GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,RATNAGIRI

A Project On

Scop of contraction materials in different engineering field.

Submitted to

“ contruction material “
( 22202 )

Under the gudidance of

Mr. Pratik Sakhalkar Sir.

Sumitted by

1. Prashant Balu Ghadi ( 1114 )

2. Sagar Subhash Jawale ( 1120 )

3. Pratik JJiteandra Mestry ( 1129 )

4. Vaibhav Vijaykumar Potkar (1139

Department of Civil Engineering

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,RATNAGIRI

2020 – 2021

Certificate

This is to certify that seminar on microproject entitled “ Scop

of contraction materials in different engineering field “ is
bonafied record of the year 2020 – 2021 under the guidance of
Mr. Pratik Sakhalkar Sir of Civil Department in partial
fulfillment of requirement for subject Construction material
( 22202 ) for the frist senester Government Polytechnic
Ratnagiri.

NAME OF TEAM MEMBERS:

1. Prashant Balu Ghadi ( 1114 )

2. Sagar Subhash Jawale ( 1120 )

3. Pratik JJiteandra Mestry ( 1129 )

4. Vaibhav Vijaykumar Potkar (1139

PLACE: RATNAGIRI

DATE:

SUBJECT TEACHER HEAD OF DEAPARTMENT PRINCIPAL

 INDEX

1. Introduction
2. Besic terms related to Constraction Materials
3. Classification & Uses Constraction Materials
4. Collection of Photographs Type of Constraction Materials
5. Types of Constraction Materials Different Engineering Field
6. Refernce
Introduction constraction matrials:

Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring

substances, such as clay, rocks, sand and wood, even twigs and leaves, have been
used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made
products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building
materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is
typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such
as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up
of habitats and structures including homes.

Besic Terms Releted constractiion Materials:

In history there are trends in building materials from being natural to becoming more
man-made and composite; biodegradable to imperishable; indigenous (local) to being
transported globally; repairable to disposable; chosen for increased levels of fire-safety,
and improved seismic resistance.. These trends tend to increase the initial and long
term economic, ecological, energy, and social costs of building materials Economic
costs, Ecological cost, Energy costs, Social costs.

Classification & Uses Constraction Materials:

1. Building materials may further be classified as inorganic and organic
building materials.

● Inorganic materials consists of mud, cement, lime, gypsum, steel

● Organic materials such as wood and biomass.

2. Another classification based on technology for building materials spanning

from production to application is

● Binders based on cement, lime, pozzolanic and polymeric materials

● Building components such as natural building stones, mud bricks,
stabilized soil bricks, burnt clay bricks and blocks, concrete and pozzolanic
blocks, organic fibres and various roofing and structural materials
● Water proofing compounds and sealants
● Paints, painting materials and coatings

3. A classification that appears to be more suited to the stage of

industrialization in developing countries is

● Building materials for basic construction

● Special purpose materials
 ● Protective and decorative materials
4. Based on the improvements made on traditional materials for improved
performance, a group of traditional material with innovations has emerged.
These are called-innovations in traditional material. The introduction of a
number of materials as new alternatives is called as new alternatives building
materials.Therefore, based on the stage of developments brought into
building material generation, building materials are classified as

● Conventional/traditional materials
● Innovations in traditional materials
● New and alternative materials

Collection of Photographs Type of Constraction Materials

Buildings can be categorized into five different types of construction: fire-resistive,
non-combustible, ordinary, heavy timber, and wood-framed. Based on the construction
types, there are various materials used in the construction of buildings.

All these construction materials are used in building construction projects. Find below
the construction materials list, construction materials name list with pictures, and
various construction materials used in house construction.

1. Cement – Construction Materials

A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres

to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own but rather to
bind sand and gravel together. Cement companies produced mixed with fine aggregate
produce mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel produces concrete.

2. Structural Steel
Structural steel is a popular construction material, often used alongside concrete to
create impressive and long-lasting buildings. Its versatility, sustainability, and flexibility
are some of the main reasons for its use and cost-effectiveness.

3. Reinforcement Steel

Steel reinforcement bars or rebars are used to improve the tensile strength of the

concrete since concrete is fragile in tension but is strong in compression. Steel is only
used as rebar because of the elongation of steel due to high temperatures (thermal
expansion coefficient) nearly equal to that of concrete. Carbon steel is the most
common form of steel rebar. Rebar is commonly used as a tensioning device in
reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures holding the concrete in
compression.

4. Bitumen
Bitumen is a material obtained by fractional distillation of crude petroleum as an end
product. According to IS: 334-1951, bitumen is a non-crystalline solid or viscous
material having adhesive properties derived from petroleum either by natural or refinery
process. Bituminous materials are used for road construction, roofing, waterproofing,
and other applications. For the main application, which is road construction, the major
concerns, as with concrete, are cost and durability.

5. River sand or Natural sand as a Construction Materials

This sand is white-grey and is one of the fine graded sands used in the construction of
buildings. They are mainly used in concrete and masonry work. They can also be used
for RCC, plastering, and many other brick or block works.

5. Bricks
A brick is a type of block used to build walls, pavements, and other elements in masonry
construction. Properly, the term brick denotes a block composed of dried clay but is now
also used informally to denote other chemically cured construction blocks. Bricks can be
joined together using mortar, adhesives, or by interlocking them. Bricks are produced in
numerous classes, types, materials, and sizes which vary with region and time period
and are produced in bulk quantities.

6. Timber (Wood) as a Construction Materials

Timber is used indoors, windows, cabinet, cupboards, shelves, tables, and railings, etc.
Timber is also popularly used in the form of plywood & raw wood. Products like ply
blocks and ply boards, heavy patterned doors, and windows are made of solid
wood/Timber to provide strength, toughness, and durability. Also, Wood is one of the
most used natural building materials in the world. Hardwoods are commonly used to
construct walls, ceilings, and floors, while softwoods are often used to make doors,
furniture, and window frames. Some examples of the most popular hardwoods include
oak, maple, mahogany, cherry, walnut, and teak.

Types of Constraction Materials Different Engineering Field

The scope of Constraction and Building Materials includes, but is not restricted to,
materials, NDT and monitoring aspects of new works and repair and maintenance of the
following: bridges, high-rise buildings, dams, civil engineering structures, sios,
highway,pavements, tunnels, water containment structures, sewers.

1. Geotechnical Engineering
● Geotechnical engineeringis is that field of civil engineering whichdeals with
soil investigation and design of proper foundations of structures.

● Soil in vstigation includes collection and tsting of soil samples.

● Geotechnical engineering includes measurement of soil parameters and

safe bearing capacity . It also includes constraction and design of simpal
foundations, pile foundations, well foundations, caissons, coffer dams,
constraction of foundations of dams, constraction of tunnels, sub base of
road,earthen dams, erth related constraction.

2. Environmental Engineering
● Environmental Engineering deals with pollution control and public
health engineering. Different types of Pollutions are water, air, noise and
othr pollution.

● Due to large scale iudustrialization, population growth, rapaid urbanization

and several other human activities like construction, mining, transportation,
environment gets polluted.

● Environmental Engineering deals with technologies & facilities which

are engaged in reducing pollucation. Public health engineering includes
water treatment, water distribution network & soild waste management.

3. Structural Engineering
● This Branch of civil engineering dals with structural analysis and
design of structures. Structural analysis s done to calculate stresss in
structural components, on the basis of loads, acting on structures.

● Sections of structural elements like bams, columns, slabs, etc. are

desgned. Structural analysis recurs much calculation hence advanced
computing software’s are used to carry out structural analysis and
design.
 Refernce
1. https://www.constructionplacements.com/various-types-constr
uction-materials-used-in-building-constructions/

2. https://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/timber-wood-as-c
onstruction-materials.html

3. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=27633

4. https://www.shutterstock.com/search/steel+reinforcement