arnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis muSaobis gegma

instituti 14 aprili,
aprili 11 saa
saaTi

l . e z u g b a i a, Sesavali sitKva

1. v. S e n g e l i a, fragmentebi mogonebidan akademikos ar-

nold Ciqobavaze. XXIX-XXXVI

2. i. a s a T i a n i, batoni arnold Ciqobava, mecnieri,

moGvawe, moZGvari _ misi mowafisaTvis
arnold Ciqobavas 3. T. u T u r g a i Z e, -an sufiqsisaTvis mediumTa formebSi
sakiTxavebi 4. g. g o g o l a S v i l i, zmniswini da dro-kiloTa sistema
(ramdenime faqti da ramdenime kiTxva)

5. a. a r a b u l i, l. b i n i a S v i l i, l. s o x a Z e, sa-

XX leqsikono statiis redaqtirebis ramdenime aspeqtisa-

Tvis (erTi zmnuri budis magaliTze)

6. m. q u r d i a n i, uZvelesi iranuli sociolingvisturi

2009 wlis 14-17 aprili modeli da misi mniSvneloba mezobeli qveKnebis enobrivi
politikis formirebaze (saqarTvelos magaliTze)

7. m. C u x u a, protokavkasiuri fuZe-enis leqsikuri Sedge-

masalebi nilobisaTvis (dro, ca, mnaTobebi, bunebis movlenebi)

8. l. s a n i k i Z e, w(<wa), wa, z segmentebi bacburi (wova-

TuSuri) enis ricxviT saxelebSi

9. n. m a y a v a r i a n i, mwerTa afxazuri saxelwodebebis se-

mantikur-struqturuli analizi

10. l. a z m a i f a r a S v i l i, zog nacvalsaxelur formaTa

Sesaxeb kaxeTSi mosaxle xunZebis metKvelebaSi (Kvarlis
r-nis sof. Tivis metKvelebis mixedviT)
Tbilisi
2009 11. d. a x v l e d i a n i, saTaurebisa da saxelwodebebis mar-
Tlweris Sesaxeb

3
15 apri
aprili
rili,
li 11 saa
saaTi 16 apri
aprili
rili,
li 11 saa
saaTi

1. m. G l o n t i, wuTis semantikuri funqciisaTvis qar- 1. i. C a n t l a Z e, f. v a n i l i S i, lazur tiponimTa sis-

TulSi tema ,,didi nenafonas~ mixedviT

2. p. c x a d a i a, sami kolxuri mikrohidronimis struqtu- 2. c. b a r a m i Z e, kilos formobrivi da funqciuri da-

rul-semantikuri analizi (mionCurafu, dudiS owKvita- tvirTva da hipotaqsis CamoKalibebis gzebi Tabasaranul
fu, saorgio) 1. mionCurafu. enaSi

3. n. a r d o t e l i, sabrunebeli saxelis fuZis warmoebi- 3. e. g a z d e l i a n i, mravlobiTi ricxvis -u, -i’du su-

saTvis xunZur enaSi fiqsebis Sesaxeb svanurSi

4. t. g u r g e n i Z e, zogi ram inkluziv-eqskluzivis kate- 4. n. y o x o n e l i Z e, mimarTvis formebi r. inaniSvilis

goriis Sesaxeb enaSi

5. e. g i u n a S v i l i, saSualo sparsuli geografiuli 5. r. y k a d u a, a- prefiqsis adgilisa da funqciisaTvis

terminologiis kvlevis sakiTxebisaTvis qarTul wKaroeb- svanuri enis zmnur formebSi
Si
6. r. S e r o z i a, `vefxistKaosnis leqsikidan~ II
6. T. b u r y u l a Z e, msazGvrel-sazGvrulis adgilisaTvis
7. m. C a C a n i Z e, denotacia-konotaciis dialeqtika da Ta-
saSual qarTulSi
namedrove leqsikografiis tendenciebi
7. k. m i T a g v a r i a, saxeluri sitKvawarmoeba adiGeurSi.
8. c. J a n J G a v a, pirveli piris subieqtis ormagi aGniSvna
I reduplikacia
megrulSi
8. n. J o r Z e n a Z e, `jurnalistis orTografiul-stilis-
9. q. m a r g i a n i -s u b a r i, svanuris specifikuri Turme-
tikuri leqsikoni~
obiTebis afiqsaciisaTvis
9. n. x a r C i l a v a, qalis qonebis aGmniSvneli erTi ter-
minis Sesaxeb samurzaKanoSi 10. n. o T i n a S v i l i, sofel wirqolis onomastika

10. n. m a m i s e i S v i l i, sizmari da ocneba fuZeTa kavSi- 11. m. b a r i x a S v i l i, nasesxebi leqsika udiur enasa da
risaTvis qarTulSi ingilour dialeqtSi

11. d. a n f i m i a d i, TanxmovanTa vokalizaciis Sesaxeb

qarTul musikalur enaSi

4 5
 levan azmaifaraSvili
17 apri
aprili
rili,
li 11 saa
saaTi
zog nacvalsaxelur formaTa Sesaxeb kaxeTSi
1. n. q u T e l i a, diaqroniuli fonotaqtika da sistemis mosaxle xunZebis metKvelebaSi
elementTa transformacia (Kvarlis r-
r-nis sof.
sof. Tivis metKvelebis mixedviT)
mixedviT)
2. c. a x v l e d i a n i, konsonantur JgufTa Seswavlis prin-
cipebi /romanul enaTa masalaze/ cnobilia, rom saliteraturo xunZurSi (resp. Crdilour
xunZurSi) ar gvxvdeba III piris nacvalsaxelTa formebi. maT
3. T. v a S a k i Z e, martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri meqaniz- funqcias aq, rogorc wesi, CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi asrule-
misaTvis Tanamedrove qarTulSi ben: do-
do-v (I kl.), do-
do- (II kl.), do-
do-b (III kl.) `is~, do-
do-l (mr.r.)
4. S. g a b i s k i r i a, `vefxitKaosnis~ ori anTroponimis `isini~.
warmomavlobisaTvis (rosani, dularduxti) sxvagvari viTarebaa am mxriv anwuxurSi; magaliTad, sof.
Tivis mkvidr anwuxelTa toxur-yadaqolour TqmaSi III piris
5. S. f u t k a r a Z e, zedsarTav saxelebTan dakavSirebuli
nacvalsaxelTa sakuTari formebi moipoveba, anu pirisa da Cve-
Taviseburebani imerxeulSi
nebiTi nacvalsaxelebi TvalsaCinodaa diferencirebuli. anwu-
6. m. r o b a q i Z e, `sitKvis~ Sinaarsobrivi aspeqtebis Sesa- xurSi III piris nacvalsaxelebad gvevlinebian G-a (I kl.), G-e (II
xeb Zvel qarTul da Zvel somxur enebSi kl.), G-ab (III kl.) `igi~, G-al (mr. r.) `isini~. magaliTebi: Ga
tva `igi (kaci) wavida~, Ge tva `igi (qali) wavida~, Gab lÀ´id
7. h. C i m q e, odnaobis semantikis Se-
Se- zmniswinian formaTa
hububona? `es vin gaakeTa?~, Gal lÀ´a rugu `isini aq arian~...
gadmocemis saSualebani TurqulSi
CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebia anwuxurSi d-a (I kl.), d-e (II
8. n. b a r T a i a, nestan-dareJanis interpretaciasTan dakav- kl.), d-ab (III kl.), d-al (mr.r.). magaliTebi: da muh>amad vula
SirebiT `ai, is muhamadi aris~, de aminaT ula `ai, is aminaTi aris~,
9. r. l o l u a, albanuri leqcionaris amokiTxvisaTvis dab Cu bula `ai, is cxeni aris~... swored am formebs Seesa-
tKviseba Crdilouri xunZuris do-v, do- do-, do- do-l Cvene-
do-b, do-
10. n. d o l i Z e, guruli dialeqti sxvadasxva janris teq- biTi (aseve III piris) nacvalsaxelebi.
stebSi III piris nacvalsaxelTa anwuxuri formebis Sesaxeb cno-
11. T. p a p i a S v i l i, samSeneblo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli bebi ar moipoveba il. cercvaZis naSromSi (`anwuxuri dialeq-
terminebi afxazur enaSi ti~. 1948), maT sagangebod arc S. miqailovi gamoKofs, Tumca
mis monografiaSi (`Очерки аварской диалектологии”, 1959) gvxvdeba
am nacvalsaxelTa Semcveli calkeuli frazebi, mag., aseTebi:
Ga tva dvax `igi (kaci) wavida iqiT~, Ge tva dex `igi (qali)
wavida iqiT~... am frazebsac mkvlevari sxva sakiTxebze msJelo-
bisas moixmobs sailustraciod. nacvalsaxelTa es formebi Se-
tanili aqvT Tavis sitKvaTkrebulSi a. kibriksa da s. koZasovs

6 7
(`Сопоставительное изучение дагестанских языков. Имя. Фонетика”,
1990).
anwuxuris Ga (I kl.), Ge (II kl.), Gab (III kl.), Gal (mr.
r.) piris nacvalsaxelTa SesatKvisad Crdilour xunZurSi gvev-
linebian CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi Gov (I kl.), Go (II kl.),
Gob (III kl.), Gol (mr. r.). arn. Ciqobavasa da il. cercvaZis
varaudiT, Crdilouri xunZuris o xmovniani variantebisaTvis
samxrulis a xmovniani variantebi unda iKos amosavali: Gov <
av dov < dav.
Gav, dav anwuxurSi I klasisaTvis rom Ga gvaqvs, xolo
II klasisaTvis Ge, es fonetikuri cvlilebiT aris gamowveuli,
kerZod, difTongTa gamartivebis Sedegia, rac samxrul xunZur
dialeqtebSi gavrcelebuli movlenaa (S. miqailovi, arn. Ciqo-
bava, il. cercvaZe... ): Ga < Gav (aa < av),
av Ge < Ga (e
e < a).
mTavari ki is aris, rom Crdilouri xunZuris CvenebiTi
nacvalsaxeli Gov, ov romelic fonetikurad kanonzomierad See-
satKviseba anwuxuris Ga piris nacvalsaxels, amave dros mkveT-
rad gamoirCeva ukanasknelisagan funqciur-semantikuri Tval-
sazrisiT: Crdilouri xunZuris Gov (I kl.), Go (II kl.), Gob
(III kl.), Gol (mr.r.) nacvalsaxelebi miuTiTeben dabal adgi-
las mKof pirze an saganze, mag., gorakze mdgomi gorakis Ziras
mKofis Sesaxeb ambobs: Gov `is, vinc dabla imKofeba (p. usla-
ri, arn. Ciqobava, il. cercvaZe...); anwuxurSi ki Ga (I kl.), Ge
(II kl.), Gab (III kl.), Gal (mr. r.) III piris nacvalsaxelebad
gamoiKenebian da sivrcesTan mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT neitra-
lurni arian. aGsaniSnavia, rom saliteraturo xunZurSi adre
Kofila mcdeloba III piris nacvalsaxelebad zogadi mniSvnelo-
biT (sivrcisagan ganKenebulad) swored Gov, ov Go, Gob,ob Gol
formaTa SemoGebisa, magram amas Sedegi ar mohKolia.
III piris nacvalsaxelebi anwuxurSi Taviseburebas avlenen
brunebis drosac:
G-a (I kl.)
G- G-e (II kl.) G-ab (III kl.) G-al (mr.r.)
erg. G-a-s´ erg. G-a-lÀ´ erg. G-a-z
8 9
magram sxva brunvebSi gveqneba aseTi saxis formebi:
naT. us
us´´-u-l naT. u-lÀ´-
À´-u-l naT. u-z-u-l
mic. u-s´-u-b-e mic. u-lÀ´-
À´-u-b-e mic. u-z-u-b-e
erTi da imave piris metKvelebaSi paralelurad SeiZleba
Segvxvdes gansxvavebuli formebi, mag., u-s´-u-l // G-a-s´-u-l
`misi~ da a.S. : yad us´ul (//Gas´ul) roK KaGri `cecxlma misi
saxli dawva~. orivenairad SeiZlebao. saerTod, unda iTqvas,
rom sof. Tivis anwuxur metKvelebaSi iSviaTi ar aris parale-
lurad xmareba erTi da imave sitKvis ramdenadme gansxvavebuli
variantebisa, xolo es viTareba ver aixsneba martooden Sida
procesebis gavleniT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom xunZebi TivSi
anwuxis Temis sxvadasxva soflebidan arian Camosaxlebulni da,
Sesabamisad, adgili aqvs sxvadasxva TqmebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
fonetikur, morfologiur Tu leqsikur movlenaTa Serevas,
rac Tavs iCens xolme idioleqtis donezec, paralelur for-
maTa arsebobis saxiT.
aqve aGvniSnav sxva nacvalsaxelur formaTa Taviseburebe-
bis Sesaxebac.
sof. Tivis metKelebaSi kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli s´i-b
(`ra~) arc Tu iSviaTad SeiZleba ixmarebodes III klasis -b su-
fiqsis gareSe, mag., s´i dulÀ biS? `ra Tqvi?~, s´i du bat¾mon?
`ra ginda?~, s¾i jo hab? `ra aris es?~ da sxva.
dasturdeba ganusazGvrel nacvalsaxelTa erTob Tavise-
buri kompozituri formebi: so„ so„agiCi
agiCi // so„
so„aCi `vinme~,
so„agij
so„ agijo // so„
so„ajo `rame~. magaliTebi:
so„aCi s´olvons´ lÀ´ax? `vinme movida aq?~, bosun
so„ajo! `aiGe rame!~...
saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis aseTi formebi ucxoa.
am formebSi warmodgenilia ricxviTi saxeli so `er-
Ti~(yadaqolouri warmoTqmiT: So). So -„agi-
agi- // -„a- elementi,
romlis warmomavlobac gaurkvevelia, rogorc Cans, ganu-
sazGvrelobis mniSvnelobas unda sZendes sitKvas. sitKva so- so-
„agi (anda So-„agi yadaqolouri warmoTqmiT) gvxvdeba agreT-
ve Sedgenil zmnisarTSi so„ so„agi mex´
mex´ (yad. So„So„agi mex´
mex´)
`odesGac~ (mex
mex´ `dro~).
mex´
zmnis uarKofiT formebTan eseni uarKofiTi nacvalsaxe-
lis mniSvnelobas iZenen: dida so„agiCi vex½eyu `me veravin vna-
xe~, t¾ogulo heb tex½ so„iCis´x `ar misce es wigni aravis!~,
dida so„ajo biwboh>naru `me araferi mesmis~...
am formaTa daboloebebSi sul iolad gamoiKofa sitKvebi
Ci `kaci, adamiani~ (so„agi-Ci) da jo `nivTi, sagani~ (so„agi-jo).
gvxvdeba amgvaradve Sedgenili kidev erTi ganusazGvreli
nacvalsaxeli, romelic ufro konkretuli mniSvnelobiT
gamoiKeneba da. ase vTqvaT, `vinme qals~ gulisxmobs: so- so-„a-
„adam `qali vinme~ („adam `qali~): so„ai„adamalÀ´ huburis´ hab
h>alti? `vinmem (igulisxmeba qali) gaakeTa es saqme?~ da sxva.
diana anfimiadi
TanxmovanTa vokalizaciis Sesaxeb
qarTul musikalur enaSi
musikaluri ena, iseve rogorc sametKvelo ena, niSanTa
sistemas warmoadgens da aGmiSvnelisa da aGsaniSnis urTier-
TmimarTebis principebs eqvemdebareba,
am SemTxvevaSi aGsaniSns warmoadgens musikaluri frazis,
Tu mTliani nawarmoebis melodiuri arsi _ melodikuri
struqtura, xolo misi konkretuli ganxorcieleba konkretu-
li harmoniis gamoKenebiT, aGmniSvneli iqneba.
Koveli musikaluri ena myidro kavSirSia sametKvelo
enasTan.
sametKvelo enis vokaluroba Tu konsonantizmi, ritmi,
melodikuri struqtura, metKvelebis tempi, mniSvnelovan ga-
10
vlenas axdens musikalur enaze, metic, gavlena xorcieldeba
dialeqtur donezec.
es gavlena ufro TvalSi sacemia Tu saqme gvaqvs voka-
lur musikasTan anu iseT musikalur fenomenTan, romelic
teqstisa (enobrivi narativis) da musikaluri frazis kombina-
ciis Sedegad iqmneba.
aseT SemTxvevaSi urTierTgavlena ufro cxadi da advi-
lad dasanaxia.
qarTul xalxur simGerebsa da saeklesio sagaloblebSi
Tanxmovnebs vokalizaciisa da calke musikaluri marcvlis
Seqmnis unari aqvT:
Tanxmovans erTvis e.w. naxevarxmovani, Sedegad warmoiqmne-
ba damoukidebeli musikaluri marcvali.
is faqti, rom Kvelaze xSirad aseTi unariT sonorebi
gamoirCevian, gvavaraudebinebs, rom aqac iseTive principi mo-
qmedebs, rogorc saerToqarTvelur enaSi, sadac, samecniero
literaturaSi arsebuli Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisad, sonantebs
xmovnis funqcia da marcvlis Seqmnis unari hqondaT.
aseTi fonetikuri movlena dasturdeba, rogorc qarTul
xalxur simGerebsa da glosolaliebSi, agreTve qarTul li-
turgikaSi, kerZod galobaSi.
aGsaniSnavia, rom e.w. `gamSvenebul~ galobaSi, sadac mu-
sikaluri frazis gamdidreba zedmeti xmovnebis CarTvis xarJze
xdeba, Tanxmovnebi mainc calke musikalur marcvals qmnian.
es faqti, saerToqarTveluri movlenaa da qarTuli musi-
kaluri enis saintereso Taviseburebas warmoadgens.
11
a v T a n d i l a r a b u l i, l a l i b i n i a S v i l i,
lida soxaZe
saleqsikono statiis redaqtirebis ramdenime
aspeqtisaTvis (erTi zmnuri budis magaliTze)
magaliTze)
romelime leqsikuri erTeulis sruli saleqsikono ga-
formeba rom sitKvis formawarmoebiTi da semantikuri mimar-
Tebebis, misi funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebis kompleqsur,
mravalaspeqtur gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovs, es, zogadad, Kvela-
saTvis naTelia. magram ramdenad mravalwaxnagovania am aspeqt-
Ta urTierTgadakveTis SesaZleblobani, es mxolod konkretu-
li nimuSis saleqsikono `montajisas~ xdeba xelSesaxebi. aq, we-
sisamebr, Tavs iKris rogorc leqsikur-semantikuri sistemis,
ise gramatikuli paradigmatikisa da sintagmatikis sakvanZo
problemebi da, Cveulebrivi kvlevisagan gansxvavebiT, Tavad ana-
lizis, klasifikaciisa da kvalifikaciis procesi laboratori-
uli `sinTezuri reduqciis~ doneze rCeba...
am rigis zogi problemis warmosaCenad SeiZleba aviGoT
erTi zmnuri budis (`rbis~) statiebis redaqtirebis suraTi
qeglis II tomidan. ZiriTadi statia (Zveli redaqciisa):
garbi-s (mxolod nakvTTa awmyos wyebaSi) grduv. stat.
sirbiliT midis, _ mirbis. kato xarxariT garboda qvemoTken (n.
lom.). [patara biWuna] kisristexiT garboda (a. bel.). || gadat. swrafad
midis, miiwevs. _ saxlidan garbis. _ ZaRli Sin ar vargodao,
sanadirod garbodao (andaza). bevri SeSis damwveli malimal tyeSi
garbodao (andaza).
es statia, Tu ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ilustrirebuli
ar aris, ZiriTadad akmaKofilebs leqsikografiul moTxovnebs
(Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviGebT gramatikuli kvalifikaciis sa-
kiTxs). magram empiriuli monaceme- bis aGniSnuli ZiriTadi
aspeqtebiT sistematizaciam statiis sruliad axali redaqcia
moiTxova:
12
garbi-s grduv. 1. (mxolod nakvTTa awmyos wyebaSi) darbis; mi-
rbis. bevri SeSis damwveli malimal tyeSi garbodao (andaza). daTvi
ufro magra garbis Tu melas ufro grZeli kudi aqvs? (`forum. Gol.
ge~). aris erTi vai-uSvelebeli, garbian da gamorbian eqTnebi da eqimebi
(`karavi~). eCveneboda, rom ayvavebul dekianSi garbian isa da qali (g.
Cox.). bevri laparaki uyvarT, an kidev sul sadRac garbian da mainc ve-
rafers aswreben (`qarT. safix.~). figur. garbian, erTmaneTs eWidebian
gzispira balaxebi (r. inan.). 2. (iyen. gairbina, gaurbenia) sirbiliT
gaivlis raime monakveTs, gadis raime manZils. xSirs SemTxvevaSi
daTvi garbis kai did manZils daWrili (`Tbil. for.~). monawileni rig-
rigobiT akeTeben gadacemebs, ris Semdeg monawile garbis jgufis bolo-
mde marjvena mxridan da dgeba boloSi (`lem.~). ◊ dro (Tve, weliwa-
di) garbis dro swrafad midis. garboda dro da dRes Rame sdevda
(g. abaS.). weliwadic male garboda (T. natr.). 3. (ivs. gaiqca, gaqceu-
la) sirbiliT midis, _ mirbis (sadRac). kato xarxariT garboda
qvemoTken (n. lom.). orRobeSi... saxlidan perangis amara gamovardnili
biWuna garbis (g. maRul.). mama wamoxteboda loginidan, piris dasabanad
garboda (T. natr.). ◊ kisristexiT garbis Zalian swrafad mirbis.
[patara biWuna] kisristexiT garboda (a. bel.). rogorc ki ded-mama (=
dinozavri) sanadirod wavidoda, orive kisristexiT garboda Walisaken
(i. malac.). ◊ Tavqudmoglejili garbis igivea, rac k i s r i s -
t e x i T g a r b i s. Tavqudmoglejili garboda TviTon mTavarsarda-
li Sahverd sulTan ziad-oRli! (l. sanik.). xmaurs gavigebdiT da korpu-
sebidan Tavqudmoglejili gavrbodiT (`kv. palit.~). 4. gadat. saidanme
midis; (swrafad) tovebs, scildeba raime adgils. ZaRli Sin ar
vargodao, sanadirod garbodao (andaza). didi da patara foTisaken ga-
rboda (g. wereT.). Sen exla garbixar Cemgan (mem. abaS.). [sportsmenebi]
xaliCidan daoTxilni garbodnen (r. WeiSv.).
warmodgenili zmnuri saleqsikono erTeulis semantikur-
funqcionalurma analizma pirvel rigSi warmoaCina, rom zmnu-
ri forma ga rbi-s sami sxvadasxva paradigmis wevria (resp. sawKi-
garbi
rbi
si erTeulia). pirveli nakluli paradigmaa, xolo ori danar-
Ceni, semantikuri SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, orgvarad
aris Canacvlebuli (Sevsebuli) sxva fuZiT _ imave Ziris mas-
daris fuZiT (rben rbin da supleturi fuZiT (qcev
rben-/rbin
rben rbin-) qcev-).
qcev pir-
vel paradigmas ganamtkicebs amave Ziris Semdegi fuZeebi: rbi-s,
rbi
13
darbi
darbi-s
rbi (mxolod nakvTTa awmKos wKebaSi); meores: gadarbi
gadarbi-s,
rbi savrcobi~...) + brunvis niSani, mag.: sax. rak _ erg. rek-e-c´a
rbi (gadairbin-a...); xolo mesames _ gaur
gadmorbi
gadmorbi-s gaurbi
urbi-s,
bi gamour
gamour-
ur- (ir. fuZ. rek-e-), mic. rek-e--e, naT. rek-e-l, sax. mow´ `mTvare~
bi (gaeqc-a...).
bi-s _ erg. mow´-ro-c´a (ir. fuZ. mow´-ro-), mic. mow´-ro-{}-e, naT.
mow´-ro-l da mr. sxv.
irib brunvaTa sawarmoebel sufiqsad Kvela xmovani
gamoiKeneba, Tumca -e- Zalian iSviaTad SeiniSneba. garda xmov-
niTi elementebisa, fuZis markerad gvxvdeba -VC, -CV struqtu-
nodar ardoteli
ris marcvlovani elementebi. amgvari elementebis brunvis ni-
SanTaTvis mikuTvneba [megreliZe 1940: 133; Tofuria 1987:
sabru
sabrune
brunebe
nebeli
beli saxe
saxelis
xelis fuZis
fuZis warmoe
warmoebisa
bisaTvis
saTvis
193] gaumarTlebelia, vinaidan xdeba sxvadasxva qronologiuri
xunZur
xunZur enaSi
enaSi
donis, sxvadasxva genezisisa da funqciis elementebis erTi mo-
rfologiuri afiqsisadmi daqvemdebareba. odindeli klasifika-
1. xunZur enaSi saxelTa brunebisas unda gairCes oTxi
torebi, romlebic reinterpretirdnen brunvis niSnebad,
saxis fuZe: a) bazisuri (resp. aramarkirebuli, wminda) fuZe,
mTlianad daicalnen klas-niSnis gagebisagan da e. w. Tanmxleb
romelic saxelobiTi brunvis formas etoleba; b) `irib~ brun-
xmovnebsac aGar Txouloben. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar aris au-
vaTa (resp. markirebuli) fuZe; g) mravlobiTi ricxvis bazisuri
cielebeli brunvis niSani iKos -VC (-CV) struqturisa, roca
fuZe; d) mravlobiTi ricxvis irib brunvaTa fuZe.
isini metwilad calTanxmovniania. garda amisa, ergativsa da
saxelobiTi brunvis mzamzareuli forma fuZed miiCneva
irib brunvebSi xmovniTi elementi ucvlelia, rac damatebiTi
imis gamo, rom nulovani morfemiT aris warmodgenili da or-
argumentia, rom am rigis xmovnebi (sax. Ked `kedeli~ _ erg.
fuZiani brunebisas saKrdeni odenobaa iribi fuZis sawarmoeb-
Kad-aa-c´a...) brunvis niSanTa kuTvnilebad ar miviCnioT.
lad, magaliTad: sax. baw `mgeli~ _ erg. baw-i baw i-c
c´a (ir. fuZ.
3. atributuli brunebis dros ergativsa da irib brun-
baw i-), sax. ic´
baw-i ic´ `wKaro~ _ erg. ic´ ic´-u
u-c
c´aa (ir. fuZ. ic´
ic´-uu-), sax.
vaTa fuZeSi daCndeba -s s´, -l
lÀ´ elementebi, romlebic win -aa-s
na `futkari~ _ erg. na-na -ii-c
c´a (ir. fuZ. na-
na -i
i-) da sxv.
dairTaven da sxvadasxva specialistTa mier gansxvavebulad
saxelobiTSi gvxvdeba rogorc TanxmovanfuZiani (metwi-
ganimartebian [ix. a. bokarevi 1949: 38; aleqseevi 1988: 13;
lad), ise xmovanfuZiani (naklebad) saxeli. masTan, xmovanfuZia-
Sdr. Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 218-220; isaevi 1987: 176...].
nad miCneuli saxelobiTSi mdgari zogi saxeli cveTis gamo Se-
Cveni azriT, amgvari elementebi, romelTa ekvivalentebi
iZleba TanxmovanfuZiani aGmoCndes (wa `cecxli~ _ erg. wad-u wad u-
(-S
S´, -l
lÀ´ saxiT) andiur enebSi gaxmovanebis gareSe arian warmo-
c´a _ ir. fuZ. wad-u
wad u-...).
dgenili, SeiZleba miviCnioT irib brunvaTa fuZiseul klasifi-
2. ergativisa da irib brunvaTa sawarmoebeli fuZis fo-
katorebad. istoriulad es klasifikatorebi, pirdapiri (wmin-
nematuri struqtura amgvaria: wminda fuZe (resp. saxelobiTis
da) fuZis klasifikatorebisagan gansxvavebiT, ergativsa da
forma)1 + fuZis formanti (`damakavSirebeli xmovani~, `fuZis
irib brunvebSi axdendnen saxelTa klasifikacias klas-katego-
riis mixedviT.
1
saxelobiTis forma da wminda (aramarkirebuli) fuZe gairCeva im
TvalsazrisiT, rom wminda fuZe fonetikurad SeiZleba modificirebuli iKos,
amas migvaniSnebs maTi distribucia: -s s´ gamoiKeneba I kl.
mag.: sax. qeren `mkerdi~ _ wminda fuZe qaran-, sax. zani `KorGani~ _ wminda saxelebTan, xolo -l lÀ´ ki _ II-III klasis saxelebTan. am for-
fuZe. zon- da a. S.

