RULE 7&8

DESIGN USING PD.1096 AND ITS

REVISED IMPLEMENTING RULES AND
REGULATIONS (IRR)
Arch. Rico Blevens Ado, UAP
Arch. Jobel N. Bartolome, UAP
BRIEF HISTORY OF BUILDING CODE
Building codes have a long history. What is generally
accepted as the first building code was in the
Code of Hammurabi which specified:

• 228. If a builder build a house for a man and

complete it, that man shall pay him two shekels of
silver per sar (approx. 12 sq. ft.) of house as his
wage.
• 229. If a builder builds a house for someone, and
does not construct it properly, and the house
which he built falls in and kills its owner, then that
builder shall be put to death.
• 230. If it kills the son of the owner, the son of that
builder shall be put to death.
• 231. If it kills a slave of the owner, then he shall
pay, slave for slave, to the owner of the house.
 • 232. If it ruins goods, he shall make compensation
for all that has been ruined, and in as much as he
did not construct properly this house which he
built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from
his own means.

• 233. If a builder builds a house for someone, even

though he has not yet completed it; if then the
walls seem toppling, the builder must make the
walls solid from his own means.
The Law of Moses stipulated a specific construction
requirement which is also an early form of a building
code. The Bible book of Deuteronomy, chapter 22
verse 8, states:
• "In case you build a new house, you must also make a
parapet for your roof, that you may not place bloodguilt upon
your house because someone falling might fall from it."
 Overall Purpose:

• To protect public health and safety by setting a

“minimum” standard of quality
• Codes are to be followed & maintained, but are to
be used as “basic” foundations for quality
• Codes do not regulate building appearance, but do
deal with issues of building “performance”.
• Codes do place limitations on design and
aesthetics
• Putting the Built Environment in order
• Protect the Natural and Built environment
WHY RULE 7.0 AND 8.0?

Both Rules Focuses on

CC, DC and DP
Carrying Capacity of Lot

The optimized extent of physical development

that may be introduced into the lot without
causing undue damage, effects or hardship on
the end-users of the proposed development or
on neighboring occupants, entities, properties,
lands, developments or the environment
(whether man-made or natural) and with the
proposed building/structure capable of being
supported by existing utility, transportation
and service systems or by proposed
expansions/upgrading of such systems within
the immediate future;
Development Control
(For Lots and Buildings/ Structures)

A set of inter-acting regulations

concerning the physical utilization of a lot
and likewise governing the planning/design
of spaces and/or the use/occupancy of a
building/structure to be introduced (or
already existing) on a lot; development
controls help determine in detail the
development potential and/or the carrying
capacity of all lots and/or of proposed
developments on lots.
Development Potential of the lot

The maximum extent of physical

development that may be introduced
into the lot, i.e., the erection of the
proposed buildings/ structures, after
full compliance with the applicable
regulations that need to be satisfied,
specifically those found in the Code,
i.e., the PNBC.  
WITH THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE IN THE
PROPER APPLICATION OF DEVELOPMENT
CONTROLS (DC), AN ARCHITECTURAL PLAN/
DESIGN IN WORDS AND NUMBERS IS ENTIRELY
POSSIBLE (WITHOUT A LINE NEEDING TO BE
DRAWN BY THE CONCERNED ARCHITECT). THIS
HELPS REDUCE COSTS AND FALSE STARTS. IT IS
MOST ECONOMICAL FOR EVERYONE.

AA
Rule 7.0
Classification and General Requirements of
all “BUILDINGS” by use or occupancy
Rule gives emphasis on Building Enveloped. And
the built forms within the LOT.

