Lecture 14: The Nano World Transcript  benefit different fields such as science,

medicine, engineering, computing, and

Nanometer
even robotics
 billionth of a meter  benefit the health sector by:
 atom is 0.1 nm in size  production of more efficient
 DNA molecules are 2 nm in diameter energy-producing, energy-
absorbing, and energy storage
Nanotechnology products in smaller and more
 understanding of phenomena and efficient devices
materials at the nanoscale in order to  Kyoto University
produce and use structures, devices,  developed a nano
and systems that have promising semiconductor that
properties and functions makes it possible to
create solar panels that
Nanomaterials double the amount of
 materials having particles at nanoscale sunlight converted into
dimensions electricity
 one that is produced by nanotechnology  lowers costs, produces stronger
 made up of nanoparticles or particles and lighter wind turbines,
with size less than 100 nanometers improves fuel efficiency and can
also save energy
Nanoparticles
Applications of Nanotechnology to Agricultural
 sources can be: Productivity and Pest Control
 natural
 anthropogenic (man-made)  suitable candidates for the design and
 unintentional development of novel tools in
 engineered (intentional) supporting a sustainable agriculture
 "top-down"  applications like nanofertilizers and
particles are nanopesticides to increase the
milled to be productivity without contamination of
smaller soils and waters (because these
 "bottom-up" products are too small and therefore
atoms and only require a small amount in order to
molecules are take effect)
arranged to  provides protection against several
create the insect pest and microbial diseases
nanomaterials  act as sensors for monitoring soil quality
of agricultural field and thus it
maintains the health of agricultural
plants (through the use of
nanomaterials and global positioning
Applications of Nanotechnology to Energy systems with satellite imaging of fields;
Storage, Production, and Conversion Nanosensors dispersed in the field can

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 also detect the presence of plant viruses nutritional status contained in the
and the level of soil nutrients) contents
 Food Safety:
Applications of Nanotechnology to Water
 Detection of food borne
Treatment and Remediation
pathogens
 nanoadsorbents  Against heavy metal reduction
 adsobrbents  Against allergens
 solids that are used to  Against pesticides
adsorb gases or  Inhibition of biofilm formation
dissolved substances  Food Preservation
 show a considerably higher rate  Antimicrobial agents
of adsorption for organic  Nano encapsulation
compounds compared with  Enhancement of physical
granular or powdered activated properties
carbon  Protection against chemical
deteriorates
Applications of Nanotechnology to Disease
Diagnosis and Screening (Drug Delivery Systems) Nanotechnology-based Consumer Products

 nanobots  Fabrics with Silver Nanoparticles

 robots that carry out a very  woven into fabric to give it anti-
specific function and are ~50– bacterial properties, preventing
100 nm wide bacteria and fungi to
 sent into a patient's arteries to accumulate (by killing them)
clear away blockages by 2030 and consequently keeping your
 surgeries could become much faster clothes free of foul smell
and more accurate  can be utilized in all types of
 injuries could be repaired cell-by-cell fabrics and garments
 possible to heal genetic conditions by  interact with compounds found
fixing the damaged genes in the cell membrane of
bacteria and fungi disintegrating
Applications of Nanotechnology to Food them and eventually causing
Processing and Storage their death
 can be used to enhance food flavor and  prevent bacterial infections and
texture, to reduce fat content, or to fungal diseases
encapsulate nutrients, such as vitamins,  Skincare Products
to ensure they do not degrade during a  sunscreen that uses zinc oxide
product’s shelf life nanoparticles to block
 can be used to make packaging that ultraviolet rays while minimizing
keeps the product inside fresher for the white film on the skin left by
longer the usual sunscreens available
 can alert consumers when a product is in the market
no longer safe to eat, warn before the  skin cream that uses proteins
food goes rotten, inform us the exact derived from stem cells to
prevent ageing of the skin

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  skin care lotions in which
nutrients are encapsulated in
nanoparticles suspended in the
liquid
 encapsulated in liposome
nanoparticles which merge with
the membranes of skin cells to
allow delivery of the proteins
 Lithium Ion Batteries
 carbon nanotubes
 allows charge to flow
more freely, resulting in
higher capacity and
shorter
charge/discharge cycles
 prevent the battery cells from
overheating and exploding
 Antimicrobial Paint
 Silver nanoparticles can also be
added in coatings to prevent
bacteria and other human
pathogens from attaching to
surfaces
 Atovi
 from the Philippines
 nanotech-based feed pre-mix
powder made from vitamins
and minerals
 charges immediately the cells’
mitochondria (cells power
house) and immediately runs
the ATP pumps to energize all
cells of all organs making
normal cells efficient while the
deteriorating and sickly cells are
revitalized, rejuvenated and
restored ultimately making
them efficient too
 corrects and maintains the
digestive system properly
Risks and Concerns about Nanotechnology
1. Health risks
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elements that are microscopic
poses greater threat to the
human body
 easily inhaled
 can enter the human
respiratory tract
 can be deposited in the
lungs which results to
toxicity
 able to cross cell membranes
 can reach the blood and various
organs of the body
2. Environmental risks
 can be toxic when released into
bodies of water
 can lead to pollution and death
of organisms
3. Privacy and Security risks
 raises the possibility of small
devices, making it undetectable
 could be weaponized
 atomic weapons would be
easier to create
 novel weapons might also be
developed
 may serve as a huge benefit for
the military but might greatly
affect the security of our society
Generation of Nanotechnology
(1) passive nanostructures
(2) active nanostructures
(3) nanosystems
(4) molecular nanosystems