Methods of research (cbmec 108)

Name: jenerose sanchez bsba fm-ii

Prof.: ariel n. labaniego,mba

Chapter 7: DATA COLLECTION

Questions and discussion!

1.What are kinds of instruments used in collecting data? Distinguish one from another.
Answer:
Data collection is an important step in the research process. The instrument you choose to collect the data
will depend on the type of data you plan on collecting (qualitative or quantitative) and how you plan to
collect it. A number of common data-collecting instruments are used in construction research:
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observations
Archival documents and government sources
Laboratory experiments
Quasi experiment
Scales (measuring and weighing tapes)
2. What are the steps involved in the preparation of a questionnaire and an interview schedule?
Answer:
There are at least nine distinct steps: decide on the information required; define the target respondents,
select the method(s) of reaching the respondents; determine question content; word the questions;
sequence the questions; check questionnaire length; pre-test the questionnaire and develop the final
questionnaire.
3. What meant by validity of an instrument, what about reliability?
Answer:
What do you mean by validity?
Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure. If research has high
validity, that means it produces results that correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in
the physical or social world. High reliability is one indicator that a measurement is valid. While
Reliability refers to how consistently a method measures something. If the same result can be consistently
achieved by using the same methods under the same circumstances, the measurement is considered
reliable.
4. What are the different ways of determining the reliability of an instrument? Describe the process for
each.
Answer:
1. Test-retest method. This involves administering the same test twice to the same test is
administered to the same people again.
2. Internal consistency or the split-half procedure. This approach involves the scoring of the first
half and then the second half of the instrument separately for each person and the calculating a
correlation coefficient for the two sets of score.

CHAPTER 8: INSTRUMENTATION
Questions and discussion:

1.What are kinds of instruments used in collecting data? Distinguish one from another.
Answer:
Data collection is an important step in the research process. The instrument you choose to collect the data
will depend on the type of data you plan on collecting (qualitative or quantitative) and how you plan to
collect it. A number of common data-collecting instruments are used in construction research:
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observations
Archival documents and government sources
Laboratory experiments
Quasi experiment
Scales (measuring and weighing tapes)
2. What are the steps involved in the preparation of a questionnaire and an interview schedule?
Answer:
There are at least nine distinct steps: decide on the information required; define the target respondents,
select the method(s) of reaching the respondents; determine question content; word the questions;
sequence the questions; check questionnaire length; pre-test the questionnaire and develop the final
questionnaire.
3. What meant by validity of an instrument, what about reliability?
Answer:
What do you mean by validity?
Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure. If research has high
validity, that means it produces results that correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in
the physical or social world. High reliability is one indicator that a measurement is valid. While
Reliability refers to how consistently a method measures something. If the same result can be consistently
achieved by using the same methods under the same circumstances, the measurement is considered
reliable.
4. What are the different ways of determining the reliability of an instrument? Describe the process for
each.
Answer:
1. Test-retest method. This involves administering the same test twice to the same test is
administered to the same people again.
2. Internal consistency or the split-half procedure. This approach involves the scoring of the first
half and then the second half of the instrument separately for each person and the calculating a
correlation coefficient for the two sets of score.

Chapter 9: DATA PROCESSING

Questions AND DISCUSSION:

1. What do you mean by coding?
Answer:
Coding is the process of converting all possible response categories to a question to a unique
numerical code. The codes may be marked on the questionnaire/ interview schedule or written a
special prepared coding sheet. The codes are usually defined in a coding manual.
2. When and Why is coding necessary in research?
Answer:
Using coding, researchers are able to analyze their data and break it down into new, unexplored
results. Through this skill, qualitative text data is analyzed in multiple ways, then put back
together in results that make sense in the context of the research in question. Process coding is
helpful when you want to understand actions in the data.
3. What are the steps involved in data processing?
Answer:
1. Editing- Editing is done accomplished questionnaire/interview schedules to
discover omissions, inconsistency of responses or completeness of
information.
2. Coding- is the process of converting all possible response categories to a
question to unique numerical code. The codes may be marked on the
questionnaire/ interview schedule or written a special prepared coding
sheet.