• Building Classification ( Table VII.1)

• Building Height ( Table VII.2.)
• Minimum Building Volume
• Maximum Building Volume
• Minimum Area
• Parking Requirements ( Table VII.4)
Provisions OF Rule 7.0
1. Under Rule VII (Classification & Requirements
of Buildings by Use and Occupancy), a schedule of
principal, accessory and conditional uses/
occupancies for buildings was prepared and
matched with specific zoning classifications see
Table VII.I;

2. Rule VII, Sec. 702: change in use is strictly

prohibited unless approved by the BO

3. Rule VII, Sec. 703: mixed occupancy, forms of

Occupancy Separation eg. One-hour Fire Resistive
to Four- Hour Fire Resistive
 Type of Occupancy
Use Groups • Designation
Residential A
Residentials, Hotels and Apartments B
Educational and Recreational C
Institutional D
Business and Merchantile E
Industrial F
Storage and Hazardous G
Assembly other than Group I H
Assembly w/ an Occupant Load of 1000 I
or more
Accessory J

A total of 10 groups of Occupancies subdivided into 25

divisions. Refer to Section 701 of Rule VII
Possible to have multiple uses. We refer to this as “MIXED USE” 15
4. Rule VII, Sec. 704 : firewalls relative to foot-
printing of buildings/ structures shall be strictly
implemented; for instance, firewalls are explicitly
prohibited for low density residential uses (R-1);
allowed lengths of firewalls in relation to lot
perimeter dimensions are prescribed for all other
uses, specifically for residential condominium uses
(R-5);

5. Rule VII, Sec. 705: prescribes Allowable

Maximum Total Gross Floor Areas (TGFAs),
which is the product of the Building Height Limit
(BHL), i.e., defined in both number of storeys
and height in meters, and the Allowable
Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF) for each
type of building use/ occupancy (Table VII.1.);
6. Rule VII, Sec. 707 : prescribes Allowable
Maximum Building height (BHL) see Table VII.2.,
establishing grade to determine the Height of the
structure, other consideration in height
determination including those RROW-based
limitations, allowable conditions(buildable) within
the approach-departure zones thru the interaction
with the standard and recommended Practices
( SARP’S) of the international Civil Aviation
organization (ICAO), Civil air regulation of the Air
Transportation Office (ATO);
 
H=< 3.00 m H=> 3.00 m
7. Rule VII, Sec. 707, Subsection 4 : prescribes
more detailed parking requirements for each type
of building use/ occupancy ( Table VII.4.) ; parking
must be integral parts of building projects and all
parking located outside shall be considered
buffer parking: prescribed a minimum of 50
meters from any intersection of the desired
vehicular ingress/egress of a building specially
those traffic generating eg. Shopping malls or
similar facilities ;
 
8. Rule VII, Sec. 708, Subsection 4 : prescribes
the minimum requirements for a Group A
( Residential Dwellings) as detailed from
subsection 1 to 11 eg. Light and Ventilation,
sanitation, foundation, post and so forth.
50.00 m intersection

50.00 m
The architectural features of the Guidelines under
Rule VII of the 2005 Revised IRR?
 
1. Under Rule VII Guidelines, building bulk
limitations are suggested through the interaction
of Floor-Lot Area Ratios (FLAR), the Allowable
Maximum Building Foot-print (AMBF) (Table
VII.G.1.), the width of the road right-of-way
(RROW) and all other applicable provisions for
natural light and ventilation;
 
2. Under Rule VII Guidelines, examples are shown
as to the manner of sizing buildings or
establishing the development potentials of a lot/
property with the proper interactive application of
the foregoing development controls; and
3. Under Rule VII Guidelines, the following are also
included:
 
a) floor to lot area (FLAR) designations for all
major building occupancies see Table VII.G.1. ;
 
b) factors are also suggested to convert Gross
Floor Areas (GFA) to Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA)
see Table VII.G.2.;
 
c) determination of the outermost face of building
(OFB) and outermost limit of building projection
(OLBP) using angles drawn from the centerline of
the road right-of-way (RROW) see Table VII.G.3.;
 
 FLOOR AREA RATIO
We use FLAR calculations for the following
reasons…
• To determine the maximum size building that can be
constructed
• To determine the feasibility of building or property
expansion
• To determine the FLAR value of an existing building
for real-estate marketing
• Measure the Development Density , A higher FLAR
equate to more dense development of the LOT.
Planning & Zoning may give both minimum &
maximum FLAR Values.
See Table G.1 for Min & Max FLAR Rights
24
Understanding Floor Area Ratio( FLAR )
FLAR = Gross floor Area (GFA)
Total Lot Area (TLA)
GFA = FLAR x Total Lot Area (TLA)

FLAR = .50 FLAR = 1.0 FLAR = 1.5

25
 MINIMUM FLAR VALUES
Minimum FAR values are designed to prevent
“ underdevelopment ”

Unused Rights

When it comes to Return of investment eg. Medium-Rise Apartment you

are behind (Lugi ka) than those maximized the Development Potential of
the Property.
26
 MAXIMUM FLAR VALUES
Maximum FAR values are designed to prevent
“ Over Development ”

Deprive the rights for

Light and Ventilation of
the neighboring property

Dito naman abusado ka! The whole site/zone

alienated by your development. 27
d) establishing the OFB through the interactive use
of the allowed maximum building footprint (AMBF),
the building height limit (BHL), the allowable
maximum volume of building (AMVB) and the
angular plane along the RROW; and
 
e) Rule VII, Section 709, subsection C buildings and
accessory structures within cemeteries &
memorial parks.
 NO BUILDING ZONE
No architectural Projection Allowed

Figure VII.G.1
RULE 8.0
Light and Ventilation
Rule gives emphasis on Buildable space to satisfy
the min. Light and Ventilation. And the built forms
within the Adjoining Property LOT.

• Lot types
• Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO)
• Total Open Space within the Lot (TOSL)
• Building SETBACKS
Provisions of Rule 8.0
1. Rule VIII (Light and Ventilation), Section
801: strictly prohibits the alteration of the
structure that will result to inadequate Light and
Ventilation

2. Rule VIII (Light and Ventilation), Section 803

: maximum Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO)
is discussed at length; the identifiable Total Open
Space within a Lot (TOSL) are sub-classified and
limits prescribed for all building uses and
occupancies, e.g., the Maximum Allowable
Impervious Surface Area (ISA) or hardscaped
Area , the Minimum Unpaved Surface Area
(USA)or Softscaped see Table VIII.1.;
 3. Rule VIII , Section 803, Subsection 4 :
prescribes the abutments for R1 to R5 and C3
similar to that prescribed in Rule VII, Section 4,
Subsection 4, item c. exhibits the lot types from
Figure VIII.1. to VIII.11.

4. Rule VIII, Section 804 :

 4.a) prescribes a minimum front setback of only 4.50 meters
for a low-density residential (R-1) structure(Table VIII.2.) on a
minimum lot size of 301 sq.m.(14.0 m frontage x 21.5 m depth)see
Table VIII.G.7;
 
4.b) prescribes a minimum front setback of 8.00 meters at the
ground floor level only for medium and high density residential (R-
2 and R-3) buildings/ structures that are more than 3 storeys/ 9.0
m in height; and
 
4.c) prescribes front setbacks of from 5.0 to 8.0 meters for all
types of commercial, industrial, institutional and recreational
developments plus incremental side and rear setbacks for such
buildings/ structures using RROW Width ( Table VIII.3).
5. Rule VIII, Section 805 : prescribed the ceiling height
for habitable room of a minimum 2.40, a 2.70 for the first
storey and a 2.40 for the succeeding stories, and a
minimum of 2.70 rooms with natural ventilation, and a
1.80 m. minimum height for mezzanine floors.;
 
6. Rule VIII, Section 806 : prescribed the minimum size
of the rooms.
 
 7. Rule VIII, Section 807 : prescribed the air space
requirements in determining the room size .
 
8. Rule VIII, Section 808: prescribed the window opening
equal to at least 10% of the floor area, prohibits opening
on abutments (such as firewalls) erected along property
line.
 
9. Rule VIII. Sections 809,810 and 811: provisions on
Vent shafts, skylights and artificial ventilation
Under Rule VIII Guidelines, the following are
included:
 
a) suggested treatments for easements/
waterside rights-of-way (ROW), e.g., esplanades
and promenades and stipulations on structures
allowed/ disallowed along or within designated
easement areas;
 
b) view corridors/ sight lines along road rights-of-
way (RROWs);
 
c) suggested median and lane widths within
RROWs;
 
d) suggested minimum RROW provisions for
developments with multiple dwelling units;
 
 e) access to interior lots ;
 
f) suggested development components within
RROWs at all its levels;
 
g) use, treatment and development of arcades,
sidewalks, curbs and driveways ;
 
h) incremental front setbacks for tall structures
using RROW widths;
 
i) detailed open space requirements for all
building types/ occupancies Table VIII.G.6. ;
 
 Floor Plate = 0
The extent of Development potential
 30th Floor

 16th Floor

 9th Floor

Bldg. Width
Bldg. Depth

 Resultant TGFA  Resultant AMVB

Where zoning began:
Equitable Building,
Manhattan, 1915, designed
by Graham, Anderson (the
successor to Burnham &
Root). The 40-story bulk
results in an FAR of nearly
30 and, infamously, a seven-
acre shadow; the resulting
outrage resulted in the 1916
adoption of America's first
zoning ordinance--which
mandated the wedding-cake
setbacks common in
subsequent Manhattan
skyscrapers, particularly
during the Art Deco era.
 Visual Analogy of Incremental Setback
Figures to describe Table VIII.G.6.
Figures to describe Table VIII.G.6.
Figures to describe Table VIII.G.6.
Figures to describe Table VIII.G.6.
First Basement = + 2.80 to
both Building Width and
Depth

Sample:
20 x 30 = Resultant AMBF
22.80 x 32.8 = First Basement
 PROPERTY LINE

Residential Building
Single Family Detached Architects WHAT WILL BE
THE DEVELOPMENT
POTENTIAL OF THIS LOT?
PROPERTY LINE
Three Major Factors Determines the
Development Potential (DC)of a
Property,Building/Structure:

• Zoning Classification
and Character of
Occupancy Development
• RROW Control (DC)
RELATIONSHIP
• Lot Types

51
 The DP Relationship
Type of
Occupancy
Building Use

Determines
• Lot Types
• Reference for Angular Plane Road Right of Way
used to established OFB RROW
• SETBACKS ( Table VIII.3.)
For Group CDEF
52
 The DP Relationship
Type of
Occupancy
Building Use

USE
• Intended purpose of building
• Some building are mixed use
• These are broken down into “USE GROUPS”

TABLE VII.1
53
 The DP Relationship
Type of
Occupancy
Building Use

Lot Types RROW

SEE figure VIII.1 to Road Right of Way
Figure VIII.11

Failure to established this item will lead to

54
misinterpretation of the Given Design Problem.
 PROPERTY LINE
R ISA = LOT
Width x Side R-ISA
Rear Setback

RS-ISA
LS-ISA AMBF=Area
LS ISA = BLDG. RS ISA = BLDG.
PSO=Percentage DEPTH x Side
DEPTH x Side
Setback Setback
PROPERTY LINE

USA= LOT
Width x Front
USA
Setback
RROW
 PROPERTY LINE

BW TOSL= USA+ISA
( Sq. M. )

AMBF = TLA-TOSL
MACA ( Sq. M. )
BD AMBF=Area or BW X BD
PSO=Percentage
PSO = AMBF/TLA
(Percentage)

MACA = PSO + ISA

PROPERTY LINE

TOSL ( Sq. M. )
 NO BUILDING ZONE

3.00
Center line of RROW

TF

STOREYS
BHL
3.00
SF

3.00
degrees GF
½ OF rrow
FRONT SETBACKS BUILDING DEPTH
Application of angles/slope to satisfy natural light and
ventilation requirements
GRAND TGFA
=Resultant Area per Floor X BHL

bw x bd = area sq.m.

No. of STOREYS
TF

bw x bd = area sq.m.
SF

bw x bd = area sq.m.
GF
Building Depth = BD
Bldg. Width = WD

Floor Plate= result of setbacks or if firewall is

allowed = AMBF
 NEXT CLASS…
NEXT LESSON…
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN and
SITE PLANNING
ARCH. RICO B. ADO, UAP