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Turmeric also contains volatile oils (turmerone,
atlantone, and zingiberone). Extensive research and clinical trials indicate that curcumin, the
primary bioactive constituent of turmeric, is a powerful natural antioxidant and anti-
inflammatory that leads to the improvement of cardiovascular health, digestive health, brain,
liver, lung, and kidney function, joint inflammation suppression, allergy prevention, reduction of
high blood sugar and lipids, strengthening the immune system, and cancer prevention. Curcumin
has been found to have potential as a therapeutic agent in diseases such as inflammatory bowel
disease, pancreatitis, arthritis, and chronic anterior uveitis, as well as certain types of cancer.

4.Moringa oleifera (Malunggay),

often referred to as the “Miracle Tree”, contains a great profile of important vitamins, minerals,
and serves as a good source of protein, β-carotene, amino acids and various antioxidant phenolic
molecules. Moringa consists of a rich and rare combination of zeatin, quercetin, β-sitosterol,
caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol. Numerous studies demonstrate that Moringa possesses a
variety of amazing health benefits such as improving cardiac and circulatory function, having
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-epileptic, antipyretic, anti-ulcer, antispasmodic,
and diuretic properties. Moringa also possesses antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, anti-
diabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities.

5.Zingiber officinale (Ginger)

rhizome extracts consist of phenylalkylketones or vanillyl ketones which include gingerol,

shogaol, paradol, dehydrogingerdione, and gingerdione. However, gingerol and shogaol are the
primary phytoconstituents providing the greatest bioactivity. They are reported to demonstrate
antiemetic, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-arthritic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory
activities.

Studies show that ginger possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial,

antihypertensive, anti-platelet aggregation, cholesterol lowering, and cancer preventive properties.
Ginger is used to help treat osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, other skeletomuscular problems,
coughs, colds, stomach upset, asthma, diabetes, and menstrual irregularities in various parts of the
globe. It is also a useful treatment option for patients experiencing nausea, vomiting, motion
sickness, and for women suffering from morning sickness.

6.Blumea balsamifera (Sambong)

contains sesquiterpenes identified as blumeaenes and samboginone, and antioxidant flavonoids
such as blumeatin, quercetin, rhamnetin, tamarixetin, and luteolin. The volatile oil obtained from
Sambong consists of camphor, borneol, isoborneol, terpineol, caryophyllene, guaiol, and eugenol.
Sambong displays a variety of biological activities such as antitumor, hepatoprotective,
antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic, platelet aggregation, wound
healing, and anti-obesity properties. It is used as herbal treatment for kidney stones, cuts or
wounds, rheumatism, diarrhea, spasms, colds, coughs, and hypertension. The Philippine Council
for Health Research and Development has even developed the technology for sambong herbal
medicine tablets particularly for anti-urolithiatic purposes which have been available in the
market for such indication. Consumption of Sambong tea or leaf infusion can also help dissolve
kidney stones and prevent urolith formation.

7.Vitex negundo (Lagundi)

contains antioxidant phenolic compounds and flavonoids such as casticin, chrysoplenol D,

luteolin, iso-orientin, and luteolin-7-0-glucoside. Other compounds such as epicatechin, quercetin,
catechin, myricetin, tocopherol, β-carotene and lycopene were also found to be present in lagundi
leaf extracts. Chrysoplenol D was identified as the bioactive substance having anti-histaminergic
and muscle relaxant properties particularly useful for cough and asthma. Lagundi is also used for
the treatment colds, fever, flu, chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis, rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils,
diarrhea, and certain skin or digestive complaints. Primarily it is recognized as herbal medicine
for respiratory problems.

8.Lagerstroemia speciosa (Banaba)

leaves have been traditionally used for treating diabetes and kidney diseases. Scientific evidences
support its anti-diabetic property since it contains triterpene acids (oleanolic acid, arjunolic acid,
asiatic acid, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, and 23-hydroxyursolic acid) that have α-glucosidase
and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Among these, corosolic acid was observed to have the best α-
glucosidase inhibition. Corosolic acid was also found to exhibit antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antineoplastic and osteoblastic activities. Lagerstroemin,
an ellagitannin, and Penta-O-galloyl-glucopyranose, a potent gallotannin, are two compounds also
isolated from banaba leaf extracts wherein both have insulin-like glucose transport stimulatory
activity and exhibit anti-adipogenic properties. Additionally, other compounds such as valoneic
acid dilactone and ellagic acid from banaba leaves possess xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity
making it useful for hyperuricemia or gout.

9.Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass)

is good for digestion and is popularly used to treat digestive problems or stomachache due to
constipation, bloating, or indigestion. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytoconstituents such
as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which consist of luteolin, isoorientin 2’-O-rhamnoside,
quercetin, kaempferol, and apiginin. The phytoconstituents identified in lemongrass essential oils
that contain Citral α, Citral β, Nerol Geraniol, Citronellal, Terpinolene, Geranyl acetate,
Myrecene, and Terpinol Methylheptenone. The essential oil has antimicrobial,
antinociceptive/analgesic, insect repellent, and digestion-improving properties. Studies show that
citral which is present in lemongrass inhibits the growth of cancer cells.

10.Euphorbia hirta (Tawa-tawa)

is also called Gatas-gatas because of the healing properties of its milky juice. It contains contain
triterpenes, phytosterols, tannins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. This herb has gained widespread
attention because of its ability to help patients recover from dengue. Folk wisdom regard it as a
hemostatic, which may help explain why blood platelets increase after ingestion of a boiled
decoction of the plant
Reflection: