Acknowl

edgement

I
tis a gr
eatpl
easur
eforus t
o acknowl
edge al
lthose who have
cont
ri
but
edt
owar
dst
heconcept
ion,or
igi
nandnur
tur
ingoft
hispr
ojectt
hati
s
onSyst
em anal
ysi
sthe “
ATM Syst
em”
.

Thewaycan’
twal
kit
sel
f.Wehavet
owal
koni
t.Fort
hatwemusthavea
gui
de.Manygui
deshavecont
ri
but
edt
othesuccessf
ulcompl
eti
onoft
he
pr
oject
.Wewoul
dli
ket
opl
aceonr
ecor
dmygr
atef
ult
hankst
oeachoneof
t
hem whohel
pusi
nthi
spr
oject
.
 Bef
orewegeti
ntot
hickoft
het
hing,wewoul
dli
ket
oaddaf
ew hear
tf
elt
wor
dsf
ort
hepeopl
ewhogaveusunendi
ng t
imesuppor
twhi
cheverand
whenevernecessar
y.

Ourgr
atef
ult
hanksgot
oourDept
.,whi
chpr
ovi
desusanoppor
tuni
tyas
apr
ojectsubj n6th Semest
ecti ert
odevel
opar
epor
twor
kski
l
lint
hisSys
tem
anal
yzi
ng.

Wewouldl
iket
othankourparent
s&f ri
endsf
orgivi
ngusf ul
lfeedback
whenwear ei
ntr
oubl
e.Ourspeci
alt
hanksgot oMs.Ki
njalJadavtogivethei
r
exper
tgui
dancet
ouswhenevernecessary.

Lastbutnott
hel
east
;Ihear
ti
lyt
hankourH.
O.D.Mr
.MaheshPanchal
.

PREFACE

Casest
udy(
Sof
twar
eEngi
neer
ing)i
sal
ongest
abl
i
shmentmet
hodof
or
gani
zi
ng,l
ear
ning,soast
oencour
agecoor
dinat
ionofSubj
ectar
eas,i
tai
ms
atcl
oseri
ntegr
ati
onoft
heor
yandpr
act
ical
givef
undament
albasi
cforst
udent
l
ear
ningandpr
oduce,mor
epr
act
icalt
echni
ques.Pr
ojectmet
hodi
ncommon
wi
th ot
herst
udent
s cent
ered t
echni
que hel
pto devel
op mar
ketsur
vey,
pl
anni
ngdeci
si
onmaki
ngonf
orexampl
eandi
dent
if
yingt
hecr
it
ical
int
egr
ated
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 2 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
i
ndust
ri
alpr
ocessf
orpr
oduci
ng equi
pment
,a componentora modelof
ocess.
pr

ABSTRACT

Thi
srepor
tat
tempt
stounder
standt
hedesi
gnofanAut
omat
ed
Tel
l
erMachi
ne(
ATM)sys
tem,adevi
ceusedbybankcust
omer
sto
pr
ocessaccountt
ransact
ions.Typi
cal
l
y,auseri
nser
tsi
ntot
heATM a
speci
alpl
ast
iccar
dthati
sencodedwi
thi
nfor
mat
iononamagnet
ic

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 3 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 st
ri
p.Thest
ri
pcont
ainsani
dent
if
icat
ioncodet
hati
str
ansmi
tt
edt
o
t
hebank'
scent
ral
comput
erbymodem.Topr
eventunaut
hor
ized
t
ransact
ions,aper
sonal
ident
if
icat
ionnumber(
PIN)mustal
sobe
ent
eredbyt
heus
erusi
ngakeypad.Thecomput
ert
henper
mit
sthe
ATM t
ocompl
etet
het
ransact
ion;mostmachi
nescandi
spensecash,
acceptdeposi
ts,t
ransf
erf
unds,andpr
ovi
dei
nfor
mat
iononaccount
bal
ances.Bankshavef
ormedcooper
ati
ve,nat
ionwi
denet
wor
ksso
t
hatacust
omerofonebankcanuseanATM ofanot
herf
orcash
access.SomeATMswi
l
lal
soacceptcr
edi
tcar
dsf
orcashadvances.
Thef
ir
stATM wasi
nst
all
edi
n1969byChemi
cal
Bankati
tsbr
anchi
n
Rockvi
l
leCent
re,NewYor
k.Acust
omerusi
ngacodedcar
dwas
di
spensedapackagecont
aini
ngasetsum ofmoney.

Pr
ojectPr
ofi
l
e
Pr
ojectTi
tl
e :ATM Syt
em

Fr
ontEndTool :Mi
crosof
tVi
sual
Studi
o2008

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 4 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 BackEndTool :Mi
crosof
tSQLSer
ver2005

Pr
ojectPl
atf
orm :ASP.
NET

Pr
ojectGui
de :
Ms.Ki
njal
K.Jadav

Devel
opedBy :Mr.KamleshKorat
(08-CE-
13)
Mr
.Chi
ragKorat(08-
CE-12)

Submi
tt
edTo :Depar
tmentofComput
erEngi
neer
ing,
Kal
olI
nst
it
uteOfTechnol
ogy

DETAI
LOFCHAPTERS
1.
0Int
roduct
ion
1.
1Pr
ojectSummar
y
1.
2Purpose
1.
3Scope
2.
0Pr
ojectManagement
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 5 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 2.1Pr oj
ectPlanningandscheduling
2.1.1ProjectDevelopmentAppr oach
2.1.2ProjectPlan
2.1.3Schedul eRepr esent
ati
on
2.2Ri skManagement
2.2.1RiskIdentif
icati
on
2.2.2RiskAnal ysis
2.2.3RiskPlanning
2.3Est i
mat i
on
2.3.1EffortEsti
mat i
on
3.
0Syst
em Requi
rement
sSt
udy
3.
1UserCharacter
ist
ics
3.
2HardwareandSof twar
eRequi
rement
s
3.
3Constr
aints
4.
0Syst
em Anal
ysi
s
4.
1St udyofCur rentSyst em
4.
2Pr oblem andWeaknessesofCur rentSyst
em
4.
3Requi rement sofNewSyst em
4.
4Feasi bil
i
tySt udy
4.
5Requi rement sVal idation
4.
6Funct ionsOfSyst em
4.6.
1UseCases,eventt r
aceorscenar i
o
4.7Dat aModel i
ng
4.
7.1Flowchar toract ivi
tydesign
4.
7.2ClassDi agr am/E- Rdiagrams
4.
7.3System Act i
vi
tyorObj ectint
eracti
onDiagram
4.
7.4Dat aDictionar y
4.8FunctionalandBehavi oralModeling
4.
8.1Cont extDi agram
4.8.
2Dat aFlowDi agr am (0and1l evel)
4.8.3ProcessSpeci ficationandDeci si
onTable
4.8.4Controlfl
owdi agr am
5.
0Test
ing
5.
1Test
ingPlan
5.
2Testi
ngStrategy
5.
3Testi
ngMet hods
5.
4TestCases
6.
0Li
mit
ati
onandFut
ureEnhancement
7.
0Concl
usi
onandDi
scussi
on

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 6 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 1.
0Int
roduct
ion

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 7 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 1.
1Pr
ojectSummar
y

Anaut
omat
edt
ell
ermachi
ne(
ATM)oraut
omat
icbanki
ngmachi
ne
(
ABM)i
sacomput
eri
sedt
elecommuni
cat
ionsdevi
cet
hatpr
ovi
dest
hecl
i
ent
s
ofaf
inanci
ali
nst
it
uti
onwi
thaccesst
ofi
nanci
alt
ransact
ionsi
napubl
i
cspace
wi
thoutt
heneedf
oracas
hier
,humancl
erkorbankt
ell
er.Onmostmoder
n
ATMs,t
hecust
omeri
sident
if
iedbyi
nser
ti
ngapl
ast
icATM car
dwi
tha
magnet
icst
ri
peorapl
ast
icsmar
tcar
dwi
thachi
p,t
hatcont
ainsauni
quecar
d
numberandsomesecur
it
yinf
ormat
ionsuchasanexpi
rat
iondat
eorCVVC
(
CVV)
.Aut
hent
icat
ioni
spr
ovi
dedbyt
hecust
omerent
eri
ngaper
sonal
i
dent
if
icat
ionnumber(
PIN)
.

1.
2Pur
pose

Usi
nganATM,cust
omer
scanaccesst
hei
rbankaccount
sinor
dert
o
makecashwi
thdr
awal
s(orcr
edi
tcar
dcashadvances)andcheckt
hei
r
accountbal
ancesaswel
laspur
chasecel
l
phonepr
epai
dcr
edi
t.I
fthe
cur
rencybei
ngwi
thdr
awnf
rom t
heATM i
sdi
ff
erentf
rom t
hatwhi
cht
hebank
accounti
sdenomi
nat
edi
n(eg:Wi
thdr
awi
ngJapaneseYenf
rom abank
accountcont
aini
ngUSDol
l
ars)
,themoneywi
l
lbeconver
tedatawhol
esal
e
exchanger
ate.Thus,ATMsof
tenpr
ovi
det
hebestpossi
bleexchanger
atef
or
f
orei
gnt
ravel
ersandar
eheavi
l
yusedf
ort
hispur
poseaswel
l
.
ATMsar
eknownbyvar
iousot
hernamesi
ncl
udi
ngAut
omat
ed
Tr
ansact
ionMachi
ne,aut
omat
edbanki
ngmachi
ne,cashpoi
nt(
in
Br
it
ain)
,moneymachi
ne,bankmachi
ne,cashmachi
ne,hol
e-i
n-t
he-
wal
l
,
Bancomat(
invar
iouscount
ri
esi
nEur
opeandRussi
a),Mul
ti
banco(
aft
era
r
egi
ster
edt
rademar
k,i
nPor
tugal
),andAnyTi
meMoney(
inI
ndi
a)
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 8 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 1.
3Scope

Themai
npur
poseoft
heATM di
vi
si
onandi
nfor
mat
ionser
vicei
sto
pr
ovi
det
hecust
omer
sfi
nanci
alf
lexi
bil
i
ty,wor
ldwi
deaccept
anceandr
ound-
t
hecl
ockconveni
ence.Banki
ssuesonl
yVI
SA Cr
edi
tCar
ds,t
her
enowned
Cr
edi
tCar
dbr
and.Car
dhol
der
scanpur
chasegoods/
ser
vicesupt
othecr
edi
t
l
i
mitandcanr
euset
hecr
edi
tfaci
l
it
yuponr
epayment
.Cr
edi
tCar
disasaf
er
subst
it
utet
ocashandi
sthemaj
ormodeofpaymentwor
ldwi
de.St
andar
d
Char
ter
edBanki
sthef
ir
stt
oint
roducet
heTAKACREDI
TCARD.Thecar
dis
i
ssuedbasi
cal
l
ytoaper
son’
snameandt
hespeci
fi
cper
soncanuset
hecar
d
i
nanywher
einBangl
ades
h.Thebusi
nessact
ivi
tyofPr
emi
erBankCr
edi
tCar
d
sect
ion i
sto keep t
he r
ecor
dsofal
lsal
esand cust
omer
s’r
equest
s,t
he
i
nfor
mat
ionofcar
dhol
der
sandr
epor
tst
hem t
onecessar
ydocument
s.

