515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS CSEC Physics WORKBOOK EXERCISES 1: FUNDAMENTAL & DERIVED QUANTITIES,MEASUREMENT, GRAPHS : STATICS : ENERGY, MACHINES : HYDROSTATICS : THERMAL PHYSICS : WAVE PHENOMENA, SOUND : ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, LIGHTS, LENSES 8: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 9: NUCLEAR PHYSICS 10: MISCELLANEOUS SET NOARWN bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic 126515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 1:FUNDAMENTAL & DERIVED QUANTITIES, MEASUREMENTS, GRAPHS 1. Write out the following in full: a.10° —_b.2x 10° ¢.6.9x104 d.1.72x 10? 2. Express the following decimals in standard form: a.0.6 — b.0.094 0.00034 —d. 107 100 3. What is the number of significant figures in each of the following measurements? a.2.71m b.7.20m c. 4.5 x 108 d.0.081m 4. Calculate the volume of a rectangular block with sides 3.1 cm x 5.5 cm x 2.0 cm, giving your answer to the correct number of, significant figures. 4. Write the values of: a.300cmin m b. 500 gin kg c.1500 min kg d.250msin s e.0.5s inms £.0.8minmm 6. Whatis the length of the object in Fig. 2.147 sm scale rier Fig. 2.14 object 7. What are the screw gauge readings in Fig. 2.15a, b? bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic 21126515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 2H (a) Fig. 2.15 8. A piece of steel has a volume of 12 cm® and a mass of 96 g. What is its density in a) g cnr, b) kg mr? 9. What is the mass of 5 m? of cement of density 3000 kg m2 10. The distances, s (in meters) travelled by a car at various times, f, (in seconds) are shown below. sim 0 2 8 18 32 50 ts 0 1 2 3 4 5 Draw graphs of: a) s against f, b) s against &. What can you conclude? bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ane515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 2: STATICS 1. Explain the following: a. Walking on wet ice is difficult b. [tis difficult to strike a match on a smooth surface c. Aborigines light fires by rubbing pieces of wood together d. Speedboats have sharper bows than barges e. Racing cyclists wear smooth, tight clothes 2. Explain the following: a. Agun recoils when it is fired b. Firemen have to brace themselves when aiming a firehose c. You, by yourself, can move our planet 3. What information can you get from: a. The gradient of a distance—time graph? b. The gradient of a speed—time graph? c. The area under a speed—time graph? 4, The speed—time graph below is for a car travelling along a straight road. bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic anes515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Oe he Wea Ig my 2128. ‘time ins al What is the acceleration during the first 10 s? b What is its retardation during the last 5 s? °) What is the distance travelled during the first 10 s? d) What is the total distance travelled? e What is the time taken for the whole journey? f) Whats the average speed for the whole journey? A.girl uses a spanner of length 20 cm to tighten a nut. If she pulls at right angles to the end of the spanner with a force of 50 N, calculate the moment of her pull ‘What difference would it make to the moment if the angle between her arm and the spanner was increased from 90° to 120°? bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic 51126515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 6 Aboy of mass 40 kg and a girl of mass 30 kg play on seesaw of negligible weight. the boy sits 270 cm from the pivot ofthe seesaw, where must the gi sito make it balance? 7. Infig. 41 AC represents a trap door of width 100 om whichis hinged at A, The \eight ofthe trap door is 30 N and is centre of gravity is 45 cm from A. An object is placed on the trap door so that its weight of 40 N acts through B which is 25 em from A. Figures. Redraw and show on the diagram these two forces and add a force applied vertically at ‘C which just lifts the door. Calculate the magnitude of this force at C. ‘8. Fig. 4.2 shows a uniform plank AB, The plank is 5.0 m long and is pivoted at O, where AO i 20 m. A boy of weight 600 N sits wih his ontreof gravity veticaly above a point C which is 1.0 m from O as shown in the diagram. The plank is in ‘equilibrium. Calculate the weight of the plank. Fgwed2 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic er26515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS a) You are provided with a pivot (kife edge), a uniform metre rule and a 0.4 NN weight. Describe how you would find the weight ofthe rue without using any other apparatus. Explain clear how you would calculate the final result from your measurements b) By giving tree examples, one for each of bodies in diferent states of equilibrium, explain what is meant by (i) stable equilibrium. (ji) unstable equilibrium, (i) neutral equilibrium. In each case, state what happens to the centre of gravity of the body when the body's equllbrium is disturbed. (MB) AAtable lamp (see fig. 43a) has a circular base of diameter 120 mm and a height of 300 mm. It stands on a rough horizontal surface. The centre of mass of the table lamp is 90 mm above the base. Figued.3 centre of mass “ ) on 300mm ‘50mm ey @) With the help ofa ciagram, explain why the table lamp topples when a ceftain angle of tits exceeded. Find the value of this angle. b) Explain why itis possible forthe centre of mass tobe only 90 mm above the base, and describe a simple experiment to check the accuracy of this position ©) When a horizontal force of 8 Nis applied at the top of the table lamp as shown in rig. 4.36 the table lamp just begins to pivot about its base. Cleulate the mass of te table lamp, bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic 126515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 4) Give two reasons why fiting a thin but heavy metal isc of diameter 160 mmm tothe base would improve the stably. 11, _ Whatis meant by the centre of gravity of an object? Describe how you would find by experiment the centre of gravity of a thin, irregularly shaped sheet of metal Explain why a minibus is more likely to topple over when the roof rack is heavily loaded than when the roof rack is empty. ‘Ametre rule is supported on a knife edge placed at the 40cm graduation. It is found that the metre rule balances horizontally when a mass which has a ‘weight of 0.45 N is suspended at the 15 om graduation, as shown in fig. 4.4, Figure 44 Calculate the moment about the knife edge in this balanced condition of the force due to the mass of the rule. If the weight of the rule is 0.90 N, calculate the position of its centre of gravity. 12. Fig. 4.5 shows a uniform metre rule, of weight 1.00 N, suspended from two spring balances. Aloadis attached tothe extreme right-hand end (C). The sping balance attached to the extreme left-hand end of the rule (A) reads 0.25 N. The spring balance attached at Ba distance x from the right-hand end reads 1.25 N. bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ariz6515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Figure 45 ‘What is the weight of the load and the value of the distance x? 13. A mechanic uses the spanner shown in fig. 4.6 to turn aboltB —_intoa threaded nut. The force P used to do this is applied ina Figure 46 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic onze515722, 10:00 aM a) b) °) 4) ®) (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS ‘Sketch a simple, labelled diagram showing the forces acting in a horizontal plane on the spanner as it begins to tum the bolt, if an effort of €0 Ns applied 15 om from the axis ofthe bot, calculate the moment ofthe forces opposing the effort as the spanner just begins to tum. i) Name the principle used in obtaining your resut in (0) above, ji) State this principle. Explain why, if the mechanic uses a longer spanner, the effort needed will be smaller, but the energy he expends in turing the spanner trough one revolution will be the same. ‘Suppose the same spanner were used in a vertical rather than a horizontal plane, describe, with a labelled diagram, how you would measure the effort that would now be needed to just tum the bolt. Would you expect the value ofthe effort in (e) to be greater or less than that used in (a)? Give a reason for your answer Part B- Answer ALL questions Question 1 (a) Explain what is meant by the moment of a force about a point. (2 marks) Figure 1 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic sar515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Figure 1 above represents a cross section of a table knife being used to prise off the lid of a can. (b) The knife when used in this manner acts as a simple machine. State the name of the simple machine. (1 mark) (c) On Figure 4, (i) indicate the position of the pivot, P, and (ii) draw an arrow to show the direction of the force, F, which the knife exerts on the lid. (2 marks) (d) Calculate the moment of the 30 N force about P. (3 marks) (e) Calculate the magnitude of the force, F, which the knife exerts on the lid. (Ignore the mass of the knife.) (3 marks) (The can exerts an upward force at point, P, on the knife. What is the value of this force just before the lid moves? (2 marks) (g) Ifthe force, F, is too small to lift the lid, suggest TWO changes you might make to increase the value of F. (2 marks) Total 15 marks Question 2 (a) With the aid of a labelled diagram describe an experiment to determine the centre of gravity of an irregularly shaped sheet of cardboard. (8 marks) (b) Figure 2 shows a bicycle of mass 15 kg resting in a vertical Position, with the front and back wheels touching the horizontal ground at points P and Q respectively, where PQ = 1m. The centre of gravity of the bicycle is vertically above O, a point on PQ where PO = 30 cm. "1 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic wns515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS | Kec. g. along this line Figure 2 Given that the normal reactions of the ground on the front and rear wheels are R; and Re respectively, write TWO equations, in Ri and Re, which satisfy the conditions of equilibrium. (4 marks) (c)_ Kenny and Candy decided to sit on a see-saw while visiting a local play park. Candy, of mass 50 kg, sat 250 cm from the pivot of the seesaw. (i) Where should Kenny, of 60 kg mass, sit so that a state of stable equilibrium exists? (5 marks) (ii) What should Kenny do if he wanted to elevate Candy? (Acceleration due to gravity = 10 N kg ~') Total 20 marks Question 3 Two mechanics use ropes to lift an engine out of a car. The ropes are at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. See diagram below. Both men pull with the same force, i.e.. 400 N. 12 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic 21126515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Weight (a) Draw a vector diagram showing how the TWO forces can be added to give an upward force to balance the weight of the engine, and find the weight of the engine. (5 marks) (b) ()__ Explain why itis easier to use a pulley system than to use the ropes attached to the engine. (1 mark) (i) Suggest TWO ways that energy would be wasted by the pulley system so that it would not be 100% efficient. (2 marks) (iii) Describe fully how you would measure the efficiency of such a pulley system in the laboratory. (5 marks) (c) The forearm is a lever in which the bicep muscles provide an upward force which can raise the arm and carry a load. The diagram below represents the forearm as it holds a load of 60 N. The forearm has a weight of 25 N and the centre of gravity, G, of the forearm is marked along with the point, P, at which it pivots on the adjoining bone 13 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ran515722, 10:00 aM (i) (ii) (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Use the principle of moments to calculate the force, B, exerted by the biceps to hold the arm and load stationary. The adjoining bone pushes down on the forearm at the point, P, with a force, R. By considering the upward and downward forces, calculate the value of R. (7 marks) Total 20 marks Question 4 fa) (ii) Define the moment of a force and state the principle of moments. Describe how you would find the centre of gravity of a piece of cardboard of irregular shape. (8 marks) (b) Figure 4 represents a tray held horizontally by a waiter. The tray has a weight of 6 N and supports a drink of weight 3 N. The waiter provides a force at P. The tray may pivot about point T. (i) (ii) 14 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic Figure 4 Use the information in Figure 4 to find the force provided by the waiter at P and the upward force the hand exerts at T. The drink is moved along the tray closer to the hand. Is the force needed at P to keep the tray horizontal now less, greater or the same? Explain your answer. sain515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (iii) How much work is done by the waiter in lifting the tray and drink through a height of 0.60 m? (12 marks) Total 20 marks Question 5 (a) (i) __ Define the term ‘moment of a force’ and state the principle of moments. Explain what is meant by the ‘centre of gravity’ of an object. Describe how you would find the centre of gravity of a thin irregular plane sheet of cardboard. (8 marks) (b) Figure 5 shows a table lamp of mass 1.5 kg. (i) Calculate its weight and the moment of force of the weight about point B. (i) A horizontal force, F, is applied along the line XY to make the lamp topple. Find the minimum value of F. (iii) A heavy metal ring is placed on the base AB. Explain how this increases the stability of the lamp. (Acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s~2) (12 marks) Total 20 marks Question 6 (a) (i) Describe an experiment to determine the position of the centre of gravity of a metal sheet of uniform thickness. 15 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic 151126515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Your account should include the apparatus you would use and a brief account of a suitable procedure. (ii) State the condition which the position of the centre of gravity of a body must satisfy in order that the body be stable. (8 marks) (b) Two uniform planks each of mass 10 kg and length 2 m are arranged as shown in Figure 6. D. P i————— kK Figure 6 (i) Find the maximum value of x for which the top plank will remain in equilibrium. (ii) A 15 kg mass is placed at P. Draw a diagram showing the forces acting on the upper plank when it is just about to topple. Use your diagram to calculate the value of x for which the upper plank just begins to topple. (8 marks) (c) Two uniform rods both of length 2 m are arranged at right angles as shown in Figure 7, D and E are the mid-points of rods AC and AD respectively. 