14 15
mantTa korelacia mkafiod aris gamoxatuli da maTi aGreva maze damKarebuli orfuZiani bruneba, aramed irib brunvaTa
ar xdeba (ra Tqma unda, Tu ar gvaqvs orazrovani saxelebi: ho- formantiT nawarmoeb fuZeze (…asas´-u-) (`fuZis orfuZianobaze~)
bol `stumari~, madohal `mezobeli~...). damKarebuli bruneba [gudava 1961: 347; Tofuria 1995: 87].
4. miaCniaT, rom -as as´, -al
as´ alÀ´ (mr. r. -az
alÀ´ az nacvalsaxeluri
az)
warmoSobis formantebia, romlebic ergatiuli brunvis niSne-
bad gvevlinebian [kikviZe 1961: 350-356; Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962:
218-220; gudava 1962: 266-271...].
Cveni azriT, I da II tipis brunebaSi, romelic atributive- diana axvlediani
bidan momdinareobs, -s s´ (I kl.) da -l
lÀ´ (II-III kl.) istoriulad ar
asrulebdnen ergativis niSnis funqcias. marTalia, es elemente- saTaurebisa da saxelwodebebis marTlweris Sesaxeb
bi ukavSirdebian CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebSi TavCenil ekvivalen-
tebs, magram maTgan ar unda momdinareobdnen. CvenebiT nacvalsa- mxatvrul nawarmoebTa saTaurebis, sxvadasxva saxelwode-
xelebSic, rogorc msazGvrelebSi, imave funqcias asrulebdnen, baTa (filmis, jurnalis, gazeTis... fondis, organizaciis, par-
rasac zedsarTavebSi _ axdendnen saTanado saxelTa determina- tiis...) marTlweris sakiTxi qarTuli saliteraturo enis mo-
cias klas-kategoriis mixedviT. amdenad, substantivebsa da Cvene- sagvarebel (sayirboroto) sakiTxad rCeba. Cveni masalis mi-
biT nacvalsaxelebSi es elementebi saerTo odenobania. xedviT gansaxilvelia ZiriTadad Semdegi SesitKvebebi: _
rac Seexeba xmovniT elements, -a- saxelobiTis formidan msazGvreli da sazGvruli (saTauri an saxelwodeba). es Se-
unda iKos fuZes gadmoKolili, mag.: sax. lÀ´ik-aa-… `kargi~ _ erg. sitKvebebi SeiZleba or Jgufad daiKos. rodesac:
lÀ´ik-aa-s´ (<*lÀ´ik-aa-s´-u- < *lÀ´ikaa-s´-u-d, Sdr. Karax. ha-s´-u-d a) saTauri an saxelwodeba erTsitKviania, mag. leqsi `uk-
`maT~...). vdaveba~, gazeTi `rezonansi~, jurnali `ciskari~, filmi `mona-
metad saintereso Cvenebas iZleva bagvaluri enis ricxviT nieba~;
saxelTa bruneba, romelSic saxelis fuZe da irib brunvaTa b) saTauri an saxelwodeba orsitKviania, magram brune-
formanti -S S´u
u- erTmaneTisagan klas-kategoriis eqsponentiT aris badi, mag. moTxroba `oTaraanT qvrivi~, romani `JaKos xiznebi~,
gaTiSuli: sax. ce-… … (I kl.) _ erg. ce-… …-S´u-r (ir. fuZ. ce…S´u-). filmi `pirveli mercxali~ da sxv.
5. rac Seexeba mravlobiTis sabrunebel fuZes, substan- 2. Tu saTauris an saxelwodebis Semcveli SesitKveba or-
tivTa mravlobiToba specialuri niSnebiT (-abi abi -za
abi, bi -zal
zabi
zabi, zal,
zal ze metwevriani frazaa, an msazGvrel saxels axlavs Tavisi
-al
al -ul
al, ul -dul
ul, dul -bi
dul; bi -i
bi, i) gamoixateba, xolo atributul saxel- msazGvrelebi (atributuli an marTuli), maSin saTauri an sa-
Ta mravlobiTobas klasifikatorebi gadmoscemen. xelwodeba gankerZovdeba Tavisi msazGvrelisagan da viGebT
ergativisa da irib brunvaTa fuZe mravlobiTSic gansxva- gankerZoebul danarTs. aseT SemTxvevaSi rTuldeba da dazus-
vebulia saxelobiTisagan. irib fuZes ar gadahKveba -ul ul for- tebas moiTxovs saTaurisa da misi msazGvrelis erTad brune-
manti da auslautis xmovniTi elementi -i i. -al
al sufiqsi SeiZ- bis wesi. cxadia, aseTi msazGvrel-sazGvruli gahKveba danarTi-
leba sporadulad gadahKves irib fuZes (lÀim-al al `bavSvebi~ _ ani saxelebis brunebis wess.
erg. lÀim-alal-az...).
al sagazeTo an mxatvruli literaturis teqstebSi gvxvdeba
amrigad, xunZurSi gvaqvs ara ergativis mzamzareul for- samgvari SemTxveva:

16 17
 1. ibrunvis rogorc saTauri, ise misi msazGvrelic. rebul sistemad, aranakleb mniSvnelovnad, vidre fonemaTa sis-
oGond mniSvneloba aqvs imas TanxmovanfuZiania igi Tu xmovan- temaa. es aspeqti arsebiTia enaTa tipologiisaTvis.
fuZiani diaqroniuli fonotaqtika ikvlevs konsonanturi Jgufe-
2. aseTi SesitKvebebis bruneba ufro rTuldeba, Tu sa- bis sistemis evolucias, sistemis cvlilebis kanonzomierebebs
Tauri an saxelwodeba ubrunvelia. suraTi araerTgvarovania mTlianobaSi, adgens konstanturi da variaciuli elementebis
a) gvaqvs da kavSiriani SesitKveba (gazeTi `sitKva da sa- arsebobas. Tumca, Cveni azriT, ar SeiZleba mxolod am aspeq-
qme~, filmi `xareba da gogia~) tiT Semoifarglos fonotaqtikuri kvleva. Cveni kvleva warmo-
b) zmnuri SesitKveba (moTxroba `KbaCam daigviana~, filmi ebs sitKvis rogorc erTiani mTlianobis (romlis ganuKofel
`isini Camovidnen mTidan~) nawils warmoadgens fonetikuri struqtura) gagebis pozicii-
g) saTauri aris romelime sxva brunvaSi (leqsi `Cems das dan. am midgomiT SeiZleba ufro farTo gansazGvra mieces fo-
efemias~, `Kvarlis mTebs~) notaqtikas, rogorc fonetikuri mecnierebis nawils, romelic
3. miuxedavad imisa, rom saTauri brunebadia, igi rCeba Seiswavlis sitKvis fonetikur struqturas. am struqturis
ucvleli. ibruneba mxolod msazGvreli. saTauris ubrunvelo- kerZo SemTxvevas warmoadgens konsonanturi kompleqsebis Se-
ba Tanamedrove saliteraturo enis, gansakuTrebiT presisa da swavla sitKvis SemadgenlobaSi. vfiqrobT, rom fonotaqtika
televiziis enis damaxasiaTebeli tendenciaa. aris is xidi, ramelic aerTebs fonetikasa da fonologias.
TviTon saTaurebis brunebis wesis dadgenaSi gvexmareba arsebobs TanxmovanTa Jgufebis ama Tu im xarisxiT gamar-
saTaurebisa da saxelwodebebis agebuleba. tivebisa da garTulebis procesebi; gamartivebis nimuSebia:
laT. cor<cord, laT. lac<lact da sxv. garTulebis nimuSebia:
frang. chambre <laT. camera laT. homine > homne >esp. hombre
da sxv. konsonanturi Jgufis rogorc erTi
erTi mTlia nobis kvleva
mTlianobis
c i u r i a x v l e d i a n i varaudobs ori procsis kvlevas: konsonanturi Jgufis mutaci-
isas da konsonanturi Jgufis konservaciisas. miviCnevT, rom
konso
konsonan
sonantur
nantur JgufTa
JgufTa Se
Seswav
swavlis
swav lis princi
principe
cipebi
pebi konsonantur JgufTa istoria romanul enebSi unda gaanaliz-
(ro
roma
romanul
manul enaTa
enaTa masa
masala
salaze
laze)
ze des im Teoriuli poziciebidan, romlebic iTvaliswineben: 1)
konsonanturi Jgufis CarTvas fonologiur sistemaSi; 2) kon-
gabmul metKvelebaSi bgeraTa SeerTebis kanonebi didi sonanturi Jgufis CarTvas bgeriT cvlilebaTa sistemur pro-
xania ipKrobs lingvistTa KuradGebas. tradiciul fonetikaSi cesebSi; 3) konsonanturi Jgufis CarTvas sitKvis bgeriT
ganixileboda procesebi, romlebic xdeboda kontaqturad, struqturaSi. gamoTqmuli debulebebi konsonanturi Jgufebis
zogJer ki distanciurad ganlagebul bgerebs Soris; magram es kompleqsuri ganxilvis saSualebas iZleva, fonologiis, fone-
mxolod erT-erTi SesaZlebeli aspeqtTagania bgeriTi kompleq- tikisa da fonotaqtikis, anu erTiani fonetikuri mecnierebis
sebis analizisa. fonologiis gamoCenam ganapiroba meore aspeq- poziciebidan.
tic _ calkeul fonemaTa Jayvurad SeerTebis wesebis Seswav- bgeriT elementTa statikisa da dinamikis problematikis
la TiToeuli mocemuli enisaTvis. mesame aspeqti ki aris _ Seswavlam, fonotaqtikis CarCoebSi, moiTxova enaTmecnierebis
fonemaTa Jgufebis, kerZod Tanxmovnebis warmodgena gansakuT- am dargis kategorialuri aparatis Semdgomi damuSaveba; Semo-