2.
0Pr
ojectmanagement

I
nt hi
schapterwewi l
ldiscussaboutproj
ectpl
anningandschedul
ing.Ourgoal
i
stoestabli
shapragmaticstrategyforcont
rol
li
ng,t
racki
ng,andmonitor
inga
compl
ext echni
calproj
ect.
I
nproj
ectmanagementf ol
lowingthingsmustbedone.

 Pr
ojectPl
anni
ngandSchedul
i
ng
 Ri
skManagement
 Est
imat
ion
I
nPr
ojectpl
anni
ngandschedul
i
ng,Pl
anni
ngoft
hepr
ojecti
sdone.I
nschedul
i
ng
di
ff
erentt
askar
eschedul
eaccor
dingt
othedeadl
i
neoft
hepr
oject
.

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 9 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
2.
1Pr
ojectPl
anni
ngandschedul
i
ng

Pr
ojectpl
anni
ngmustdeal
swi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngt
hings.

 Pr
ojectCompl
exi
ty:-Pr
ojectcompl
exi
tyhasast
rongef
fectbuti
sheavi
l
y
i
nfl
uencedbypastpr
act
it
ionerexper
ience.
 Pr
ojectSi
ze:-Assi
zei
ncr
easest
hei
nter
dependencyofel
ement
sal
sogr
ow.
Wat
choutf
orscopecr
eep.
 Thedegr
eeofst
ruct
uraluncer
tai
nty:-t
hedegr
eet
owhi
chr
equi
rement
sar
e
sol
i
dif
iedandt
heeaseoff
unct
ionaldecomposi
ti
on.
Thepur
poseofpr
oject
pl
anni
ngi
stoensur
ethatt
heendr
esul
tiscompl
etedont
ime,wi
thi
nbudget
,
andexhi
bit
squal
i
ty!

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 1
0 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 2.
1.1Pr
ojectdevel
opmentappr
oach

TheSpi
ralmodeli
sanevol
uti
onar
ysof
twar
epr
ocessmodelt
hat
coupl
est
he i
ter
ati
ve nat
ure ofpr
otot
ypi
ng wi
tht
he cont
rol
l
ed and

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 1
1 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 syst
emat
ic aspect
s oft
he l
i
nearsequent
ialmodel
.Itpr
ovi
des t
he
pot
ent
ial
forr
api
ddevel
opmentofi
ncr
ement
alver
sionsoft
hesof
twar
e.
Usi
ngt
hespi
ralmodel
,sof
twar
eisdevel
opedi
nser
iesofi
ncr
ement
al
r
elease.

A spi
ralmodeli
sdi
vi
dedi
ntoanumberoff
ramewor
kact
ivi
ti
es,al
so
ed t
cal
l askr
egi
ons.Ther
e ar
e bet
ween t
hree and si
xtaskr
egi
ons.
Fi
gur
edepi
ctsaspi
ral
model
thatcont
ainssi
xtaskr
egi
ons:

 Cust
omercommuni
cat
ion–t
asksr
equi
redt
oest
abl
i
shef
fect
ive
communi
cat
ionbet
weendevel
operandcust
omer
.
 Pl
anni
ng – t
asksr
equi
red t
o def
ine r
esour
ces,t
imel
i
nes
,and
ot
herpr
ojectr
elat
edi
nfor
mat
ion.
 Ri
sk anal
ysi
s– t
asks r
equi
red t
o assess bot
htechni
caland
managementr
isks.
 Engi
neer
ing – t
asks r
equi
red t
o bui
l
d one or mor
e
r
epr
esent
ati
onsoft
heappl
i
cat
ion.
 Const
ruct
ion and r
elease – t
asksr
equi
red t
o const
ruct
,test
,
i
nst
all
,andpr
ovi
deusersuppor
t.
 Cust
omer evol
uti
on – t
asks r
equi
red t
o obt
ain cus
tomer
f
eedbackbased on evol
uti
on oft
he sof
twar
erepr
esent
ati
ons
cr
eat
eddur
ingt
heengi
neer
ingst
ageandi
mpl
ement
eddur
ing
t
hei
nst
all
ati
onst
age.

Eachoft
her
egi
onsi
spopul
atedbyasetofwor
ktasks,cal
l
edat
askset
,
t
hatar
eadapt
edt
othechar
act
eri
sti
csoft
hepr
ojectt
obeunder
taken.
Forsmal
lpr
oject
s,t
henumberofwor
ktasksandt
hei
rfor
mal
i
tyi
slow.
Forl
arger
,mor
ecr
it
icalpr
oject
s,eacht
askr
egi
oncont
ainsmor
ewor
k
t
askst
hatar
edef
inedt
oachi
eveahi
gherl
evel
off
ormal
i
ty.

I
nourcase,wehavet
opr
ovi
demedi
um l
eveloff
ormal
i
tyf
ormaki
nga
goodpr
ojectr
epor
t.Wewi
l
ltakedeci
si
onaboutcost
,schedul
eand
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 1
2 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 numberofi
ter
ati
onsr
equi
redt
ocompl
etet
hesof
twar
e.

2.
1.2Pr
ojectPl
an

St
agesofSof
twar
eLi
fecycl
e

 Sof
twar
eRequi
rementAnal
ysi
s

Thi
sist
hef
ir
stst
ageoft
hepr
oject
,whi
chi
nvol
vesi
nter
act
ion
wi
tht
hecust
omert
ounder
standhi
s/herneeds,r
equi
rement
s,
i
nfor
mat
ion,r
equi
redf
unct
ions,per
for
manceandi
nter
faci
ngi
n
MLM sof
twar
e.Fort
hispur
poser
equi
rementanal
ystwi
l
lar
rangea
meet
ingf
orgat
her
ingi
nfor
mat
ionandaddi
ti
onal
det
ail
sforsof
twar
e
devel
opment
.Af
tercompl
eti
ngr
equi
rementgat
her
ingt
asks
devel
opert
eam wi
l
ltakeal
ookf
orunder
standhowr
equi
rement
s
canbecomput
eri
zed.Ther
equi
rementi
sdocument
edi
nthef
orm
ofaSof
twar
eRequi
rementSpeci
fi
cat
ion(
SRS)whi
chi
sthen
pr
esent
edt
othecust
omerf
orr
evi
ew.

 Desi
gn

Begi
nni
ngoncesof
twar
erequi
rement
shavebeenanal
yzedand
speci
fi
ed,sof
twar
edesi
gni
sthef
ir
stoft
hreet
echni
calact
ivi
ti
es–
desi
gn,codegener
ati
on,andt
est–t
hatar
erequi
redt
obui
l
dand
ver
if
ythesof
twar
e.

Desi
gni
smul
ti
level
processwhi
chdef
inesf
oll
owi
ngdet
ail
s:

 Dat
aDesi
gn
 Ar
chi
tect
ureDesi
gn
 I
nter
faceDesi
gn
 Componentl
evel
Desi
gn

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 1
3 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
  Devel
opment

Thedesi
gnmustbet
ransl
atedi
ntoamachi
ne-
readabl
efor
m.
Thecodi
ngst
epper
for
mst
hist
ask.I
nthi
sst
age,t
hedevel
oper
swi
l
l
act
ual
l
ycodet
hepr
ogr
ams.Thespeci
fi
cat
ionsar
ri
vedatt
hedesi
gn
st
agef
oreachandever
yfunct
ionwi
l
lbeconver
tedt
ocodeusi
ng
t
ool
sthatar
efi
nal
i
zedf
ort
hei
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
heSof
twar
e.At
t
hisst
aget
het
est
ingmet
hodol
ogyt
obeadopt
edwi
l
lbef
inal
i
zed.
Foreachpr
ogr
am t
estcaseswi
l
lbepr
epar
edandf
oreachoft
hese
t
estcases,t
estdat
awi
l
lal
sobepr
epar
ed.Theact
ual
devel
oper
swi
l
l
doaf
ir
stcurchecki
ngatt
hisst
aget
oseet
hatt
hepr
ogr
amswr
it
ten
byt
hem ar
eer
rorf
ree.

 Test
ing

I
nthi
sst
agest
het
estgr
oupoft
hedevel
opmentt
eam,usi
ngt
he
casesandt
het
estdat
aal
readypr
epar
edwi
l
ltestt
hepr
ogr
ams.
Onl
yaf
teral
lt
hef
unct
ionsar
etest
edsi
ngul
arl
y,ani
ntegr
atedt
est
ing
wi
l
lbeper
for
medt
oseet
hati
nter
-funct
iondependabi
l
it
yissat
isf
ied.
Separ
atet
estcases and t
estdat
a wi
l
lbe wor
ked outf
ort
he
i
ntegr
atedt
est
ing.

 Accept
anceTest

Thi
sroundoft
est
ingwi
l
lbeper
for
medbyt
het
estgr
oupf
ormed
byt
heuser
sofMLM sof
twar
e.Thi
stestgr
ouphast
oinsur
ethatt
he
devel
opedsof
twar
eiswor
kingaspert
hei
rrequi
rement
s.I
fsome
pr
obl
emsar
efoundt
heni
tshoul
dbei
mmedi
atel
ycommuni
cat
ed
Devel
opmentgr
oup sot
hatt
hepr
obl
em canbel
ookedi
ntoand
hencer
ect
if
ied.

 Dat
aCr
eat
ion

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 1
4 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 Forsof
twar
e,dat
aismos
timpor
tantpar
t.Dat
aisi
nfor
mat
ion
whi
chi
shandl
edbysof
twar
e.Sobef
orecodi
ngsof
twar
e,al
lmast
er
t
abl
edat
awi
l
lhavet
obecr
eat
ed.

 I
mpl
ement
ati
on

Now t
he i
mpl
ement
ati
on of sof
twar
e i
sto be done by
pr
ogr
ammer
s.Al
lther
equi
rement
sandi
nfor
mat
iongat
her
edbyt
he
anal
ysti
snow t
akeact
uali
magei
nfor
m ofsof
twar
e.Af
termaki
ng
sof
twar
eiti
supl
oadedi
ntot
hesyst
em souser
s,f
orwhom sof
twar
e
i
sdevel
oped,canuset
hesof
twar
e.

Once we ex
ami
ne t
hatt
he pr
ojecti
sfeasi
ble,we under
take
pr
ojectpl
anni
ng.Thet
abl
ebel
ow descr
ibeshow wepl
annedour
pr
oject
.

2.
1.3Schedul
eRepr
esent
ati
on

# Phas
es Ti
mePer
iod
1 Pr
ojectSummar
y 01
/02/
201
1
2 Pr
ojectPl
an 08/
02/
201
1
3 Ri
skAnal
ysi
s 1
5/02/
201
1
4 Ef
for
tEst
imat
ion 1
5/02/
201
1
5 Syst
em Requi
rementSt
udy 01
/03/
201
1
6 Feasi
bil
i
tySt
udy 08/
03/
201
1
7 Dat
aandf
unct
ionModel
i
ng 29/
03/
201
1
8 Test
ing 29/
03/
201
1

2.
2Ri
skManagement

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 1
5 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 2.
2.1Ri
skI
dent
if
icat
ion

Duri
ngtheproj
ectpl
anwehaveconsideral
lt
heproact
ivewhi
chwehave
thi
nkwewillf
aceduri
ngtheproj
ectperi
od.Her
eIhavel
i
stedtheri
skswhi
chwe
haveconsi
deredduri
ngthepr
ojectpl
an:

 Possibi
l
it
ythatthecomponent sarenotavail
ableduri
ngt heproj
ectperiod.
 Possibi
l
it
ythatproduct
spur chasedwasnotcompat i
ble.
 Possibi
l
it
ythatthehardwar eresour
cesar enotavail
ableduri
ngt heproject
peri
od.
 Possibi
l
it
ythatEther
netconnect i
onbetweenr obotcontrol
l
erandcomput er
maynotoccur ,to which we have to make the connection mightnot
avai
labl
e.
 Possibi
l
it
ythatsoft
wareinter-compati
bil
i
tymaynotbet here.

2.
2.2Ri
skAnal
ysi
s

Ri
skanalysi
sisthe i
mport
antaspectoftheproj
ectplanni
ng,whenever
pl
anningthesof
twar
e,pr
ogrammeralwayshast
oconsidertheri
sksofthe
pr
ojectswhi
chhemightf
aceint
hefutur
eduri
ngdesi
gni
ngt hesof
twar
e.

Ri
sksar
eoft
wot
ypes

 Proact
iveRisk.
 Reacti
veRisk.

Ri
skI
mpact

Ri
sk Ef
fect
Possi
bil
i
tyofget
ti
ngi
l
lness. Ser
ious.
Possi
bil
i
tyofcomponentnotavai
l
abl
e. Cat
ast
rophi
c
Possibi
l
it
yofcomponentnotef f
ecti
ve. Ser
ious.
Possibi
l
it
iesofhardwar
eresourcesare
Cat
astrophi
c.
notavail
abl
e.
Possibi
l
it
y of r obot contr
oll
er not
Ser
ious.
avai
labl
e.
Possibi
l
it
yofcommuni cati
onbet ween
Ser
ious
syst
emsmi ghtnothappenont i
me.

Pr
oact
iveRi
skAssessmentTabl
e

Thisar
etheproacti
veri
skswhichwecanconsiderduringt hepr
oject
pl
anper i
odsowecancopupwi ththem easi
l
yandwecanf indt hesol
uti
on
easi
lybutwecanfi
ndotherpr
oacti
veri
skswhichwehaven’
tconsideredi
nthe
08-CE-12
08-CE-13 16 Comput er
Engi
neeri
ng
 pr
ojectpl
an:

Ri
sk Ef
fect
Possibi
li
ty that because of s ome
problem wehavel ostthebackupof Serious
somedays.
Possibi
li
tyt hat because of f
inance
problem inthecompanywewon’ tget Cat
astr
ophi
c
thefullr
esources.
Possibi
li
ti
es t hat project Manager
Ser
ious
l
eavet heproject.

React
iveRi
skAssessmentTabl
e

Proacti
verisksar
emostdanger
ousriskswhi
chwehaven’ tconsi
dered
duri
ngthepr oj
ectperi
odandtocopupwiththem i
snoteasy.Thesekindsof
ri
sksarerisks,soprogrammermusthavebeenactivet
ocopupwi t
hthem
smartl
y.

Ri
skEst
imat
ion

Ri
skest
imat
ionat
tempt
stor
ateeachr
iski
ntwoways:

 Theli
keli
hoodorprobabil
i
tythatri
skisr
eal
and.
 Theconsequencesoft hepr obl
emsassociat
edwit
htheri
skshoul
dit
occurs.
 Thepr oj
ectplanner
,along withothermanager
sandtechni
calst
aff
,
perf
ormsf ourr
iskpr
oject
ionsteps:

 Est
abli
shascaler atet
hatrefl
ect
stheperceivedli
kel
ihoodofar i
sk.
 Del
ineat
et heconsequencesoftherisk.
 Est
imatetheimpactoft heri
skontheprojectandtheproduct.
 Notetheoverallaccuracyoftheri
skprojecti
onsothattherewillbe
nomisunderst
andi ng.

The intentifthese st
epsar eto consi
derr isksin a mannert hatl
eadst o
prior
it
izati
on.Nosof t
wareteam hasther esour cestoaddresseverypossi
ble
ri
skwi ththesamedegr eeofr i
gor.Bypri
orit
izingrisks,t
heteam canall
ocate
resourceswher etheywil
lhavethemostimpact .

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 1
7 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
2.
2.3Ri
skPl
anni
ng

Af
terest
imat
ingallt
her
isksandr
iskef
fect
s,wewi
l
llookhow t
o
managethi
skindofri
sks:

Withthekindofpr oactiveri
skswewi l
lprepar
et heplanforhow to
managetheser i
sks,wewi l
lthi
nkaboutt hei
ropti
ons,ift
hei
rkindsof
ri
sksarefaci
ngandi ftheyarereact
iveriskswehavet omanaget hem
onthespottoavoi
dt heirdanger
ouseffects:

Ri
sk Ri
skManagement
Wewi l
lprovidesomemor et i
me( approx.
Possi
bil
i
tyofget
ti
ngi
l
lness.
oneweek)t opr epar ethesof tware.
We wi l
lcheck f orot hercomponent s,
Possibi
l
it
iesoft
hecomponent sar enot
which have the same ef fectas t hose
avai
labl
e.
component s.
Wewi l
lmanagef ort henewcomponent s
Possibi
l
it
yofcomponentnoteff
ective.
oft
hatkind.
Possibi
l
it
iesofhardwar
er esourcesar e Wewi llmanagef oropt i
onalhar dware,
notavail
abl
e whil
estart
ingt hepr oject.
Possibi
l
it
y of r obot control
ler not
Wet r
ytoar rangeanewcont rol
ler.
avai
labl
e.

2.
3Est
imat
ion

2.
3.1Ef
for
tEst
imat
ion

Eff
ortesti
mati
onmet hodsareoneoft heimportanttool
sf orproj
ect
managersin contr
oll
ing human resources ofongoing orf ut
ure sof
tware
pr
oject
s.Theestimati
onsrequirehi
stor
icalpr
ojectdat
aincludi
ngprocessand
pr
oductmet r
icst
hatcharacteri
zepastproj
ect
s.

Soft
warecostandef
for
test
imati
onwi l
lneverbeanexactsci
ence.Too
many var
iabl
es human,t
echni
cal
,envi r
onment ,pol
i
ti
calcan affectthe
ul
ti
mat
ecostofsof t
war
eandeff
ortappl
iedtodevelopit
.However,soft
ware

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 1
8 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 projectesti
mation can be tr
ansformed f
rom a black artto a ser
ies of
systemati
c steps t
hatpr ovi
de esti
mate wi
th acceptabl
er i
sk.To achi
eve
rel
iablecostandeff
ortest
imates,anumberofoptionsari
se:

 Sof
twar
eSi
zi
ng

 Functi
onpoi
ntsi
zi
ng
 Standar
dcomponentsi
zi
ng

 Pr
obl
em-
BasedEst
imat
ion

LOCandFPdat
aar
eusedi
ntwowaysdur
ingsof
twar
epr
ojectEst
imat
ion:
-

 Asanesti
mati
onvariabl
etosizeeachelementofthesoft
war eand
 Asbasel
i
nemat r
icescol
lect
edf r
om pastpr
ojectsandusedinconjunct
ion
wi
thest
imati
onvari
ablest
odevelopcostandef f
ortproj
ect
ions.

 Schedul
es

Obtai
n an ear
lyvi
ew ofstaf
fi
ng requir
ementsand constr
aint
s,and
demonstr
ate t he i
mpactofchanging deadl
ines,under
staf
fi
ng,and st
aff
l
oadi
ng.

 Qual
i
ty

Quant
if
ythei
mpactondef
ectr
atesofbui
l
dingt
odeadl
i
nesorr
educi
ngst
aff
.
 Ri
sk

Finetuneri
sklevel
sf orallt
hemajortypesofr
isk:si
ze,r
equi
rement
s,
t
echnology,maint
enance,systemsint
egr
ati
on,anddef
ects.

3.
0Syst
em Requi
rement
sSt
udy

3.
1UserChar
act
eri
sti
cs

Ther
ear
e4t
ypesofuserdeal
i
ngwi
tht
hesyst
em.

UserA?Admi
nist
rat
or

Admi
nist
rat
or:Admi
nishavi
ngal
lt
her
ight
sont
heappl
i
cat
ion.

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 1
9 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
UserB?Empl
oyee

Empl
oyee:
Empl
oyeeoft
hecompanyi
soneoft
he4user
soft
hispr
oject

UserC?AnonymousUs
er

AnonymousUser:Anyonewhovi
si
tswebsi
te.Andanyper
sonappl
yi
ngf
ort
he
post
edjobonthewebsit
e.

UserD?Cl
i
ent

Cl
ient
:Thi
sist
her
egi
ster
eduser
.Whocomet
oknowabouthi
s/herpr
oject
’s
pr
ogress

3.
2Har
dwar
eandSof
twar
eRequi
rement
:

Har
dwar eSpecifi
cat
ion:
Processor :Int
elDualbasedsyst
em
ProcessorSpeed :1
GHzt o2GHz
RAM :256MBt o512MB
HardDisk :4GBt o30GB
Keyboard :104keys

Sof
twareSpecif
icati
on:
Language :JDK1 .
6
Database :Oracl
e9i
Operati
ngSystem :
Wi ndowsNT/
XP/
Vist
a
RAM :512MB

3.
3Const
rai
nts:

Gener
alConst
rai
nts

1)Thi
ssystem wi
llnottakecar eofanyvi r
usproblem thatmightoccuront he
computerwit
hwhi chiti
si nst
all
ed.Avoidi
ngtheuseofpi r
ated/i
l
legalsof
tware
andensuri
ngthatfl
oppiesandot herremovablemedi aarescannedf orvi
ruses
befor
eusecouldmi ni
mi zethepossibi
li
tyofvi
rali
nfecti
on.
2)Recoveryofdataaf t
erasyst em crashwil
lbepossibleonl yi
fbackupsar e
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 20 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 takenatregularint
erval
s.
3)Manuali nt
er f
acescannotbeful
l
yavoided.Document
edproofsl
i
kedates
etc.wil
lhavet obever i
fi
edbytheconcer
nedstaf
fbefor
eent
eringi
tint
othe
computerizedsystem

Har
dwar
eConst
rai
nts

The perf
ormance oft he syst
em willbe dependenton the machine
condit
ions.Thepr imarymemor y( RAM)andt hesecondarymemor y( Hard
DiskSpace)r equir
ementoft hesystem wil
lbet hesameasthatrequir
edby
thenor malapplicat
ionand theoper ati
ng system.And t
hespacer equi
red
stor
ingthedata.Thespacer equiredtostor
et hedatawoul
dincreaseasmor e
andmor er
ecordsar eaddedtothesystem.

Assumpt
ionsandDependenci
es

a.Iti
sassumedt hattheuserisfami
l
iarwi
ththebasi
ccomputerf
undament al
s.
b.Timelybackupofdat ashouldbet
akentoavoiddatal
ossi
ncaseofsystem
crash.
c.Floppi
esandot herremovablemediashoul
dbescannedforvi
rusesbef
or e
use.
d.Iti
sassumedt hatt
hemai nt
enanceoft
hedatabasewil
lbeassi
gnedt
othe
author
izedpersononly.
e.Onlyauthor
izedpersonswil
lbeall
owedinsi
dethesyst
em

4.
0Syst
em Anal
ysi
s

4.
1St
udyofCur
rentSyst
em

TheOBSAdmi
nist
rat
ionf
all
sshor
tofcont
rol
l
ingt
heempl
oyee’
s

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 21 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 acti
vit
iesinanalyzi
nghis/
herstr
engthsandweakness.Thedecisi
onfor
appraisalofassi
gningnextproj
ecttot
heemployeeortotrai
nhim/herto
enhancet heskil
ls–wher el
ieswit
hproperpr
oject
ion.Heisnotprovi
dedwi t
h
thedet ai
l
edpr oj
ectinf
ormati
ondoneortobeassignedbasedonAppl icat
ion/
Vert
icals.

4.
2Pr
obl
em andWeaknessesofCur
rentSyst
em

 Needofextramanualeff
ort.
 I
tusedtotakemuchtimet ofi
ndanyempl
oyee
 Notverymuchaccurate.
 Dangeroflosi
ngt
hefil
esinsomecases.

4.
3Requi
rement
sofNewSyst
em

Decision in assi
gni ng properski l
l
fulhands f ort he projectis an
i
mpor tantissueinOBSModul e.TheOBSAdmi nist
rat
orshouldrepor twit
ht he
personalholdingt henecessar yski
ll
srequiredfortheprojectassi
gnment .The
decisi
oni nmaki nganal ysisabouttheempl oyee’sski
ll
sisapr imei mportant
beforeboot i
ngi n.Thepr oposedsystem ofOBSModul eistherightsoft
war e
to be incorporated i
ntot he Aut
omat i
on ofOBS Sof twareforhel ping the
organizati
onneedswi t
hr especttoskil
fulHumanResour ce.
The proposed syst
em pr ovi
desdet ai
lgeneralinf
ormation aboutthe
empl oyee al
ong with Educati
onal,Certi
fi
cati
on,Skil
land Projectdetail
s.It
enhancest heOBSManagementi nadding,viewi
ngandupdat ingempl oyees’
detail
s and gener at
es var i
ous r epor
tsr egar
ding employee’s skil
land
exper i
ence.Suggesti
onsandGr ievancespostedbytheemployeesar eupheld
fortakingcareofthenecessarystepsinforwardi
ngcompany’sobl i
gati
on.
.
ADVANTAGESOFPROPOSEDSYSTEM:

 Veryfastandaccur ate.
 Noneedofanyext ramanual ef
fort
.
 Nof everofdataloss.
 Justneedal i
tt
leknowl edget
ooper at
ethesyst
em.
 Doesn’trequi
reanyext rahar
dwaredevice.
 Atlastveryeasytof i
ndtheemployees.

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 22 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
4.
4FEASI
BILI
TYSTUDY:

Oncet heprobl
em iscl earl
yunder
stood,thenextst
epi st
oconductfeasibi
l
it
y
study,whichi
shigh- l
evelcapsul
ever si
onoftheenteredsyst
emsanddesi gn
process.Theobj
ectivei stodet
erminewhetherornottheproposedsystem i
s
feasi
ble.Thet
OBSeet estsoff
easi
bil
it
yhavebeencar r
iedout.

 Techni
calFeasibi
l
it
y
 EconomicalFeasi
bil
it
y
 Operat
ionalFeasi
bil
i
ty

 TECHNI
CALFEASI
BILI
TY

I
nTechni calFeasi
bil
it
ystudy,onehast ot estwhethert hepr oposedsystem
canbedevel opedusingexist
ingtechnologyornot .Iti
spl annedt oi
mplement
theproposedsystem usingjavat echnology.Itisevidentthatt henecessar
y
hardwareandsof twareareavail
ablefordevel opmentandi mplementati
onof
theproposedsystem.Hence,t hesolut
ionistechnicall
yfeasibl
e.

 ECONOMI
CALFEASI
BILI
TY

Aspar tofthi
s,thecostsandbenef i
tsassociat
edwi ththepr oposed
system compared and the pr
ojecti s economical
lyfeasibl
e onlyif
tangibl
eorint
angi
blebenefi
tsoutweighcosts.Thesystem devel
opment
costs wil
lbe si
gnif
icant
.So t he proposed system is economicall
y
feasibl
e.

 OPERATI
ONALFEASI
BILI
TY

I
tisast andardthatensuresint
eroperabi
l
itywithoutst
if
li
ngcompeti
ti
on
andinnovati
onamonguser s,t
othebenefitoft
hepubl i
cbothint
ermsof
costandser vi
cequal i
ty.Theproposedsystem isacceptabl
etousers.
Sothepr oposedsystem isoper
ati
onall
yfeasi
ble.

4.
5Requi
rement
sVal
i
dat
ion:

RequirementVal
idat
ionex
aminest hespeci
fi
cati
ont oensurethatallsyst
em
requir
ementshavebeenstat
edunambi guousl
y;thoseinconsi
stenci
es,err
ors
havebeendet ectedandcorrect
edandt hewor kpr oduct
sconf or
mt othe
standard.

Ther
earemanyr equi
rement
sfr
om userper
spect
iveandt
akencar
ewhi
l
e
desi
gni
ngasyst
em,areasfol
l
ows:

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 23 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
  Dynami cnat ureofsyst em.i .e.Syst em changei tswor kingdependi ngon
sit
uat ion.
 Componentbaseddef initi
onofsyst em.i.e.System i sdividedintosmal ler
component swhi chwi l
lwor ki ndependent lyalsother ecombi nedaf fortis
resul tintoout putofsyst em.
 Flexibi l
ityofsyst em.i .
e.Sys tem shoul dwor kwi t
hgr eateasewi thdi ff
erent
typesofdocument s.
 Flexibl eDat abasedesi gns houl dbedonet oaccommodat einformat i
onabout
newi nput .
 Flexibl ef ront-enddesi gns ot hatitcans upportfunct i
onal i
tyofal lt
ypesof
i
nput .
 Back- endshoul dnotaf fectf ront -
endorvi cever sa.
 AllDat abasechangesshoul dbedonebyf ront-
endonl y.
 Simpl i
cityshoul dbet her einsyst em desi gn.
 Userf riendlinessshoul dbeachi eved.
 Syst em shoul dbeeasi lyMai ntainabl eandAdapt i
ve.
 Desi gnf orsuchs ystem i scr eatedi nsuchawayt hatrelatedinfor mationis
kepti nsamet abl es.
 Differ enti nformat i
onr elatedt odi ff
er entcomponenti sstoredindi fferent
tables.
 Tomaket het askofdat aent ryeasyvar iouscomboboxesandl istThe
Dat abasedesi gnshoul dsuppor ttheaccommodat i
onofnewcomponent
i
nf ormat ioni naway,sucht hatitshoul dal l
owt ocont inuet heexi st
ing
relationshi pwi ththeot hercomponent sandot herpar t
sofsyst em.boxesar e
desi gnedsot hatusercanhavet oj ustselecttheval uesf rom thegi venopt ions.

4.
6Funct
ionsofSyst
em:

UseCase:

Usecasei sadescr i
pti
onofasetofsequenceofact
ionsthatasystem
perfor
mst hatyieldsanobservabl
eresul
tofval
uetoaparti
cul
arthi
ngin
amodel .Gr aphical
ly,UseCaseisrenderedasanell
ipsewithdashed
l
ines,usual
lyincludi
ngonlyi
tsnameasshownbel ow.

Pl
aceOr
der

08-CE-1
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08-CE-1
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er
Engi
neeri
ng
 USECASEDI
AGRAM:
-

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 25 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
4.
7Dat
aModel
i
ng:

4.
7.1Fl
owchar
toract
ivi
tydesi
gn:

ACTI
VITYDI AGRAM:
AnAct i
vi
tyDi agram isessent
ial
l
yaf low chartshowi
ngf l
ow ofcont
rolfr
om
acti
vi
tytoactivi
ty.Theyareusedt omodelt hedynamicaspect
sofassystem.
Theycanalsobeusedt omodel thefl
owofanobj ectasitmovesf
rom st
ateto
st
ateatdiff
erentpointsi
ntheflowofcont r
ol.
Cont
ent:
Acti
vit
ydiagramscommonl ycontai
n:Fork,Star
t&EndSymbol

ACTI
VITYDI
AGRAM:
-

08-CE-1
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08-CE-1
3 26 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
4.7.
2Cl assDiagram/E-Rdi agrams:
Classdiagramsaret hemostcommondi agr
amsf oundi nmodeli
ngobj ect
-
ori
ented systems.A cl ass diagr
am shows a setofcl asses,int
erf
aces,and
coll
aborationsandthei
rrelati
onshi
ps.Gr
aphi
cal
l
y,aclassdiagram i
sacollect
ionof
vert
icesandar cs.

CLASSDI
AGRAM:
-

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 27 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
Cl
assDi
agr
am i
sagr
apht
hatr
epr
esent
sther
elat
ionshi
pbet
weent
he
cl
assesandr
epr
esent
sthei
rsemant
ics.
 Her
eATM wor
ksasmai
ncl
ass.Al
lot
hercl
assesar
erel
atedwi
tht
his
cl
ass.ATM doesf
oll
owi
ngoper
ati
ons:
- Ver
if
y_pi
n()

- Check_bal
ance(
)
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 28 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 - Cash_wi
thdr
awal
()

- Mi
nist
atement
()

- Pr
int
_recei
pt(
)

- Anot
her
_tr
ansact
ion(
)

 ATM car
drel
atedwi
thATM t
hroughmanyt
omanyr
elat
ionshi
p.
I
tdoesf
oll
owi
ngoper
ati
ons:
-I
nser
t_car
d_i
nto_ATM(
)

-I
nser
t_Pi
n_code(
)

- Remove_car
d_af
ter
_tr
ansact
ion(
)

 Accounthol
derr
elat
edwi
thATM t
hroughmanyt
omanyr
elat
ions
hip.
I
tper
for
msf
oll
owi
ngoper
ati
ons:
- Wi
thdr
awal
()

- Tr
ansf
er(
)

- Bal
ance_i
nqui
ry(
)

 ATM ser
verr
elat
edwi
thATM byoneormanyt
ooneormany
r
elat
ionshi
p.I
tal
soper
for
mssomet
askshownasbel
ow:
- Updat
ing_af
ter
_each_t
ransact
ion(
)

- Changi
ng_t
he_pi
n_code(
)

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 29 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 - Showi
ng_exact
_bal
ance_af
ter
_each_t
ransact
ion(
)

 BankManageras
soci
atedwi
thATM t
hroughoneormanyt
oone
r
elat
ionshi
p.ATM i
snotr
elat
edwi
tht
hiscl
ass,butdependentont
his
cl
ass.Sot
her
eisadependentr
elat
ionshi
passi
gnedt
othem.Bank
Managerdoesf
oll
owi
ngt
asks:
- Managi
ng_di
ff
erent
_account
s()

- Mai
ntai
ning_suf
fi
cient
_bal
ance_i
n_ATM(
)

- Access_t
o_t
he_ATM_ser
ver
()

 Her
e,acl
assBanknotr
elat
edt
oanyoft
hecl
ass,butsomecl
asses
ar
edependentont
hesecl
asseswhi
char
eshownasdependent
r
elat
ionshi
pwi
thi
t.Nor
mal
l
ythi
scl
assper
for
msf
oll
owi
ngoper
ati
ons:
- Cr
eat
e_Account
()

- Accessi
ng_Account
()

- Pr
ovi
ding_ATM_car
d()

4.
7.3Syst
em Act
ivi
tyorObj
ecti
nter
act
ionDi
agr
am:

08-CE-1
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08-CE-1
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er
Engi
neeri
ng
AnInter
acti
ondiagr
am showsaninter
acti
on,consi
sti
ngofasetofobject
sandthei
r
rel
ati
onshi
ps,incl
uding t
he messages thatmay be dispat
ched among them.
I
nteract
iondi
agramsareusedf
ormodel i
ngthedynamicaspect
soft
hesystem.

. I
NTERACTI
ONDI
AGRAM:
-

4.
7.4Dat aDi
cti
onar
y:
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 31 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 ADat
aDi
cti
onar
yisaCat
alogue–ar
eposi
tor
yofel
ementi
nasyst
em.Ast
he
namesuggest
,theseel
ement
scent
erar
ounddat
aandt
hewayt
hesear
est
ruct
ured
t
omeett
heuserr
equi
rementandsyst
em needs.I
nDat
aDi
cti
onar
ywef
indl
i
stofal
l
t
heel
ement
sar
edat
afl
ows,dat
ast
ores,andpr
ocess.TheDat
aDi
cti
onar
yst
ores
det
ail
sanddescr
ipt
ionoft
heseel
ement
s.
I
fanybodywant
stoknow how manychar
act
ersar
einadat
ait
em,bywhat
ot
hernamesi
tisr
efer
encedi
nthesyst
em,orwher
eiti
susedi
nthesyst
em,t
hey
shoul
dbeabl
etof
indt
heansweri
napr
oper
tydevel
opeddat
adi
cti
onar
y.
TheDat
aDi
cti
onar
yisdevel
opeddur
ingdat
afl
ow anal
ysi
sandassi
stst
he
syst
em devel
opmenti
ndet
ermi
ningt
heuserr
equi
rement
.

 I
mpor
tanceofDat
aDi
cti
onar
y:-

Anal
ysi
susedat
adi
cti
onar
yforf
ivei
mpor
tantr
easons:
1.Tomanaget
hedet
ail
inl
argesyst
em.
2.Tocommuni
cat
eacommonmeani
ngf
oral
lsyst
em el
ement
s.
3.ToDocumentt
hef
eat
ureoft
hesyst
em.
4.To Faci
l
it
atesanal
ysi
soft
he det
ail
sin or
dert
o eval
uat
e char
act
eri
sti
csand
det
ermi
newher
esyst
em changesshoul
dbemade.
5.ToLocat
eer
rorandomi
ssi
onsi
nthesyst
em.

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 32 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
TheFol
l
owi
ngTabl
esar
eusedwi
thi
nthesyst
em:

1
.ATM :
:

I
tpr
ovi
desi
nfor
mat
ionaboutATM’
sBank,Br
anchandCompany.

ATM

Br
anch_Code I
nteger Codeofpar
ti
cul
arBr
anch

ATM_Code I
nteger Codeofpar
ti
cul
arATM

Company St
ri
ng NameofManuf
act
urerof
ATM

2.ATM_Car
d::

I
tpr
ovi
desi
nfor
mat
ionaboutATM car
d,i
tshol
derandBank.

ATM_Car
d

Car
d_No I
nteger No.ofpar
ti
cul
arCar
d

PI
N_Code I
nteger Secr
etecodeofcar
d

Cust
omer
_Name St
ri
ng NameofCar
dHol
der

Bank_Name St
ri
ng NameofBank

08-CE-1
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08-CE-1
3 33 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 3.Account
_hol
der:
:
I
thasal
lt
hedet
ail
saboutATM Car
dhol
der
.

Account
_hol
der

Name St
ri
ng NameofAccountowner

Addr
ess St
ri
ng Addr
ess of Account
owner

Account
_No I
nteger Account no. of car
d
hol
der

Phone_No I
nteger Phone no. of Account
owner

4.ATM_ser
ver:
:
I
thasdet
ailofATM.Aswel
lasi
tpr
ovi
desi
nter
facebet
weenBankand
Accounthol
der
.

ATM_ser
ver

Manuf
act
urer
_Company St
ri
ng Name of Manuf
act
urer
Company

Name_of
_Ser
ver St
ri
ng Ser
vernamet
oident
if
yit

Conf
igur
ati
on St
ri
ng Conf
igur
ati
onsetbyBank
Manager

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 34 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 5.Bank_Manager:
:
I
tcont
ainsdat
aofmanager
swhosetandmanaget
heser
verofATM.

Bank_Manager

Name St
ri
ng NameofManager

Br
anch St
ri
ng Br
anch name wher
e
managerdowor
k

6.Bank:
:
I
tpr
ovi
desdet
ail
ofBankt
ogeti
nfor
mat
ionaboutAccountofauser
.

Bank

Bank_Name St
ri
ng NameofBank

Locat
ion St
ri
ng Locat
ionofBank

Bank_Code I
nteger CodeofBankt
oident
if
yit

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 35 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
4.
8.1Cont
extDi
agr
am

Thet op-l
eveldiagr am isoft
encalleda“contextdiagram” .I
tcontainsa
si
ngl
epr ocess,butitplaysaver yimportantr
oleinstudyingthecurrentsystem.
Thecontextdiagram definest hesyst
em thatwil
lbest udi
edint hesensethatit
det
erminest heboundar ies.Anyt hi
ngthatisnotinsidet heprocessidenti
fied
i
nthecont extdi
agram wi llnotbepartofthesyst
em st udy.

4.
8.2Dat
aFl
owDi
agr
am (
0and1l
evel
)

A graphicaltoolused t o descr ibeand anal yzethemomentofdat a

tOBSoughasyst em manualoraut omat edincludingt heprocess,storesof
data,anddel aysi nthesyst em.Dat aFlow Diagr amsar ethecent ralt
ooland
thebasisfrom whi chothercomponent sar edeveloped.Thet ransformati
onof
dataf r
om inputt oout put,tOBSoughpr ocesses,maybedescr ibedlogically
andi ndependent l
yoft hephysi calcomponent sassoci at
edwi tht hesystem.
TheDFDi salsoknownasadat aflowgr aphorabubbl echart
.
A graphicaltoolused t o descr ibeand anal yzethemomentofdat a
thr
oughasyst em manualoraut omat edincludi
ngt heprocess,storesofdat a,
anddel aysint hesyst em.Dat aFl ow Diagramsar et hecentraltoolandt he
basisfrom whi chot hercomponent sar edeveloped. Thet ransformati
onof
dataf r
om inputtoout put,throughpr ocesses,maybedescr i
bedl ogi
call
yand
i
ndependent lyoft hephysi calcomponent sassociatedwi t
hthesyst em.The
DFDi salsoknownasadat afl
owgr aphorabubbl echart.

TYPESOFDATAFLOW DI
AGRAMS:

Dat
aFl
owDi
agr
amsar
eoft
wot
ypesasf
oll
ows:

(
a)Physi
calDFD
(
b)Logi
calDFD

1
.PHYSI
CALDFD:
Str
uct
uredanalysisstat
est hatthecurr
entsyst
em shouldbef i
rst
understandcorr
ectl
y.Thephysi cal DFDisthemodelofthecurrentsystem
andisusedt oensur
et hatthecurr entsyst
em hasbeenclear
lyunderstood.
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 36 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 Physi
cal
DFDsshowsactual
devi
ces,depar
tment
s,andpeopl
eet
c.,i
nvol
ved
i
nthecurrentsyst
em.

2.LOGI
CALDFD:
Logi
calDFDsar ethe modeloft he pr
oposed system.Theycl early
shoul
dshowt her equi
rementsonwhi cht
henewsyst em shouldbebuilt
.Later
duri
ng design acti
vi
tythi
sist aken ast
he basisfordr awing t
he system’s
str
ucturechar
ts.
Dat
aFl
owDi
agr
am(
Level
-0)
:-

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 37 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 Thi
sdi
agr
am showst
heAut
omat
icTel
l
erSyst
em Sof
twar
eandt
hehar
dwar
e
t
hati
tint
eract
swi
th.Thear
rowsshowt
hedi
rect
ionandt
ypeofdat
afl
owi
ngbet
ween
t
hesof
twar
eandeachhar
dwar
eel
ement
.

Ext
ernal
Ent
it
ies:
-
CONTROLSYSTEM
Thi
ssyst
em enabl
esanddi
sabl
est
hecust
omeri
nter
faceandr
ecei
vescust
omer
r
equest
sandsyst
em r
epor
ts.Asui
tabl
eCont
rol
Syst
em woul
dbeaper
sonal
comput
erl
i
nkedt
oacent
ral
comput
ersyst
em wi
thaccesst
otheAccount
s
Dat
abase.Thecust
omeri
nter
face(
keypad,di
spl
ay,et
c)i
scont
rol
l
edbyenabl
i
ng
anddi
sabl
i
ngt
heCar
dReader
,whi
chi
sthecust
omer
'sent
ry-
poi
ntt
othesyst
em.
Request
sforst
atement
sandchequebooksar
epost
edt
otheCont
rol
Syst
em.I
tal
so
r
ecei
vesst
atusr
epor
tsf
orl
owpr
int
er-
paperandcashl
evel
s.

ACCOUNTSDATABASE
Thi
sisadat
abasecont
aini
ngaccountnumber
s,bal
ancesandot
heraccount
i
nfor
mat
ion.Dat
aisr
etr
ievedf
rom t
hedat
abasewhenacust
omerr
equest
sa
bal
ancer
epor
toracashwi
thdr
awal
.Thedat
abasei
supdat
edaf
terawi
thdr
awal
.

CARDREADER
TheCar
dReaderr
ecei
vest
hecus
tomer
'scar
dandr
etr
ievest
hePI
Nandaccount
numberst
oredoni
t.Thi
sinf
ormat
ioni
str
ansmi
tt
edt
othesof
twar
esyst
em whi
ch
enabl
est
heCust
omerKeypadandi
nit
iat
est
hePI
Nver
if
icat
ionpr
ocedur
e.When
busi
nessi
scompl
etedt
heCar
dReaderi
sinst
ruct
edt
oret
urnt
hecar
d.I
fthe
cust
omerent
ersani
ncor
rectPI
N,af
ixednumberofr
etr
iesi
sper
mit
ted,af
terwhi
ch
t
heCar
dReaderi
sinst
ruct
edt
oconf
iscat
ethecar
d.

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 38 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
CUSTOMERKEYPAD
TheCust
omerKeypadal
l
owsacust
omert
oent
eraPI
Nnumber
,sel
ectopt
ionsand
ent
ercas
hval
ues.Thekeypadi
sonl
yenabl
edwhenacar
disdet
ect
edi
ntheCar
d
Reader
.

CUSTOMERDI
SPLAY
TheCust
omerDi
spl
aypr
esent
smessages,opt
ionsandr
epor
tst
othecust
omer
.The
di
spl
ayi
sact
iveatal
lt
imes.

PRI
NTOUTDI
SPENSER
Thi
spr
ovi
dest
hecust
omerwi
thapr
int
edbal
anceorr
ecei
pt.ThePr
int
outDi
spenser
r
epor
tst
othesyst
em i
fthepaperl
evel
isl
ow.

CASHDI
SPENSER
Thi
sassembl
esanddel
i
ver
scasht
othecust
omer
.Thedi
spenserr
ecei
ves
i
nfor
mat
ionaboutt
heval
uesandquant
it
iesofnot
est
odi
spense(
1x$20,2x$5,
et
c).TheCashDi
spenserr
epor
tst
othesyst
em i
fthecashl
evel
sar
elow.

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 39 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
Dat
aFl
owDi
agr
am(
Level
-1)
:-

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 40 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 41 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 Thi
sdi
agram showsdataenter
ingandleavingt
hesyst
em.Inputdatais
recei
vedfrom t
hehardwareelementsontheleft
.Vari
oust
ypesofdataare
processedbydif
fer
entpartsoft
hesoftwaresyst
em.Outputdat
aissenttothe
elementsofhar
dwar eontheri
ght.

DFDLevel
1Pr
ocesses:
-

I
nter
actWi t
hOper ator
Thisprocessdeal
swit
hcommandsf r
om t
hesyst
em operat
or.Thesear ethe
commandswhi chenabl
eordisablethecust
omerint
erf
acebycontrol
li
ngt heCar d
Reader.Theoperatormayi
ssuet hesecommandsf r
om anot
hercomput ersystem or
byusi
ngaswi t
chonacontrolpanel.

InteractWi t
hCust omer
Thisprocesshandl esal l
interacti
onswi t
hthecustomerandoper atesonl y
whenacar di sdet ectedi ntheCar dReader .Inputisreceivedi ni
ti
all
yfrom t heCar d
Readerandt hendi r
ect lyfrom t hecust omervi atheCustomerKeypad.Thecust omer
recei vesoutputf rom t heCust omerDi splay,t hePrint
outDi spenserandt heCash
Dispenser .Cust omeri nter acti
onsmayal soi nvolvesendingr epor t
stot heCont rol
Syst em.Thei nit
ialstepofal lcustomeri nteract i
onsistover if
yt hecust omer '
sPIN
number .Afterthisamenuofopt i
onsi spr esent edont hedi splaywhi cht hecust omer
select sbypr essingappr opriatekeysont hekeypad.Theseopt ionsleadt oot her
displaysandr equest sforf urtherinput.Someopt i
onsrequir eaccountdet ail
swhich
arer etri
evedf rom t heAccount sDat abaseandmayal soinvol veupdat i
ngt he
dat abase.Dur ingt hef inal st
ageofal lcust omeri nter
acti
onst heCar dReaderi s
i
nst ructedtoei therr eturnorconf iscatet hecar d.

Prepar
eCommand
Thispr
ocesshandl
escommunicati
onwitht
heCar
dReaderhardwar
e.The
syst
em requi
rest
hatt
heCardReaderisablet
orecei
vet
hef
oll
owingcommands:

ENABLE Makest
heCar
dReaderr
eadyt
orecei
veacar
d

DI
SABLE Pr
event
stheCar
dReaderf
rom accept
ingacar
d

RETURN Ej
ect
sacar
dfr
om t
heCar
dReader

RETAI
N Conf
iscat
esanunaut
hor
izedcar
d

TheCar
dReaderi
senabl
edanddi
sabl
edbycommandsf
rom t
hesyst
em

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 42 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
oper
ator
.Acar
disr
etur
nedorr
etai
nedi
nresponset
oint
eract
ionswi
tht
hecust
omer
.

UpdateDi spl
ay
Thi
sprocessdeal swiththeCustomerDisplayscreen.Whennocar disi
nthe
CardReader ,theCust omerDispl
ayshowsgener alinf
ormation(suchas'I
nser
t
Card')
.Whenacar di sdetect
edthedispl
ayisupdat edinresponsetocust
omer
i
nteracti
ons.Ifthesystem i
sdisabl
edbyt hesyst
em oper at
or,thedispl
ayi
supdat
ed
t
oindicatethesystem status.

Thef
oll
owi
ngi
sal
i
stofscr
eenswhi
char
eshownont
heCust
omerDi
spl
ay.

Gener
alI
nformati
on -I
nser tCardandot hermessages
PI
NVerif
icat
ion -EnterPI Nmessage
MainOpti
ons -Someoral lofthefoll
owing;DisplayBalance,
PrintBalance,CashWi t
hRecei pt,CashWi t
hout
eceipt,OrderStatement,Or derChequebook,
ReturnCar d
Curr
entBalance -Customer '
saccountbal anceandcl earedfunds
Bal
ancePr i
nted -TakeYourBal ancemessage
Wit
hdrawal Opti
ons -Pre-defi
nedcashamount sandOt herAmount
CashAmount -EnterAmountf orcashwi thdrawal
CashDispensed -TakeYourCashmessage
Recei
ptPrinted -TakeYourRecei ptmessage
St
atementOr dered -StatementOr deredmessage
ChequebookOr dered -ChequebookOr deredmessage
CardReturned -TakeYourCar dmessage
CardRetai
ned -CardRet ai
nedmessage( forfail
edPINVer i
ficat
ion)

PrepareMessage
Thisprocesspr
eparesandtransmi
tsmessagestotheCont
rol
Syst
em.These
messagescanber equestsf
rom cust
omersforst
atement
sandchequebooksor
report
sconcerni
ngthelevel
sofpri
nter-
paperandcash.

PreparePrint
out
ThisprocesspreparesandcontrolstheuseofthePr i
ntoutDispensert
opr oduce
balancereport
sandr ecei
pts.Thecust omer
'sbalanceisretr
ievedfrom t
heAccount s
Database(ifr
equired)
.Ift
hepr i
nter-paperl
evelbecomesl owopt i
onswhichinvolve
pri
ntoutsaredisabl
edandawar ningmessageissentt otheCont r
olSyst
em.

ManageWi
thdr
awal

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 43 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
Thisprocessreceivesrequest sf orwi t
hdrawalsofspecifi
camount sf rom acertain
accountandoper atest heCashDi spenser.Beforeproceeding,thecust omer'
s
detail
sintheAccount sDat abasear echecked.I ft
herequestexceedst hecustomer '
s
balance(oragreedover dr
af t
)t hewi t
hdrawal i
sdenied.Thesyst em usesa
denomi nati
onselecti
onal gorithm basedont henotesavailableandtheamount
requir
ed.TheAccount sDat abasei supdatedaftereachwi t
hdrawal.Ifthecashl evel
becomesl ow,opt i
onspr ovidingcashwi thdrawalsaredisabledandawar ni
ng
messagei ssenttotheCont rol System.