16 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic reit26515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS c 2m D a E B <—_______> 2m Figure 7 (i) Inyour answer booklet, draw a well labelled diagram of the arrangement, showing the line of action of the weight of the arrangement relative to A, B, C, D and E when it is + suspended from A and in equilibrium * suspended from D and in equilibrium. (ii) Hence, labelled diagrams of the arrangement as shown in Figure 7 and clearly indicate the position of the centre of gravity of the arrangement relative to A, B, C, D and F. (4 marks) Total 20 marks 7. 4 light aircraft is flying horizontally and its engine is pulling it in a due north direction at 80 ms. A strong wind is also blowing from the west at 20 ms1. Calculate: a) the magnitude of the combined velocity of the aircraft and the wind, 7 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic sri515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS b) the direction east of north in which the plane will be moving, c) the distance off-course the plane would be if it flew in this, direction for one hour, assuming the pilot wanted to fly due north. 8. Fig. 7.36 represents the velocity—time graph for a lift or elevator in a department store. a) Briefly describe the motion represented by OA, AB and BC on the graph. b) Use the graph to calculate: i) the acceleration of the lift ii) the total distance travelled by the lift. AB ° 203 times —» 7 A Figure 7.36 %. a) How is the resultant force acting on a body related to the change in momentum of the body? b) Which of the physical quantities mentioned in (a) are vectors? c) A motorist, driving on a straight level road, suddenly notices a roadblock and nearly has a bad accident. On a sheet of graph paper, draw a speed—time graph for his motion, given the following details: 18 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic arta.515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS + At Os the motorist, driving at 40 ms, notices the roadblock. + Because his reflexes are slow, after 1 Os he applies the brakes. These produce a deceleration of50ms 2 + After a further 0.5s, his brakes fail. + After another 2.0 s, the car comes to rest. d) Given that the distance travelled is the area under the speed— time graph, and that the car stopped just at the roadblock, calculate how far away the roadblock was from the motorist when he first noticed it, e) If the mass of the motorist and his car together is 1 000 kg, calculate the value of the resultant force which retarded the car when the brakes were working. 10. Two planes of the same mass collide head-on and become tangled so that they move on together. If the engines of both were stopped at the moment of impact and the speeds of the planes at impact were 120 ms” and 200 ms": find the joint velocity immediately after collision 19 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic sart26.515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 3: ENERGY, MACHINES 1. Aman lifts a parcel weighing 5 newtons from the ground on to a shelf 2 metres high. How much work does he do on the parcel? 2. What are the energy transformations for each of the following: a. Acclockwork toy A Bunsen bumer A motor-bike A hair-dryer A battery-powered TV set paeg 3. Aman lifts a weight of 300 N through a vertical height of 2 min 6 seconds. What power does he develop? 4. Accrane lifts a load of 3000 N through a vertical height of 10 m in 4 seconds. What is its rate of working in i) watts ii) kilowatts? 5. Acar of mass 1000 kg is travelling at 30 mis. a. Whatis its kinetic energy? b. It slows to 10 m/s. What is its KE now? c. What is the change in kinetic energy? d._Ifit takes 80 m to slow down by this amount, what is the average braking force? 6. A trolley is being pulled up a ramp: Calculate: a) The work done on the load (see page 20 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic zones515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS b) The work done by the effort c) The efficiency of the machine. Clues across: 1. The pull of the Earth on one — = 9.8 newtons. 8. Change in velocity divided by time taken 10. A fresh weight for Sir Isaac? 13. One joule is the energy needed to move 1 N through — metre, 14. Speed equals distance travelled divided by 15. Source of wisdom! 17. Like action or reaction? 18. Velocity and force are —, 21. Your most valuable equipment in experiments. 23. Physics is — special! 25. Power is work done divided by —. 26. An electric — transfers electric energy to kinetic energy. 27. Not the first unit of time? 28. A wound-up spring has — energy. a bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic 2unes515722, 10:00 aM 22 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 31. It might make you move. 32. Shortened unit of electric current. 35. What is the unit! 36. You have been, all term. 37. Newton's First Law: a stationary object, with no resultant force acting on it, remains at —. 38. 3.141 592 653 589 793 238 462 643 383 279 502 884 197 169 399 375 105 8.... 39. Speed? Not quite. 40. If a velocity—time graph is a straight line, the acceleration is Clue down: 1. and 9. A heavy lorry travelling at high speed has a lot of this. 2. Newton's Third Law: apply a force in, the reaction is —. 3. Ina little, while you have the turning effect of a force! 4. Newton's Third Law: apply a force to the west; the reaction is to the —, 5. Force is measured in—. 6. Aman walking at 2 m/s for 4 seconds covers a distance of — metres. 7. It keeps you going when the car crashes. 9. See 1 down. 11. The pull of gravity. 12. A joule is a unit of power — yes or no? 16. When there is a resultant force on a body, it 19. Push or pull to —a force. 20. When you divide by ‘time’, you are calculating a 21. An experimental inaccuracy. 22. A dynamo transfers kinetic energy to — energy. 24. Cold place with little friction. 28. Rate of working. 29. Take in fuel. bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic anes515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 30. An electric fire transfers electric energy to heat and — energy. 33. A city where you might be in’clined to experiment! 34. An engine transfers — energy to kinetic energy. 36. If the mass is 6 kg and the volume is 3 in3, then the density is kg/m3 Clues down: 4: HYDROSTATICS 23 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ane515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 1. Agit in stiletto heels is more likely to damage a wooden floor than an elephant. Why? 2. Ablock of concrete weighs 900 N and its base is a square of side 3 m. What pressure does the block exert on the ground? 3. Ina hydraulic press a force of 20 N is applied to a piston of area 0.2 m2, The area of the other piston is 2 m?. What is a) the pressure transmitted through the liquid, b) the force on the other piston? 4. Whats the pressure 100 m below the surface of sea water of density 1150 kg m°? 5. metal block is weighed (a) in air, (b) half-submerged in - water, (c) fully submerged in water, (d) fully sbmerged in a strong salt solution. The readings obtained, though not necessarily in the correct order, were 5 N, 8 N, 10.N and 6 N. Which reading was obtained for each weighing? 6. Explain why a balloon filled with hydrogen rises, while one full of air sinks. On labelled diagrams show the forces acting on the balloon in each case. 7. Ablock of wood of volume 50cm3 and density 0.6 g cm3 floats ‘on water. What is (a) the mass of the block, (b) the mass of water displaced, (c) the volume immersed in the water? (Density of water = 1g cm3.) 8. Aswimmer dives off a raft in a pool. Does the raft rise or sink in the water? What happens to the water level in the pool? Give reasons for your answer. 5: THERMAL PHYSICS 24 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic zane515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 1. Fig. 8.1 shows a copper and a wooden rod placed in a water bath. Both rods are covered with wax. What change is observed ‘on the rods as the water is heated by the immersion heater? What does the observation tell you about copper and wood? Figure 8.1 immersion neater 2. a) Describe and explain with clear diagrams, why light breezes ‘occur on an otherwise calm day at the seaside and these are in different directions at night and day. b) Describe and explain an experiment to show that water is a poor thermal conductor. cc) What molecular movements occur in the process of thermal conduction? 3. Fig. 8.2 shows the metal shade and bulb of an electric reading samp. Redraw the diagram and add arrows to indicate the convection currents in the air inside the shade when the lamp is in use. State the processes by which heat is transferred from the bulb filament to the shade. Why does the shade eventually reach a steady temperature? 25 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic 2sii26515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Figure 8.2 4. Two similar cans are partly filled with equal quantities of paraffin. Each holds a thermometer, is covered by a lid and stands on a wooden bench at the same distance from a radiant heater as. shown in fig. 8.3. One can has a dull black surface the other a bright silver surface. Figure 8.3 dull bright black heater + By The following temperatures are recorded: Time in minutes O12 #4 Temperaturesin°C, dullblack 1? 21 23.25 a 8 Temperatures n°C breitsiver 19 20 21 22 23 Se eee ee a) Why can we say that the cans are not heated by conduction? b) Why can we say that the cans are not heated by convection? °) By what process are the cans heated? d) Do equal quantities of heat fall upon the two cans? e) Why is there a difference between the rates of heating of the two cans? 26 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic 2e26515722, 10:00 aM f) b) (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Explain an advantage of using paraffin rather than water in the cans. Describe an experiment which you would carry out to show how the nature of a surface affects the heat radiated from that surface in a given time. State any precautions which you would take and state your findings for two named surfaces. How would you then show that the surface which was the better radiator was also the better absorber of radiation? As the surface of a pond freezes it is found that cad, equal increase in the thickness of the ice takes longer to form even when the air above the ice remains at the same temperature. Explain why this is so. In the experiment shown in fig. 8.4 the ice remains intact for several minutes as heating progresses. Explain how this can beso. Figure 8.4 ice weighted with copper gauze 6. Fig. 8.5 shows an electric hot plate being used by a cook to heat a saucepan containing water. 27 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ames515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Figure 8.5 handle | saucepan|| water [E bral a) By what method is heat transferred through the saucepan to the water? b) Explain how convection current is created in the water. ¢)_ The cook is rather proud and keeps the saucepan including the base highly polished. Explain any advantages and disadvantages which arise from keeping the saucepan highly polished. Figure 8.6 he 7. Fig. 8.6 is a simple diagram of a vacuum flask with an enlarged view of the part in the circle. a) Whats the material of the items labelled A and C? 28 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic anes515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS b) What types of transfer of heat energy are reduced or prevented by the items marked B, C and D? c) Explain why A is effective in reducing heat transfer. Fig. 8.7 shows a device which switches off a domestic appliance when it reaches the desired temperature. a) Whatis this device called? b) Name two domestic appliances which make use of this device. c) What property does material Z possess? d) What materials could be used for X and Y? e) Explain why bending occurs when the device is heated. Figure 8.7 The graph in fig.8.8 illustrates the changes in volume which ‘occur when a fixed mass of pure Ice initially at -10°C is heated from -10°C to 20°C. a) What changes in volume are indicated by the following sections of the graph? b) i) The section AB ii) The section BC 29 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic zones515722, 10:00 aM bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic c) 10. a) b) (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS iii) The section CD What can you deduce about the density at D? Figure 88 ~ volume i ema! —> “4 32 | =10 ° 10 20 temperature ia C=» Describe three experiments, one for each process, which show that heat energy may be transferred by conduction, convection and radiation. What is meant by the specific heat capacity of a substance? A beaker contains 1 kg of water at a temperature of 15°C. It is heated for 6 minutes by a Bunsen burner which produces 14kj per minute. Assuming that the beaker absorbs no heat and that all the neat from the burner is absorbed by the water, calculate i) the total amount of heat absorbed by the water; ii) the temperature rise of the water, iii) the maximum temperature of the water. (Assume that the specifics heat capacity of water is 4200 J/(kgk)) 30 ones515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 11. Explain the following: a) An iron gate feels cold to the touch but its wooden gatepost feels comparatively warm. b) Cloudless nights in winter are often frosty. c) The cavities between the walls of some modern houses are filled with plastic foam. d) The contents of certain cooking pots may continue to boil for a short time after removal from the source of heat. 12. a) Fig. 8.9 shows the essential parts of a sample refrigerator circuit. Figure 89 At compressor ( volatile liquid i) Explain carefully what is happening in the pipes at A, stating clearly why this achieves the desired result. ii) Whyis A situated at the top of the refrigerator? ii) | Why arc the fins metal and what is their purpose? iv) Name another machine in which metal fins are used to achieve the same purpose. 31 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic aunas515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS v) The walls of the cabinet, B, are sometimes filled with crinkled aluminum foil. Why? vi) A person who leaves open the refrigerator door: to cool the room on a hot day in summer will not succeed. Give the reasons for this. b) Explain why a chest type deep freezer (lid at top) is thought to be more efficient than an upright type (door at side). (L) Kinetic Theory 1. In an experiment to estimate the size of a molecule of olive oil, a drop of the oil, of volume 0, 12 mm’, was placed on a clean water surface. The oil spread into a patch of area 60 x 10° mm?. Use these figures to estimate the size of a molecule of olive oil pointing out any assumption you make. 2. a) i) Describe how you would show Brownian motion of smoke particles in air. Your answer should include a labelled diagram of the apparatus and an account of the observations you would expect to make. ii) Explain your experimental observations In terms of the kinetic theory of matter. b) i) Describe how you would demonstrate the process of diffusion in liquids. Your answer should include a labelled diagram of the apparatus and an account of the observations you would expect to make. Comment on the speed of diffusion and the factors which affect it. ii) Explain your experimental observations In terms of the kinetic theory of matter. (JMB) 32 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ane515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 3. a) Describe experiments, one in each case to demonstrate the process of diffusion in (i) gases and (ii) liquids. For each experiment sketch the apparatus you would use. b) For one of the experiments you have described, explain the diffusion process in terms of the kinetic theory of matter. (JMB) 4. Asolid has a fixed volume and shape, a liquid has a fixed volume but takes up the shape of its container whilst a gas will fill any volume and take up the shape of its container. Explain these observations in terms of the forces between molecules the average distances between molecules and the motion of molecules. (JMB) 5. The kinetic theory describes the behaviour of a gas in terms of the following properties of its molecules: mass, speed, momentum, kinetic energy and number per unit volume. Choosing the appropriate quantities from this list explain the following: a) Agas ina container at room temperature exerts a pressure on the walls of the container. b) When more of the same gas, at the same temperature, is introduced into the same container, the pressure increases. c) When two samples of a gas, at different temperatures, are introduced together into a container, they will eventually reach the same temperature. 4) Container A in fig. 9.1 holds a sample of gas at a high pressure and container B an equal volume of the same gas, at the same temperature and at a lower pressure. When shutter S is moved to open the hole between A and B, the pressures in A and B eventually reach the same intermediate pressure. ) Inn experiment to observe the Brownian motion of smoke particles in air, the smoke particles move at speeds very 33 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic sane515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS much less than the average speed of the gas molecules in the air. (0&C) Figure 9.4 6. a) Asmall glass beaker containing a thermometer is partly filled with a volatile liquid (e.g. ether) and air is bubbled violently through the liquid for several minutes. Discolor what you would observe happening and explain your observations. b) Explain what is meant by the term ‘Brownian motion’. 7. An inflated car tyre is considered to have a constant volume regardless of any changes in temperature or pressure. Use the kinetic theory of gases to answer the following, a) How does the air in the tyre exert a pressure on the walls of the tyre? b) Why is the pressure the same at all points on the inside walls of the tyre? c) What happens to the pressure on the inside walls of the tyre if the temperature of the air increases? Explain your answer. d) More air is pumped into the tyre whilst the temperature is kept constant until there are twice as many molecules as before. Explain why you would expect the pressure to be doubled. 34 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic anes515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Temperature 1. a) Explain what is meant by (i) lower fixed point and (ji) upper fixed point. Explain their importance in setting up a temperature scale. b) Describe how you would rind the position of one of these points on an uncalibrated thermometer. c) Sketch a graph showing how the volume of a fixed mass of water varies as itis cooled from 10°C to -5°C. Explain the significance of this graph to the freezing of freshwater ponds and streams. (GMB) 6. Fig. 10.1, which is drawn to scale, shows a mercury in glass thermometer with only 0° C and 100° C markings shown on it. a) What temperature is the thermometer recording? b) State one advantage of making the bulb of the thermometer of thin glass. ¢) State two ways in which a clinical thermometer differs from the thermometer shown in the diagram. (AEB) Figure 10.4 SESS 3. a) i) Explain why when constructing a mercury-in-glass thermometer you would make the bore of the glass tube narrow, and the glass of the tube thin. ii) Describe how you would check the accurate of the O°C mark on a mercury-in-glass thermometer. iil) State two ways in which a clinical thermometer differs from a laboratory mercury-in-glass thermometer. b) i) Define heat capacity. 35 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic a8i26515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS ii) A thermometer of heat capacity 7u/k records 20°C. When it is placed in 0.02 kg of hot water contained in a vessel of negligible heat capacity it records 80°C. Explain why the true temperature of the hot water was different from 80°C before the _ thermometer was placed in it and calculate the true temperature (AEB) a) Asmall glass beaker containing a thermometer is partly filled with a volatile liquid (e.g, ether) and air is bubbled violently through the liquid for several minutes. Describe what you would observe happening and explain your observations, b) Explain what is meant by the term ‘Brownian motion’. (JMB) Explain the following: a) Anion gate feels cold to the touch, but its wooden gatepost feels comparatively warm. b) Cloudless nights in winter are often frosty. c) The cavities between the walls of some modem houses are filled with plastic foam. d) The contents of certain cooking pots may continue to boil for a short time after removal from the source of heat. e) Two identical thermometers, left hanging side-by-side in the laboratory, may indicate different temperatures if the bulb of one of the thermometers has been covered with cotton moistened with water. (C&C) Fig. 10.2 shows a column of dry air at 18°C trapped in a glass tube by a thread of mercury. The tube is then immersed in water at a uniform temperature of 90° C. bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic e286515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS mercury thread 7mm a) Calculate the length of the air column at 90°C. b) What information can you give with regard to the pressure on the air column in both situations? (AEB) 7. _ Fig. 10.3a shows a syringe, calibrated in centimeters, with a gas- tight piston which is free to move. The cross-sectional area of the syringe is 12.0 cm?. The syringe contains a mass of gas at 300K and 1 000kPa (atmospheric pressure) and the reading on the scale is then 5.00, a) Find the volume of the gas in the syringe at 300K. b) All the gas in the syringe is to be heated to a higher uniform temperature. Describe how you would attempt to do this. c) The volume and temperature of the gas in the syringe were measured for a series of increasing temperatures. Redraw the axes in fig. 10.3b and sketch the volume-temperature 37 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ames515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS graph which should be obtained. The point P on the graph shows the original values of the volume and temperature. c) Calculate the volume of the gas in the syringe when the temperature becomes 400K and the pressure exerted by the piston on the gas is increased to 500 kPa. Figure 10.3, a) - en r mA volume“em walume at 300K] —— = = = =P 1 temperaturerk —> 300 8. Fig. 10.4 shows an apparatus which can be used to investigate how the volume of air changes with its temperature while its pressure remains constant. a) What measurement would you make which would represent the volume of the trapped air? Explain your answer stating the assumption you are making. b) Describe briefly how you would measure the temperature of the air in the capillary tube. State two precautions you would take to ensure that your temperature measurement was as accurate as possible. 38 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic aen26515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS c) Why is the air enclosed by a plug of concentrated sulphuric acid? d) The table below contains corresponding values of temperature obtained in such an experiment. Figure 10.4 Temperature °C | 20 | 40 60 80 100 Volume / mm? 58.5 | 63.0 | 66.5 | 71.0 | 75.0 Plot a graph of volume on the y-axis against temperature on the x-axis. Use your graph to obtain values for (i) the volume of trapped air at O°C, (ii) the temperature, at which the volume of the trapped air would become zero. 2) Whats the significance of the temperature in (4) (i)? What assumption about the behaviour of the gas did you make when you calculated the temperature in (d) (ii)? f)_ What conclusion might be drawn from the results of this experiment? (ome) 9. The results shown in the table below were obtained in an experiment to verify Boyle's law. Pressure (kN/m?) 400 |320__ | 160__| 80 Volume (mm) 2.0 25 5.0 10.0 (mm) Volume“ ) 05 39 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic 3026515722, 10:00 aM 10. 11. 40 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS a) Copy the table and complete it. b) Plot a graph of pressure on the y-axis against —' — on Volume the x-axis. ©) State the relationship which this graph shows between pressure and volume. 4) From your graph calculate the volume when the pressure was 240 kN/m2. e) State which two physical properties of the gas were kept constant. (JMB) A narrow uniform tube closed at one end contains gas enclosed by a pellet of mercury 150 mm long. With the tube vertical and the open end upwards, the gas occupies a length of 300 mm, but when the tube is inverted the gas occupies a length of 450 mm. a) Why does the mercury not fall out of the tube when it is. inverted? b) Calculate the atmospheric pressure at the time of the experiment. Ig = 10 N/kg and the density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm*) a) Explain what is meant by the absolute zero temperature. Describe a simple experiment which you could perform in your school laboratory which would allow you to estimate the value of absolute zero on the Celsius scale of temperature. Sketch the apparatus which you would use, list the observations you would make and show how these observations would be used to arrive at the final result. What result would you expect? b) A motor car tyre contains a fixed mass of air. The pressure of the air was measured as 200 kN/m? above atmospheric pressure when the air temperature was 17°C. After a high- speed run the air pressure in the tyre was measured again and was found to be 230 kN/m? above atmospheric bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic 4oni26515722, 10:00 aM 12. a) b) 13.) b) (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS pressure. What was the new temperature of the air in the tyre if its volume remained constant? (Atmospheric pressure on the day was 100 KN/m?.) (JMB) Describe how you would establish experimentally the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of dry air maintained at room temperature. State and explain any precautions which would be taken and show how you would use your readings to demonstrate the relationship. Explain why a bubble of air increases in volume as it rises from the bottom of a pond to the surface. If the volume as it just reaches the surface is double that at the bottom of the pond. Estimate the depth of the pond, (Assume that the water temperature is uniform, take the pressure at the water surface to be 10°N/m? (105 Pa) and the density of water to be 1000 kg/m?.) You are provided with a U-tube with both ends open, a piece of flexible rubber or polythene tubing, a millimetre scale, a stand with a clamp, and a choice of liquids. Show how you would set up the apparatus in order to measure the (excess) pressure of the laboratory gas supply. Name the liquid you would use and indicate how you would state your value. (b) A vessel of fixed volume contains gas at a temperature of 300 K. What would happen to the pressure, if the temperature were increased to 600K? How would you account for this change in pressure in terms of the kinetic theory? (AEB) 14. A pressure cooker with a weight on the needle valve is heated until the water boils. a) Is the temperature of the water greater than, less than or equal to 100°C? 41 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic anne515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS b) Ifthe needle valve sticks what will happen? c) Aclimbing expedition to Mount Everest finds that a pressure cooker is essential to cook its food effectively. Explain why this is so. 15. State what changes, if any, take place in the following: a) The melting point of ice when salt is added to the ice. b) The volume of water when it changes to ice ¢) The boiling point of a liquid when the pressure on the liquid is reduced. d) The density of molten wax (which contracts when it solidifies). Thermal Properties 1. Inasample experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium a 50 W Immersion heater is inserted in a 2 kg block of aluminium, which also holds a thermometer, as shown in fig. 1A. Figure 11.1 SOW heater 2kg aluminium a) How much heat is supplied by the heater every second? 42 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic aanee515722, 10:00 aM 2 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS b) How much heat is supplied by the heater in 5 minutes? c) Why would the temperature of the block be measured more accurately if a litle oll was poured into the thermometer hole? 4) [tis found that the temperature of the block rises 8 K in 5 minutes. Neglecting heat losses, calculate from this the value of the specific heat capacity of aluminium. (0) a) Describe three experiments, one for each process which show that heat energy may be transferred by conduction, convection and radiation. b) What is meant by the specific heat capacity of a substance? Abeaker contains 1 kg of water at a temperature of 15 °C. It is heated for 6 minutes by a Bunsen burner which produces 14 kJ per minute. Assuming that the beaker absorbs no heat and that all the heat from the bumer is absorbed by the water, calculate i) the total amount of heat absorbed by the water; ii) the temperature rise of the water, iil) the maximum temperature of the water. (Assume that the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 Ji(kgk) ) c) The temperature will eventually stop rising even though the current is still passing through the heating coil. ) Ifthe apparatus is used to determine the specific heat capacity of the liquid, the accuracy of the experiment will be increased if the liquid is first cooled to about 5 K below room temperature and the current passed until the temperature is about 5K above room temperature. In the above apparatus the heater supplies 36 J/s to a liquid of mass 0.5 kg and specific heat capacity 4 200J/(kgK). Calculate the rate of rise of temperature In K/min, (Neglect the effect of the container.) If allowance were made for the 43 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic aanae515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS container what effect, if any would this have on the value calculated for the rate of rise of temperature? (Explain your answer.) a) Describe an experiment to find the specific heat capacity of a liquid. State two possible sources of error and the precautions you would take to reduce the effects of the errors to a minimum. b) A12W electric heater working at its stated power is found to heat 0.01 kg of water from 20°C to 35°C in one minute. Calculate (i) the heat energy produced by the heater in one minute, (ii) the heat energy absorbed by the the water in one minute. Account for the difference in the answers to (i) and (ii), [Assume that the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 JM(kGK) (4.2 kd/(kgk)] a) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use to determine experimentally the expansivity (coefficient of linear expansion) of a material in the form of a rod or tube. Three quantities are required to obtain a value for the Expansivity i) Name these three quantities, ii) What Instrument would you use to measure each of these quantities State suitable sizes for these quantities with the apparatus you have drawn, iv) Show how you calculate a value for the expansivity using these quantities. b) A waterfall is 210 m high. The temperature of the water at the top is10.0 °C and the temperature of the water at the bottom is 10.5 °C. Use this information to obtain a value for the specific heat capacity of water. 5. Aheater supplying energy at a constant rate of 500 W is completely immersed in a large block completely immersed in a bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic anes515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS large block of ice at 0°C. In 1320 s 2.0 kg of water at 0°C are produced. Calculate a value for the specific latent heat of fusion ofice. (C) 6. A 50 W heating coil is totally immersed in 100 g of water contained in an insulated flask of negligible heat capacity. a) Ifthe temperature of the water is 20°C when the heater is ‘switched on, how long would it take for the water to boil? b) After the water has been boiling for 15 minutes it is found that the mass of water in the flask has decreased to 80g. Assuming no extemal heat losses, calculate a value for the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water, [Assume that the specific heat capacity of water = 4200 Ji(kgk) 7. a) Describe an experiment you would perform to determine the specific heat capacity of a substance by a method which converts either mechanical energy or electrical energy directly into heat energy. Your account should include details of the apparatus used, the results taken and the precautions taken to reduce heat losses. Show how the specific heat capacity is obtained from the results. b) The same heating system can be operated by one of two methods, P or Q, as shown in fig. 11.2. In method P, 10.0 kg of water pass through the system in one minute. 45 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic 4sii26515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Figure 11.2 | method P steam i m 100°C e heating sysice ee heating system) | method Q 46 Calculate: Ler out a1 90°C i) the amount of heat energy given out by system P in one minute. ii) the mass of steam flowing into system Q, in one minute, to give out the same amount of heat energy as in method P. [The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 Ji(kgk) and the latent heat of vaporization of water is 2260kJ/kg.] Describe an experiment you would carry out to determine the specific latent heat of fusion of ice, include in your account a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use and show how you would calculate the result. hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic 46126515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Using your knowledge of the simple kinetic theory, explain why it is necessary to supply energy a) to change ice into water at the same temperature, b) to raise the temperature of water, A glass containing 0.30kg of water at 0°C with 0.20kg of ice floating in it, is brought into a warm room. The water is stirred continuously. It is observed that after 300s all the ice has melted and the temperature of all of the water has risen to 15°C. Calculate ) the total amount of heat absorbed by the contents of the glass. d) the average rate at which the contents of the glass absorbed heat. (The specific heat capacity of water is 4 200 Ji(kgK) and specific latent heat of ice is 336 000 Jkg.) (a) What do you understand by the term temperature? (2) (b) How does temperature differ from heat? (c) Identify two physical properties which vary with temperature 47 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ams515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (2) (a) Draw and label the clinical thermometer. (e) State two ways in which the clinical thermometer differs from the ordinary laboratory thermometer. (2) (a) Convert 376 K to degree Celsius. a |) (b) "Reffering to the diagram below, what is the value of Xin degrees celsius? 48 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic aan26515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (3) (c) State two advantages of the thermocouple as a thermocpule. (2) (4) What principle does the thermocouple work on? (2) (e) Draw and label a diagram of the thermocouple. (4) 49 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic 4926515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (e) State one disadvantage of the thermocouple. (2) 6: WAVE PHENOMENA, SOUND 50 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic s0ni26515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 1. Figure 1.1 shows a ripple tank being used to investigate waves on the water. ha Lt ANNAN / { pm ON ipple tank Figure 1. Figure 1.2 full scale The dipper moves up and down 20 times in one second. Figure 1.2 shows, to full scale, a sideways view of the wave on the surface of the water at one instant. a. (i) Determine the wavelength of the wave in Figure 1.2 Wavelength = (ii) Calculate the speed of the water wave. State clearly the equation you use. Speed = b. The dipper is now made to move up and down 40 times in one second. The speed of the water is unchanged. (i) On Figure 1.2, draw the sideways view of the new wave. State the value of the new wavelength of the wave. Wavelength = 2. a. The scale diagram, Figure 2.1, shows plane wavefronts incident on a barrier which has a narrow gap in it. (i) Determine the wavelength of the waves before they reach the barrier. 51 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS a) (ii) What will be the wavelength of the waves after they pass through the gap? ‘) (iii) Complete Figure 2.1 below to show what happens to the waves (2) a ———————— (iv) On Figure 2.2 below, show what happens when the gap in the barrier is wider. (2) Figure 2.2 c. Two speakers, vibrating in phase, are positioned some distance apart in an open space. The crests of the waves from the speakers are shown on Figure 2.3 below. 52 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic s2ni26515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Speaker X « Speaker ¥ © Figure 2.3 (i) Explain the term ‘constructive interference’. (1) (ii) Mark with the letter C, two places on Figure 2.3 where constructive interference is taking place. (2) (iii)Explain the term ‘destructive interference’. (1) (iv)Mark, with a letter D, two places on Figure 2.3 where destructive interference is occurring. (2) (v) Describe what you would expect to hear as you walk along the line, PQ. (2) (vi) If the two speakers were moved closer together, what effect would this have on what you hear as you walk along the line PQ? 53 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic sae515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (1) Total: 15 ©.The charge stared in a car battery is usually stated using the non- Sl unit amp-hours. One amp-hour is defined as the charge stored in a battery when a current of one ampere is used to charge it for a period of one hour. Calculate the charge stored ina 40 amp- hour battery using the SI unit for charge. (3) 3. a. Table 3 below lists types of waves and their sources. Complete the table by filling in the blank spaces. In the third column, state whether the waves arc transverse or longitudinal. “Type of Wave ‘Source “Toansverse or ongituainal? Tafia-re radiation ‘Sound waves Loudspeaker Tv wanamier b. Figure 3.1 below shows a wave spreading out from the point S. The wave hits the barrier and is reflected. On the diagram, draw TWO reflected wavefronts and mark, with an X, the point from which they appear to come. (3) 54 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic sane515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Figure 3.1 ¢. Figure 3.2 below is a graph which represents the variation of the displacement, y, with time, t, as a wave passes a certain point. yl Figure 3.2 (i) Use the graph to find the amplitude of the wave. (1) (ii) How long does one complete cycle of the wave take? (1) 55 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic 5/126515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (iii) Calculate the frequency of the wave. (2) (iv) What other information would be needed to calculate the wavelength of the wave? (v)On Figure 3.2 above, draw another wave which has the SAME amplitude but HALF the frequency. Total: 15 56 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic sa26515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 7: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, LIGHT, LENSES 1. Give two properties common to all electromagnetic waves. 2. Name one type of electromagnetic wave which a. Can cause fluorescence b. Isused by TV remote controllers c. Is used for radar d. Can pass through metals e. Is given off by hot objects f. Can be detected by the eye g. Causes ionization 3, a) Figure 1 represents a transverse wave on a string vibrating with a frequency of 100 Hz. I | fet [eagt Disiacement en} = ao a [5.0 Dintancelem 57 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic ss515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS State the amplitude and wavelength ofthe wave Amplitude Wavelength... ( 2marks) (i) Calculate the period and velocity of the wave. ( 3marks) 4. Figure 1 shows light passing through a rectangular glass block. Important features of this arrangement are labelled A, B, C, D, E and x. 58 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic sen126515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (4) Menify the lbeled pans of Figure 1 A _ B c D E x (6 marks) (b) —Theretactve inden ofthis las blocks 1 (@) Determine the value ofange 6) when a= 6 (mark) (ii) State a reason for your answer in (b) (i). (1 mark (ii) Caleuate the value of angled, (2). 5. Fig. 5.1 shows a vertical object, the image of that object as formed by a converging lens and two rays from the top of the object. fens hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic sni26515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS {2) Describe the image, @) Using Fig. 5.1, () Cetermine the toce length of the tens, Focal iength = (determine the image magniscaton. Magnification =. § {c) Fig. 5.2 shows the same objeci placed nearar the same lens. Jens 7 $$$ rg-—$—$—$——__—_———__—_ 60 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic e026515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS On Fig, 5.2, craw rey paths to enable you to determine the postion and size ofthe new image. Measure the distance ofthis image from the lens end the sizeof the image, Distance cfimage from lens = Size ofimage ic) (2) Complete the table below by placing a tick (¥) inthe appropriate columns) to indicate the property of the given wave. ~ Wave Property | Microwave [ Sound | Speed = 3x 10° mis | Travels ina vacuum Transverse wave Longitudinal wave Progressive wave ‘Transfers energy Can be diate | [Gan be refs ‘Can be refracted ‘Table (b) Ina wack race the starter of the race may be at some considerable distance from the runners. Consider the case where te distance between a runner and the starter is 40 m, calcalate the time taken for the sound from the starter's gun to reach the runner, (Speed of sound = 350 ms (3marks) 61 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic eunas515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (6) The average speed of a world-class sprinter at the start of the race may be 6 ms ‘Travelling at that average speed, what distance could this sprinter have covered in the time taken forthe sound to reach him? ( 2 marks) Total 14 marks ‘This question is concerned with the properties of three different kinds of waves. (a) Speed, wavelength and frequency ae properties of waves. Explain the meaning of each of these terms when used in connection with a sound wave. Wave speed Wavelength - Frequency (Amarks) (©) @_ Figure 1 represents a number of adjacent wavefronts of a water wave ina ripple tank, Figure 1 Use Figure 1 to determine the wavelength ofthe water wave (2marks) 62 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic e226515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Gi) igure isthe displacement vstime graph of a small lea floating inthe path ofthe water wave in (i). Displacement ° is ‘Time fs Figure 2 Determine the frequency of the wave by using Figure 2. (2 marks) ii) Calculate the speed of the water wave. (marks) (©) @_ Figure 3 shows a wave pulse at time t = 0, moving from left to right on a string, Figure 3 ‘Whatis the amplitude ofthis wave? (1 mark ) Question 7 63 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic eai26515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS In the Kaicteur Falls in Guyana, which are 230 m high, the temperature ofthe water atthe bottom of the falls is consistently slightly higher than the temperature at the top. (What kind of mechanical energy does the water possess = atthe top of the fal ~ just before it hits the bottom ofthe falls? ( 2marks) Gi)__Usethe principle of conservation of energy tofind the speed ofthe water asithitsthe bottom of the falls. ( 3marks) i) Assumingall the energy ofthe water oes to raise its temperature, calculate the temperature ( 3marks) Gv) Suggest why the actual temperature rise is found tobe lower than that calculated in (i), (1 mark ) (9) The mass of water that moves over the falls per second is 200 kg. What isthe rate of ‘conversion of potential energy? (2 marks) 64 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic eanas515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (Gv) Suggest why the actual temperature rise is found to be lower than that calculated in (i), CAmark > (9) The mass of water that moves over the falls per second is 200 kg. What isthe rate of, conversion of potential energy? (2 marks) (vi) State TWO possible advantages of using the energy of the falls to drive a power station tather than using an oil-fired power station, (2 marks) (acceleration due to gravity 10 ms"; specific heat capacity of water = 4200 3 kg” K ‘Total 13 marks Question 8 Thescale diagram, Figure 7 below, shows plane wavefronts incident ona batier which has a narrow gap init. @ Determine the wavelength ofthe waves before they reach the barrier, wa 65 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic 5126515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (Gi) Complete Figure 7 below to show what happens to the waves. (2 marks) Figure7 (jv) On Figure 8 below, show what happens when the gap in the barrier is wider. : (2 marks) (@) —_Twospeakers, vibrating in phase, are positioned some distance apart in an open space, ‘The crests of the waves from the speakers are shown on Figure 9 below. 