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S9 Q4 Week 2
S9 Q4 Week 2
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Investigate the relationship between the angle of release and the height and range of the
projectile. (S9FE-IVa-35)
Learning Objectives
After going through this learning activity, learners are expected to:
Key Concepts
• Projectile motion is the motion of an object thrown or projected into the air. The curved
path you noticed in this motion naturally happens when an object moves in two dimensions
– having both horizontal and vertical motion of components, acted by gravity only.
• In projectile motions, objects follow a curved trajectory which is parabolic. The initial
launch force no longer acts on the projectile and only the force of gravity remains acting on
it. Thus, projectiles that follow a parabolic path due to the downward pull of the gravity
shows that uniform horizontal motion is independent from the non-uniform vertical motion.
1
Author: Anni Grace C. Macalalag
School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
Email address: annigrace.macalalag@deped.gov.ph
• All projectiles regardless of its path, will always follow these principles:
1. Projectiles always maintain a constant horizontal velocity (neglecting air resistance).
2. Projectiles always experience a constant acceleration along the axis where the constant
2
net force is directed to. There is a constant vertical acceleration of 9.8m/s , downward
(neglecting air resistance) for projectiles on air. For projectiles on inclined surfaces,
2
the constant “vertical” acceleration will be smaller than 9.8m/s .
3. The horizontal and “vertical” motions are completely independent of each other.
Therefore, horizontal and vertical motion can be treated separately.
• The time it takes from an object to be projected and land is called the time of flight. This
depends on the initial velocity of the projectile and the angle of projection. When the
projectile reaches a vertical velocity of zero, this is the maximum height of the projectile
and then gravity will take over and accelerate the object downward. The horizontal
displacement of the projectile is called the range of the projectile and depends on the
initial velocity of the object.
• Projectile motion and the trajectory it follow is the initial launch angle. This angle can be
anywhere from 0 to 90 degrees. The angle at which the object is launched dictates the
range, height, and time of flight it will experience while in projectile motion. It shows
different paths for the same object launched at the same initial velocity at different launch
angles.
Objective: Show the independence of horizontal and vertical components of projectile motion.
What to do:
Analyze the two (2) figures and concept given and answer the guide questions.
Consider a cannonball launched by a cannon from the top of a very high cliff. Suppose
that the cannonball is launched horizontally with no upward angle whatsoever and with an
initial speed of 20 m/s. If there were no gravity, the cannonball would continue in motion at
20 m/s in the horizontal direction. Yet in actuality, gravity causes the cannonball to
accelerate downwards at a rate of 9.8 m/s2. This means that the vertical velocity is changing
by 9.8 m/s every second. If a vector diagram (showing the velocity of the cannonball at 1-
second intervals of time) is used to represent how the x- and y-components of the velocity of
the cannonball is changing with time, then x- and y- velocity vectors could be drawn and
their magnitudes labeled. The lengths of the vector arrows are representative of the
magnitudes of that quantity. Such a diagram is shown in the next page.
2
Author: Anni Grace C. Macalalag
School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
Email address: annigrace.macalalag@deped.gov.ph
Figure 1. A cannon launching a ball from the top of a cliff.
Source:https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/Horizontal-and-Vertical-
Components-of-Velocity
Table 1a. Illustration of how the x- and y- component of velocity vary with time.
But what if the projectile is launched upward at an angle to the horizontal? How would the
horizontal and vertical velocity values change with time? This time an object launched
upward with a velocity of 75.7 m/s at an angle of 15 degrees above the horizontal. For such
an initial velocity, the object would initially be moving 19.6 m/s, upward and 73.1 m/s,
rightward.
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Author: Anni Grace C. Macalalag
School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
Email address: annigrace.macalalag@deped.gov.ph
Figure 2. A cannon launching a ball upward from the top of a cliff.
Source:https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/Horizontal-and-
Vertical-Components-of-Velocity
Table 1b. Illustration of how the x- and y- component of velocity vary with time.
Time in seconds Horizontal Velocity Vertical Velocity
0s 73.1 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, up
1s 73.1 m/s, right 9.8 m/s, up
2s 73.1 m/s, right 0 m/s
3s 73.1 m/s, right 9.8 m/s, down
4s 73.1 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, down
5s 73.1 m/s, right 29.4 m/s, down
6s 73.1 m/s, right 39.2 m/s, down
7s 73.1 m/s, right 49.0 m/s, down
Guide Questions:
Q1. What have you observed on the horizontal velocity of the object in Figure 1 and 2 through
change of time? ______________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What have you observed on the vertical velocity of the object in Figure 1 and 2 through
change of time? ______________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What important concept do the diagram and the tables convey?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4
Author: Anni Grace C. Macalalag
School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
Email address: annigrace.macalalag@deped.gov.ph
Scoring Rubric for Q3.
3 2 1
Explanations are Explanations are Explanations are
conceptually correct conceptually correct conceptually
and complete. and incomplete. incorrect.
Objective: Cite examples of projectile motion and answer a variety of problems related to a
projectile.
What to do:
1. Mark check if the given situation shows projectile motion.
An airplane during take-off.
A basketball thrown towards a basket.
A bullet shot out of a gun.
A moving car towards a garage.
A ball dropped out of an airplane.
A running boy towards his mom.
2. A projectile is launched. Assuming that air resistance is negligible, identify the following
statements if its true or false.
a. Any object upon which the only acting force is the force of gravity is called a projectile.
b. The projectile problem involves constant velocity along the horizontal direction and
constant acceleration along the vertical direction.
c. The vertical component of the velocity of the projectile is constant.
d. The path of a projectile is a parabola.
3. Study the picture below and answer the guide questions:
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Author: Anni Grace C. Macalalag
School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
Email address: annigrace.macalalag@deped.gov.ph
Figure 4. An archer hitting a target.
Source: https://www.ck12.org/physics/projectile-motion/lesson/Projectile-
Motion-MS-PS/
Guide Questions:
Q1. Why do you think the archer aims his arrow a little bit above the target?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. Do you think the archer will hit the target if he aims at it directly? Why? And why not?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3 2 1
Explanations are Explanations are Explanations are
conceptually correct conceptually correct conceptually
and complete. and incomplete. incorrect.
6
Author: Anni Grace C. Macalalag
School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
Email address: annigrace.macalalag@deped.gov.ph
Reflection
How is the concept of projectile motion used in real life? Cite at least two examples.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Scoring Rubric:
Points Description
3 Gives at least 2 examples of projectile motion used in real life.
2 Gives at least 1 example of projectile motion used in real life.
1 Gives an answer but is not accurately stated.
References
Alvarez, Liza A., Angeles, Dave G., Apurada, Hernan L., Carmona, Ma. Pilar P., Lahora, Oliver A.,
Marcaida, Judith F., Olarte, Ma. Regaela A., Osorio, Estrella C., Paningbatan, Digna C.,
Rosales, Marivic S., Delos Santos, Ma. Teresa B. Science-Grade 9 Learner’s Module. Pasig
City: Department of Education, 2014.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/Horizontal-and-Vertical-
Components-of-Velocity
https://nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/FSMA%20Projectile%20problems%20stu
dent.pdf
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/projectile-motion
http://www.problemsphysics.com/mechanics/projectile/projectile_concept_answer.html
11
Author: Anni Grace C. Macalalag
School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
Email address: annigrace.macalalag@deped.gov.ph
Email address: annigrace.macalalag@deped.gov.ph
Division: Butuan City
School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Author: Anni Grace C. Macalalag
12
Activity 2. Let’s Try to Find Out
1.)
An airplane during take-off.
A basketball thrown towards a basket. ✔
A bullet shot out of a gun. ✔
A moving car towards a garage.
A package dropped out of an airplane. ✔
A running boy towards his mom.
2.) a. True b. True c. False d. True
Answers to Guide Questions:
Q1. Because in this way, the target will be hit. When the archer releases the bowstring, the
arrow will be flung forward toward the top of the target and the force of gravity pulls the
arrow down. The two forces combined to move in a curved path and hit the target.
Q2. No, when you aim at the target directly, the arrow will follow a curved path down the
target without hitting it.
Activity 1. Motion in Two Dimensions
Answers to Guide Questions:
Q1. The horizontal velocity of figure 1 and 2 remains constant.
Q2. The vertical velocity of figure 1 and 2 changes by 9.8m/s every second.
Q3. The important concept depicted in Figure 2 is that the horizontal velocity remains
constant during the trajectory and the vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second. The
numerical information in both figures and table further illustrate the two key principles of
projectile motion - there is a horizontal velocity that is constant and a vertical velocity that
changes by 9.8 m/s each second.
Answers Key