4.
8.3Pr
ocessSpeci
fi
cat
ionandDeci
si
onTabl
e

1.AdminLogin
I
fadmi n_l
ogi n=tr
ue
Thengi verightstoaccesstheappli
cat
ionaswel
lasadmi
n
funct i
onali
ties
El
se
Shower r
ormessage
Endif
2.Userl
ogin
I
fuser_login=true
Thengi verightstoaccesstheappli
cat
ion
El
se
Shower r
ormessage
Endif
3.Ent
ryofdet ai
lsofr espect i
vefor
mst osaveindatabase
I
finf
ormat i
onent ered=valid
Thensave
El
se
Shower r
ormessage
Endif
4.Ent
ryofdet ai
lstoupdat etherecordsindat
abase
I
finf
ormat i
onupdat ed=val i
d
Thendoupdat eindat
abase
El
se
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 44 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 Shower r
ormessage
Endif
5.Generat
ereports
I
fparameterforrepor
t=val
id
Thenviewt her
ecor
ds
El
se
Shower r
ormessage
Endif

4.
8.4Cont
rol
FlowDi
agr
am:
-

08-CE-1
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08-CE-1
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er
Engi
neeri
ng
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 46 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 5.
0Test
ing

5.
1Test
ingPl
an:

Anysystem,tobes uccess
ful
,mustbethoroughlytes
ted,andwell
managedt estplanshouldbepr epar
edbeforeactualt
es t
i
ngisbeingperf
ormed.
“Modules”havebeendev elopedandneedtobetes t
edinamannert hatcan
reduceoccurri
ngofdef ectsaslowaspossibl
e.Foll
owingaretheacti
vi
ti
eswe
plannedtotestthes
y st
em.

1.Thissys
tem i
sindeedanev ol
uti
onar
ysy
stem s
oev
eryuni
toft
hes
yst
em i
s
cont
inuousl
yundert
esti
ngphas
e.

2.Onetestact
iv
it
y“Basi
sPathTesti
ng”thatwil
lt
rytocoveral
lpat
hsi
nthes
yst
em.
Thi
sacti
vi
tyidenti
fi
esal
lpat
hsthatpr ovi
dediffer
entfunct
i
onali
t
yofthes
yst
em,
andal
sootherpathstor
eachatthatfunct
ional
i
ty.

3.Othert
est
ingacti
vi
tyis”Cont
rolSt
ruct
ureTes
ti
ng”,whi
chwi
l
ltes
teachand
ever
ycondi
ti
onwit
hpos i
t
iveandnegat
ivedat
acombinat
i
on.

4.Thi
stes
ti
ngacti
vi
tywil
lal
soperform“ Dat
aFloeTest
ing”i
nwhi chi
twil
lbetes
ted
how thedat
ar efoll
owingthesy stem.Andwi l
lalsocheckwhet herthedata
ent
eredfr
om oneprocedur
e,isr
eflectedwheneveri
trequi
resornot
.

5.Allcondi
t
ionswil
lbetes
tedwit
h“Boundar
yVal ueAnal
ysi
s”wheredif
fer
ent
i
nputwill
begivent
otes
twhethert
hesy
stem i
sfuncti
oni
ngwit
hboundar
yv al
ues
ornot.

6.Al
ongwit
htheboundaryval
ueanal
ysi
s,t
hes y
stem i
salsotes
tedwith“
Range
Val
ueTes
ted”wher
eedit
ableval
ueswi
l
lbetest
edwi t
hrangesofval
ues
.

7.Thesy
s t
em isbei
ngtest
edin“
UnitTes
ti
ng”mannerwher
eatt
hecomplet
i
onof
oneuni
tthati
stest
edthor
oughl
ywit
habov ement
i
onedtest
i
ngact
iv
it
ies
.

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 47 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 8.Thei
ntegr
ati
ontes
ti
ngwil
lal
sobeperf
ormedt
oens
uret
hatt
hei
ntegr
ateduni
t
i
sworki
ngproperl
ywit
hot
herunit
sornot
.

5.
2Test
ingSt
rat
egy:

CONTENTTESTI
NG:

Er
rorsi
nPr oj
ectcontentcanbeast rivi
alasminortypographi
caler
ror
asincor
rectinf
ormati
on,impr operorgani
zati
onorvalidati
on ofint
ell
ect
ual
pr
opertylaws.ContentTesting att
emptt o uncoverthi
s and many other
pr
oblemsbeforetheuserencounterthem.

ContentTest
ingObject
ives:
Ther
ear ethr
eetypesofobject
ives.

1)Touncoversynt acti
cer r
orsint
ext-
baseddocument s,graphi
cal
representat
ionandot hermedia.
2)Touncoversemant i
cer ror
sinanycontentobj
ectrepresent
edasnavigat
ion
error.
3)Tof i
nderrorsinorganizati
onorst
ruct
ureofcontentthatispresent
edtot
he
end- user
INTERFACETESTI NG

Int
erface design modelisreviewed t
o ensur
et hatgeneric qual
i
tycri
teri
a
establi
shedforalluserint
erfaceshavebeenachi evedandt hatappl
icati
on
specifi
cint
erfacedesi
gnissuehasbeenpr oper
lyaddressed.

Int
erfacetest
ingstr
ategy:
Theover al
lstrat
egyf orinter
facet est
ing i
sto(1)Uncovererr
orrelatedto
specifi
cInter
facemechani sms ( 2)uncovererr
orsinthewayt heinterf
ace
i
mpl ementsthesemant icsofnavi gati
on,WebApp functi
onal
i
ty,orcont ent
dis
play.Toaccompl i
shthisstr
ategy,anumberofobject
ivesmustbeachieved:

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 48 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
  I
nter
facefut
uresaretestedt
oensur
ethatdesi
gnrul
es,aest
het
icsandr
elat
ed
vi
sualcont
entareavail
ablef
ort
heuserwit
houter
ror
.

 Indi
vi
dualint
erf
acemechanismsaret
estedi
namannert hati
sanal
ogousto
unitt
esti
ngForexampl
e;testsar
edesi
gnedtoexer
ciseall
for
ms,cl
ient
-si
de
scri
pti
ng,dynamicXML.

Test
ingI
nter
f sms:
aceMechani -

Whenauserint
eract
swithasyst
em,t
hei
nter
act
ionoccur
sthr
oughoneor
mor
eint
erf
acemechanisms.

For
ms:-
Atamicr
oscopi
clevel
,test
sar
eper
for
medt
oensur
ethat

1.Labelscor rectl
yi denti
fiedfiel
dswi t
hint
hef or
m andt hatmandatoryf
iel
dsare
i
dent i
fi
edvi suall
yf ortheuser .
2.Theser verr eceivesallinformationcont entwithinthefor
m andthei
rnodata
arelostinthet ransmi ssionbetweencl i
entandser ver
.
3.Appropr iat
edef aultsar eusedwhent heuserdoesnotsel ectf
rom apull
down
menuorsetofbut tons.
4.Browsingf unct i
onsdon’ tcorr
uptdat aent eredintheform.
5.Scri
ptst hatper f
or m errorchecki ngondat aenteredwork.
6.Properlyandpr ovidemeani ngful er
rormessage.
Cli
entsidescr i
pt i
ng:-

Bl
ackboxtest
sareconductedt
ouncover anyerrori
npr ocessi
ngas
Thescri
ptisexecut
ed.Thesetestsarecoupl
edwi t
hf ormst est
ingbecause
scr
ipti
nputi
soft
enderivedf
rom datapr
ovi
dedaspar tofformsprocessi
ng

Dynami
cXML:
-

Herethedatatransferbet
weent hesystemsoccursinthefor
m ofxmlfi
le.
The f
ormatt
ing ofthe XML fi
le shouldremain unal
ter
ed.Changesint
he
i
nter
nalatt
ri
bute str
uctur
e can also l
ead t
o an err
or.Hence f
orthi
sXML
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 49 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 par
singf
unct
ional
i
ti
esar
epr
ovi
dedont
hecl
i
entsi
de.

Appli
cati
onspeci
fi
cinter
facemechani
sms:-
Testconf
ormst
oacheckl i
stoff
unct
ional
i
tyandf
eat
urest
hatar
e
defi
nedbythei
nter
facemechanism.

 Boundar
ytestmi
nimum andmaxi
mum numberofi
tem t
hatcanbepl
acedi
n
t
oshoppingchar
t.

 Testt
odet
ermi
neper
sist
enceofi
magecapt
urecont
ent
s.

 Testt
odeter
minewhet
hert
hesyst
em canber
ecor
dco-
ordi
nat
econt
entat
somefut
uredate.

USABLI
TYTESTI
NG:
-

Usabi
l
it
ytestmaybedesi
gnedbyPr
ojectengi
neer
ingt
eam.

1
.Def
ineasetofusabi
l
it
ytest
ingcat
egor
iesandi
dent
if
ygoal
foreach.

2.Desi
gnt
estt
hatwi
l
lenabl
eeachgoal
tobeeval
uat
ed.

3.Sel
ectpar
ti
cipant
swhowi
l
lconductt
est
.

4.I
nstr
umentpar
ti
cipant
’si
nter
act
ionwi
thsyst
em whi
l
etest
ingi
s
conducted.

5.Devel
opamechani
sm f
orassessi
ngt
heusabi
l
it
yoft
hesyst
em.

The f
oll
owi
ng t
estcat
egor
ies and obj
ect
ive i
l
lust
rat
e est
abl
i
sh
t
est
ing:

I
nter
act
ivi
ty-Ar
eint
eract
ionmechani
sm easyt
ounder
standanduse?

Layout-Ar
enavi
gat
ionmechani
sm,contentandf
unct
ionpl
acei
namanner
thatal
l
owstheus
ert
ofindt
hem qui
ckl
y?

Readabi
l
it
y-I
sthet
extwel
lwr
it
tenandcl
ear
?
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 50 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 Aesthet
ics-Dol
ayoutcol
or,t
ypef
ace,andr
elat
edchar
act
eri
sti
csl
eadt
oease
ofuse?

Displ
ayCharacter
ist
ics-Doest
hesyst
em makeopt
imaluseofscr
eensi
ze
andresol
uti
on?

TimeSensi
ti
vi
ty-Cani
mpor
tantf
eat
ures,f
unct
ionsandcont
entbeusedi
na
ti
melymanner?

Accessi
bil
i
ty-I
sthesyst
em accessi
blet
opeopl
ewhohaveDi
sabi
l
it
ies?

COMPATI BI
LITYTESTI NG:-
Proj
ectmustoper at
ewithinenvironmentthatdi f
fersfr
om oneanot her
.
Dif
ferentcomput er,displ
aydevice,OS,br owserandnet workconnecti
on
speedcanhavesi gnifi
cantonsyst em operati
on.TheProjectteam deri
vesa
seri
esofcompat i
bil
it
y,vali
dati
ont est
s,derivedfrom exist
inginter
facetest
s,
navi
gat i
ontests,performancetestsandsecur it
yt est
s.
5.3TestingMet hods:

Analyze and check s

yst
em repr
esent
ati
on such as the r
equi
rement
document,desi
gndiagramsandthepr
ogr
am sourcecode.Theymaybeappli
ed
atal
lst
agesoftheprocess.