0 Speaker X + Speaker ¥ © Figure9 (© Explain the term ‘constructive interference’ 66 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic e526515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (i) Mark, withthe lenerC, TWO places on Figure 9 where constructive interference is taking place. (2 marks) Gi) Explain the term ‘destructive interference’. (Cimark) (Gy) Mark, with a letter D, TWO places on Figure 9 where destructive interference is occurring. (2 marks) (¥) _Doseribe what you would expect to hear as you walk along the line, PQ. (CP marks) (vi) Ifthe two speakers were moved closer together, what effect would this have on ‘what you hear as you walk along the line PQ? Cimark) Total 15 marks Question 9 (@) Table 2below liststypes of waves and their sources. Complete the table by filling inthe ‘blank spaces. Inthe thirdcolumn, state whether the waves are transverse or longitudinal. ‘Type of Wave Source ‘Transverse or longitudinal? Infra-red radiation Sound waves Loud-speaker TV transmitter Table? ( Simarks) 67 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic eras515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (b) Figure 4 below shows a wave spreading out from the point S. ‘The wave hits the barrier andis eflecied. On the diagram, draw TWOseflecied wavefronts and mark, witha, the pont from which they appear to come. (Bimarks) © Figure 4 (©) Figures belowisagraph which representsthe variation ofthe displacement, y, with time, 1.48 a wave passes a certain point. 75; fern ie s LA A ast AEE a CTmark) How Jong does one complete cycle of the wave take? 68 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic anes515722, 10:00 aM Physies Workbook Pages 1-50- Flip POF Download | FipHTMLS (i) Cateulae te frequency ofthe wave. . CTmarks) (ie) What otter information would te neded 1 calculate the wavelengh of the wave? CTmark) (0) OnFigure 5 above, draw another wave which has the SAME amplitude but HALF the frequency. C2 mark) “Total 15 marks Question 10 (a) Complete the table below by placing a tick (v) in the appropriate column(s) to indicate the property of the given wave. Wave Property | Microwave | Sound Speed = 3x 10° m/s Travels in a vacuum Transverse wave Longitudinal wave Progressive wave Transfers energy Can be diffracted Can be reflected Can be refracted bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic Table 2 (9 marks) 69 anaes515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (b) _Inatrack race the starter of the race may be at some considerable distance from the runners. Consider the case where the distance between a runner and the starter is 40 m, calculate the time taken for the sound from the starter's gun to reach the runner. (Speed of sound = 360 m/s) (3 marks) (c) The average speed of a world-class sprinter at the start of the race may be 6 m/s. Travelling at that average speed, what distance could this sprinter have covered in the time taken for the sound to reach him? (2 marks) Total 14 marks Question 11 (@) —Soundisproduced by vibrating systems. ‘Complete Table 2 below by identifying the part ofthe instrument that vibrates to produce its sound. ‘Table? Musical Instrument Vibrating System Seclpan “Ting fork Dam Fie Guitar (Smarks) (©) Thefollowing is brief description of how a student estimated the speed of sound n air. ‘Standing at a distance d, 100 m from a large wall, [clapped my hands, increasing in frequency until each clap just coincided with each echo heard. ‘The time for 50 claps was measured and used to compute the round trip time f, The speed of sound wasthen calculated using distance d and the round tip time t. (i) Why did he stand 100 m away from the wall instead of 410m? (1 mark) (ii) Why were 50 claps used instead of 1 clap? (1 mark) 70 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic rons515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (iii) Write an expression for speed of sound, in terms of d and t (c)_ During a recent thunderstorm, a clap of thunder was heard 12.5 s after the lightning flashed. The speed of sound is 340 m sin air. How many kilometers away was the lightning strike? (4 marks) Total 15 marks 8: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM n bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic mes515722, 10:00 aM 1In (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS dry weather, when a driver touches the door before getting out of her car, she sometimes gets an electrical shock as soon as her foot touches the ground. a) b) °) d) Explain why this happens. Why does it not happen in wet weather? Some people fix a piece of fine chain to the car which drags on the road. How does this prevent shock taking place? Some people fix a piece of metal shaped as shown in fig. 16.1 under the car body. Even though it does not touch the road, it stops drivers getting an electrical shock. How does it do this? Describe an experiment which shows that: i) a lightly rubbed, dry polythene rod has a small charge; i) if the rod is rubbed more often and more quickly, the charge produced is greater. (Joint 16+, part) Figure 16.1 2 Fig. 16.2 shows a gold-leaf electroscope. AB and CD are 72 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic made of metal and are insulated from the metal case E by the insulating plug S. The gold leaf G is attached at its upper edge to CD. rans515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS A positively charged rod is brought into the position shown and the gold leaf rises. Show on the diagram the distribution of charges on the electroscope.(C) “Figure 16.2 Positively charged rod 3. a) _ i) Drawa labelled diagram of a type of electroscope with which you are familiar. ii) Describe how you would charge the electroscope by induction so that it has a positive charge. Explain the stages in the charging process. b) Describe how you would use your electroscope to identify the charge on a rod of insulating material. Explain each stage of the process. What effect would you expect if you carried out the procedure you have described with an uncharged rod? (JMB) 4. Apolythene rod may be charged negatively by rubbing it with a cloth, but a brass rod held in the hand cannot be charged in this way. a) _ State clearly what happens when the polythene is being charged. b) Explain why the brass cannot be charged by rubbing. 73 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic rans515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 4, You are provided with two small insulated charged conductors of different shape, an electroscope and any other apparatus you may require. Describe one experiment, in each case, to show, preferably without discharging the conductors, that they possess (a) opposite charges, (b) unequal charges. (L, part) 6 a) Astudent performed the following operations in the sequence described. i) Brought a negatively charged polythene rod near to the cap of an uncharged leaf electroscope. ii) Touched the cap of the electroscope momentarily with a finger. iii) | Removed the rod. Draw diagrams showing the charge distribution on the cap and the leaf of the electroscope and the position of the leaf after each of the above operations. What would be the effect of removing the rod before removing the finger? Another student performing the same experiment allowed the polythene rod to rest on the cap of the electroscope in operation (i). State, giving your reasons, whether or not you would expect any marked difference in the results obtained by the two students. c)A manufacturer of nylon thread put heavy rubber mats under his spinning machines, which were made of metal, to deaden the noise. The following effects were subsequently noted. i) The workers sometimes received an electrical shock when touching the machines. (There was no leak from the mains cable.) 14 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic vanes515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS ii) Small bits of nylon fluff stuck to the thread, but this could be overcome by keeping the air in the workshop moist. State and explain the physical reasons for (i) and (ii), and say how you could overcome (i). (L) a) Draw a labelled diagram showing the essential structural features of a leaf electroscope. Describe in detail how the electroscope could be charged by the method of induction. Explain how it could then be used. i) to determine if another charged body had a charge of the same sign, ii) to show that a damp cotton thread is a much poorer insulator than one which is perfectly dry. b) Explain why a dressing table mirror may become more dusty if wiped with a dry cloth on a warm day. (L) Suppose you are supplied with a negatively charged rod and two identical and uncharged metal spheres, A and B. on insulating stands. a) How, using the negatively charged rod, would you charge the two spheres equally so that A is negatively charged and B is positively charged? b) How would you show experimentally, using any additional apparatus you may require, that this had, in fact occurred? c) Account for the production of the two equal charges in terms of the movement of charged particles. (L, part) Fig. 16.3 a illustrates two conductors, A and B. A is mounted on an insulating stand and B, which is very light, is suspended by an insulating thread from P. There are no charges on A or 75 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic rsn26515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS B. Ais then charged positively. Redraw and complete fig. 16.4 b the new rest position of B. Show also the charges induced on the conductor B. A free positive charge carried on a very small and very light sphere, is placed between A and the new position B. In which direction will the very light sphere move? Give a reason for your answer. (C) Figure 16.3 =) >) Part B- Current Electricity- Answer ALL questions 1 76 In the circuit of fig. 17.1 if ammeter A: reads 0.5 A, what will be the reading on ammeters Az and As Figure 17.1 A current of 6A flows through a conductor for 2 minutes. What is the total charge which passes through the conductor? renee bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS How long will it take for a total charge of 960C to pass through a conductor if a steady current of 4 Ais flowing? What current could circulate a total charge of 3600 coulombs round a circuit in 20 minutes? The circuit of fig. 17.2 shows the sizes and directions of the currents, at a junction J, in an electric circuit. Calculate the size and direction of the current recorded by the ammeter in the wire JX. ' Figure 17.2 2a The drawing below, fig. 17.3 shows a completed electrical circuit containing an ammeter, a fuse, two lamps, a power supply, a resistor, a switch and a voltmeter. Draw the circuit diagram represented by the components. (Joint 16+) Figure 17.3 7 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic mma6515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 7 Fig. 17.4 represents a junction in a continuous circuit. Ammeter A reads 4A and ammeter B reads 1 A. Which of the following could be the reading shown by ammeter C: (a) 1 A, (b) 3A, (c) 5A? Figure 17.4 78 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic anes515722, 10:00 aM 10 1 12 13 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS A conducting body carries a positive charge 0.0036 C and is insulated from earth. When it is connected to earth by a wire, it becomes completely discharged. The average current flowing during the discharge is 0.012 A. How long does it take for the body to discharge completely? In which direction does charge flow during the discharge? (C) If a 12 volt car battery circulated 500 coulombs round a circuit, how much energy did the batter supply? If 660 joules of work was done by a battery in moving 110 coulombs of charge through a lamp, what was the voltage across the lamp? 1200 coulombs flowing through a heater converted 14.40 kJ of energy into heat. If the current was 4.80 A, calculate the time for which the heater was switched on and the voltage across the heater. What is the potential difference or voltage required to produce a current of 2.5 A through a conductor of resistance 12.5 2? In the circuit of fig. 17.5, if the voltage V of the cell is 1.5V and the ammeter reads 0.254, calculate the resistance in the circuit. Figure 17.5 79 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic rans515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 14 The mains voltage of 240V supplies a current of 12.0A to an electric kettle. What is the resistance of the kettle’s heating element as the current flows through it? 15 a) Describe, with the aid of a circuit diagram, how you would investigate the relationship between the current | in a filament lamp and the potential difference V applied between its terminals. b) i) Sketch the graph you would expect to obtain from this investigation if V were plotted against I. Sketch also the graphs that would be obtained if the lamp were replaced by: (2) a metallic conductor maintained at constant temperature and (3) a semi- conductor diode. iv) What conclusions could be drawn from these graphs about the resistance of each of the three components mentioned above? c) Asealed box, with two terminals on the outside, contains two components, one of which is known to be a resistor of high value. When these terminals are connected through a fuse to a 6 volt dry battery in one way, the fuse remains intact but, when the battery is reversed, it blows. 