18 19
vitaneT axali samecniero cnebebi, rogorebicaa fonotaqtiku-
ri potenciali, konsonanturi kompleqsebis elementTa pro-
duqtiulobis xarisxi maTi poziciisda mixedviT, saerTo fono-
taqtikuri fondi da sxva, rac afarToebs fonotaqtikuri Te-
oriis aqamde cnobil debulebebs da amasTanave xels uwKobs
fonotaqtikis Semdgom ganviTarebas.
cira baramiZe
kilos formobrivi da funqciuri datvirTva
da hipotaqsis CamoK
CamoKalibebis gzebi Tabasaranul enaSi
Tabasaranul enaSi modaluri kategoria kilo morfosin-
taqsur odenobad CamoKalibda. semantikuradac da sintaqsura-
dac aseTi winadadebis konstruqcia mogvagonebs standartul
qvewKobil winadadebas. erTi mxriv, kilos gamomxatveli zmnebi
srul morfologizacias ganicdian, Tumca, meore mxriv, inar-
Cuneben sintaqsur Tvisebebs.
cnobilia, rom Tabasaranul enaSi ar gvaqvs mimarTebiTi
nacvalsaxelebi, arc maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi ganviTarebula.
rTuli qvewKobili winadadeba Cveulebriv gadmoicema winada-
debebiT, romlebSic warmodgenilia mimGeobebi, absolutivebi,
infinitiuri, masdaruli da garemoebiTi formebi. magaliTad,
miznis garemoebiTi konstruqcia rom gadmoeca, gamoiKena: haz
ƒ´afiS _ zedmiwevniT, `ratom, Tu itKvi~ winadadebaSi igi as-
rulebs garemoebiTi winadadebis kavSiris rols da aGniSnavs
`imitom, rom~.
cxadia, hipotaqsi TabasaranulSi, iseve, rogorc daGes-
tnur enebSi, sazogadod, dgas CamoKalibebis rTul gzaze. am
procesSi gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs kilo, romelic Sei-
cavs aTeulobiT formebs, mimarTavs analizur warmoebas da
gadmogvcems sxvasxva modalur konstruqcias, zogJer gaurkveve-
20
li struqturiTac ki.
amgvari zmnuri formebis sruli aGwera Zalze Znelia,
gansakuTrebiT ki _ semantikuri aGwera. sirTules warmoad-
gens agreTve Kvela zmnuri formisa da konstruqciis inventa-
rizacia. zogierTi maTgani Zalian iSviaTad Tu gamoiKeneba da
SeiZleba mkvlevars mxedvelobidanac ki gamorCes, xolo zogis-
Tvis damaxasiaTebelia gramatikalizaciis umniSvnelo xarisxi.
amitom SeiZleba mniSvnelovan formadac ar CavTvaloT.
moxsenebaSi mocemulia cda, CamoKalibdes kilos uCveulo
struqturis Taviseburebani, am formebis semantikuri mraval-
ferovneba, moxdes funqciaTa gansazGvra, da bolos, gairkves
morfologiaSi Semavali sintaqsuri odenobis _ hipotaqsis
formirebis gzebi. kilos situaciis Semcvel winadadebaSi
gvaqvs marTvis Taviseburi modeli _ mTavari winadadebis
zmnasTan subieqti umetesad ergativSia, xolo situacia, rome-
lic kilos modalobas Seicavs, gadmoicema zmniT _ sitKva-
formiT da igi wina _ mTavari winadadebis zmnazea damokide-
buli. kilos situaciis gamomxatveli zmna ki SeiZleba iKos
rogorc erTvalentiani gardauvali, orvalentiani gardamavali
da, agreTve, datiuri konstruqciis mqone afeqturi zmna. da-
qvemdebarebul winadadebaSi, romelic KovelTvis damokidebu-
lia mTavar zmnaze, aqtantebis brunvaTa gaformeba sruladaa
SenarCunebuli.
nomadi barTaia
nestan-
nestan-dareJanis interpretaciasTan dakavSirebiT
dakavSirebiT
qarTuli werilobiTi Zeglebidan sakuTari saxeli nes- nes-
tan-
tan-dareJani pirvelad `vefxistKaosanSia~ dafiqsirebuli.
dareJa
reJani
am saxelis etimologiis Sesaxeb pirvelad Teimuraz bag-
rationma (1782_1846) gamoxata Tavisi mosazreba `wignni leq-
21
sikonnSi~ Semdegi saxiT: `ne neis tan-darJan
neistan
istan- darJan. nein _ lerwami. ne-
rJan nein ne- Tand. _ Si da Jan _ (← ‫ جھان‬/Jeh‰n
Jeh‰n/) _ qveyana. mTlianobaSi _
/Jeh‰n/)
isTan _ saunJe lerwamTa. darJan
isTan darJan sulsa Sina, anu sicocxlesa ‫( نست اندر جھان‬nesT
(nesT andar dar(e) Jeh‰n)
andar( Jeh‰n), romelsac mecnieri ase iaz-
Sina _ arabulad amas niSnavs Jan _ sicocxle, anu suli. dar rebs _ `ar ar aris qveKanaze
qveKanaze (msgav
msgavsi
msgavsi)~
si (`Нет в мире (подобной~)
_ ese sparsuli leqsi ars, romelica niSnavs Sina anu Tana-mi- da samives ganixilavs rogorc epiTetur saxelebs (n. mari
sTana. tan anu Tan tani kacisa; rom dahKo marcvlebad nestan tan-
nestan- 1964: 83).
reJan mravali sxvadasxva saxeli gamova. dara
dare
dareJan raJa xarisxic
daraJa tan-dare
nestan
nestan- dareJaJanis irgvliv arsebuli samecniero litera-
reJanis
aris. dararaJa mxmilavic aris, ese igi yarauli~ (T. bagrationi
daraJa tura axali masalebiT gaamdidra aleqsandre yuluxaZem. man
1979). moiKvana metad mniSvnelovani magaliTi arabuli wKarodan _
amave leqsikonSi calkea ganmartebuli nas- nas-tan-
tan-Jar-
Jar-i amgva- emad ed-din isfahanelis `selCukTa istoria~ (XIs.), sadac pir-
rad _ `ese sparsulis leqsiT rom ganimartos: nas anu nes _ dapir aris miTiTebuli, rom nesT andar andar(
dar(e) Jehanhan aris saku-
Jehan-i
nazi, qarTulad _ wKnari, Sesabamieri da anu wKnaris mSvenie- Tari saxeli: _ `masudis deda, qali Zvirfasi keTilSobili,
rebiT Semkobili, anu mSvenieri siwKnaris Tvisebisa. tan aris saxelad ‫( نيست اندر جھان‬nisT nisT andar
andar(
dar(e) Jehan
Jehan)-i
han iKo~ (a. yuluxaZe
sparsulad Tan _ ese igi morfi morfi anu nakvTi kvTi. Jar _ keTilwesi-
nakvTi. 2008: 217).
erebiT gankarguli, anu ganmSvenierebuli. miTiTebulia, rom davubrundeT isev niko mars, romlis interpretaciiT
naxon nestan
tan-dare
nestan- dareJa
reJani
Jani.
ni ‫( نست اندر جھان‬nesT
nesT an andar
dar((e) Je
dar han))-is mniSvnelobaa _ ar aris
Jehan
han
aq saKuradGebo mxolod problemiT dainteresebaa da
qveKanaze
qveKanaze (msgav
msgavsi
msgavsi).
si
ara misi mecnieruli analizi. Cven araferi gvaqvs sakamaTo am axsnasTan dakavSirebiT,
mecnierulad ki am sakiTxs pirvelad niko mari Seexo, mxolod davumatebdiT, rom _ ‫( نست اندر جھان‬nesT nesT anandar
dar((e) Je
dar Je--
romelmac erTi rigis warmomavlobis sakuTari saxelebi: se- se- han)-i SeiZleba Semdegi semantikuri datvirTvis matarebelic
han)
fedav
fedavle
davleda
ledaris
darispa ni, amiran
rispani
pani, amiranda
randare
dareJa
reJaniniZe da maTTan erTad nestan
JaniZe nestan-
tan- iKos _ ar aris amqveKana
qveKanaze anu _ araam
amqveKanaze qveKniuri da masSi ga-
araamqveKni
amqveKniu
dare
dareJaJani ase daSala da axsna:
reJani viazroT arama
aramate
teri
ria
materi a luri
lu ri samKaros mkvidris sakuTari saxe-
sefe
sefedav
fedavle
davleda
ledaris
darispa pani _ sef e davle
rispani davle dar ispan pan, sadac
ispan, lic.
sef ((← ‫ فیس‬/sa saф/ ) aris _ xma
sa li; e _ izafetis mawarmoebe-
xmali
li sakiTxs Tu am kuTxiT SevxedavT, saintereso Cans g. we-
li, dav
davlala (← ‫دوله‬ı //dav davla
dav la/) _ qveKana
la qveKana; dar ((← ‫ در‬/dar dar/) _
dar reTlis mier Sua aziis folklorSi dadasturebuli qalis sa-
Tand. _ Si) da is pan (← ‫ اصفھان‬//es
ispan es ah‰n// ) _ is
esфah‰n
ah‰n isfa
faha
fa ha ni. mTlia-
hani
ni kuTari saxeli _ `nes tar-Jehan
nestar
nestar- Jehan fari
farizo
rizoda da~ (g. wereTeli 1938:
zoda~
nobaSi _ ‫( فیس دوله‬sai saiф
sai e davla
davla dar esфahan ahan) _ saxel
es ahan) saxel-
xel- 1-2), sadac nestar
nestar- Jehar aris fonetikuri varianti nisT an-
tar-Jehar an-
mwifo
mwifo xmali
xmali isfa
isfahan
fahanSi
hanSi (Zli
Zlie
Zlieri,
ri mama
mamaci
maci...).
ci dar(
dar(e) Jeha
Jehani sa xolo fari
hanisa
nisa, farizozoda daiSleba ase _ fari
rizoda fari zoda da,
zoda,
amiran
amiranda
randare
dareJa niZe _ amir andar
reJani
JaniZe andar( Jan, sadac amir (←‫امير‬
dar(e) Jan, romelic sparsul-taJikurad niSnavs _ feriis anu arama aramate
mate-
te-
amir//) aris _ emi
/amir emiriri; an
ri dar((e) (←‫ اندر‬//an
andar
dar andar// ) _ Tand. _ Si
andar
dar ria luri arsebis asuls (‫ پری‬spars. .feri
rialuri ri, taJ. fari
feri, ri) _ fe-
fari) fe-
da Jan (← ‫ جھان‬Jeh‰nJeh‰n/) qveKana. mTlianobaSi _ ‫امير اندر جھان‬
/) _ qveKana ria ‫( زاده‬spars. z‰de,
ria, z‰de, ta/. zoda da _ ‫( زادن‬z‰dan
zoda) z‰dan) Soba
(z‰dan) Soba zmnis
(amir
amir anandar
dar((e) Je
dar han)) _ emi
Jehan
han emiri qveKnisa
ri qveKni sa (qveKnis
qveKnis memeTa
Tau
Ta ri, swo
uri swo-- namKo drois mimGeoba _ Sobili. taJikurad gamoiTqmis fari fari-
ri-
rupo
rupova
povari
vari,
ri mama
mamaci
maci...).
ci zoda (rubinCiki, 1983; taJikuri leqsikoni, 1969).
zoda
tan-dare
nestan
nestan- dareJa ni, sadac
reJani
Jani, nest _ (← /‫نيست‬// ‫ نست‬nesT amgvarad, SesaZlebelia, ‫( نست ) نيست( اندر جھان‬nesT nisT// an
nesT /nisT an--
/nisT /) niSnavs _ ar aris
nisT/) aris, an dar((e) _ ((← ‫ اندر‬//an
andar
dar andar
andar/)
dar /) aris dar(
dar(e) Jehanhan)-Si vigulisxmoT rogorc mate
Jehan) materi
teria
rialuri ri ise ara-
luri, ara-

22 23
mate
materi
teria luri samKaros mkvidris saxeli.
rialuri ing. qoTuq, ud. qûTik `mori~ (Sdr. azer. qotϋk mori)
tan-dare
nestan
nestan- Jani `vefxistKaosnis~ gavleniT, rogorc la-
dareJa
reJani kvlevis Sedegebi, TvalsaCinoebasTan erTad, warmodgeni-
mazi da ykviani qalis saxeli, Sesulia qarTul folklorSic lia moxsenebaSi.
(l. kotaSvili 1985: 35).
`vefxistKaosanSi~ nestan
tan-dare
nestan- Jani gvxvdeba Semoklebuli
dareJa
reJani
formiTac _ nestan Jari (S. rusTaveli 1966, str. 1549).
nestanJa
tanJari
aqve aGvniSnavT, rom qarTulSi nestan tan-dare
nestan-dareJan
reJan-idan
Jan
Tea buryulaZe
miGebulia ori sakuTari saxeli _ nestan tan da dare
nestan-i Jan-i. es
dareJan
reJan-
ukanaskneli `vefxistKaosanSi~ zogJer enacvleba kidec nestan tan-
nestan-
msazG
msazGvrel-
vrel-sazG
sazGvrulis adgilisaTvis
reJans (S. rusTaveli srt. 1549).
dare
dareJans
saSual qarTulSi

1. winadadebaSi gansazGvreba damokidebuli wevria. igi

KovelTvis eqvemdebareba sazGvruls da gadmoscems mis raime
niSans an Tvisebas. gansazGvrebis sintaqsur bunebas apirobebs
maia barixaSvili
sazGvrul sitKvasTan damokidebuleba. msazGvrel-sazGvrulis
adgili winadadebaSi sxvadasxvaa. samecniero literaturaSi
nases
nasesxe
sesxebi
xebi leqsi
leqsika
sika udi
udiur
ur enasa
enasa da aGniSnaven, rom Zvel qarTulSi prepoziciuli wKoba yarbobs
ingi
in gilo
gilour
lour dia
dialeqtSi
leqtSi
originalur ZeglebSi, postpoziciuri _ naTargmn ZeglebSi.
saukuneebis manZilze grZeldeboda qarTuli enis ingi- asevea Tanamedrove qarTulSic.
louri dialeqtisa da udiuri enis urTierToba azerbaiJanul 2. am TvalsazrisiT Znelia Tqma, Tu romeli wKoba yar-
enasTan. bobs saSuali qarTulis enaSi. werilobiT ZeglebSi iseTive
aGniSnul enasTan kontaqtma didi gavlena moaxdina ingi- xSiria postpoziciuri wKoba, rogorc prepoziciuli. rogorc
louri dialeqtisa da udiuri enis fonetikaze, morfologia- Cans, am drois literaturuli ena sintaqsuri urTierTobebis
ze, leqsikasa da sintaqsze. TvalsazrisiT ufro Tavisufalia. dGevandel samwerlobo ena-
moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia udiur da ingilour teqsteb- Si msazGvrel-sazGvrulis postpoziciuri wKoba umetesad poe-
Si moZiebuli saerTo leqsikuri erTeulebi. kerZod, arsebiTi ziaSi gamoiKeneba, saSual qarTulSi ki prozaSic xSiria.
saxelebi, romlebic ucvlelad an garkveuli fonetikuri cvli- 3. am periodis qarTulis werilobiT ZeglebSi intensi-
lebiT azerbaiJanuli enidan aris nasesxebi. aseTebia, magali- urad gvxvdeba msazGvrel-sazGvrulis e.w. gaTiSuli, distanci-
Tad: uri wKobac.: `ra kari kari gaiGo cixi sa moabads qali xelTa mi-
cixisa
xisa,
sca~ (visr., gv. 36); `Tuca visi
visi eseTi naxa nacar
nacarsa
carsa zeda
zeda mJ
mJdo-
do-
ing. biG, ud. biG `ulvaSi~ (Sdr. azer. biG - ulvaSi)
mi,
mi, pirda
pirdaxo
daxoy
xoyili,
li Tmadag
Tmadagle
dagleJ
leJili,
li nia
niadag mtira
mtirali li (visr., gv.
rali~
ing. elu _ micvalebuli, ud. el(muG) _ samSvinveli
44); `min dori erTi dagvxvda metad didi
mindo
mindori didi da uzomi mi (amiran-
uzomi~
(Sdr. azer. elu – micvalebuli)
dar., gv. 8); `sasaqonelsa hgvanda dama
saqonel
qonelsa lulsa naoxarsa Sigan vi-
damalul
maluls
ing. KuS _ Citi, ud. KuS _ arwivi (Sdr. azer. Kus_ Citi)
si...~ (visr., gv. 95); `ege Tqveni wesi
wesi aris saaZage
geli da mosa
Zageli mosaK
saKiv-
iv-

24 25
nebe
nebeli
beli...~
li (visr., gv. 18); `ganaxvna papa-mamurni saunJeni..., am- ukanasknelSi dil (`guli~) da arasTan (`damSveneba~) zmnis awmKo
cnebda, raTa orsa kecsa miscemdnen gaCe
orsa kecsa gaCeni
Cenili
nilisa sa (cx. mef.-
lisasa
sasa~ drois forma ara Seicnoba, xolo erTad dila lara `SeKvarebuls~
dilara
mef. Tam., gv. 396) niSnavs. amgvarad dilar(a)duxts, SesaZloa, dularduxti moeca.
aseTi sintaqsuri wKoba Zvelsa da axla qarTulSi iSviaTad dularduxtSi, iseve rogorc sxva am tipis saxelebSi, duxt mama-
gvxvdeba, araa damaxasiaTebeli aseve zepiri metKvelebisaTvis. sa- kacis saxelzea darTuli. am TvalsazrisiT is garemoebacaa aGsa-
Suali qarTulis ena ki amis Tavisufal saSualebas iZleva. niSnavi, rom saxel dilaras dGesac atareben mamakacebi iranSi.

elisabed gazdeliani
Salva gabeskiria

`vefxitKaos
vefxitKaosnis
fxitKaosnis~
nis~ ori anTro
anTropo
Troponi
ponimis
nimis warmomav
warmomavlo
mavlobi
lobisa
bisaTvis
saTvis mravlo
mravlobi
lobiTi
biTi ricxvis
ricxvis -u, -i’du sufiq
sufiqse
fiqsebis
sebis
(rosa
rosani
sani,
ni, dular
dulardux
larduxti
duxti)
ti) Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb svanur
svanurSi
nurSi

qarTulSi dadasturebuli islamamdeli periodis iranuli svanuri enis balszemour dialeqtSi mravlobiTi ricxvis
anTroponimebis Seswavlas, romelTa Soris moxsenebaSi warmo- mawarmoebel sxvadasxva niSanTa Soris gamoKofilia -u u da -
dgenili saxelebic aris, didi mniSvneloba aqvs iranuli ono- i’du sufiqsebi (T. SaraZeniZe).
mastikonis istoriis TvalsazrisiTac. -u
u mr. ricxvis niSani saxelebSi, sxva niSnebTan Sedare-
1. qaJeTis mefis Zis saxeli rosasani `naTlis~ aGmniSvnel
rosani biT iSviaTad ixmareba, magram met-naklebi sixSiriT dadastur-
iranul zedsarTavs unda ukavSirdebodes, romelic fonetiku- da Kvela dialeqtSi.
rad ufro axlosaa falaursa da klasikur sparsulSi cnobil -u
u mr. ricxvis niSnad daerTvis martivfuZian saxelebs:
rŒSan formaTan. misi gviandeli varianti rouSan rogorc ma- patron `patroni~ patron
patron ron u `patronebi~; naGal `naTesavi~
patron-u
makacis, aseve qalis saxeladØ cnobilia Tanamedrove iranul naGal u `naTesavebi~; merde
naGal-u merde `mKofi~ merde
rde u `mKofebi~.
merde-u
enebsa da aqedan Turquli modgmis xalxTa anTroponomikonSi. mr. ricxvis -u
u niSani ufro xSirad gvxvdeba zedsarTaveb-
`vefxitKaosanSi~ roSan
roSan-is
San nacvlad rosan
rosan formis povnie- sa da mimGeobebSi, romlebic bolokidur poziciaSi Seicaven -
reba Zvel qarTulSi piris saxelTa paraleluri formebis r, -l
l sonantebs winamavali sxvadasxva xmovniT. es elementebi
gamoKenebiT SeiZleba aixsnas. mag.: bibliis uZveles qarTul SeiZleba iKos:
TargmanSi damowmebuli mamakacis saxeli darieli, magram rus- a) fuZis kuTvnileba lˆr `cocxali~ lˆar-u
lˆar u `cocxle-
TvelTan tarieli. bi~; lˆdgr `micvalebuli~ lˆdgar-ulˆdgar u `micvalebulebi~;
2. qaJeTis mefis dis saxel dular
dularduxt
larduxt-Si
duxt analogiuri lˆfkŠl `qalbatoni~ lˆfkŠl-u
lˆfkŠl u `qalbatonebi~...
warmoebis anTroponimebis (guranduxti, miranduxti, sagduxti, b) mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani bz. di `deda~, dil-ar
dil ar-u
ar u
balenduxti da sxv.) msgavsad duxt (`qaliSvili~) gamoiKofa. kom- `dedebi~; qun `suli~ qun-r
qun r, ar u `sulebi~. bq. meCxfe
r qun-ar
qun ar-u meCxfe
pozitis pirvel nawilSi piris saxeli dilara (etimologiurad `gamxdari~, meCxf-ol
meCxf ol,
ol meCxf-olol u `gamxdrebi~ xoSa
meCxf ol-u xoSa `ufrosi~
`SeKvarebuli~, `momxiblavi~, `lamazi~) aris savaraudebeli. am xoS-el
xoS el, el u ufrosebi.
el xoS-el
xoS el-u