Uni
tTest
ing

Modul
eTest
ing

Sub-syst
em
Test
ing

08-CE-1
2 Syst
em Test
ing
08-CE-1
3 51 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 Acceptance
Testi
ng

Ther
ear
edif
fer
entModelsoft
est
ing.Ont
hebasi
soft
est
ingmet
hodst
her
e
aret
wot
ypesoft
est
ing:

1.Whi
te-
boxt
est
ing.

2.Bl
ack-
boxt
est
ing

1
).WHI
TE-
BOXTESTI
NG

White-
boxtesti
ngsometi
mescalledglass-
boxtest
ing,isatestcasedesi
gn
methodthatuserst
hecontr
olst
ructur
eoft hepr
oceduraldesi
gntodri
vethe
t
estcase.

 Logicalerr
orsand incor
rectassumpt i
on areinver
sel
ypropor
ti
onalt
ot he
probabil
i
tythatapr
ogram willbeexecut
ed.Error
stendt
ocreepi
ntoourwork
wedesi gnand implementfuncti
on,conditi
onorcontrolt
hati
soutoft he
mainstr
eam tendst
obewel lunderst
ood.

 Weof t
enbeli
evet hatal
ogi
calpat
hisnotl
i
kelyt
obeexecutedwheninf
acti
t
maybeexecut edonar egul
arbasi
s.Thelogi
calf
low ofaprogr
am t
imes
count
erint
uit
ive.

2)
.BLACK-
BOXTESTI
NG:
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 52 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 Forourpr oj
ectperiodi
call
ywehavetest
edoursof
twar
eusingblack-
box
test
ing.Thi
nkingasacl ientwehaveeval
uat
edthesof
twar
ef orit
seasy
goingandconvenience.

 Uni
tTest
ing:

Duri
ngthepr ogr
ammings t
ageseachandeveryf
orm,modul
esandcl
ass
t
reat
ed unithas been putint
othe t
estdata.Ever
y modul
eistes
ted
i
ndependent
ly.Thest
epsarefol
l
ows:

1.Manual l
ycodei stes
tedlikespell
i
ngchecks,logi
canderrors.
2.Oncet hemanual checkingisovert hecompli
cat
ionhasbeendone.
Syntacti
cal er
ror
sifanyhavet obecor rect
ed.
3.Aft
erthecl eancomplicati
onthepr ogram,somedummydat a,as
specif
icati
on,hasbeenusedf ort
est i
ngofthemodulet
oseei fitwor
ks
asspecifi
ed.

I
ntegr
ati
onTest
ing

Aft
erouri ndi
vi
dual’smodul
eswer etest
edoutwegot hei
ntegrat
edtocr
eate
acompl etesystem.Thi si
ntegr
ati
onpr ocessi
nvol
vesbuil
dingthesyst
em
andt est
ingther esul
tants
ystem forprobl
emsthatari
sef r
om component
i
nteracti
on.

Per
for
manceTest
ing

Performancet est
ing i
sdesigned t
otesttherunt
imeperf
ormanceofthe
syst
em wi thi
nt hecontextofthesyst
em.Thesetest
swereperfor
medas
modul elevelaswel lassystem l
evel
.Indi
vi
dualmodul
esweretestedf
or
requir
edper f
ormance.

Condi
ti
onTest
ing

Perf
ormancet
est
ingi
sat
estcasedesi
gnmet
hodt
hatexer
cisest
hel
ogi
cal
condi
ti
ons.

I
nter
faceTest
ing

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 53 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 Interf
acest
ingisintegr
alpartofint
egr
ati
on.Weexami nedthecodetobe
testedandexpli
cit
lyli
steachcalltoanexter
nalcomponent
.Inthesys
tem
standardst
est
sforGUI shavebeenperfor
med,whichar
easfoll
ows:

 Theposi
ti
onandr
elat
edl
abel
sforal
lcont
rol
swer
echecked.

 Val
i
dat
ionsf
oral
li
nput
swer
edone.

 Pul
ldowncont
rol
swasver
if
iedf
orpr
operf
unct
ional
i
ty.

 Whethert
henon-edi
tabl
etextcont
rol
sdisabl
ingandi
twasal
sover
if
iedt
hat
i
tdoesn’
texceedt
hemaximum all
owedlength.

5.4TestCases:
(
1)I
nval
idParameterSet
ti
ng.

TestCase:
-
I
fthecamerasar
ecal
i
brat
edinawr
ongmanner
,thent
heval
uesder
ivedf
rom
t
heimageswouldbei
ncor
rect
.

Sol
uti
on
Solut
ionoft
hiscasei
sthatwehavetochecktheval
uesfr
om t
he.
CSVf
il
eand
seetothatt
heyarewit
hintheper
missi
bler
angeornot.

(
2)Li
ghtsour
cemovesoutoft
hecamer
apl
ane.

TestCase:
-
I
ftheanyuserbymi st
akemovest heli
ghtsour
ceoutofthecameraplane,t
he
capt
uredimagewoul dthennotcont
ainanyco-or
dinat
einf
ormat
ion.

Sol
uti
on
Sol
uti
onofthiscaseist
hatt
her
eisacondit
ionkeptwhennoco-
ordi
nat
esar
e
ext
ract
edpassont heval
ueoft
heori
gin.

08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 54 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
 (
3)I
fanyoft
hecamer
asar
enotconnect
ed.

TestCase:
-
I
fthecamerasar edi
sconnect
edf
rom t
hecomput
ert
hei
nit
ial
i
zat
ionoft
he
pr
ocesswil
lnotoccur
.

Soluti
on:
-
Soluti
onofthiscaseisthatuserhastobeawar eofallthehar
dwarehasbeen
correct
lyconnectedtot hesystem beforeini
ti
ali
zat
ion.Userhastokeepa
checkli
stofall
thesystem befor
eini
ti
ali
zi
ngthesystem.

(
4)I
fapr
operbasei
snott
aught
.

TestCase:-
I
ftheuserteachesaninval
i
dbaset
hent
her
eremai
nchancesoft
her
obott
o
col
li
dewit
ht hesur
roundi
ng.

Sol
uti
on
Solut
ionofthi
scaseist
hatuseri
snotawareaboutt
hebase,andt
hent
he
usershoul
dexecutet
her
obotmoti
oni
nT1test
ingmode.

(
5)Communi
cat
ioner
rorbet
weencont
rol
l
erandcomput
er.

TestCase:
-
I
fuserisunabletoconnectt
hecomputert
othecont
rol
l
er,t
henuserwoul
dnot
beabletopassont heco-or
dinat
eval
ues.

Solut
ion
Solut
ionofthiscaseisthatuserhastof i
rstestabli
shtheconnect
ivi
tyby
confi
guri
ng t
he ApiConfi
gfi
le,and check the connect
ing Et
her
netcabl
e.
Successf
ulconnect
ioncanbeknownbyusingt hePINGcommand.

08-CE-1
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er
Engi
neeri
ng
 6.
0Li
mit
ati
onandFut
ureEnhancement

Li
mit
ati
on:
 Alt
houghIhavet ri
edtoaddal l
therel
atedfeat
urestothisonl
ineBus
Reser vati
onSystem butther
ear eal
sosomel i
mitat
ion.
 Thissystem isst
andalonesystem sodatasaveddur i
ngdiff
erent
processesar est
oredint hemachineinwhichthatprocesswas
execut ed.
 Sot hereistheproblem ofdi
str
ibut
eddatabase.

Fut
ureEnhancement
:
 Asdiscussedthelimi
tat
ionofthi
ssyst
em,wecani mpl
ementt hi
sas
cl
ient/ser
versyst
em.Soal l
thedatawil
lbest
oredi
nthesingl
emachine,
andf oranypurposeall
thedatawil
lberet
ri
evedfr
om t
hiscentral
database.
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 56 Comput er
Engi
neeri
ng
  Sother
ewil
lbenohumanworkr
equi
refort
heemployee.Therewil
lbe
onl
yonepersonr
equi
redwhowi
ll
maint
aint
hiscent
ral
database.

Concl
usi
on

Backin1 969,Chemi calBankannouncedt hatanewf orm ofbankingwas

beinglaunched.Wi t
hthat,cust omerswer eprovidedwi t
hpl ast
iccardsdesignedwi th
amagnet icstripthatcouldbeusedwi thamachi nebui l
tintoawal l
.Gonewer et he
daysofhavi ngt ostandinlineforat ell
erornothavi ngmoneyonhandaf ternormal
bankinghour s.Almostever yonehashear dofandusedanATM machi ne.
I
nteresti
ngly,someofpeopl efeelthatATM machi nesaret hebestthingtohappeni n
thebankingwor l
dwhi l
eot herpeopl econsiderthem acur se.Themai ncompl aint
heardaboutATM machi nesi sthatwhilet
heyar econveni ent ,t
heyareexpensi veto
use.However ,i
fwel ookati tfr
om abanki ngper spective,businessisbusiness.
Regardlessofwhatwet hinkofATM machi nes,thereisnodoubtt hattheyhave
changedt hewor l
dandt hewayi nwhi chwedot hings.Forexampl e,thinkhowmany
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 57 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
ti
meswehavebeenoutsomewher eonlytodiscoverwehavenocashandwear e
outofchecks,ah,buti nthecor ner,t
hereisanATM machi ne.Intheblinkofaneye,
weswi pethecar dandnowhavecashonhand.I naddit
iontopul l
ingmoneyout ,t
he
ATM machi nealsomakesi tconvenienttodepositmoney,t r
ansfermoney,and
checkbal ances.Bestofall
,touseanATM machi ne,wedonothavet ogot othe
bank.Wewi l
lfi
ndATM machi nesatot herbanks,grocerystores,shoppingmal l
s,
alongthe
roadside,Buckingham Palace,airport
s,incasi
nos,andevenont heSout hRim ofthe
Gr andCanyon.Fort hi
sreason,ATM machi nesareextremelyhel pful
!

Bi
bli
ogr
aphy

BookRef
erence

 Fundament
alsofSof
twar
eEngi
neeri
ng
ByRaj
ibMal
l
Soft
wareEngi
neeri
ng
ByIanSomervi
ll
e
 Anal
ysi
sandDesignofI
nfor
mat
ionSyst
ems
ByJamesSenn
08-CE-1
2
08-CE-1
3 58 Comput
er
Engi
neeri
ng
Websi
teRef
erence

 www.
googl
e.com
 www.
ask.
com
 www.
micr
osof
t.
com
 www.
ii
t.
edu.
com

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er
Engi
neeri
ng