80 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic eons515722, 10:00 aM 16 17 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS i) Suggest the nature of the other component in the box. ii) Draw circuit diagram showing the arrangement of the two components in the box. iii) Explain, with the aid of the diagram you drew inc (ii) above, why the fuse blows with one arrangement of the battery, but not with the other. (cxc) A sealed box with two terminals may contain one of the following: a wire coil, a filament lamp, a diode. a) _ Drawa circuit diagram to show how you would measure the current — voltage characteristic of the device in the box. Do not attempt to state the ranges of the instruments you would use. b) Briefly describe the experiment you would perform to obtain the current — voltage characteristic. c) _ Sketch the current — voltage graphs you would expect to obtain for each device. Label your sketches clearly. (JMB, part) A thermistor is a semiconducting circuit component which has a resistance which falls rapidly with increasing temperature. Draw a circuit diagram containing a battery, ammeter and voltmeter which you could use to measure the resistance of the thermistor. Label the thermistor T in your circuit, State how you would deduce the resistance from your readings. Resistance measurements are taken at different temperatures with the results given below. Temperature?C 12-27-40 «54 «62—-70—«79 ResistancelO 205 114 73 46 35 26 20 81 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic enies515722, 10:00 aM 18 19 20 82 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Plot a graph to show the variation of resistance with temperature. The resistance is to be plotted on the y-axis. Read from your graph the resistance at 15°C and record the value. Deduce the temperature at which the resistance will have fallen to half this value. The thermistor is heated in a beaker of water which, in turn, is heated by a bunsen bumer. What precautions would you take in order to ensure that your value for the temperature of the thermistor is as accurate as possible? (C) The resistance of each of the four side lights on a caris 9.6 and the resistance of each of the two headlights is 3.00, Calculate the current supplied by the battery when alll these lights, which are connected in parallel, are switched on, if the battery voltage is 12V. Fig. 17.6 shows four combinations of resistors. Find the total or equivalent resistance for each combination. Figure 17.6 One 4 ohm and two 2 ohm resistors are available. All three are to be connected together in two different arrangements such that the total (resultant) resistance is (a) less than 2 ohm, (b) more than 4 ohm but less than 8 ohm, Draw a diagram of each arrangement and calculate the total (resultant) resistance in each case, (JMB, part) bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic eanas515722, 10:00 aM 21 22 23 24 25 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Fig. 17.7 shows two combinations of resistors in a mixture of series and parallel connections. Calculate the equivalent resistance of each combination. Fig. 17.7 ss =. ad ug Fig. 17.8 shows how three resistors P, Q and R are connected together. If one resistor has a resistance of 20, another has a resistance of 30 and the third has a resistance of 40, find which resistor should have which resistance for the combination shown to have (a) the minimum resistance and (b) the maximum resistance. Fig. 17.8 P 2 Three resistors of values 20, 30 and 5Q are connected in series with a battery of voltage 6.0V, Calculate the current through each of the resistors, and the current through the battery. A. current of 2.4 A flows through a resistor of 2.00 resistance. If the battery in the circuit has a voltage of 12 V, what other resistance is there in the circuit? Calculate the reading of each of the ammeters in the circuit of fig. 17.9. Figure 17.9 83 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic eae515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 26 a) Write an equation relating V, | and Rand Vis pd. across a resistor R carrying a current |. b) Fig. 17.10 shows a series circuit. i) If V; reads 4V what is the reading of A:? ii) If X = 3Q what is the reading of V2? iii) If V4 reads 12V what is the value of Y? Figure 17.10 4) Fig. 17.11 shows a parallel circuit containing three identical resistors and a 2 volt power supply. i) Whatis the p.d. across each resistor? ii) Ifa current of 0.5 A flows through one resistor what current flows through the power supply? (Joint 16+1) Figure 17.11 84 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ens515722, 10:00 aM ar (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS aE +——_f—__+ © ——_ Loo a) What is meant by the resistance of an electrical component? Describe an experiment to measure the resistance of a length of resistance wire, Your account should include a circuit diagram, a list of measurements you would make, a clear statement of how these measurements would be used to calculate the final result. b) _ Fig. 17.12 represents an electrical circuit containing a battery, an ammeter of negligible resistance and three resistors with the resistances shown. d) — What is the resistance of the parallel combination of resistors between Y and Z? iii) What is the resistance of the circuit between X and Z? iv) Assuming that the battery has negligible internal resistance, what reading would you expect on the ammeter? v) What is the potential difference between X and Y? v) What current would flow through the 3 ohm resistor? Figure 17.12 85 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic asni26515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Hl ov 30. 28 a) You are provided with three resistors, of values 10, 30 and 60 respectively. i) Draw a circuit diagram showing all three resistors in series with each other and with a battery of negligible internal resistance. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit, ii) Draw a circuit diagram of the three resistors in parallel with each other and the combination in series with a battery. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit. ili) Draw a circuit diagram showing the 39 and the 62 resistors in parallel with each other, and this combination in series with the 19 resistor and the battery. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit, Ifthe p.d. across the battery terminals is 6 V calculate the current through the 6 ohm resistor. b) _ Fig. 17.13 is a graph of a set of readings of the p.d. across a filament lamp plotted against the current rhough the lamp. i) Drawa labelled circuit diagram of the apparatus you would use to obtain such a set of readings. ii) Explain why the graph indicates that the filament of the bulb does not obey Ohm's law. iii) As the current increases what happens to the gradient of the graph? 86 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ean26515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS iv) What can be deduced about the filament of the bulb from your answer to (b)(iii)? (Joint 16+) Figure 17.13, ped. in volts —> current in amperes —> 29 Two resistors, one of resistance 4 ohm and the other of unknown resistance, are connected in parallel. This combination is then placed in a circuit and the current passing into the combination is measured for various potential differences across the combination. The results of the experiment are given in the table. Potential difference/V 15 30 45 60 7.5 Curren/A O75 1.50 225 3.00 375 a) Draw labelled diagram of the circuit you would use to perform the experiment. (Do not describe the experiment) b) i) Plota graph of potential difference against current. iii) From the graph calculate the total resistance of the combination of resistors, explaining clearly how the graph was used. iv) Using the resistance of the combination obtained in (ii), calculate a value for the unknown resistance, c) Describe, with the aid of one diagram in each case, how a moving-coil galvanometer may be converted into (i) a 87 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ernes515722, 10:00 aM 30 31 32 33 88 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS voltmeter, (ii) an ammeter. Describe an experiment to investigate the relationship between the heat produced in a wire and the electric current flowing through it. Your answer should include (a) a circuit diagram, (b) an account of the observations you would make, (c) an account of how you would use these observations to deduce the relationship, (d) a statement of the result you would expect to obtain. An electric kettle has a heating element rated at 2 KW when connected to a 250V electrical supply. Calculate a) _ the current that would flow when the element was connected to a 250V supply, b) _ the resistance of the element, c) the heat produced by the element in 1 minute. (JMB, part) a) — Awire was connected to a battery and it was found that the energy converted into heat was 30 joules when 20 coulombs of charge flowed through the wire in 5 seconds. Calculate i) __ the potential difference between the ends of the wire; ii) the current flowing through the wire; iii) the resistance of the wire; iv) _ the average power developed in the wire. b) Ifthe current in the wire were doubled and all the energy were released as heat in the wire, how much heat would be produced in the wire in 5 seconds? (JMB) The work done in moving an electric charge of one coulomb from one point P on a wire to another point Q on the same wire bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic eas515722, 10:00 aM 34 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS is 2.5J. What is the potential difference between points P and Q? Calculate the work done in transferring a charge of 300 C from P toQ. 300C flow from P to Qas a steady current of 0.5 A, calculate (a) the time taken for 300 C to move from P to Q, (b) the rate at which work is done. (C) A 12V battery, with negligible internal resistance, is connected by two wires, each of resistance 1 ohm, to a resistor R. a) Calculate the power transformed in R if its resistance is (i) 1 ohms (i) 2 ohms. The table shows the power transformed in R for three more values of resistance Resistance of Rin ohms. 3 4 5 Power generated in watts 73160147. b) _ Plot a graph of power (y-axis) against resistance of R (x- axis), including the two values which you calculated in part a). c) Comment on the shape of the graph and say, without detailed calculation, what you think the power would be if R had i) a large resistance, e.g. more than 100 ohms, ii) a small resistance, e.g. less than 0.01 ohms. ¢) inorder to light correctly a lamp labelled 12V, 24W at a greater distance, wires ten times as long and a different battery are required. i) Whatis the current flowing through the wires? ii) Whatis the p.d. across each wire? iii) Whatis the voltage of the battery required? (Assume it has no internal resistance.) iv) Whatis the power wasted in the wires? 89 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ean26515722, 10:00 aM 35 90 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS To waste less power, someone suggests that an a.c. supply should be used instead, together with two transformers. 4) Draw the circuit diagram for such an arrangement and explain why your circuit ensures that the power wastage in the wires is now smaller. f) In what other ways might energy be wasted in your circuit? (Nuffield) A cell of internal resistance 0.80 is connected in series with ammeters A;, and Az and a lamp, as shown in fig. 17.14. A voltmeter V; is connected across the cell and a voltmeter V2 is connected across the lamp. The reading of A1 is 0.3 and that of Vo is 1.2V. (Assume that the ammeters have negligible resistances and that the voltmeters draw negligible currents. ) a) _ Find the resistance of the lamp. b) Find the reading of Vi. c) Whatis the reading of A:? d) _ Find the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the cell. e) What current would the cell deliver if short-circuited by connecting a copper wire across its terminals (0) Figure 17.14 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic s0n26515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 36 Anelectric circuit contains a lamp, a battery, a rheostat, two ammeters and two voltmeters, as shown in fig, 17.15. a) How will the readings of ammeters A; and Ap compare? Explain. b) What difference will it make to the reading of A: if the resistance of the rheostat is increased? Why? c) What difference will it make to the reading of V; the resistance of the rheostat is increased? Why? d) (Itmay be assumed that the voltmeters draw negligible current and that the ammeters have negligible resistances.) What is the resistance of the lamp when Az reads 0.3A and V2 reads |.5V? Figure 17.15 At the same time, Vi reads 1.3 V. If the e.m4. of the battery is 3V, what are the ‘lost’ volts and the internal resistance of the battery? (0) 37 a) ~—_- You are provided with two small insulated charged conductors of different shape, an electroscope and any other apparatus you may require. Describe one experiment, in each case, to show, preferably without discharging the conductors, that they possess i) opposite charges. ii) __ unequal charges. 91 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ewies515722, 10:00 aM °c) (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS A battery of e.m,f. 100V and internal resistance 120 is connected to a 1802 resistor by two leads each of resistance 42. Calculate i) the current in the resistor. ii) _ the power dissipated in the resistor, iii) _ the potential difference between the ends of each lead, iv) _ the reading shown by a voltmeter connected across the terminals of the battery. 