26 27
 g) mqoneblobis aGmniSvneli sufiqsebi: mafeS
mafeS `daGlilo- es mimarTebebi gansakuTrebiT mravalmxrivi da mniSvnelo-
ba~ mafS-’r
mafS ’r `daGlili~, mafS-‰r ‰r u `daGlilebi~; mid `SimSi-
mafS ‰r-u vani xdeba sasanelTa mmarTvelobis xanaSi (III-VII ss. Cv.w.). sasa-
li~ mid-’r
mid ’r `mSieri~, mid-‰r ‰r u `mSivrebi~; fuK… `CiKvi~
mid ‰r-u nuri iranis Grma gavlenam qarTul civilizaciaze saTanado
fuK… ‰r `CiKviani~, fuK…-‰r
fuK…-‰r ‰r u `CiKvianebi~...
fuK… ‰r-u asaxva hpova im drois (iseve rogorc gviandeli periodis) qar-
-u
u's dairTavs -
 daboloebis mqone zedsarTavi saxelebi Tul suliersa da materialur kulturaSi.
balszemourSi: ƒef-
ƒef  `kbenia~ ƒef-a
ƒef a-u
u `kbeniebi~, k…aCx-
k…aCx  koy- am TvalsazrisiT, metad mniSvnelovania sasanelTa imperi-
li k…aCx-a
k…aCx a-uu `koylebi~, gagd-
gagd  `Kbedi~ gagd-a
gagd a-u
u `Kbedebi~ zs. is oficialuri, religiuri da saliteraturo enis-saSualo
-u
u's gamoavlens -ian
ian sufiqsiani saxelebic: codr-in
codr in `codvi- sparsulis fenomeni saqarTveloSi (ix. J.Gippert, Zum Status des
li~ codr-ian ian u `codvilebi~; pilwin
codr ian-u pilwin `bilwi~ pilw-ian
pilw ian-u
ian u Mittelpersischen im südlich Kaukasus, Proceedings of the conference “Bilin-
`bilwebi~. gualism in Iranian Cultures”, Bamberg 1992).
balszemourSi arsebuli Zalian iSviaTad xmarebuli mr. qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi gamovlenilia saSualo
ricxvis -i’du
i’du niSani, qvemosvanur dialeqtebSic dadasturda. sparsuli leqsikis mravalricxovani da mravalferovani nimuSe-
lSx. -iŠdu
iŠdu lnt. -ie
iedu formiT. oriode saxelTan balsqvemo-
iedu bi, romlebic SeTvisebuli iKo iranelebTan uSualo da inten-
urSi -eduedu variantic Segvxvda. bq. mˆkeT `mokeTe~, mˆkT-edu
mˆkT edu siuri kontaqtebis Sedegad, wignuri an zepiri gziT. maT sis-
`mokeTeebi~; lSx. naGal `naTesavi~ naGl-iŠdu
naGl iŠdu `naTesavebi~, temur gamokvlevas mieZGvna Jer m. andronikaSvilis monogra-
pil `napiri, tuCi~ pil-iŠdu
pil iŠdu `napirebi~; lnt. vezir
vezir `veziri~ fiis erT-erTi Tavi (`na narkve
rkveve
rkvevevi
ve iranul
vi ira nul--qar
nul qarTu
Tuli
Tu enobri
li enob rivi
ri vi
iedu `vezirebi~.
vezr-ie
vezr iedu urTi
ur Tier
Ti erTo
er Tobi
To bidan
bi dan~, 1966, gv. 279-417), xolo Semdeg _ i. giper-
samecniero literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom `Giad rCeba tis mTeli naSromi (Iranica Armeno-Iberica.Studien zu den iranischen
-u
u'si da -u u'Ti warmoebuli mravlobiTi ricxvis sakiTxi~ (T. Lehnwörtern im Armenischen und Georgischen, Wien, 1993).
saSualo sparsul-qarTuli enobrivi interferenciisa da
SaraZeniZe).
zogadad, iran-saqarTvelos kulturul-istoriul urTierTo-
vfiqrobT dasaSvebia -u u mr. ricxvis niSani davukavSiroT
baTa Grma kvlevisaTvis, arsebiTia iranuli onomastikis (sa-
igive mniSvnelobis mqone -i’du
i’du iŠdu sufiqss, romlis gamar-
i’du,
kuTriv toponimikis) safuZvliani Seswavla. Zvel qarTul agi-
tivebiT miviGeT -u u (iŠdu
iŠdu > i’du > edu > u).
ografiul Zeglebsa da qarTul istoriul wKaroebSi dastur-
deba saSualo sparsuli geografiuli terminebis saintereso
nimuSebi. zogierTi maTgani ganxiluli iKo m. andronikaSvilis
erT-erT adrindel publikaciaSi.
elene giunaSvili iranul enaTa istoriuli gramatikisa da dialeqtologi-
is, aseve qarTvelologiuri kvlevebis Tanamedrove done am sa-
saSualo sparsuli geografiuli terminologiis kiTxebis axleburi gaazrebisa da gansxvavebuli interpretaciis
kvlevis
kvlevis sakiTxebisaTvis qarTul wK
wKaroebSi saTanado safuZvels qmnis.
moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia ramdenime saSualo sparsuli
islamamdeli iranisa da qarTlis (iberiis) samefos isto- geografiuli terminis (rogoricaa, ar arSa
Sake
keTi
Ti,, gan
ganZa
Zaki
ki,, da
daru
ruban
ban--
Sa keTi Zaki ru ban
riul-kulturul urTierTobebs mravalsaukunovani tradicia di,, da
daririaala
lani
ni,, gur
gurge
geni
ni,, ial
ialbu
buzi sabas
basta
tani
di ri ni geni bu zi, sa basta ni) distribuciuli,
aqvs. semantikuri da istoriul-etimologiuri analizi.

28 29
giorgi gogolaSvili awmKos mniSvneloba rom aqvs zmniswinian formebs (aGwers
aGwers,
aGwers,
waradgens ... am SemTxvevaSi zmniswini aGar aris mKofadis ni-
waradgens...
gens...),
zmniswi
zmniswini
wini da dro-
dro-kilo
kiloTa
loTa siste
sistema
tema Sani? romeli mwkrivis formebia? alogikuri gveCveneba msJelo-
(ramdenime faqti da ramdenime kiTxva) ba: Tu zmniswiniani varianti drois mixedviT awmKoa, awmKos
mwkrivis formad unda miviCnioT, Tu momavali drois mniSvne-
*** loba aqvs, mKofadis mwkrivis formaao. aseTive kvalifikacia
akaki SaniZem gamoKo mKofadis wre, romelSic sami mwkrivi unda mieces maSin uzmniswino formebs, Tu mas erT SemTxvevaSi
Sevida (mKofadi, xolmeobiTi da mKofadis kavSirebiTi). mKofa- axlandeli drois gageba aqvs (zis da yams),
yams sxva SemTxvevaSi _
dis wris mwkrivebs awmKos wris mwkrivebisagan ZiriTadad momavali droisa (mova da yams
yams). ra gamovida:
zmniswini ganasxvavebs. mKofadis wris mwkrivTa niSnad am Se-
mTxvevaSi zmniswini cxaddeba. mKofadisa da awmKos SemTxvevaSi awmKos mwkrivi mKofadis mwkrivi
zmniswini (ZiriTadad) dros ganasxvavebs: aGwers aGwers
wer-s (awmKo dro) _
wer- da-wer-s (momavali dro).
da-wer- yams yams
ra funqcia akisria zmniswins sxva mwkrivTa dapirispirebi- es aGaraa morfologia...
sas?: ***
werd-a _
werd- da-
da-werd-
werd-a, dialeqtologiur literaturaSi saubaria mTis dialeteb-
de-s _
werde
werde- da- de-s... am SemTxvevebSi sxvaobs aspeq-
da-werde
werde- Si I xolmeobiTze (ake akeTeb
akeTebdis
Tebdis...).
dis Tu I seriaSi Tanamedrove qar-
ti; aspeqti ki ar aris `mwkrivis kategoria~. aseT SemTxvevaSi TulSi ori wrea, ratom ar gamoKofen or mwkrivs am dialeq-
an mwkrivTa SedgenilobaSi unda SevitanoT koreqtivi, an tebSi _ akeTeb
akeTebdis
Tebdis-
dis-gaa
gaakeTebdis zmniswinian da uzmniswino
keTebdis
Tebdis?
mwkrivis gansazGvraSi (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs a. SaniZis moZGvre- formaTa erTi mwkrivisanebad miCneva xom arGvevs sistemas?
ba)... ***
*** awmKo-mKofadis dapirispireba (wers _ dawers) Tu mwkriv-
Tu warmodgenil or wKvil mwkrivs Soris sxvaobas qmnis Ta dapirispirebaa morfologiurad da zmniswinia mwkrivis ni-
zmniswini, zustad iseTive sxvaobis mqone II da III seriis zmnis- Sani, ra xdeba saSuali gvaris zmnebSi? TamaSobs _ iTamaSebs,
winiani da uzmniswino formebi ratom ar aris damoukidebeli daraJobs _ udaraJebs, dgas _ idgeba, Girs _ eGireba da mi-
mwkrivebi? _ am kiTxvaze pasuxi ar Cans. sTanani morfologiurad erTi paradigmis wevrebi arian?
*** `mwkrivis niSnebad ra unda miviCnioT?
qmnis Tu ara problemas is, rom erTsa da imave zmnasTan ***
mKofadis wreSi gamoiKeneba ramdenime zmniswini? vTqvaT wer arsebuli moZGvrebebiT (a. SaniZe, arn. Ciqobava) awmKos mi-
zmnis `mKofadis `niSania~ a, aG, da, Ca, amo, gada, gamo, ga, marTeba mKofadTan iseTivea (mwkrivisa mwkrivTan), rogorc
gadmo, garda, mi, mo, Se, Semo, Camo, wa; Tes zmnisa gamo, gan, awmKosi uwKvetelTan (an I kavSirebiTTan) (erTi paradigmis
Se, da, Ca, mi, mo... es variantebi alomorfebia? _ ver vxedavT wevrebi arian):
logikas... Teb _ ga-
akeTeb
akeTeb-s Teb (Se
ga-akeTeb
akeTeb-s Se-
Se-akeTeb
akeTeb-
Teb-s, gada- Teb-s...);
gada-akeTeb
akeTeb-
*** Teb-d-a;
akeTeb
akeTeb-
Teb d-e-s.
akeTeb
akeTeb-d

30 31
 akeTebs
akeTebs,
Tebs, gaa
gaakeTebs
keTebs,
Tebs, Sea
SeakeTebs
keTebs,
Tebs, gadaakeTebs da misTanani
gadaakeTebs ganirCeva ara marto mravlobiT ricxvSi, aramed orobiT da sa-
iTvleba damoukidebel saleqsikono erTeulebad. akeTebs
akeTebs,
Tebs, ake-
ake- mobiT ricxvSic); meorec is, rom in/ex-is kategoria saxezea im
Tebda
Tebda, Tebdes _ ar iTvleba sxvadasxva saleqsikono erTe-
da, akeTeb
akeTebdes enebSi, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT ricxvis morfologiuri katego-
ulebad; ratom? Tu sxvadasxva saleqsikono erTeulebia, ratom ria (klimovi 1981:30). CvenTvis miuGebelia am debulebis dasa-
iTvleba erTi da imave zmnis sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad. buTebis orive argumenti.
*** gansxvavebul kategoriebad miiCneven in/ex-s da ricxvs sxva
ra mniSvnelobasac aniyebs zmniswini zmnas xolmeobiTsa Tu avtorebic: v. Tofuria (Tofuria 1967), a. oniani (oniani
mKofadis kavSirebiTSi, igive mniSvneloba aqvs mas saxelzmnur 1978: 96), d. meliqiSvili (meliqiSvili 1977).
formebSic. niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom zmniswini ar SeiZleba arn. Ciqobavas varaudiT in/ex-isa da mravlobiTobis kate-
CaiTvalos mwkrivis niSnad? goria erTia (Ciqobava 1946: 100). Cven viziarebT am mosazre-
Cveni azriT, Kvela kiTxvaze pasuxi erTia:: gadasa
gadasasin
sasinJia
sinJia bas.
mwkrivTa
mwkrivTa rao
raodeno
denobis
nobis saki
sakiTxi
kiTxi.
Txi. e. benvenists miaCnia, rom ar aris sakmarisi vuwodoT pir-
veli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis gansxvavebul formebs `inklu-
ziuri~ da eqskluziuri~. termini gulisxmobs `Tqven~ elemen-
tis CarTvas an gamoricxvas, magram `isini~ elementis mimarT
aGniSvna swored rom Sebrunebuli iqneboda, Tumca Znelia mo-
tariel gurgeniZe iZebnos ufro Sesaferisi terminio (benvenisti 1974: 267).
vfiqrobT, rom TavisTavad saintereso mosazrebaa, magram am Se-
zogi
zogi ram inklu
inkluziv
kluziv-
ziv-eqsklu
eqskluzi
skluzivis
zivis kate
katego
tegori
goriis
riis Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb mTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia orwevraelementebiani `inkluziuri~ da
`eqskuluziuri~ formebis miGeba. Tu benvenistis msJelobaSi
inkluziv-eqskluzivis kategoriis warmoSobis da ricxvis `Tqven~ da `isini~ elementebs CavanacvlebT Sesabamisad `Sen~
kategoriasTan misi mimarTebis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli Tvalsaz- da `is~ elementebiT, maSin orwevraelementebiani simravlis Se-
risebi arsebobs. mTxvevaSi benvenistis msJeloba ZalaSi darCeba, magram samwevra-
q. lomTaTiZe varaudobs, rom in/ex-is garCeva svanuri zmnis elementebiani simravlis SemTxvevaSi igi winaaGmdegobaSi mova
sistemaSi dakavSirebuli unda iKos saurTierTo kategorias- realur enobriv monacemebTan.
Tan (kerZod, mis saTanao SinaarsTan) (lomTaTiZe 1961:212). Jon laionzi SesaZleblad miiCnevs gamiJnos erTmaneTisagan
analogiuri mosazreba in/ex-is da saurTierTo kategoriebis `inkluziuri~ da `eqskluziuri~ xmareba meore piris mravlo-
mimarT zogadad gamoTqmuli aqvs p. forxhaimers (forxhaimeri biTi ricxvisa (avtorisave sitKvebiT, `inkluziuri~ vs. eqsklu-
1953: 132-135). ziuri terminebis ramdenadme gansxvavebuli azriT, vidre es
g. klimovi Tvlis, rom in/ex-is kategoria principulad gan- gvaqvs `pirveli piris mravlobiT ricxvTan~). `eqskluziuri~
sxvavdeba ricxvis kategoriisagan. am debulebas avtori ase asa- ganekuTvneba mxolod msmenels an msmenelebs, xolo `inkluziu-
buTebs: Jer erTi, in/ex-is kategoria axdens ricxvis kategoriis ri~ miemarTeba erTdroulad msmenels an msmenelebs sxva pir-
mimarT diferencirebul formaTa konkretizacias specialur Tan an pirebTan erTianobaSi (laionzi 1978: 293-4). aq sayiroa
planSi (es iqidan gamomdinareobs, rom in/ex-is kategoria imis dazusteba, rom es sxva piri (an pirebi) ar SeiZleba iKos

32 33
pirveli (anu, molaparake) piri, aramed mxolod mesame pirs (an aCnia, romlis arsebobis drosac `Cven~ tipis koleqtivi mola-
pirebs) SeuZlia mogvevlinos am rolSi. parakesTan an molaparakeebTan erTad gulisxmobs mas an maT,
n. sokolovskaiasTan gamoKenebulia termini `inkluziuri visac mimarTaven. mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgar pirvel pirs ewo-
Tqven~ (Sen & is)x≥2 (Tumca amis sapirispirod aqve ar gvxvdeba deba eqskluziuri im enebSi, sadac `Cven~ tipis nacvalsaxeliT
termini `eqskluziuri Tqven~). imave avtorTan gvxvdeba termi- aGniSnul pirTa JgufSi ar aris CarTuli mimarTvis adresati:
ni `superinkluziuri Cven~ (me & Sen & is)x≥3, romelsac upi- `Cven, Tqveni gamoklebiT~ (maruzo 1960: 122, 342).
rispirdeba terminebi `inkluziuri Cven~ (me & Sen)x≥2 da `eq- o. axmanova lingvistur terminTa leqsikonSi am termine-
bisTvis aseT gansazGvras gvTavazobs: inkluziuri piri aris
skluziuri Cven~ (me & is)x≥2 (sokolovskaia 1980: 92-94). x≥2
pirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis forma, romelic aGniSnavs
niSnavs, rom gvaqvs minimum orwevraelementebiani simravle, xo-
rogorc molaparakes (molaparakeebs), agreTve imaT, visac mi-
lo x≥3 niSnavs, rom gvaqvs minimum samwevraelementebiani sim-
marTaven. eqskluziuri piri aris pirveli piris mravlobiTi
ravle.
ricxvis iseTi formis gamoKeneba, romelic aGniSnavs mxolod
u. Ceifis gansazGvriT, meore piri aris erTi an ufro me-
molaparakeebs (e. i. gamoricxavs imaT, visac mimarTaven (axmano-
ti pirisagan Semdgari Jgufi, romelic, sul mcire, msmenels
va 1966: 220-1, 173).
mainc Seicavs, magram gamoricxavs molaparakes, xolo pirveli
am leqsikonebis avtorebi uSveben erTze meti molaparake
piri aris erTi an ufro meti pirisgan Semdgari Jgufi, rome-
piris (anu, molaparakeebis) arsebobas, rac miuGeblad migvaC-
lic Seicavs, sul mcire, molaparakes mainc. im enebisaTvis,
nia, vinaidan `normalur~ sametKvelo aqtSi erTze meti mola-
romlebSic pirveli piris mravlobiT ricxvSi ganirCeva inklu-
parake piris arseboba dauSvebelia. vfiqrobT, aman ganapiroba
ziuri da eqskluziuri formebi, u. Ceifi pirvel pirs ramde-
is, rom o. axmanova eqskluziur pirSi mxolod molaparakeebs
nadme gansxvavebulad gansazGvravs: pirveli piri aris erTi an
gulisxmobs! anda, molaparake (anu, pirvel) pirTan erTad ga-
ufro meti pirisgan Semdgari Jgufi, romelic, sul mcire, mo-
erTianebuli mesame piri (pirebi) ganixileba rogorc molapa-
laparakes mainc Seicavs, magram gamoricxavs msmenels. es TiT-
rake, rac dauSvebelia. orive avtoris mier inkluzivis gan-
qmis sarkiseburi anareklia meore piris gansazGvrisa, romelic
sazGvraSi ar rCeba adgili kombinaciebisaTvis, romlebSic pir-
zemoT iKo moKvanili. am tipis enebSi arsebobs damatebiTi se-
vel da meore pirTan SesaZlebelia mesame piric iKos gaerTia-
mantikuri erTeuli, romelsac u. Ceifi uwodebs inkluzivs da
nebuli.
mas ase gansazGvravs: inkluzivi aris ori an ufro meti piri-
a. SaniZe Semdegnairad ganmartavs am terminebs: `Cven~
sagan Semdgari Jgufi, romelic Seicavs, sul cota, molapara-
sitKvis gageba SeiZleba ornairi iKos: a) molaparake adamiani
kesa da msmenels mainc (Ceifi 1975: 315). avtori ar iZleva `eq-
amiT aGniSnavs Tavis Tavs da agreTve imas an imaT, visTanac sa-
skuluzivis~ gansazGvras, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mis mier
ubari aqvs. am SemTxvevaSi `Cven~ sitKva mniSvnelobiT igivea,
pirveli piris gansxvavebul gansazGvras, maSin gamodis, rom
rac `me da Sen~, an `me da Tqven~. es aris inkluziuri `Cven~.
pirveli piri da `eqskluzivi~ erTi da igivea, roca gvaqvs mi-
b) molaparake adamiani amiT aGniSnavs Tavis Tavsa da sxvas (an
nimum orwevraelementebiani simravle.
sxvebs) imis gamoklebiT (an imaT gamoklebiT), visac esaubreba.
lingvistur terminTa leqsikonSi j. maruzo am terminebs
am SemTxvevaSi `Cven~ sitKva mniSvnelobiT igivea, rac `me da
ase ganmartavs: inkluziuria mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgari pirve-
is~, an `me da isini~. es aris eqskluziuri `Cven~.
li piri, romelsac zog enaSi iseTi gansakuTrebuli forma ga-

34 35
 `inkluzivis~ a. SaniZiseul gansazGvraSi ar rCeba adgili
im kombinaciebisTvis, romlebSic pirvel da meore pirTan Se-
saZlebelia mesame piric iKos gaerTianebuli. amas adasturebs
`Tqven~ sitKvis gansazGvra imave avtorisa: `Tqven~ am sitKviT
molaparake adamiani Cveulebriv aGniSnavs or pirs an mets,
romelTac saubris dros Kvelas mimarTavs. TiToeuli maTga-
nisTvis cal-calke mimarTvisas `Sen~ sitKva unda ixmaros (Sa-
niZe 1973: 41-42). mogvianebiT a. SaniZe ganmartavs, rom inklu-
ziur formaSi CarTulia me-2 piri da amorTulia me-3, xolo
eqskluziurSi CarTulia me-3 piri da amorTulia me-2 (SaniZe
1976: 65).
r. asaTianis azriT inkluziv-eqskluzivis gramatikuli ka-
tegoriis arseboba imaze migvaniSnebs, rom gramatikulad gan-
sxvavebulia simravle, sadac mxolod komunikaciis aqtSi mona-
wile `metKveli~ _ `msmeneli~ (resp. I/II ) pirebi erTiandebian
(inkluzivi), im simravlisagan, sadac `metKvel~ pirTan erTad
gamoricxulia, ar erTiandeba msmeneli (II piri) (eqskluzivi)
(asaTiani 1994: 42). sitKva mxolod
lod romelic inkluzivis am
mxolod,
ganmartebaSia gamoKenebuli, gamoricxavs kombinaciebs, romleb-
Sic pirvel da meore pirTan SesaZlebelia mesame piric iKos
gaerTianebuli.
arn. Ciqobava ase ganmartavs am terminebs: Tu `Cven~ gamo-
ricxavs meore pirs, mas ewodeba eqsklu zivi (laTin. `gamori-
eqskluzi
skluzivi
cxviTi~), Tu meore pirs ar gamoricxavs, inklu kluzivs etKvian
inkluzivs
(`inkluzivi~ _ `CaricxviTi~). misive azriT `inkluziuri da
eqskuluziuri mravlobiTis arseboba kvlav im debulebas asa-
buTebs, rom mxolobiTidan mravlobiTze gadasvla gaSuamavle-
buli iKo konkretuli saxis mravlobiTebiT; am konkretizacii-
sagan Tavisufali mravlobiTi ganviTarebis Semdgomi safexuria
(Ciqobava 1939: 140).
i. melCukis azriT eqskluziurobis kategoria Sedgeba ori
gramemebisagan: eqskluzivi ∼ inkluzivi. gamoiKeneba mxolod I
(gacilebiT iSviaTad II) piris mimarT (magram ara mxolod mrav-
lobiT ricxvSi, rasac xSirad amtkiceben) (melCuki 1998: 204):
36
`me eqskluziuri~ = `ubralod me~;
`me inkluziuri~ = `me da Sen, da aravin sxva~;
`Cven eqskluziuri~ = `me da viGac sxva, magram ara
Sen/Tqven~;
`Cven inkluziuri~ = `me da Cven da Sen/Tqven~;
`Sen eqskluziuri~ = `ubralod Sen~;
`Sen inkluziuri~ = `Sen da is~;
`Tqven eqskluziuri~ = `Tqven, visac mivmarTav da aravin
sxva vinme~;
`Tqven inkluziuri~ = `Tqven da sxvebi~.
gansaxilvel sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli sakuTari mosazrebe-
bi ZiriTadad or naSromSi gvaqvs warmodgenili: (gurgeniZe
1984: 114-129), (gurgeniZe 1999: 16-20).
nino doliZe
guru
guruli
ruli dia
dialeqti
leqti sxvadas
sxvadasxva
dasxva janris
janris teqsteb
teqstebSi
stebSi
gurulebi arian `ena tkbil-moubareni, umetes wignis
sitKviT, mesxTa-ebr, aramed qarTulisave enisani da ara sxvisa~
(vaxuSti, `geografiuli aGwera saqarTveloisa~, gv.420). maSa-
sadame, gurulebi mesxebiviT saliteraturo eniT laparakoben
umetesado, _ brZanebda batoniSvili XVIII saukuneSi. ra xdeba
dGes?
teqstebis adrindeli publikaciebisa da Cven mier ozurge-
Tis raionSi Cawerili masalebis mixedviT, gurulebi sulac ar
laparakoben saliteraturo eniT, miT umetes mesxebiviT. Se-
darebiT mkvidrad amgvari qarTuli SemorCenilia saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva kuTxeebidan gavrcelebuli xalxuri simGerebisa da
locvebis enaSi, romelebic interdialeqturi xasiaTisaa.
37
 magaliTad: `Cven viKaviT samsamni Zmani
Zmani same
samebi
mebisa
bisa Zali
Zalisa
lisani
sani~
ni~ `awi vari, TaviT, spadu, Sterdi, verTa vacli,
(jGenti, 1936:218; teqsti Cawerilia CoxataurSi, sofel xidis- aubi, katoli, crici, rpoli, cric, zaperi, sva,
TavSi). dacva, Cama, Tisa , qezeplu, peru, aqlouni,mawi,
dGes arc zemo da arc qvemogurul cocxal metKvelebaSi SoSka, cexli, Kpezeni, paklaniko.~
nariani mravlobiTis formebi aGarsad ixmareba, magram (iqve, ,,moJadoebulis locva~).
leqsTwKobis arqiteqtonikam isini aqamde Semogvinaxa. bunebrivia, SemlocvelTa mcdeloba, rac SeiZleba bundo-
igive situaciaa emfatikur xmovnebTan dakavSirebiTac: vani KofiliKo teqsti misi magiurobis xarisxis asamaGleblad,
`nurc momyri Tmasa
Tmasa alisa sa, nurc momtex wivsa
alisasa
sasa, wivsa yiqi
yiqisasa (iq-
qisasa
sasa~ raTa Cveulebriv mokvdavTaTvis igi miuwvdomeli (gaugebari)
ve). gamxdariKo.
`ujmuris locvaSi~ iseTi saliteraturo qarTulia fiqsi- specialuri literaturidan karga xania cnobilia, rom
rebuli, rom saqarTvelos Kvela kuTxis warmomadgenels Se- xSirad Tanamedrove cocxali metKveleba ufro met siZveles
Surdeba: warmogvidgens, vidre ramdenime aTasi wlis mwerlobis mqone
`im dawKevlilma eSmakma ra saqme qna saZageli! enebi (niko mari). swored am debulebis ilustraciaa gurul
JoJoxeTi aaSena, ZnelaT mosabrunebeli~ (iqve, gv.186), dialeqtze Cawerili simGerebisa da Selocvebis ena.
magram Semdeg am striqonebs mosdevs guruli dialeqtis-
Tvis damaxasiaTebeli fonetikuri procesebis Semcvleli leq-
sika Tu gramatikuli formebi: `eso eso (anlauturi fonemis da-
kargva) qristem SuuT vala (xmovanTa sruli asimilacia), mec
SuuTva
uTvala
maqeT var mosas leli (v
mosasle
sasleli v Tanxmovnis dakargva inlautSi), ise Tamar vaSakiZe
gagixTi (< ga- xd-i, d Tanxmovnis daKrueba x-s momdevno
ga-g-i-xd-
poziciaSi) JoJoxeTs, aGar qondes (< h-qon- qon-d-e-s, iribi obieq- marti
martivi
tivi wina
winada
nadade
dadebis
debis sin
sintaq
taqsu
taqsuri
suri meqa
meqaniz
qanizmi
nizmisa
misaTvis
saTvis
turi piris h- prefiqsis ugulvebelKofa) safuZveli~ (iqve). Tana
Tanamed
namedro
medrove
rove qarTul
qarTulSi
TulSi
zogierTi locvis teqsti imdenad Zvelia, rom igi ucvle-
Tanamedrove qarTulSi martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri
lad gadadis saqarTvelos erTi kuTxidan meoreSi an erTi Ta-
meqanizmis axsna sayiroebs ori umTavresi sakiTxis analizs: a)
obidan-momdevno TaobebSi. aqa-iq Tu gamoCndeba adgilobrivi
rogor imarTvis zmna saxelebis (morfologiuri subieqtisa da
dialeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli morfonologiuri monacemebi:
morfologiuri obieqtebis) mier da b) rogor marTavs Tavad
`gulo, gulis alagas! gulo, ram SegaSina!
zmna masTan dakavSirebul saxelebs (mor- fologiur subieqtsa
gulo, dedam SegaSina! gulo, mamam SegaSina!
da morfologiur obieqtebs).
gulo, Sinaurma SegaSina! S…aGameze
aGameze Sege
SegeSi
geSina
Sina`
na
Tanamedrove qarTulSi (iseve rogorc ZvelSi) gamoiKofa
(iqve, `mavneblis locva~)
saxelisa da zmnis SesitKvebaTa eqvsi tipi: 1. relatiur-garda-
kidev ufro arqaulia iseTi teqstebi, sadac sruliad
mavalzmniani (roca zmnasTan dakavSirebulia sami saxeli: uSe-
uSe-
ucxoa ama Tu im leqsemis semantika Tanamedrove qarTvelisa-
nebs mama
mama Svils saxls...);
saxls 2. relatiur-gardamavalzmniani (ro-
Tvis, romlisTvisac SeiZleba mxolod erTi an ori sitKvis
ca zmnasTan dakavSirebulia ori saxeli: aSenebs
aSenebs kaci
kaci saxls
saxls...);
xls
mniSvneloba iKos gasagebi:
3. relatiur-medioaqtivzmniani (hpat
hpatro
hpatronobs
ronobs mama
mama Svils...);
Svils 4.

38 39
relatiur-gardauvalzmniani (ema emale
emaleba
leba Svili
Svili mamas
mamas...);
mas 5. abso- ma...),
ma xolo meeqvse SemTxvevaSi (ima imale
imaleba
leba kaci
kaci...)
ci zmna mxolod
lutur-medioaqtivzmniani (cxov cxovrobs
cxovrobs kaci kaci...)
ci da 6. absolu- erTi brunvis formiT (saxelobiTiT) marTavs masTan dakavSire-
tur-gardauvalzmniani (ima imale
imaleba
leba kaci kaci...).
ci eqvsive SemTxvevaSi bul morfologiur subieqts (I seria: imale imaleba
leba kaci
kaci...,
ci II seria:
zmna marTulia saxelebis mier pirSi da SeTanxmebulia maTTan dai
daimala
mala kaci
kaci...).
ci
ricxvis mixedviT (realurad an potenciurad). rac Seexeba zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba gamoiKos zmnis
zmnis mier saxelTa marTvas, am mxriv gansxvavebuli viTareba mier saxelTa marTvis ramdenime tipi: a) Zlie marTva (roca
Zlieri marTva
gvaqvs: pirvel SemTxvevaSi (uSe uSenebs
uSenebs mama mama Svils saxls...)
saxls zmna saxeli Tu saxelebi zmnisagan marTulia sxvadasxva brunvaSi
marTavs morfologiur subiqtsa da brunvacvalebad morfolo- dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT: aSenebs aSenebs kaci
kaci saxls,
saxls, aSena
aSena kac-
kac-
giur obieqts sxvadasxva brunvis formiT rogorc erTi seriis ma saxli
saxli...);
xli b) susti marTva (roca zmna sxvadasxva brunvis
susti marTva
farglebSi (I seria: MS _ saxelobiT brunvaSi, xolo MO _ formiT marTavs masTan dakavSirebul morfologiur subieqtsa
micemiTSi: uSenebs
uSenebs mama
mama saxls...),
saxls aseve _ dro-kiloTa Jgufe- da morfologiur obieqts, magram es ukanasknelni brunvas ar
bis mixedviT (Sdr. II seria: MS – moTxrobiTSi, MO _ saxelo- icvlian dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT: emale emaleba
leba Svili
Svili ma- ma-
biTSi: auSe
auSena
Sena mamam
mamam saxli
saxli...),
xli brunvaucvleli mor- fologiuri mas...,
mas dae
daemala
mala Svili
Svili mamas
mamas...);
mas g) nulsa
nulsafe
safexu
fexureb
xurebri
rebrivi
rivi marTva
marTva
obieqti ki Kvela SemTxvevaSi micemiTi brunvis formiT aris (roca zmnasTan dakavSirebuli morfologiuri subieqti saxe-
warmodgenili (I seria: uSenebs uSenebs Svils, Svils II seria: auSe auSena
Sena lobiTi brunvis formiT warmogvidgeba Kvela SemTxvevaSi (ima ima-
ima-
Svils...);
Svils meore SemTxvevaSi (aSe aSenebs
aSenebs kacikaci saxls...)
saxls zmna orive leba
leba kacikaci...,
ci dai
daimala
mala kaci
kaci...).
ci
saxels (morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur obieqts)
marTavs sxvadasxva brunvis formiT rogorc erTi seriis, ise
dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT (I seria: MS _saxelobiTSi, roman lolua
MO _ micemiTSi: aSe aSenebs kaci
nebs ka saxls; II seria: MS _ moTxro-
ci saxls
biTSi, MO _ saxelobiTSi: aSe aSena kacma
na kac ma sa xli...); mesame SemTxve-
saxli
xli alba
albanu
banuri
nuri leqci
leqcio
cionaris
naris amoki
amokiTxvi
kiTxvisa
TxvisaTvis
saTvis
vaSi (hpat
hpatro
hpatronobs
ronobs mama
mama Svils...)
Svils morfologiuri subieqti zmni- albanuri leqcionaris aGmoCena 1995 wlis noember-dekem-
sagan marTulia dro-kiloTa I seriis mwkrivebSi saxelobiTi briT TariGdeba. im droidan moKolebuli dGemde grZeldeba
brunvis formiT (hpat hpatro
hpatronobs
ronobs mamamama...),
ma xolo II seriis nakvTebSi muSaoba mis amokiTxvaze.
_ moTxrobiTiT (upat upatro
upatrona
rona mamam
mamam...),
mam morfologiuri obieqti 2003 wels gamoqveKnda z. aleqsiZis monografia `kavkasiis
ki Kvela SemTxvevaSi micemiTi brunvis formiT warmogvidgeba (I albaneTis damwerloba, ena da mwerloba~, romelic albanuri
seria: hpatro
hpatronobs
ronobs Svils...,
Svils II seria: upatro
upatrona Svils meoTxe
rona Svils); leqcionaris Sesaxeb winaswar SeniSvnebs Seicavs. avtori
SemTxvevaSi (ema
emale
emaleba
leba Svili
Svili mamas
mamas...)
mas zmna morfologiur subi- aGniSnavs: `dGeisaTvis met-naklebi sisruliT amokiTxulia al-
eqts mxolod saxelobiTi brunvis formiT marTavs (I seria: banuri `leqcionaris~ 40-mde sakiTxavis saTauri da identifi-
emale
emaleba
leba Svili
Svili...,
li II seria: dae
daemala
mala Svili
Svili...),
li xolo morfolo- cirebulia 14 sakiTxavi. TiToeuli sakiTxavidan JerJerobiT
giur obieqts _ micemiTiT (I seria: emale emaleba
leba Svils...,
Svils II seria: zustad dadgenilia mxolod ramdenime muxlis SesatKvisi qar-
dae
daemala
mala Svils...);
Svils mexuTe SemTxvevaSi (cxov cxovrobs
cxovrobs kaci kaci...)
ci mo- Tul, somxur, berZnul da sxva enebze~ (aleqsiZe 2003: 126).
rfologiuri subieqti zmnisagan marTulia dro-kiloTa Jgufe- am monografiis gamoqveKnebis Semdeg, albanuri leqciona-
bis mixedviT (I seria: cxovrobs
cxovrobs kaci kaci...,
ci II seria: icxovra
icxovra kac- kac- ris amokiTxvis saqmeSi CaerTvnen j._p. mae, i. giperti da v.

40 41
Sulce, Tumca aqve unda aGiniSnos, rom dGemde am sakiTxis Se- Sesworeba SevitaneT (N/Sin 55 sinas mTaze mdebare wm. ekateri-
saxeb raime xelSesaxebi Sedegi ar gamoqveKnebula. dGesdGeiso- nes monasterSi momxdari xanZris Sedegad [1975 w.] mTlianad
biT xelT gvaqvs mxolod aTamde sakiTxavis saTaurTa Targmani erT gaqvavebul masad iKo qceuli, ris gamoc am xelnawerSi
(aleqsiZe 2003: 132-133) da erTi amokiTxuli teqsti (II korin- qveda teqsti SedarebiT kargad moCans).
TelTa 11, $ 24-27; N/Sin 13, 76r- 77v – Sulce, "Toward a History of SeniS
SeniSvne bi albanuri teqsti ibeydeba xelnaweris mixedviT
niSvnebi
vnebi:
Udi", eleqtronuli versia, 2005). (teqsti TiTqmis uwKvetia, aGniSnulia qaragmebi da a. S.).
wliuri Temis (`albanuri da udiuri~) farglebSi davamu- bolo striqonSi Sesabamisi qarTuli sakiTxavis monakveTia
SaveT arsebuli albanuri masala. met-naklebi sisruliT amoki- warmodgenili.
Txulia albanuri leqcionaris sakiTxavTa Semdegi muxlebi: qveda xaziT _ marcvlisa an sitKvis faringalizacias
efeselTa 5, $ 25-28 (N/Sin 13, 28v- 27r); I korinTelTa 12, $ 28- aGvniSnavT, mag. huaxun.
29 (N/Sin 13, 26r- 31v); saqme mociqulTa 12, $ 1-2 (N/Sin 13, 56v- ( ) frCxilebiT _ grafemis daudgenel fonemur mniSvne-
57r); ebraelTa 11, $ 17-18 (N/Sin 13, 5r- 2v); maTe 17, $ 1-5 (N/Sin lobas.
13, 13v- 10r); ebraelTa 3, $ 1-5 (N/Sin 55, 23r- 16v). [ ] oTxkuTxedi frCxilebiT _ aGdgenil grafemebs (daqa-
aGsaniSnavia albanuri leqcionaris amokiTxvis sirTule. ragmebul sitKvebSi, waSlil monakveTebs... aseve, albanur leq-
safiqrebelia, rom igi ar aris Targmnili romelime enaze ar- cionarSi SeiniSneba erTgvari tendencia _ xmovnebi, gansakuT-
sebuli leqcionaridan, aramed Sedgenilia albanur enaze ukve rebiT afiqsebSi, xSirad ar aGiniSneba grafikulad. xmovnis na-
Seqmnili bibliis wignebis safuZvelze, anu identificirebuli kleboba zogJer aGniSnulia qaragmiT, xSirad ki _ara, mag.
teqstic ar warmoadgens zust Targmans sxva romelime enaze hepesowny
hefesun-[o] aGsareba-naT.).
arsebuli sakiTxavisa. sirTules qmnis isic, rom albanuri teq- ebra
ebrael
ra elTa
elTa 3, § 1-
1-5 (N/Sin 55, 23r- 16v)
)
sti dafarulia qarTuliT, amasTan erTad albanur-qarTuli yayoow-
-
-
nk-
-
-
-
owġoyb-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

palimfsestis TiTqmis Kvela furceli defeqturia. ao u [_] nq [_] uG-o b [_]
aGsaniSnavia, rom xelT gvaqvs sakmaod mcire moculobis ? ? ? ?_mr._naT. ?
albanuri masala, esaa: z. aleqsiZis mier gamoqveKnebuli alba- -ziarno, ganicadeT mociquli igi da mGvdelT moZGuari
nuri leqcionaris 7 nawKveti (daaxl. 500 sitKvis odenobisa _
hepesownybeSiksanysanhAwaxownhe

aleqsiZe 2003: 134-150), e. w. mingeCauris warwerebi (daaxl. 50
hefesun-[o] beS-i q[risto]s-an [esu]s-an huax-un h[ana-o]-ke
sitKva) da albanur-qarTuli palimfsestis is monakveTebi,
aGsare
aGsareba
reba_naT.
ba Cveni
Cveni_naT.
ni qriste
qriste_naT.
te ieso
ieso_naT.
so sarwmu
sarwmu-
rwmu-
romlis wakiTxva SesaZlebelia specialuri teqnologiebis
no rome
romelic
melic : subst.
gamoKenebis gareSe (500 sitKvas ar aGemateba).
aGsarebisa Cvenisa ieso (naT.) qristesi, romelic (subst.)
warmovadgenT erT-erT amokiTxul sakiTxavs _ ebraelTa 3,
sarwmuno
$ 1-5 (N/Sin 55, 23r- 16v). sakiTxavi identificirebulia z. aleq-
aGsarebisa Cuenisa, ieso qriste, romeli sarwmuno
siZis mier (aleqsiZe 2003: 149). samwuxarod, teqsti KovelTvis
baa
-
oyičEmowsEshaine

ar aris adeqvaturad gadmowerili. N/Sin 55, 23r – 16v furclis
ba-a [bixaGuG]-o iC-e muses ha(y)in-ke
fotosuraTze (aleqsiZe 2003: 150; moipoveba agreTve eleq-
tronuli versiac)
uSualo
dakvirvebis
Sedegad masSi aTiode Kofna
Kofna_awmK.
na GmerTi
GmerTi_naT.
rTi Tavi
Tavisi
visi_naT.
si mose
mose rogorc
rogorc:
gorc

42 43
kavS. boxo-xa hamos-tan-ke: po(‡?)e e-(c)ex bi-a han-a(c)
aris Tavisi GmerTisa, rogorc mose Sene
Seneba
neba_kategor.
ba vin_naT
vin : ganusazG. xolo
lo kreb : Koveli
xolo? Koveli
ars Semoqmedisa T‚sisa, viTarca igi moseca keTe
keTeba
Teba_namK.
ba rome
romeli
meli_abl.
li
lowśowosaoya:
iXogAxownabAw
ueyvelad Sendeba vinmesgan, xolo romlisgan Kovelive ga-
lu(s)u kos-a oa ixo-goxun abu keTda
Kvela
Kvela saxli
saxli_mic.
xli mi
isi aGm. : didi
didi.
di qona
qona_mimG.
na visganme. xolo romelman Kovelive aGaSena,
Kvela mis saxlsa. meti didebis mqone oenebġiava:
mowsEshAwaxownne


Kovelsa mas saxlsa missa. rameTu umravlessa didebasa oen-ke b[ixaJu]G-[e]n a-va: muses huax-un ne
ih
-
anaevamowsEsax
-
- isic : kavS. GmerTi
GmerTi_erg-instr.
rTi Kofna : mimG. mose
Kofna mose sarwmu
sarwmu-
rwmu-
ih[e]ana-ke va muses-ax[o(c)] no igi : nawevari
meTu : kavS. Kofna
rame
rameTu Kofna_awmKo.
na mose
mose_abl.
se isic GmerTiT arsebulia (mimG.). mose sarwmuno igia
rameTu aris moseze (abl). GmerTi ars. da moseca sarwmuno iKo
ese Girs iKo ufros moseca, lowśowosaoyanalbowha
-
ne


niowoanbi
-
ownef
lu(s)u kos-a oa nalbu ha(y)[i]n-ke

niu otan bit [-] une(ƒ) Kvela
Kvela saxli
saxli-mic.
xli misi
misi msaxu
msaxuri rogorc : kavS.
xuri rogorc
? ? ? ? Kvela mis (mic.) saxlsa, rogorc msaxuri
viTarca igi ufros Kovelsave saxlsa missa, viTarca msaxuri

hamaowneeosaxociXoyoowba- powyay
-
-
-
anaxos
fua [_] an-a-x ost [_]
alnen:


Tqma : mimG.? ? eg_mr.
eg ?
hama-tun ke ekos-axo(c) ixo--o ku-baal nen
Tqmuli? ? egeni? ?
eg_naT. ki saxli
saxli_abl.
xli neba : mimG. : subst. pati
Sene
Seneba pati-
ti-
mowamed TqmulTa maT.
vi?+Kof
vi Kofna
Kofna_mKof.
na is_erg-inst.
is
magis (Cv. nacv.) saxlzeve (abl.) ki mSenebels (sax.) pativi
a-bu `qona~, `Kola~- mimG. _ palimfsestis bu `qona~,
eqneba (zedmiw. iKos miT).
`Kola~, ud. bu `qona~, `Kola~ (kavkasiis albanurSi dadastu-
pativi aqun saxlisa mis maSenebelsa mas missa.
rebulia agreTve am zmnis arafaringalizebuli variantic _
cexosboXoXaanae
bu).
bu
(c)ex kos boxo-xa ana-ke a-va `Kofna~, `arseboba~ _ mimG. _ ud. baq-es/baq
baq baq-sun
baq `Kof-
Koveli
Koveli saxli
saxli Sene
Seneba
neba_kategor.
ba melic : kavS.
rome
romelic na~, `arseboba~ (va
va I gramatikuli klas-kategoriis formantia.
va-
Koveli saxli ueyvelad Sendeba, romelic safiqrebelia, Kofnisa da qona-Kolis aGmniSvneli zmnebi mxo-
rameTu Koveli saxli aGeSenis lod klas-kategoriis formantebiT ganirCevian _ va, va ba/bu
ba bu,
bu
boXoXahamosane:
"oTeecexbiyay- bu ix. wina _ a-bu
bu; bu).
bu
ana ke `romelic~ (`romeli~+~rom~; maqvemdebarebeli kav-
ana-ke
hanac

44 45
Siria) _ ud. mano mano (varT.) /ma manu (niJ.) `romeli~, palimfsestis
manu va `Kofna~ _ awmKo _ ud. baq-es/baq
baq baq-sun
baq `Kofna~, awmKo -aa
ke `rom~, Sdr. ud. ke-na ke /ge
ge-na
ge `ki~?. (safiqrebelia va<*va va a; va-
va va-a va I gramatikuli klas-kategoriis
ana x `egeni~? ane+ux
ana-x ane ux (mr.) _ palimfsestis ane `eg~, mr. - formantia. ix. a-vava).
va
ux.
ux iC e `Tavisi~-naT. _ ud. iCi `Tavisi~, iC `TviTon~, naT. -e
iC-e e.
e
ba a `Kofna~_awmKo _ ud. baq-es/baq
ba-a baq baq-sun
baq `Kofna~, awmKo -aa ixo -o
ixo- o `Seneba~-mimG. (namKos) _ ud. biK-es/biK
biK biK-esun
biK `Sene-
(safiqrebelia, ba_ ba III klas-kategoriis prefiqsia, ix. a-va va).
va ba~, namKos mimG. -ii/
 (-oo masubstantivebeli sufiqsi, Sdr. ud.
ba al `qona~_mKofadi. _ ud. baq-es/baq
ba-al baq baq-sun
baq `Kofna~ (udi- _oo).
urSi qona-Kolis aGmniSvneli zmna bu defeqturia, igi mxo- goxun `didi~_aGm. _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT
ixu-go
ixu goxun
lod awmKosa da namKo droebs awarmoebs, danarCen paradigmas (ixu
ixu safiqrebelia, damxmare sitKvaa, aGmatebiT xarisxs awar-
ixu-
ki baq-es baq sun zmnis dro-kiloebi avseben), mKofadi -al
baq es/baq
es baq-sun al.
al moebs; -un
un derivaciuli afiqsia, xSirad gamoKenebulia zedsar-
beS i `Cveni~_naT. _ ud. beS `Cveni~, naT. -i
beS-i i. Tavi saxelis mawarmoeblad, Sdr. igive funqciiT ud. -un un _
bi a `keTeba~_namKo _ ud. b-es/b
bi-a b-esun `keTeba~, namKo -aa warmoSobiT, naTesaobiTi brunvis formantia).
(bi
bi III gramatikuli klas-kategoriis formantia, Ziria , Sdr.
bi_ ih e]-ana
ih[e ana ke `rameTu~
ana-ke (`ra~ + `romelic~ < `romeli~ +
lezg. i i-z `keTeba~). `rom~; maqvemdebarebeli kavSiria) _ ud. e (varT)/ he (niJ)
[bi
bixa JuG o an [bi
bixaJuG]-o
xaJuG xoG o `GmerTi~ (> `Semoqmedi~)_naT.
bixoG
bixoG]-o `ra~, palimfsestis ana /ha hana `romeli~, ke `rom~).
hana
_ ud. bixa xaJuG / bixoG
bixaJuG bixoG `GmerTi~ (Pl.tantum), naT. -o o.
o ke `rom~ (maqvemdebarebeli kavSiria; Cveulebriv qarTuli
b[ixa Ju G-[e
ixaJu
ixaJu]G e]nn an b[ixo
ixo G-[e
ixo]G e]nn `GmerTi~_erg-instr. _ ud. nawilakebis -c c, -ki
ki funqciiTac ixmareba, Sdr. ud. -Te Te maqvem-
bixa
bixaJuG
xaJuG/ bixoG `GmerTi~ (Pl.tantum), erg. -en
JuG bixoG en (instrumentali- debarebeli kavSiris funqciebs) _ ud. kena gena `ki~ ? (maqvem-
kena/ge
na gena
sis funqciiTac ixmareba). debarebeli kavSiria)
xo xa `Seneba~_kategor. (naw-kavS.) (zedmiw. aSendeba
boxo
boxo-xa kos `saxli~ _ ud. koJ (varT)/koj koj (niJ) `saxli~, ix. e-kos
kos-
kos
uTuod, aucileblad, ueyvelad) _ ud. biK-es/biK biK biK-esun
biK `Seneba~, axo c)
axo(c
naw.-kavS. -Ka
Ka (bo
bo-
bo III gramatikuli klas-kategoriis formantia). kos a `saxli~-mic. _ ud. koJ (varT)/koj
kos-a koj (niJ) `saxli~, mic. -aa.
e-kos axo c) `saxli~_ abl. _ ud. koJ (varT) /koj
kos-axo
kos axo(c koj (niJ) ku `pativi~? _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT.
`saxli~, abl -oxo oxo (e e- safiqrebelia, qarTulis -ve ve nawilakis lu s)u
lu(s u `Kvela~ (gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli) _ dadgeni-
msgavs semantikas gamoxatavdes; ablativi am SemTxvevaSi Sedare- lia konteqstis mixedviT.
biT xarisxs gamoxatavs, Sdr. ud. me xod te xod- xod-axo qala-ne ses `mose~ _ berZ. Μωυσης, ebr./sir. muSe, qarT. mose,
muse
muses
`es xe im xeze
xeze (zedmiw. xisgan gan didia; samecniero literatura-
xisgan) somx. Մովսէս.
Si udiuris Sesaxeb miiCneoda, rom niJis dialeqtis forma koj ses-ax
muse
muses ax o(c
ax[o c)] `mose~_abl. _ berZ. Μωυσης, ebr./sir. mu-
dezafrikatizaciis Sedegad unda iKos miGebuli _ fanCviZe Se, qarT. mose, somx. Մովսէս, ud. abl. -oxooxo (ablativi am Se-
1974: 44; Talibovi 1980: 183 ... kavkasiis albanuris forma mTxvevaSi SedarebiT xarisxs gamoxatavs, ix. e-kos axo c)).
kos-axo
kos axo(c
kos sapirispiros amtkicebs). nalbu `msaxuri~ _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT (am
nal
e-(c
c)ex
ex `Koveli~ (gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli) _ dadgeni- sitKvaSi, Cveni azriT, unda gamoeKos _ bu, bu Sdr. ud. bu
lia konteqstis mixedviT (e e- savaraudod, qarTulis -ve ve nawi- `Kola~, `qona~).
lakis msgavs semantikas gamoxatavs). ne `is~, `igi~ (Cv. nacvalsaxelia, Cveulebriv nawevaris fun-

46 47
qciiTac gomoiKeneba. safiqrebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi meSveli barebeli kavSiria) _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT.
zmnis funqciasac asrulebs, Sdr. ud. III mx. piris formantis hefe sun o `aGsareba~ (zedmiw. ? + `Tqma~)_ naT. _ ud.
hefesun
fesun-o
_ne
ne funqciebs, mag., Gar-ne
ne `biyia~). f-es
es f-esun
es/f esun `Tqma~, naT. -o
o.
o
ne n `is~_erg.-instrument. (Cv. nacvalsaxelia) _ palim-
ne-n huaxun `sarwmuno~, `yeSmariti~ _ dadgenilia konteqstis
hua
fsestis ne `is~, `igi~, ud. erg. -enen (Cveulebriv instrumenta- mixedviT (-un
un derivaciuli afiqsia, xSirad gamoKenebulia zed-
lisis funqciiTac ixmareba), *ne ne en > ne-n
ne-en ne n. sarTavi saxelis mawarmoeblad, Sdr. igive funqciiT ud. -unun,
un
[esu
esu s-an
esu]s an `ieso~-naT. _ berZ. Ιησους, qarT. iesu/esu, warmoSobiT, naTesaobiTi brunvis formantia).
somx. Յիսուս, ud. naT. -un
un.
un
oen `is~ (III mx. piris nacvalsaxeli) _ ud. III mx. piris
formantia -ne
ne.
ne
nona mamiseiSvili
oen ke `isic~ (`igi~+~rom~; am SemTxvevaSi maqvemdebarebeli
oen-ke
kavSiris funqciiT ixmareba, rogorc udiuri mano no Te `igic~).
mano-Te
sizma
sizmari
mari da ocne
ocneba
neba fuZe
fuZeTa
ZeTa kavSi
kavSiri
Sirisa
risaTvis
saTvis qarTul
qarTulSi
TulSi
oa `misi~ (kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli; safiqrebelia, rom
oa
warmoSobiT o _ naTesaobiTi brunvis formanti unda iKos). sizmari fsiqologebis azriT, miCneulia Zilis gansaz-
po ‡?)e
po(‡ e `xolo~? _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT. Gvrul fazebSi fsiqikuri Sinaarsebisa da TvalsaCino warmo-
un `da~ (maerTebeli kavSiri) _ dadgenilia konteqstis mi- dgenebis halucinaciuri tipis mimdinareobad (e. aepli, r. bo-
xedviT. sardi, m. Srede...).
fua-
fua  `Tqma~_mimG? (namKos) _ ud. f-es/f f-esun `Tqma~, sifxizlis procesebidan Zili Kvelaze monaTesavea ocne-
namKos mimG. -i
i/
. bisa. orive SemTxvevaSi arsebiTia subieqtis pasiur mdgomareo-
q[risto s-an
risto
risto]s an `qriste~_naT. _ berZ. Χριστος, somx. baSi fantaziis Tavisufali moqmedeba. `am naTesaobas sizmrisas
Քրիստոս, ud. naT. -un un.
un ocnebasTan, rogorc Cans, xalxic amCnevs, radganac mTel rig
(c
c)ex
ex `Koveli~ (gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli) _ dadgeni- enebSi sizmars da ocnebas erTdaimave saxels uwodeben~ (r. na-
lia konteqstis mixedviT. TaZe).
ma tun `is~ (Cv. nacvalsaxeli)_naT. _ ud. naT. -tun
hama
hama-tun tun (-t
t Tanamedrove qarTuli enis monacemebi, am mxriv, TiTqos
gasubstantivebuli saxelebis brunebisas ixmareba). gansxvavdeba sxva enebisvagan, Tumca sakiTxis diaqroniuli gan-
hamos tan ke `vin~ (kiTx. nacvalsaxeli)_naT. + maq. kavS. _
hamos-tan
mos tan-ke xilva da qarTuli enis dialeqtTa analizi cxadKofs, rom
ud. naT. -tun
tun (-t t gasubstantivebuli saxelebis brunebisas ix- mari da ocne
sizma
sizmari neba fuZeebi arc qarTulSi warmoadgendnen
ocneba
mareba), kena gena `ki~ (maqvemdebarebeli kavSiria).
kena/ge
na gena gamonakliss da zogJer enacvlebodnen kidec erTmaneTs, risi
h[ana
ana-o]-ke
ana- ke `romelic~ (`romeli~ + ~rom~) Sdr. ana-ke
ana ke _ kvalic dGemde daCndeba dialeqtebSi.
dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT (-o o masubstantivebeli sufiq-
si, Sdr. ud. -o o).
han a(c) `romeli~_abl. _ ud. abl. _oxo
han-a oxo palimfsestis
oxo,
abl. o(c c)/aa(c
c).
ha y)in
ha(y in ke `rogorc~, `viTarc~ (`rogori~ + `rom~; maqvemde-
in-ke