38 A piece of electrical apparatus. B, has a resistance of 100. Itis connected to a 102 resistor by means of a sliding contact (so that the value of the resistor may be varied over the range 0 to 100 and to a battery of e.m,f. 12V (which has neglible internal resistance) in each of the ways labelled circuit P and circuit Q in fig.17.16). a) _ Explain the meaning of the term e.m.. b) Calculate the maximum and minimum currents in circuits P and Q and so determine which circuit allows the greatest range of current variation through B. The battery in circuit P is now replaced by one of e.m.f. 12V and internal resistance 40, and the circuit is adjusted to give minimum current through B. b) Draw a diagam of the circuit showing the position of the sliding contact on the 10 variable resistor. c) Calculate the current that now flows through B. d) Calculate the reading that would be shown by a high resistance voltmeter connected across the battery in this circuit. ) _ Imagine that a coulomb of positive electric charge moves 92 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic once round this circuit, starting at the positive terminal of eas515722, 10:00 aM Physies Workbook Pages 1-50- Flip POF Download | FipHTMLS the battery, and describe the energy changes that it would undergo on this journey. Hence explain why the correct answer to part (e) is not 12V. (O&C) Figure 17.16 reat Electrostatics 93 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic eae515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS , “) WY r. 1 { [\o¢ | | | ovate —| T° ® o ED 1 ‘eden hasnt \ _electroscope. Ifthe electroscope is to work in the . a] 5 The potential difference between two points in an Coherent rand Qa Tepe ifm points prlyhene alum (A) aneketon reaches a speed of min e “gs eee pies es © bass ‘idea (8) one jouleof works doneismovngan election (0 nbber aluminised lsc frotone point othe ther (© thecurent between the two points one 2. Theelctosope canbe postive charged using ampere | wetrdrccine Risoheetterese 0) tewakdoeperantchageinmoags | ‘ofthe operations below fr this tobe dane? charge from one point to the otheris one joule. + 'W Remove the rod ctoscope 6 19 1983a Barbadian man (och) flew ite Cie “ alienate suas Testu ©) ampere D) volt 4 ‘Wich igram ofthe ied between to point capesiscoes? 04 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic anes515722, 10:00 AM high voge powerline, ut the manfotunaely survived, safering nly but hands. He cid not reeiveasgifcant elec shock because (A) electric current only flows when there isa complete cut (B)_ most ofthe etc cumentpased hough the rolowie to nth rater than hough he man (O) theman’shands were dry (D) thekite tai dichagd the itt the ait 7 Acopper sphere on an insulating stand is charged positively Which ofthe lowing mets cui discharge? Haldalghed match rar tothe phere Il Hold sharp needle near othe sphere Touch the sphere with a weeden ruler A) only (8) landlloy (Q,andatonly (0) bMlandt 1 Anelectonaceeraes om rest thragh potential dference of5 (00 How much kinetic energy does tac? (Charge onthe electron is 1.6 10°C) (A) 8x10} ®) 8x10) (9 2x10" (0) 3x10) hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 4 The field betwen two pr charged plates i tniform excep a the edges. In which rection wil aneelctron release from point P move? Rom “ 4 (A) b) © Oy 1 Aneectmscope is charged pusitively. Which ofthe folowing ifheld neato the cap, wil ause the deletion of the eal to derease? 1 apostvly charged md 1 an uncharged copper pte 1 anegtvly charged sphere (A) tony (8) Wnly (© Uandltlonly (0) landtonty 95 95126515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Current Electricity 1 Inside carbatery the eect cumentis cae by (A) postive and negative ions {®) eguiveionsonly (© dedonsoniy (D) protons only 2. The SLunitfor electric curentis defnesn ems of (A) thecurent owing ina resistor (@) theenergy converted by resistor (© thechurge fowing na cain tie o cent force between curentcanying wines 3. Which gaph does NOT represent an alienating cument| qi U “ 3s cue B fe PPSS Questions 4 nd § A lamp caries a curent of 5 A and converts 60 of electrical energy into otherforms when t isswiched on for 308. 4 Thecharge fowing though thelampin this timeis (4) wc © 3a0c ® 10C ©) wonc 5. Thepotental ference across thelampis wav © av ® ov © rv 6 Which of the following combinations of units could [NOT be used to measure energy? (8) watt second @) volt x coulomb (© sea x ampere (D) hour x kilowatt Questions 7 nd 8 oF V 0 V oo V we 7 Teste tnt tle shonin te Senay necro (A) kesthan3V 103 (Gime Vand6v ©) eudlnsv 8 Tegan oe chnag pa (A) Odie 50H © 25H @ ane 9 Onebidowatthouris equal to @) 1K (Q 30K ® ay ©) 36M 10 An fice changesits1incandescent bulbs ated at 100 Wfor 10 uorescent lamps rated a 30W. The Jighis ron for 200 hours ina month and electity ‘tots 2 cents per kiowatthour Byhow muchisthe ‘monthly electity bil reduce? (a) siz00 © sam $300 © so Electric Circuits 96 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic 226515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 1. Thee:mé. ofa battery could be defined as “ (A) thepd. across itterminals (®) the energy stored divided bythe current v it through (© teeny coveted peru cag fowng (D) the sum of the p..s. inthe extemal circuit | 2. Risroquited to investigate how the current through ‘component varies withils pd. Thecomponentis 7 al 7 tobe connected between terminals PandQ Which (p) ” routs dawn corey? v 4 Wore d T T Each ofthe lamps inthis drut takes acurent of Or De g (0.3 A when connected to a 6 V supply. How much r hy 5 SO Senellfoninte mseMa 3 Which sa symbol fora fuse? mt Oa S4p— aie jy a Ly wanes 4 Therese een emis Xand Yi ie (A) 45ohm (© 1500hm 8) 10.00hm_ () 2400hm (A) zero 9 06A 3a aA oy * 7 Which pie of eanstntan wr wouldve the TEAST ene? Cet Length Diameter. a L0m 020mm 5 Which oft flowing gaps woulbecbabedi¢ §—§ OS than hepa acts ump vee ploted ant he Q 10m ‘ann caret owing tough? © O5m tan 97 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic ennas515722, 10:00 aM Physies Workbook Pages 1-50- Flip POF Download | FipHTMLS a hich pir of meters would be best? (A) low resistance ammeter high restance ud (® highresstance ammeter, high siance voltmeter (© owresistance ammeter, low estan volimeer (D) hightesistance ammeter, ow resistance voltmeter 9 Theinteratinal insulation colour cde is eral toe arth (A) Bk ted white Qik Mal pepo © te brown greenyellow shown in the diagram. fammeter A, reads 0.8 A then the others wil ead A Ay A, (A) 06A OMA 2A. g 06a O4A 0A QBh MHA 4A 08A OBA “—o— | a Electronics and Electrochemistry A: ew 1 An oscloscope is connected in parallel to resistor inthe dreut shown. Ifthe time bases suitably adjusted, which trace would you expect to 08? , i} (YYY 4. Forwhich of the following functions would an alternating curent NOT be suitable? 1 charging aca batery [Highting crescent amp (A) only @) Landi (Q Mandi ©) Vitanat 5. Which he flowing ios pein dndet (A) tansistor (© tansiormer ® prnjuncion (0) resistor {6 The materials ofthe parts ofthe dy cell labelled in mine volags ppd othe » Mveatlcopeind de ntbae ciel 98 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic eani26515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 4 Forwhichof the folowing functions would an leasing cunt NOT be sue? b. caring a carbatry Sore bo I ighing fuorescent lamp me 0 Erevuang (A) Waly ) Iandifenly 1 Anoscilosopeiscomecedin pare oaresior (©) Landon inthe cru shown Ith tine bases sully © banat adjusted, wich tae would you expectio ee? o 0 5 Whithof the folowing emicndcer dade? (A) tansie (Q) tarfomner l (®) pnjunction —(D) resistor (VYY\| AVA « ezine in ® o b eclereee Pomignin ne padotet ieasiornleore (A) ‘thot sight ine @) veri sruight ine (© asinecurve © asp 5 Inwhich ctw he lamp NOT bei? Queties 7.8 Two can copper plats Pand Q w ar? Scrape paaternaberd pe txipate They ae then comectedina rites shown ry ® > rf? 5: 99 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ean26515722, 10:00 aM "7 Which graph blow shows how the ammeter reading woul vary withthe vollmeter reading as therhensiatis adjusted? ar (7 ° ve v @: or ks vo v 8 Which statement about this elect cells comet? (A) Qisthe cathode an copper willbe deposited onit 100 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic w Physies Workbook Pages 1-50- Flip POF Download | FipHTMLS © Qistheanadeand copper wlbe deposited | it | (© Pisthecabdeand copper ile deposed anit (©) Pistheanode and copper willbe deposited anit ‘Whichofthe folowing statements about a p-n junction are true? Tine pipe condor te cares axel ITI The junction conducts best when covvental amet Gow fm pion Il The mtype conductor is always negatively ge (A) only ® ony (© Ianditnly (©) Atanamn ‘A15 Vdc supplyisconnecedacossa12Vbatery inonderto charge it Ifthe total resistance of the ‘ruts 2 ohms the cent owing willbe (4) BSA (© 60A ® 754 © 15a so0ni26515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Magnetism 1 Abarmugnetis placed ona blag wihour 4 _Aoting compas us to point toads the end ‘Which compas poiningin -Qofabarofmetal tombe concued tat the WRONG diecton? (gnre the flo te Qo ce cant’ fe) ©) POismapretied (©) PistheS-pole ofa magnet (©) themetalis magnetic CaO [5 Who rst conccved the dea of using ines of force ‘rem ape ay Ape eri 9 ® Farley ) Oeste @ 1 Wi iyi {abate demagnetsot ee “Then gets iene 1 song i ogre cupboard oro ye tely {© tanto « (OD) Land 7 Asta tobe demapetied usingan ae ¢ eit “The tps totaein doing tart W Schon te cea X Sch of te cena = = Y Pov the bar neh solrold 2 Remove thebertom he solid 6 Yn ‘Which isthe best sequence to follow? WXYZ BWwrxz YuxZ 2 hime QYwxz sad Gb ts Amend dua (0) tandony Spe ofan OB anditeny (3 ancrdrybraget © tanduteay 1 aparotmegnenatcty die © itaam OD) aberomgne wth worth pos 101 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic sownes515722, 10:00 aM Physies Workbook Pages 1-50- Flip POF Download | FipHTMLS 9) Abarmagntis placed on atablenearioapieceof 10 A softirm cinders placed between he ples ofa softron Inwhichpositon woudthemagnetcfld magnet. Which diagram shows the resulting beweakest? magnetic Oy oO field? pA @ @ ® o 8 6 102 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic soanas515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Electromagnetism 1 Along stright conductor stuck onto s bench 0 ‘hatitlisin the E-W direction. A plting compass {spliced on op ofthe wire When curentspased. ‘though the wire from eas to west the compas will point (A) north (Q northwest () west () southeast (Questions 2nd3. The diagram shows a conductor ina ‘magnet field It caries (conventional) current into the plane ofthe paper. sO" § h 2 Theforeron the conductor willbe (A) towards the top ofthe page (B) towards thebotiom ofthe page (O towards the poe (©) towards the N pole 3 Teforcnt ondcor wu be INCREASED i» 6 ste mayen © tecamevended 1D tector yet ted horizontal 4. the symbol @ denotes a curet dove into the plane ofthe paper, and © denotes a current inthe ‘opposite direction, which fi diagram score? Hit hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic © ketene patie eae remedy a) 6 Abeam ofclctons passes straight through the mide of lng solenid carying an electec ‘current. Which statements comet? (A) The dectrons wil experience afore which slows them down Madea eticpeens ta vtie spenis them (©. Them ilbe afore on the crows at ight angles to their path (©) There be forceon he dectons du to the magnetic field 7 Toadaptamoving coll meter sothatitcan measure currents () the cal could be made much bigger (B) more poweral magnets could be used {O) arettor could be ade in paral to the coll {D) Weaker springs could be used 103 ros126515722, 10:00 aM Movesion 8x9. Awansomer has 500 umsinis col ad 10 tums secondary. The Secondary iscomeced oa 2V, OW an. {8 Thepowernput tthe tanslormer when the lamp ison will be about () ow ® xow (9 aw © nw 9) The curent care bythe primary crests about (a) 1A ® 5A (© BA © @a 104 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic Physies Workbook Pages 1-50- Flip POF Download | FipHTMLS 10. Which graph shows the output fad. generator screams sets a © ® o my 3 4 ime 9 time Oe | | ) soanas515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Electricity and Magnetism 1 Which quantity could be mensured inj in Tindaditis 115, 60 He. Which of the elect oust a appliances would not work welin theitnew (a) emt. (Q resistance home? ©) energy (©) power WO ceslee 2 Iman deci crt, components connected in {© reaper parle have the same ©) ‘oater (4) curent Q power (®) poleninditerence (0) resistance 5 Whats theresitance of 48, 12 Vlamp atts normal ightnes? 3 (4) 2ohm (© dot © 3ohm ©) 6ohm EX {6 Alow volage ct indding an cecnomagnet is sometimes used to sith on lage cae’ sober rit This device is know as (A) atranformer {®) sninducton od (© areciier Oa ‘The gph above shows the outpatofana.c. 7 Tih ican healt reading ed Pac igen el tt rae Mircaceeicertommenranceay Maem Velo ching Seve singel “ (a) Neer 77] fs AAs hf = | | o Lot 8 ‘ i @ ; Oy tt . " = to 4 Aas moving rom Jamaica to Tedd. In Jamaica the mains supply is 15 V, 50 Ha whereas u vy 105 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic 105/126515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS : NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1. Which of he ‘ollowing scientist is credited with the d scovery of the neuron’? A, Dalton B. Theanpson C. Chadwick Dor Items 2 ~ 4 refer o the data below. Relative charge Relative mass A, 0 0 B. ° 1 c a © D. 1 1 Which of A~ Dis 2. a gamma ray photon 3. aneutron 4, aneleetron AB GD. A BCD. A BOG OD. Items 5 ~6 refer to the data below: A, number of protons 1B, number of prctons plus mumber of electrons C. umber of neutrons D. number of prc tons plus number of neutron: Which is always the same as the atomic number? A. B,C. OD 6. Which is the mucleon mamber? A B GR Alpha ~ decay and beta ~ decay are respectively the emission fiom ar. unstable nucleus of: alpha ~ decay beta - decay A, an electron, a protor B. aneutron aprotor Ce 2 helium macteus anelect:on D. 2 proton ahetiury nucleus 8. Thehalf-life of isotope X is four days and its initial mass is 32 g my. What mass will remain after twelve days? A dmg = B. 8mg Cg) D6 mg 106 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic s08/126515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Ttems 9-11 Relative atomic Relative penetrating Defected by rangnetic mass power field 1 4 low yes ul 0 moderate yes: moo igh no Vo high no 9, Which of I - IV described above is a neutral particle? A T&IV BB. IL& On C. Mlonly — D. Tonly 10. Which is likely to be an electron? Al BW cl DV M. is likely to be an alpha particle? As tt BI c il DW 12, Gamma rays are: A. high frequency electromagnetic rediations B. high speed electrons CC. helium atoms which have lost their electrons 1D, radiations with wavelengths of about 2 mebes. 13, The chemical properties ofan element are deter ined by is: A.atomi number B. mass number C. number of neutroas D. nwaber of pn.tons 14, Neutral atoms of all isotopes of the same element contain the same vumber of ‘A. electrons and protons C. neutrons B. electrons and neutrons D. neutrons. and protons 107 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic sons515722, 10:00 AM 16. 7, 18. 108 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS The uranium atom 2 (emits an slphs-particle to become thorium, (Th), which then emits a beta-particle o become protactinium, (Pa), Iphaparticle A" veta-particle ___ vpartcle my mh ————nr ‘What is the proton nuirber (atom'c number) of prvtactinium? A 89 B90 co D. 95 X, Y and Z are three types of radiaiions. X is almost compietely absorbed by 5 cm of lead but not by $ mm of aluminum. Y is almost completely absorbed by 5 mm of aluminum bat ot by thin card. Lis absorbed by a thin cad. ‘What are X, ¥, and Z? x Y Zz A alpha = beta.