48 49
ØÄÈÄÅÀÍ ÌÀÒÂÉÀÍÉ-ÓÖÁÀÒÉ
ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÉ×ÉÊÖÒÉ ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÄÁÉÓ À×ÉØÓÀÝÉÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ
ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÖÙËÄÁÀÛÉ “ÈÖÒÌÄÓ” ÂÀÂÄÁÉÓ ÏÈá ÌßÊÒÉÅÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÏ×ÄÍ: I
ÃÀ IIÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÓ ÐÉÒÅÄË ÓÄÒÉÀÛÉ ÃÀ ÍÀÌÚÏ ÓÒÖËÓÀ ÃÀ ÍÀÌÚÏ
ßÉÍÀÒÄßÀÒÓÖËÓ (ÒÄÆÖËÔÀÔÉÖÒÉ I ÃÀ II ) ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÓÄÒÉÀÛÉ.
ÐÉÒÅÄËÉ ÓÄÒÉÉÓ ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÄÁÉ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉÈÀÝ ÃÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÉÈÀÝ
ÓÐÄÝÉ×ÉÊÖÒÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ; I ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÀ ÛÄÃÂÄÁÀ ÀßÌÚÏÓ
ÓÀÆÄÃÀÏ, ÓÀÓáÅÉÓÏ ØÝÄÅÀ + -ÉÍ-À (ÁÆ., ØÅÓ.), -ÖÍ-À (ÁØ.)
ÓÖ×ÉØÓÄÁÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÃÀ ÉÈÀÒÂÌÍÄÁÀ ÖßÚÅÄÔÄËÉ+ÈÖÒÌÄ: á-ð-ÂÌ-ÉÍ-À /á-ð-
ÂÌ-ÖÍ-À “ÀÛÄÍÄÁÃÀ (ÆÄÃ), ÖÛÄÍÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”.
II ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉ ÀÙßÄÒÉÈÉÀ, ÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÓ ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓ-ÓÖ×ÉØÓÀÝÉÀ ÃÀ
ÌÄÛÅÄËÆÌÍÉÀÍÏÁÀ: Ëé-ÌÀ+(ÀßÌÚÏÓ ×ÖÞÄ+)-ÖÍ-Ä, ÉÈÀÒÂÌÍÄÁÀ
ÖßÚÅÄÔÄËÉ + ÈÖÒÌÄ: Ëé-Ì-ÂðÌ-ÉÍ {ËÉ}<Ëé-ÌÀ-ÂðÌ-ÉÍ {ËÉ} (ÁÆ.),
Ëé-Ì-ÂÄÌ-æÍ-Ä ËÉ|Ëé-Ì-ÂÄÌ-æÉÍ “ÀÛÄÍÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”.
ÅÍÄÁÉÈÉ ÂÅÀÒÉÓ ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÄÁÉ ÌáÏËÏà -íË/-ÏË ×ÏÒÌÀÍÔÉÈ
ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÃÄÁÉÀÍ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÜÀÄÒÈÅÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÓ ×ÖÞÄÓÀ ÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ
ÍÉÛÀÍÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ (Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ): á-ð/À-Â-íË-Í-À (*á-À-Â-íË-æÍ-À)(ÁÆ.),
á-ð-ÂÌ-ÏË-ÍÀ (ÁØ.) “ÀÛÄÍÃÄÁÏÃÀ (ÆÄÃ), ÖÛÄÍÃÄ-ÁÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”, Ëé-Ì-
ÂðÌ-ÏË-ÉÍ | Ëé-Ì-Â-íË-ÉÍ (ÁÆ.), Ëé-Ì-ÂÄÌ-ÏË-ÍÄ ËÉ | Ëé-Ì-ÂÄÌ-
ÏË-ÉÍ “ÛÄÍÃÄÁÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”.
II ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ Ëé-‘Ó Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ ÍÀÌÚÏÓ ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÉÓÄÖË
ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÈÀÍ ÀÉÂÉÅÄÁÓ. ÌÀ- ÃÀ -ÖÍ- À×ÉØÓÈÀ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÊÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÀÅÓ, ÒÏÌ
ÌÀÈÉ ×ÖÍØÝÉÀ ÓÀÒÊÅÄÅÉÀ.
ÒÀÃÂÀÍ ÖßÚÅÄÔËÏÁÀ “ÈÖÒÌÄÓÈÀÍ” ÄÒÈÀÃ II ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ
ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÀÒÓÉÀ, ÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÉÀ, ÖßÚÅÄÔËÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÃÀÌÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÄËÉ
ÐÄÒÌÀÍÓÉÖËÏÁÀ, ÃÉÍÀÌÉÊÖÒÏÁÀ (ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓÀ ÈÖ ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÉÓÀ!) ÀÌ
ÌßÊÒÉÅÉÛÉ ÂÒÀÌÀÔÉÊÖËÀÃÀÝ ÖÍÃÀ ÀÓÀáÖËÉÚÏ.
ÜÅÄÍÉ ÀÆÒÉÈ, ÊÉÈáÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÍÉÓ ØÅÄÛ ÃÀÒÜÄÍÉËÉ Ìé- (< ÌÀ-
)ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÖÒÉ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ, ÊÄÒÞÏà ÓÀÓÖÁÉÄØÔÏ
ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÉÓÀÀ. ÅÀÒÀÖÃÉÓ ÓÀ×ÖÞÅÄËÓ ÉÞËÄÅÀ ÆÏÂÉÄÒÈÉ ÀÓÐÄØÔÉ:
ÄÍÀÈÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÈÀ ÌÉÄÒ (Å.ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ, À.ÏÍÉÀÍÉ) ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÖËÉÀ
ÌÏÓÀÆÒÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÍÀÌÚÏÓ ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÉÓ Ìé- ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÈÀÍ
ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÀà ÌÏÍÀÝÅËÄÏÁÓ Ëé- ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ: Ìé-ÔÚðÁ|Ëé-ÔÚÁ-Ä
50
“ÛÄÌßÅÀÒÉ”, Ëé-ãðÁ | Ìé-ãðÁ “ÌÏáÀÒÛÖËÉ”... ÛÄÅÍÉÛÍÀÅÈ, ÒÏÌ
ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË ËÄØÓÄÌÄÁÛÉ ÍÉÖÀÍÓÖÒÉ ÓáÅÀÏÁÀ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÌÊÒÈÀËÀÃ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ
ÌÀÉÍÝ ÛÄÉÌÜÍÄÅÀ: ËéàÄ “ÂÀÌÏÝáÏÁÉËÉ (ÅÉÍÌÄÓ ÌÉÄÒ)” Ö×ÒÏÀ, Ìé-àÄ ÊÉ
“{ÂÀÌÏ}ÌÝáÅÀÒÉ”, Ëé-ÊÒÄ “ÂÀÙÄÁÖËÉ” _ Ìé-ÊðÒ “ÙÉÀ”, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÀÍ
ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÂÀÉÙÏ, ÀÍ ÓÀÄÒÈÏÃ ÀÒ ÜÀÍÓ, ÅÉÍ ÂÀÀÙÏ; Ëé-ÑÒ-Ä
“ÃÀÓÅÄËÄÁÖËÉ” _ Ìé-ÑÉÒ “ÓÅÄËÉ” (ÍÀÆÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÀÒÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÀ); Ëé-ãðÁ
|Ëé-ãÁÄ “ÌÏáÀÒÛÖËÉ” (ÉÓ ÒÀÝ ÊÏÍÊÒÄÔÖËÌÀ ÐÉÒÌÀ _ ÀÂÄÍÓÌÀ
ÌÏáÀÒÛÀ, ÈÀÅÀà ÊÉ ÐÀÝÉÄÍÓÉÀ) _ Ìé-ãðÁ “ÌÏáÀÒÛÖËÉ” (ÀÒÀÖÌÉ, ÉÓ
ÒÀÝ ÌÏÉáÀÒÛÀ ÈÀÅÀà ÀÍ ÉÌÐÄÒÓÏÍÀËÖÒÉ ÐÉÒÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ...”). ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË
À×ÉØÓÈÀ ÍÄÉÔÒÀËÉÆÀÝÉÀ ÂÅÉÀÍÃÄËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ.
Ì-‘ÉÀÍ ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÄÁÓ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉÝ ÉÓ ÆÌÍÄÁÉ ÛÄÄÓÀÁÀÌÄÁÀ, “ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ
ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÉ ÈÅÉÈÌÏØÌÄÃÉÀ, ÈÅÉÈÌÏÞÒÀÅÉÀ, ÌÉÓÉ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÀ
ÖÊÖÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÓÀÀ, ÖÊÖØÝÄÅÉÈÉÀ...” (Ã. ÌÄËÉØÉÛÅÉËÉ).
ÆÄÌÏÈ ÈØÌÖËÉÓ ÂÀÈÅÀËÉÓßÉÍÄÁÉÈ, Ìé- ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÀ II
ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÛÉ ÀØÔÖÀËÉÆÀÝÉÀ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ. ÀÌ ÌÏÓÀÆÒÄÁÉÓÈÅÉÓ
ÃÀÁÒÊÏËÄÁÀÓ ÀÒ ÖÍÃÀ ßÀÒÌÏÀÃÂÄÍÃÄÓ ÉÓ ×ÀØÔÉ, ÒÏÌ ÓÀÀÍÀËÉÆÏ
ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ ÚÅÄËÀ ÔÉÐÉÓ ÂÀÒÃÀÖÅÀË ÆÌÍÀÓÈÀÍ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ ( ÃÀ ÀÒÀ
áÌÏËÏà ÌÄÃÉÏÀØÔÉÅÄÁÈÀÍ), ÒÀÃÂÀÍÀÝ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ “ÀØÔÉÅÉÓ
ÊÏÍÅÄÒÓÉÖËÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÉÓ ÌØÏÍÄ ÆÌÍÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÐÀÓÉÅÀÃ
ÉßÏÃÄÁÉÀÍ, ÄÅÒÏÐÖËÉ ÐÀÓÉÅÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÃÄÁÉÀÍ ÉÌÉÈ, ÒÏÌ ÌÀÈÉ
ÂÒÀÌÀÔÉÊÖËÉ ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÉ (ÉÂÉÅÄ ÀØÔÉÅÉÓ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÏÁÉÄØÔÉ) áÛÉÒÀÃ
ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÀÂÄÍÓÉÀ ÃÀ ÀÒÀ ÐÀÝÉÄÍÓÉ” (Ã. ÌÄËÉØÉÛÅÉËÉ); ÀÍÀËÏÂÉÖÒÉ
ÓÉÔÖÀÝÉÀÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÝ: Ëé-Ì-ÃÀÂÒ-ÏË-ÉÍ “ÊÅÃÄÁÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”
×ÏÒÌÀÛÉ ÀÒÀÅÉÍ ÉÂÖËÉÓáÌÄÁÓ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÀÂÄÍÓÀà ÓáÅÀ ÐÉÒÓ ÃÀ ÈÖ
ÌÓÂÀÅÓÉ ÊÏÍÔÄØÓÔÉ ÌÀÉÍÝ ÛÄÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ, ÄÓ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÌÄÔÉÓÌÄÔÀÃ
áÄËÏÅÍÖÒÉ.
ÀÌÒÉÂÀÃ, Å×ÉØÒÏÁÈ, ÒÏÌ I ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÀÛÉ ÏÒÉ
ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÖÒÉ ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ ÌÏÍÀßÉËÄÏÁÓ: Ëé- _ ÍÀÌÚÏ ÃÒÏÉÓÀ,
ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÌÀÒÈËÀÝ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÃÒÏÆÄ ÌÉÖÈÉÈÄÁÓ (ÀØ ßÀÒÓÖËÉÓ
ÀÌÓÀáÅÄËÉ ÓáÅÀ À×ÉØÓÉ ÀÒÝÀ ÂÅÀØÅÓ) ÃÀ Ìé-, ÒÏÌËÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÀ,
ßÀÒÓÖËÛÉ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ (ÀÍ ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÉÓ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÉÓ) ÃÉÍÀÌÉÊÖÒÏÁÉÓ
ÐÄÒÌÀÍÓÉÖËÏÁÉÓ, ÌÏÁÉËÖÒÏÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀÓÈÀÍ ÄÒÈÀÃ,
ÀØÔÖÀËÉÆÀÝÉÀ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ. (ÛÃÒ. ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÓÄÒÉÉÓ ÍÀÌÚÏ ÓÒÖËÉÓ
×ÏÒÌÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÀÂÒÄÈÅÄ ÀÙßÄÒÉÈÉÀ: À-Ë-ÛÉá-Ä ËÉ (*ÀÍ-Ëé-ÛÉá-Ä
51
ËÉ) “ÃÀÌßÅÀÒÀ”, Ä-Ë-ÓÉÐ-Ä ËÉ (*ÄÓ-Ëé-ÓÉÐ-Ä ËÉ) “ÂÀÃÀØÝÄÖËÀ”; aGsaniSnisa da aGmniSvnelis urTierTmimarTebaSi saintere-
ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÅáÄÃÀÅÈ, Ìé- ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ ÀØ ÀÒ ×ÉÂÖÒÉÒÄÁÓ; ÀËÁÀÈ ÉÌÉÔÏÌ, soa aGmniSvnelis semantikuri agebuleba, misi leqsikuri sin-
ÒÏÌ ÄÓ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÓ ÊÉ ÀÒÀ, ÛÄÃÄÂÓ ÂÀÃÌÏÓÝÄÌÄÍ, ÀÌÉÔÏÌÀÝ tagmatika, enobrivi metafora.
ÌÀÀØÔÉÅÄÁÄË À×ÉØÓÓ ÀÒ ÓÀàÉÒÏÄÁÄÍ. cnobilia, rom enobriv erTobebs erTimeorisagan ganasxva-
ÓÀÀÍÀËÉÆÏ ÌßÊÒÉÅÄÁÉÓ -ÖÍ- ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ (á-À-ÌóÒ-ÉÍ-À (ÁÆ.), á-À-ÌÀÒ- vebs aGsaniSnsa da aGmniSvnels Soris sxvadasxvagvari midgoma.
ÖÍ-À (ÁØ.) “ÖÌÆÀÃÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”, Ëé-Ì-ÌÀÒ-ÉÍ {ËÉ} (< Ëé-Ìé-ÌÀÒ-æÉÍ sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxvagvaradaa asaxuli obieqturi si-
ËÉ) (ÁÆ.), Ëé-Ì-ÌÀÒ-æÍ-Ä ËÉ “ÀÌÆÀÃÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”, Ëé-Ì-ÌêÒ-ÏËÉÍ namdvile: sivrce, bunebis movlenebi, mcenareTa Tu cxovelTa
(<*Ëé-Ìé-ÌÀÒ-ÏË-æÉÍ) “ÌÆÀÃÃÄÁÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”), ÌÀÔÄÒÉÀËÖÒÀà samKaro.
ÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀ ÌÚÏ×Àà ÓÒÖËÉÓ (À-ÌêÒ-ÖÍ-É (ÁÆ.), É-ÌÀÒ-æÍ-É (ÁØ.) enis leqsikis ama Tu im ubanSi ukufenilia enobrivi er-
“ÀÌÆÀÃÄÁÃÄÓ ÉØÍÄÁÀ”; ÃÀ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈÉÓ (É-ÌÀÒ-æÍ-Éæ (ÁØ.) “ÒÏÌ Tobis Kofis sxvadasxvaoba, radgan Kofis sxvadasxvaoba gan-
ÄÌÆÀÃÄÁÉÍÀ”) ÃÀÁÏËÏÄÁÄÁÓ. sazGvravs swored im Taviseburebebs, romlebic sxvadasxva enis
ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË ÌßÊÒÉÅÈÀ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÈ ÂÀÃÌÏÝÄÌÖËÉÀ: 1. ßÀÒÓÖËÛÉ leqsikuri fondis Sinagan danawevrebaSi SeimCneva.
ÛÄÓÀÓÒÖËÄÁÄËÉ, ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖËÉ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÝÅÄËÉ, ÓÀÄàÅÏ, afxazuri enis ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondis soliduri na-
ÓÀÅÀÒÀÖÃÏ, ÖÍÀáÀÅÉ ÀÍ 2. ÀÓÄÅÄ ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖËÉ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÝÅÄËÉ, wili mwerTa aGmniSvnel saxelebs moicavs.
ÌÏÌÀÅÀËÛÉ ÛÄÓÀÓÒÖËÄÁÄËÉ, ÓÀÄàÅÏ, ÓÀÅÀÒÀÖÃÏ, ÃÀÖÓÀÁÖÈÄÁÄËÉ semantikuri TvalsazrisiT mwerTa leqsika SeiZleba daiKos
ÃÀ, ÈÀÅÉÓÈÀÅÀÃ, ÊÅËÀÅ ÖÍÀáÀÅÉ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÀ (ÛÃÒ. ØÀÒÈ. {ÒÏÌ} mfrinav da mxoxav, adamianisaTvis sargeblobis momtan, Tu es-
ÌÄÊÄÈÄÁÉÍÀ, {ÒÏÌ} ÂÀÌÀÊÄÈÄÁÉÍÀ). Tetikuri siamovnebis momgvrel, zianis mimKenebel mwerTa sa-
ÜÀÌÏÈÅËÉË ÌßÊÒÉÅÄÁÛÉ -ÖÍ- À×ÉØÓÉÓ ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÉÈÉ xelwodebebad.
ÀÒ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ. Å×ÉØÒÏÁÈ, ÉÂÉ ÀÒØÀÖËÉÀ ÃÀ ÌÏÌÃÉÍÀÒÄÏÁÓ ÏÃÄÍ struqturuli TvalsazrisiT cxovelTa leqsikaSi
ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ãÂÖ×ÄÁÉÓ ÀÒÓÄÁÏÁÉÓ ÃÒÏÉÃÀÍ. -ÖÍ-‘ÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÓ gamoiKofa sxvadasxva modelebi.
ÃÉ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÀÝÉÀ ÌßÊÒÉÅÈÀ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÌÏÂÅÉÀÍÄÁÉÈ ÖÍÃÀ ÌÏÌáÃÀÒÉÚÏ, • mfrinavi, adamianisaTvis sargeblobis momtania a-Sxa
ÈÖÌÝÀ ÚÅÄËÀ ÀÌ ×ÏÒÌÀÛÉ ÆÏÂÉ ÒÀÌ _ ÃÀÖÓÀÁÖÈÄÁËÏÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ `futkari~, am fuZisagan afxazurSi araerTi sitKvaa nawarmoe-
ÖÍÀáÀÏÁÉÓ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ _ ÃÙÄÓÀÝ ÓÀÄÒÈÏÀ. bi: a-Sxˆc `erTi futkari~, -c sufiqsi `calis~ aGmniSvnelia;
a-Sxar `muSa futkari~, SesaZloa -r am leqsemaSi iKos naSTi
sitKvisa ar `Jari~, anu `Jariskaci futkari~; a-Sxaw◦ Sxaw `gundi
futkrisa~, a-Sxaran
Sxaran `deda futkari~, sitKvis pirveli nawilia
nana mayavariani igive a-Sxa `futkari~, mas mosdevs mravlobiTi ricxvis kuT-
vnilebis r- prefiqsi da an `deda~ leqsema. sitKvasitKviT:
mwerTa
mwerTa afxazu
afxazuri
zuri saxel
saxelwo
xelwode
wodebe
debebis
bebis seman
semanti
mantikur
tikur-
kur-struqtu
struqtu-
tu- `futkari (maTi) deda~; aGsaniSnavia, rom sitKva a-Sxa `futka-
ruli
ruli anali
analizi
lizi ri~ mxolobiT ricxvSia, kuTvnilebis afiqsi ki mravlobiTisa
aqvs.
enis leqsikis semasiologiuri TvalsazrisiT Seswavla nˆh◦aa `futkris salocavi~, a-nHh◦ara `locva~, zedmi-
Sxa--nˆh
Sxa
upirvelesad iTvaliswinebs sitKvis mniSvnelobis daxasiaTebas, wevniT: `futkr(is) locva~, a-Sxˆmza
Sxˆmza// aSxˆmZa `ska~, aa--Sxag
Sxag◦ara
ara
misi semnatikuri struqturis aGweras sinqronul doneze. `safutkre~, ag◦ara `Gobe~, sitKvasitKviT: `futkris Gobe~.

52 53
ganxiluli, kompoziciis gziT Sedgenili saxelwodebebi afxa- nawilis mniSvnelobaa a-ha-
ha-ra `qsova~. a-
a-S´gS´
gS´kamsa
kamsa `yianyvela~,
zuri enis gramatikul normaTa dacviTaa nawarmoebi: sazGvru- sitKvis meore nawili kamsa<qamsa `banJgvliani~ zedsarTavia,
li win uswrebs msazGvrels. pirveli ki a-S´ˆS´
ˆS´ qarTuli * yiany fuZis bgeraTfardi saxe-
futkris saxelisa da misgan naKari fuZeebis simravle imis li unda iKos.
maCvenebelia, rom afxazebi mefutkreobas ZvelTaganve misdev- amgvarad, mwerTa afxazuri saxelwodebani struqturulad
dnen. aris: odenfuZiani, afiqsiani, kompoziciiT miGebuli. zemoT
Kany// a-Kany
a-Kany ac `abreSumis yia~, a-x◦ac `yias~ niSnavs da-
Kany--x◦ac ganxiluli, kompoziciis gziT Sedgenili saxelwodebebi afxa-
moukideblad. es sitKva nasesxebi Cans afxazurSi. Sdr.: qarTu- zuri enis gramatikul normaTa dacviTaa nawarmoebi: sazGvru-
li `Kayis yia~, leqsemis meore nawili kalkirebulic kia. a-Kan- li win uswrebs msazGvrels.
yZaara `meabreSumeoba~, a-Zaara `aGzrda~, anu abreSumis cxovelTa da frinvelTa saxelwodebebisagan gansxvavebiT,
aGzrda~. meabreSumeoba afxazTaTvis SedarebiT axali saqmiano- mwerTa saxelwodebebSi motivacia naklebad SeiniSneba. leqsi-
baa, amas isic mowmobs, rom afxazurSi abreSumis yiis aGmniS- kuri fondis es ubani odenfuZiani saxelwodebebis simravli-
vneli sitKva nasesxebia. Tac gamoirCeva.
• mfrinavi, adamianisaTvis esTetikuri siamovnebis momgvre-
lia a-farfalˆk
farfalˆk/
falˆk/ a-farfalˆk falˆk½/aa-xˆCfˆfˆr(bzif.)
farfalˆk½ xˆCfˆfˆr `pepela~,
Sdr.: qarTuli farfali/parpali.
Zˆrk i/ a-bgarˆmZ (bzif.) `cicinaTela~, `elvana~ sitKvis
a-Zˆrk◦i koba miTagvaria
pirveli nawili a-bga `mgelia~, mas mosdevs mravlobiTi ricxvis
kuTvnilebis r- prefiqsi da amZ<amw `buzi~ leqsema. sitKva- saxe
saxelu
xeluri
luri sitKvawar
sitKvawarmo
warmoe
moeba adiGeurSi
adiGeurSi.
Si.
sitKviT: `mgeli maTi buzi~, aGsaniSnavia, rom sitKva a-bga `mge- I. redup
redupli
duplika
likacia
kacia
li~, mxolobiT ricxvSia, kuTvnilebis afiqsi ki mravlobiTisa
aqvs. reduplikacia sitKvawarmoebis umniSvnelovanesi saSuale-
• adamianisaTvis zianis mimKenebel mwerTa saxelwodebebia: baa, romelsac garkveuli adgili uyiravs adiGeur enaSic.
a-mw `buzi~, a-lamw `ZaGlis mweri~, a-la `ZaGli~, a-mw `buzi~, saxeluri fuZeebis fonetikuri cvlilebebis gareSe gan-
sitKvasitKviT: `mgl(is) buzi~, a-c◦ˆmw ˆmw `buzankali~, a-c◦ `xari~, meoreba iSviaTia (mag., fsˆ-fsˆ `dolbandi~). tipiuria redup-
a-mw `buzi~, zedmiwevniT: `xaris buzi~, a-cc `qinqla~, a-‚ likacia bgerebis SecvliT.
`CrCili~, akubrˆ `koGo~, akubrˆ ssa `wvrili qinqla~, a-wa reduplicirebuli sitKvebi iKofa or Jgufad:
`tili, mkbenari~, a-Z `rwKili~, a-ZTra `sarwKile~, -Tra a) mcire Jgufs Seadgenen xmovanSecvlili sitKvebi. aq
SemozGuduli sivrcis aGmniSvneli sufiqsi. akawa akawa `baGlinJo~, gamoiKofa leqsemebi, romlebSic maxvilis adgilmdebareobis
ac `yia~, a-x◦aa `xorcis matli a-x◦arS
a-x◦ac arS´/ a-x◦arS
arS´ arS´ˆ `boboli
arS´ mixedviT xdeba – da a xmovanTa monacvleoba:
(xis didi matli), ax ax◦aya
aya--ma
aya ya `yia-Gua, mweri~ Sdr.: qarTuli
maya mag. naan(–) <*n––-n–– `deda~ Sdr. n––-n––-(ˆ) `bebia~.
xoyo, a-S´xˆrc
xˆrc◦aGaG½½ `krazana, bziki~, a-bˆzka
aG bˆzkaTa ha `oboba, babayua,
Taha
Ta aris SemTxvevebi a º – xmovnebis Senacvlebisa …(ˆ) xmov-
feiqara~, a-bˆzkaTa
ˆzkaTahahara `ablabuda, obobas qseli~, sitKvis pir-
Tahara niT:
veli nawili a-bˆz `ena~, meore nawili (a)kaTa `bade~, mesame haaw-…
…w <*haaw-hºˆ
ˆw `qvewarmavali~

54 55
 b) meore Jgufi sitKvebisa ufro damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi Tanxmovnebi da TanxmovanTa kompleqsebi: s, S, fs, py ƒ,
fs py,
adiGeurisaTvis, romelSic xdeba reduplikacia Tanxmovani bge- o
w, n, z ¶ .
rebis SecvliT: reduplikaciis gziT miGebuli sitKvebiT aGiniSneba: krebiTo-
1) TanxmovanTa substitucia: ba, distribuciuloba, niSanTvisebis gaZliereba.
ƒabz–-l
lÀabz(–) `Zalian sufTa~, Sdr. ƒabza `sufTa~; dˆJˆ-
rˆJ(ˆ) `Zalian mware~, Sdr. dˆJˆ `mware~.
o
2) Tanxmovnis Secvla z¶ TanxmovniT, romelsac SeuZlia
sitKvis dasawKisSi Caanacvlos nebismieri Tanxmovani:
o
niko oTinaSvili
m–ƒ◦ˆ-z
z¶ –ƒ◦ˆ `Tiva da rame~, Sdr. m–ƒ◦ˆ `Tiva~;
o
Sams–T-z
z¶ ams–T `Samseti da rame~, Sdr. Sams–T (anTropo- sofel
sofel wirqo
wirqolis
qolis onomas
onomasti
mastika
tika
nimi).
Tu gaorkecebisas pirveli komponenti –, ˆ,
ˆ …–, …a dif- sofeli mdebareobs mdinare qsnis Sua welze, mis marJvena
o
TongebiT iwKeba, maSin meore komponentSi z¶ difTongebis pir- mxares sadac aGmarTulia didebuli wirqolis cixe, romelTa-
vel elements enacvleba. nac araerTi sabrZolo epizodia dakavSirebuli saistorio ma-
–bzˆ-z
o
z¶ –bzˆ `nakeli da rame~; …ˆa–-z
…ˆ
o
z¶ –– `wvima da ra- salebis mixedviT.
me~. sofeli moxseniebulia wirqvalis formiT vaxuSti da io-
o ane bagrationebis SromebSi. igi datanialia vaxuStis rukebze
Tu sitKva iwKeba a xmovniT, am SemTxvevaSi z¶ bgera
mdinare qsnis marJvena mxares da dGesac iq lokalizdeba. mdi-
sitKvas TavSi daerTvis Senacvlebis gareSe:
o dar masalas Seicavs soflis onomastikonis Sesaxeb `1774 da
mag.: arƒ-z
z¶ arƒ `araKi da rame~ 1781 wlebis qsnis xeobis statistikuri~ aGweriloba.
3) Tanxmovnis Senacvleba TanxmovanTa kompleqsiT: dˆJˆ-
xeoba ZvelTaganve dasaxlebuli iKo qarTuli tomebiT,
fsˆJ(ˆ)
fs `Zalian mware~, Sdr. dˆJˆ `mware~. romelTa Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdis toponimebi da anTroponime-
4) TanxmovanTa kompleqsis Canacvleba TanxmovniT:
bi. toponimikuri saxelwodebebis mdgradoba saSualebas gvaZ-
fx–S´–-nnaS´(–) `Zalian didi~; levs xeobaSi da xsenebul sofelSi gamovavlinoT is elemente-
fs–…-mma… `mTeli da uvnebeli~, Sdr. fs–…(ˆ) `mTliani,
bi, romlebic Tanamedrove leqsikidan gaqra. aseve gamovavli-
JanmrTeli~. noT Zveli dialeqturi niSnebi, avxsnaT movlenebi leqsikaSi,
reduplikaciis gziT miGebuli sitKvebisTvis agreTve da-
fonetikaSi, sintaqsSi.
maxasiaTebelia ara mxolod calkeuli bgerebis, aramed mar- soflis onomastikuri masala Sekrebili gvaqvs daaxloe-
cvlebis Senacvlebac.
biT Cvidmeti wlis win da mis gadamowmebas vawarmoebdiT peri-
d–G◦-fsˆG◦ `sruliad Kru~, Sdr. d–G◦ˆ `Kru~ odulad. sul Sekrebili gvaqvs asze meti toponimi. gvarebidan
ƒabz–-‡◦ˆbz(–) `Zalian sufTa~, Sdr. ƒabz– `sufTa~. maSin davadastureT ocdaxuTi gvari, romelTa nawili dGes
amgvarad, reduplikaciis gziT miGebul kompozitebSi sofelSi aGar cxovrobs, magram toponimiaSi darCa. dGeisa-
pirveli komponentis pirvel Tanxmovans an TanxmovanTa kom- Tvis sofelSi gansaxlebulia: qutaSvili, Sermadini, morbeda-
pleqss, rogorc wesi, sitKvis meore komponentSi Seenacvlebian