=gamma B. beta alpha = gamma iG gamma alpha —_beta D. gamma beta alpha Three nuclei X, Y and Z have proton numbers am! nucleon numbers as shown Which are isotopes of the same element? A. Xand Y only C. YandZ only B. XandZonly D. X,YaniZ A sample of Uranium ~ 238 emits panicles ata rite of 120 Bg, at 25°C. ‘What will be the activity of the sample at 35 °C? A. 857Bq BL 120Bq. C.F Bg =D 1200Bg hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic soani2s515722, 10:00 AM 19. 2. 2. m4 (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Which particle is positively chav ged? A alpha particles C. electron B, beta - particles D. neutron The charge on the electron is app-vximately A 16xl0%C B. -16x10%C C 167xW"C DO Orbiting atomic nucle, lowing in conductors as an electric curent, in TV tl 2s, beta-radiations describes A. electrons B. neutrons C. planets D. protons Nucleus ax decays to nucleus ¥ with the emiss on of «wo alpha ~ particles aad one beta - particle. What is the composition ofthe nucleus Y? A ty ay cy p, my a) og os 6 A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 2 minutes What can be deducted from this statement ? A. After 4 minute, {4 of the isotope remains, B. After | minute, 4 of the isotope remains, C. After 4 minutes, % of the isotope remains. D. After 4 minutes, none of the isotope remains. Which of the following particles about alpha particles is not true? A. ‘They can be deflected by a magnetic field. B, They can be deflected by ani electric field. C.. They can be cause ionization, D, They are radioactive 109 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic s09n126515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 25. Which graph shows liow the count mate for a radioactive substance varies with time?” (Count rate Count Rate 400 | SECTION B SHORT ANSWER. 1. What is radioactivity? (2 mocks) What isan isotope? Qnasks) State three uses of radioisotopes, mois) 110 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic snort:515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS List four (4) safety measures when handling radivactive materials? (mvs) “Ur is an unstable isotope uranium. What information does the synibol give ws aboul the protons, neutrons and electrons ofthis isotope? Gmuks) SECTIONC DATA ANALYSIS 1. se table below shows the results of an investigaticn of a sample of radioective Mass/gams. 9000 800.0 7000 6000 5000 400 3000 2000 1000 09 750 Timeminues 2-8 «10 1S DHS HOH (2) On graph paper plot «graph of mass vs. time. (WOmats) (b) Use your graph fo determine what mass ofthe sample will be left afer 40 days? (Show how you arrive at your cnswer} (muis) (©). From your graph, determine the half life ofthe sample, hence sleterraine ‘what mass will remain ater 128 days. (5 mas) Half-life tie. Mass of sample remaining after 128 minutes. gros 414 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic 111261515122, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 2. The graph below shows how the radiation emitted by a sample of uranium-238 (*33U) changes with tae : ge ek g— 40 %% 8 10 a6 time in billions of years a After how many years has the count rate dropped to 80 counts per minute? b After how many years has the count rate dropped to 40 counts per minute? What is the half-life of uranium-238? When an atom of uranium-238 (3$U) decays another radioactive nuclide called thorium-234 C8Th) is produced. What kind of radiation does a uranium-238 atom emit when it decays? When thorium-234 decays it emits beta radiation, What is beta radiation? £ Name one use for beta radiation. an 3. In some parts of Britain high levels of background radiation are caused by radon gas. The element radium-224 (#Ra) decays to form radon-220 (Rn). a What particle is emitted when radium-224 decays to form radon-220? b From where within a radium atom is the particle emitted? ¢ Radium-224 has a ‘half life’ of 3.6 days. What is meant by the phrase ‘half life’? If the initial count rate of a sample of radium-224 is 800 counts per second what is the count rate of this sample after i 3.6 days ii 10.8 days? 112 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic snares.515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS A radioactive source is emitting all three types of radiation of, Band y. What is an ot particle? What is a B particle? What is a y ray? From where are these radioactive particles and rays being emitted? Name one piece of apparatus that could be used to detect radiation £ Name one material through which B particles and ¥ rays can pass but not ct particles. g_ Name one material through which only very energetic rays can pass. nace 113 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic starts515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS 10: MISCELLANEOUS SET 1, *22r0° meta doar uss a args acromagnet Which pair of metals wilt pick up? ‘A. aluminium and brass 8 brass and copper © copper and iron D_ iton and stee! 2. Iman experiment, the north pole of a bar magnet is brought close to each end of @ freely suspended sof-fo rod in tum. soft iron [Whats the result ofthis experiment? ‘A. Bath ends ofthe rod are atacted to the north pole. B_ Both ends ofthe rod are repelod by the north pole. © Nelther end of the rods atracted by the magnet. « 1D One end of he rod tracted and one is repelled by the north pole. « 3. Whena current of 2A flows for5 seconds through a lamp, 120W of power are used. How much charge flows through the lamp? A 106 B 120 © ac D sc The diagram shows part of a crcuit 114 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic martes515722, 10:00 AM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS \Which component can be conected between X and ¥ so that he brighness ofthe lamps may be varied? A 8 c o a @% ‘Which circuit could be used to find the resistance of the resistor R? Get bt 6. A piece of polythene is rubbed wih a cloth duster. The polythene becomes negatively charged and the lath becomes positively charged. ‘What hes happened to the polythene and the cloth to cause this? pohrthene lth A gained electrons gained protons B gained elections lost electrons © ostprotons gained protons Dlostprotons ost electrons hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic 115 snsi128515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS ‘Which combination of identical resistors gives the lowest total value? nib 8, The dagram represents the wing from a 240 V mains supply to a socket outlet in a house. oath mains ‘ N supply 5 4 2 eath socket F a outlet {An electrician wanted to measure the voltage atthe socket outlet. ‘Between which numbered positions should a voltmoter be connected? A tands B 2and3 © 2and4 D Sanda 116 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic sart26515722, 10:00 AM 10. 1. (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Ina simple dc. motor, the direction ofthe curent in the motors reversed every half-evolution to keep the motor turing inthe same direction. |Which par ofthe motor dos this? brushes col commutator poles coor when a magnets moved into the col of wie show, thee isa smal reacng onthe sensitive meter 3 Which change would increase the size ofthe reading? ‘moving the magnet faster pling the magnet out pushing in the S-pole Unwinding some of the tuns of wire com> ‘Acol carrying a cutent, ‘make the coll move. ranged within @ magnetic field, The coll experiences forces that can How does the eo move? A tromXto¥ < out ofthe paper ‘along the magnet eld ~ tums about the axis XY coe 417 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic srr.515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS SECTION B 1 (a) (b) 118 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic The diagram shows a trolley of mass 1.0 kg attached by a cord to a body of mass 2.0 kg held at rest 1.2 m above the floor. 1.0kg 2.0 kg 1.2m The body is allowed to fall to the floor. (i) Whatis the change in potential energy of the falling body? (ii) What is the maximum speed of the trolley (neglecting friction and the motion of the pulley)? (iii) Sketch the speed-time graph for the motion of the trolley from the instant at which the body is released. (8 marks) In an investigation into car passenger safety a vehicle of mass 1000 kg is made to collide with a rigid concrete barrier at a speed of 12 mis. There are two man-like dummies, each mass 50 kg, in the car. Dummy A is securely fastened with a seat belt. Dummy B is completely unrestrained. The experiment shows that the time interval between the first contact with the barrier and the car coming to rest is O18. snartas515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Calculate: (i) the total change in momentum of car and dummies (ii) _ the retarding force exerted by the barrier (assumed constant) (iii) _ the deceleration of the car. (6 marks) (b) During the crash the car moves forward as its front crumples. Dummy A moves forward a distance of 0.5 m against the belt. Determine the average force exerted by the belt on Dummy A by equating the work done by the belt and the change in kinetic energy of Dummy A. (5 marks) (4) During the impact Dummy B shoots forward before being brought to rest by the windscreen. What arguments can you bring forward to show that the force stopping Dummy B is very great? (2 marks) DATA FOR THIS QUESTION The acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s®. 2. (a) The diagram shows a three-pin plug. fuse 119 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic sara515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS In your answer book copy and complete the following table. Terminal A B c Name Earth Colour of insulation on wire (5 marks) (c) State the purpose of (i) theearth wire (ii) the fuse (iii) the cable grip (3 marks) 3. Thunderclouds contain charges. Water drops are carried up by air currents and become charged. Fig. 3.1 shows a positively charged cloud and two drops of water. cloud — water drops not to scale ‘ground Figure 3.1 (a) Draw lines of force to show the electric field between the cloud and the ground. You may ignore the drops.(2 marks) 120 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ra0ne6515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (b) Fig. 3.1 shows the charge distribution on the two drops when they are in the electric field between the cloud and the ground. Drop 1 moves upwards and briefly touches drop 2. (i) Explain what happens to the charges on the two drops as they touch. (ii) Having touched, the drops now separate. State what charges will now be found on drop 1 and on. drop 2. (2 marks) (c) The build-up of charge on the cloud causes a large potential difference between the cloud and the ground. Explain, in terms of energy, what is meant by potential difference. (1 mark) Mins Supply é we Figure 4.1 Figure 4.1 above represents a ‘dimmer’ in a house lighting circuit. The brightness of the lamp may be altered using the variable resistor, X. The supply voltage (p.d.) is 220 V and the resistance of the lamp is 440 Q. (a) With the variable resistor set at zero resistance, calculate (i) the current in the circuit (3 marks) (ii) the power output of the lamp. (3 marks) (b) With the variable resistor set at its maximum value of 6602, calculate 121 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic ramnes515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (i) _ the current in the circuit. (2 marks) (ii) the potential difference across the lamp (2 marks) (iii) the power output of the lamp. (2 marks) 5. Fig. 5.1 shows an electric kettle connected to the 240V mains supply by a flexible cable. The kettle has a power rating of 2500W. flexible cable Fig. 5.1 The table shows the maximum current that may be carried ‘safely by wires of various diameters. wire diameter /mm_ | maximum current / A 0.50 3 0.75 6 1.00 10 1.25 13 1.50 15 (a) Show that the current in the cable when the kettle is in use is 10.4 A. State dearly any equation that you use. (2 marks) 122 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic reas515722, 10:00 aM (b) (c) (b) (c) bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS (i) From the table, select the smallest diameter of wire that can safely be used for this kettle. (i) Explain why it is dangerous to use a wire thinner than that in (i). @ marks) Describe one fault that may occur in the flexible cable that will cause the fuse in the plug to melt. Draw circuit symbols for the following logic gates. NOT NAND NOR (3 marks) Draw truth tables to show the functions of a (i) NAND gate (3 marks) (ii) NOR gate (3 marks) The circuit shown in Figure 6.1 can be used to sound an alarm when certain conditions occur with an electric kettle. “ 4 Figure 6.1 A, B and C are logic switches which are connected to the cover, water level and power switches and their corresponding states of cover. Water level and power switch are shown in Table 1 below. 123 rans515722, 10:00 AM 124 hips:Miphimis.comMnexgarimivbasic (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS Switch 1 0 A Kettle open Kettle closed B Water below heating | Water above heating element level element level c Power switch on Power switch off Table 1 (i) Analyse the circuit and complete the truth table in Table 2. Input Output A B c x Y Zz 0 0 0 0 1 of ifo 0 1 1 1] of] o 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Table 2 (6 marks) (iii) State, in words, the conditions under which the alarm will sound. (3 marks) Total 18 marks State Newton's Second Law of motion. Use Newton's Second Law to explain the existence of the force of gravity on a falling object. Describe an experiment in saunas515722, 10:00 aM (CSEC Physics Workbook Pages 1-50 Flip POF Download | FipHTWLS which a simple pendulum is used to measure ‘g’, the acceleration due to gravity. (8 marks) ()_ Consider the action of kicking an initially stationary soccer ball so that it travels through the air, hits the goal post and rebounds. We can treat it as an example of the application of Newton's Second Law. bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic (i) (ii) (iti) (iv) ) (vi) The ball has a mass of 0.44 kg and leaves the kicker's foot with an initial velocity of 50 ms". Calculate the momentum of the ball immediately after it has been kicked. Calculate also the kinetic energy of the ball immediately after it has been kicked. Identify the energy transformations that take place when the ball strikes the goal post and rebounds; \s kinetic energy lost in the collision between the football and the goal post? Explain your answer. Explain why, “in real life’, the ball would not travel at constant speed but would slow down as it goes farther and farther from the kicker. Draw a simple sketch, without numbers, of a velocity time diagram that shows the slowing down of the ball during its motion through the air. (12 marks) Total 20 marks 125 rasn26515722, 10:00 aM Physies Workbook Pages 1-50- Flip POF Download | FipHTMLS 126 bitpsiphtmi.comhexgalrimhvbasic re8n26