56 57
Ze, TaTriSvili, fsuturi, yarxalaSvili, gabrielaSvili, xri-
kuli, gamxitaSvili, ficxelauri, megreliSvili, basikaSvili,
odiSvili, xalbegaSvili, ZerKoraSvili.
toponimebidan _ wKaroebis, xevebis, wKlebis kompozitur
saxelTa meore komponentad gvxvdeba: wKali, wKaro, xevi, Gele:
dampal wKali, dampali wKaroebi, qowKobilis wKali, didGele,
verZa wKaro, didi wKaro, TeTri wKaro, osas morevi, Kudrebis
wKaro, darbaxevi, gorTamaanT wKaro, xevi da sxv.
adgilebis, mTebis, qedebis kompozitur saxelTa meore
komponentad gvaqvs: miwa, mTa, qedi, axo, mzvare, Cirdili: iases
miwa, batonis miwa, qedis miwa, fSareuli mTa, didi mTa, sa-
mgle qedi, cixis qedi, zanguraanT qedebi, fSavliaanT axo, va-
nes axo, goglas axo, GvTiSobli mzvare, zebaKuris mzvare,
Txilvanis Cirdili, lomisis Cirdili, saKdris Cirdili.
toponimuri punqtebis kompozitur saxelTa meore kompo-
nentad gvxvdeba ubani, an win erTvis zemo qvemo. mag. ficxela-
anT ubani (ficxelaurebi), JambuaanT ubani (qutaSvilebi), xri-
kulT ubani (xrikulebi), ZerKoraanT ubani (ZerKoraSvilebi),
zemo ubani (axali dasaxleba), qvemo ubani (morbedaZeebi).
toponimur saxelTa erTi Jgufi Seicavs adamianis gvars
an saxels, romelsac Tan erTvis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi -an ||
anT: gorTamaani (wasuli gvari milaZeebi), Jambriaani (wasuli
gvari JambriSvilebi), bejiaani (wasuli gvari kobaurebi), mo-
rbedaanTi (morbedaZeebis), myedliaanTi (myedliZeebi), odiaan-
Ti (odiSvilebi), gamxitaanTi (gamxitaSvilebi).
qarTluri kilos qsnur metKvelebaSi _ ur || ul sufiq-
sebs aqvT potencia aGniSnon sxvadasxva funqcia. sofelSi Sina-
arsis mixedviT dasturdeba toponimuri saxelebi, romlebic
warmoqmnilia sakuTari saxelisgan da TviT toponimidan, mag.:
zamTareuli (qedi), kowaxurebi (buCqnari), saxizuri (saxnavi),
cauri (axo), baramuli (qutaSvilis axo), kurdGelauri (cxov-
robdnen kurdGelaSvilebi), pantnauri (klde), saqasuri (Kofi-
li saxnavi), zebaKuri (saZovari) da sxva.
mravlobiTSi gvxvdeba toponimebi, romlebic ZiriTadad
58
adgilis sidides gaxazavs, mag.: kowaxurebi (buCqnari), sabadu-
rebi (qedi), bagebi (saxnavebi), didvelebi (saTibebi), naxizanre-
bi (saTibebi), Jvarmiwebi (niSi), Gvinarebi (veli), veZaT qedebi
(wKaroebi), fSavlianT axo (koburis gvari), GituraanT kldee-
bi (Sermadinis gvari), bejiaanT wKaro (TaTriSvili).
gvxvdeba na-, sa- prefiqsebiT nawarmoebi geografiuli sa-
xelebi: na-darbazevi, na-fuZari an na-fuZrebi, na-walkotevi, na-
tusebi, sa-batono, sa-mgle, sa-JinJlo da sxva.
religiuri mniSvnelobebis dasaxelebebi dakavSirebulia
GmerTebis, wmindanebis saxelebTan, mag.: kviracxoveli (eklesia)
wminda giorgi (eklesia), GvTismSobeli (eklesia), Jvarmiwebi
(muxis niSi), lomisas niSi, xatis venaxi (Kofili venaxi).
moxsenebaSi warmodgenili meTvramete saukunis aGwerebis
toponomastika friad sainteresoa, rogorc warsulis ise,
dGevandelobis TvalsazrisiT.
Tamar papiaSvili
samSe
samSeneb
mSeneblo
neblo nage
nagebo
geboba
bobaTa
baTa aGmniS
aGmniSvne
vneli
vneli
termi
ter mine
minebi
nebi afxazur
afxazur enaSi
enaSi
Tanamedrove afxazeTis teritoriis mkvidrni soflis me-
urneobas uZvelesi droidan, neoliTis epoqidan misdevdnen.
xelsaKreli geografiuli pirobebis arsebobam ganapiroba me-
urneobis sxvadasxva dargebis: mecxoveleobis, mevenaxeobis, me-
baGeobis, memarcvleobis da sxvaTa ganviTareba. Sesabamisad,
CamoKalibda sxvadasxva daniSnulebis sameurneo nagebobaTa mSe-
neblobis tradiciac.
xuroTmoZGvruli TvalsazrisiT, sameurneo nagebobebi wnu-
li an Zeluri tipis, mrgvali an oTxkuTxa formis nagebobebi
iKo.
afxazur enaSi arsebuli sameurneo nagebobebis aGmniSvne-
59
li terminebi SeiZleba ramdenime Jgufad daiKos. am diferenci-
acias safuZvlad udevs terminTa gramatikuli agebulebis,
warmomavlobisa da etimologiuri analizis Sedegad gamovle-
nili zogadi kanonzomierebani.
1. sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli terminebis mniSvnelovani
nawili Sedgeba sakuTriv afxazuri leqsikisagan, Tumca mo-
rfologiuri agebulebis mixedviT igi identobas amjGavnebs
qarTvelur ena-kiloebSi arsebul saTanado terminologias-
Tan, mag.: qarT.: sa- cxen-e / megr.: o-
sa-cxen- cxen-e / afx.: aCà
o-cxen- aCàTra _
mocemuli sami termini Sedgeba Sinauri cxovelebis aGmniS-
vneli saxelebis fuZeebisa da adgilis mawarmoebeli afiqse-
bisagan: qar.: sa-
sa-e / megr.: o-e /afx.: _ Tra;
Tra; qarT.: sa-sa-mzare
mzare-
re-
ul-o / sa-
ul- mzad-i / afx.: ax°à
sa-mzad- ax àKawarTa
KawarTa / aCH arTa _ am da-
aCHsKawar
sKawarTa
mxmare nagebobis qarTuli da afxazuri saxelwodebebi Se-
dgeba mzareulobis, kerZis mzadebis aGmniSvneli zmnuri fu-
Zisa da adgilis aGmniSvneli afiqsebisgan: qarT.: sa- sa-o//sa
sa /
afx.: rTa leqsikuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT identuria
wisqvilis aGmniSvneli qarTuli da afxazuri terminebic,
romlebic kompozitur saxelebs warmoadgens da Sedgeba se-
mantikurad msgavsi erTeulebisagan: qarT.: wisqvi qvili <
wisqvili
fqvili < wKal-
wKlis fqvili wKal-i + fqvil-
fqvil-i / afx.: aZà gara < aZà
aZàlaga
lagara aZà
,,wKali” + alagagara ,,fqva~.
alagara
2. sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli terminebis nawili afxa-
zur enaSi megrulidan Sesuli leqsikis saxiTaa warmodgeni-
li, mag.: Txebis sadgomi _ mara raka < megr. mara
maraka raka / qabar
maraka qabarka
barka,
ka,
saGore _ osqàosqà < megr.:: osqà
osqà / osququ. megrulidan Sesul
osqu.
terminologiaSi dasturdeba sesxebis kanonzomierebaTa ga-
TvaliswinebiT mosalodneli fonetikuri cvlilebebi, iSvia-
Tad ki aGiniSneba semantikuri varirebac, mag.: ayà ayày momdina-
reobs momcro zomis aGmniSvneli megruli zedsarTavi saxe-
lisgan yiye
yiye.
ye.
3. sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli terminebis garkveuli na-
wili sakuTriv afxazuri warmomavlobis leqsikiTaa warmo-
dgenili, mag.: gomuri _ aboraabora / abou ra, sasiminde _ aca,
aboura, aca,

60
 axaldaqorwinebulTa saxli – amha hara da sxv.
amhara Tvis kacisa~ gamoKofs ori saxis `sitKvas~_`Soris mdebares~
4. afxazurSi arsebul sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvnel termi- (`logos endiaTetos~) da `garemosils~ (`logos profori-
nebSi gamoiKofa saerTokavkasiuri fuZec gval / gvar.
gvar iberi- kos~); pirveli warmouTqmelia, meore ki _ warmoTqmuli, rac
ul-kavkasiur enebSi igi sxvadasxva semantikiT gamoiKeneba, imas niSnavs, rom pirvel SemTxvevaSi `sitKvas aqvs saazrovno
kerZod.: sv.: gval fuZes sacxovrebeli farTis saqonlisTvis semantika, meore SemTxvevaSi ki niSnavs gaxmovnebul azrs, dana-
gamoKofili nawilis mniSvneloba aqvs; imave fuZis varianti wevrebuli metKvelebiT warmoCenils. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT,
gamoiKofa qarTul sitKvaSic gomu ri adiGeurSi guar
gomuri
muri. guartei
artei `sitKva~ mowodebulia ori mniSvnelobiT: `Sinagani~ da `gacxa-
naxiria; afxazurSi ag°ar
arTa naxirs aGniSnavs, xolo bzifur
ag arTa debuli~ azris mniSvnelobiT. sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsi
dialeqtSi ki ag°°arp ag arf mTliani kar-midamos mniS-
ag arp // ag°°arf konSi `warmouTqmeli~ da `warmoTqmuli~ sitKva iwodeba ro-
vnelobiT dasturdeba. warmodgenili terminebis etimologi- gorc `Sinagan mdebare~ da `warmoCenili~. pirveli uxmoa, meo-
is axsna SesaZloa moxdes adiGuri fuZis _ agus agus safuZvel- re _ xmovani. sabas ganmartebiT, `warmoCenilsa sitKvasa xmasa
ze, romelsac kar-midamos semantika aqvs. ufro Grma kvlevis Sina sitKvis-gebaTa aqvs moqmedeba~. amgvari `sitKva~ leqsikog-
Sedegad ki mivdivarT Zvel berZnulSi arsebul terminamde rafis mier daxasiaTebulia rogorc `qadagi mogonebisa~ (=ga-
agro
agroi nia, romelic qalaqgareT mdebare mamuls niSnavda.
roinia, cxadebuli azri). `sitKvis sabaseul definicias safuZvlad
lingvisturi analizis Sedegad unda iTqvas, rom miuxeda- udevs nemesios emeselis interpretacia, romlis mixedviTac
vad afxazur enaSi arsebuli sameurneo nagebobebis aGmniSvne- `nawevaroiani mimorquma (=danawevrebuli metKveleba) Seexo ra
li terminebis sxvadasxva kriteriumebis safuZvelze diferen- `gagonebasa~ (=gonebasa) da `gulis-sitKuasa~ (=cnobasa), qada-
cirebisa, qarTuli da afxazuri enebis myidro kontaqti da gadca Seiqmna igi gonebiTsa mimodrekaTaisa~ (`ioane petriwis
naTesaoba ganxilul semantikur velSic naTlad Cans. Targmani~), anu danawevrebuli metKveleba azrovnebiTi aqtis
da `cnobis~ (=mixvedris, gacnobierebis) warmomCenia (`qada-
gia~). `warmo
warmoCe
warmoCeni
Cenili
nili da warmou
warmouCene
Ceneli sitKva SegviZlia dava-
neli sitKva~
xasiaToT agreTve rogorc `ga gacxa
gacxade
cxadebu
debulili da `ga
buli~ gau
gaucxade
cxadebe
debeli
beli~.
li
garda saazrovno semantikisa, warmoTqmuli sitKvis mniS-
merab robaqiZe
vneloba Zvel qarTulSi aqvs agreTve `zraxva~-s: `ena zraxavs
mas, romelsa miscems guli da goneba~ (mam. sw.,171,13).
`sitKvis~
sitKvis~ Sina
Sinaar
naarsob
arsobri
sobrivi
rivi aspeq
aspeqte
peqtebis
tebis Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb
Zvel qarTul
qarTul da Zvel somxur
somxur enebSi
enebSi saKuradGeboa agreTve Zvel qarTul enaSi `sitKvis~
gamoKeneba saazrovno cnebis mniSvnelobiT (=warmouCeneli, gau-
adamianis, rogorc moazrovne arsebis, buneba ,,sitKvas~ cxadebuli sitKva) rogorc saxeluri (`sitKva~), ise zmnuri
ukavSirdeba. samKaros sxva danarCen arsebaTagan igi swored (`isitKunes~) formebiT. `sitKva~, rogorc saazrovno cneba,
`sitKviT~ gansxvavdeba. adamianis Kovelgvar gamovlinebas az- gvxvdeba zmnur konstruqciaSi `gulsa itKvis~ (=fiqrobs). ama-
rovnebisa da praqtikuli moGvawe- obis sferoebSi safuZvlad ve Sinaarss warmoaCens agreTve kompoziti `gulis-sitKva~ (fiq-
udevs `sitKva~ (logosi). `sitKva~ Zvel qarTul enaSi gansxvave- ri, azri). nemesios emeselis Txzulebis petriwiseul Targman-
buli mniSvnelobebiT warmogvidgeba. 1V s-is berZeni fsiqo- Si dasturdeba `sitKva~ rogorc saazrovno cneba.
log-anTropologi nemesios emeseli Tavis naSromSi `bunebisa- `sitKva
sitKva~-s
sitKva Zvel qarTul enaSi qmedi
qmediTi
diTi,
Ti, praqti
praqtiku
tikuli
kuli saqmi
saqmi-
qmi-

61 62
 nobis mniSvnelobac aqvs. `Sinagani sitKvis~ (`gulis-sitKvis~,
anobis bacburSi -w(<wawa Jerobis sufiqsia, z am funqciiT ar
wa)
azris) gacxadeba xdeba ara mxolod danawevrebuli metKvele- Cans. cnobilia, rom ricxviT saxelebSi, -w-(<--wa) wa Jerobis -w(<--
biT, sitKvieri warmoTqmiT, aramed moqmede
moqmedebi Tac azrebis rea-
debiTac
biTac; wa Sdr. CaCn.-ing. -za)
wa), za sufiqsisagan momdinareobs. Jerobis -wa
lizacia xdeba saqmiT
saqmiT da esec `sitKvaa~. Zvel qarTul teqsteb- sufiqsSi a xmovani eqvemdebareba bacburSi a-boloxmovnis mo-
Si `sitKva~ am mniSvnelobiTac (=saqme, qmedeba, qceva) dastur- kvecis wess, reducirebulia (mag., Sa-w < Sa-wa `orJer~...). rTu-
deba: `romelman dauteos coli Tvinierad sitKvisasitKvisa (=saqcie- li ricxviTi saxelebis i n l a u t S i -wa- wa-segmentis a ar ikar-
lisa) siZvisa, amruSos igi~ (mT. 5.32). mTel rig SemTxvevebSi geba (mag., is´-wa
wa-tKa
wa `as oTxmoci~...), Tumca -w (<--wa)
wa Jerobis
bibliis teqstis variantul ikiTxvisebSi `sitKvis
sitKvis nacvlad
sitKvis~ sufiqsi ricxviT saxelebSi, rvaass zemoT, -w-s saxiT gvxvdeba.
mowodebulia `sasaqme
saqme~
qme~. es ricxviTi saxelebi erT rTul fuZes ar warmoadgenen _ gvi-
`sitKva
sitKva~, romelic, Zvel anTropologTa TqmiT, aris ada-
sitKva~ andeli warmoeba Cans, -wa sufiqsi auslautSi rCeba da aqac -
mianis `urCeulesi nawili~, Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi mravalferov- wa > w (mag., Sa-ww tKauztKa (orJer oTxasi) `rvaasi~...).
nebiT warmoaCens mas, rogorc moazmoazrov
azrovne
rovne,
ne, xmiT metKvel da Jerobis sufiqsi za(<Za Za CaCnur-inguSurSi dasturdeba.
za Za)
aqti ur saqmis Semsrulebel (= `saqmiT metKvel~) pirovnebas.
aqtiur
tiur, saerTod aq a-boloxmovani, Cveulebriv, ar ikveceba. bacburi
aseTsave mniSvnelobebs gviCvenebs qarTuli `sitKvis~ Se- enis rTuli ricxviTi saxelebis za(<Za Za segmenti CaCnur-ingu-
za Za)
satKvisi leqsikuri erTeuli `ban~ Zvel somxur enaSi (agreTve Suris Jerobis za(<Za
za Za)
Za sufiqss ukavSirdeba.
axalSi). es sitKva somxurSi, iseve rogorc qarTulSi, warmoa- CaCnurSi za(<Za
Za dialeqturi variantebia. bacburSi
za Za)
Cens logogosur semantikas, romelSic kargad aisaxeba adamianis
logosur Za(<za
Za za)-s
za SesatKvisia wa (a. somerfelti, d. imnaiSvili), CaCnur
bunebis arsebiTi niSan-Tvisebebi, Sinagani mamoZravebeli Zalebi z-s bacburSi z SeesatKviseba. aseTi SesatKvisoba iSviaTad,
da maTi qmediTi realizacia. magram mainc SeiniSneba naxur enebSi. bacburSi Jerobis sufiq-
sis paraleluri formebi (-wa za unda gvqonoda.
waº-za
wa za)

latavra sanikiZe
Tedo uTurgaiZe
w(<wa)
wa), wa,
wa, z segmen
segmente
mentebi
tebi bacbu
bacburi
buri (wova
wova-
va-TuSu
TuSuri
Suri)
ri)
enis ricx
ricxviT
cxviT saxe
saxeleb
xelebSi
lebSi
-an sufiq
sufiqsi
fiqsisa
sisaTvis
saTvis medi
medium
diumTa
umTa formeb
formebSi
mebSi
Tvlis sistema naxur enebSi, msgavsad rigi iberiul-kavka-
siuri enebisa, ocobiTi da aTobiTia, syarbobs ocobiTi Tvlis 1. mediumTa [mKvanan, dganan, Zv. qarT. mqonan (< mquanan)
sistema, rac gvaqvs ocs zemoT ricxviT saxelebSi (gamonaklisi ....] formebSi -an gansxvavebulad ganixileba: erTi Tvalsazri-
SeiZleba iKos `cxrameti~). siT, -an sufiqsia da Temis niSnad aris miCneuli, meore Tval-
ocobiTi Tvlis sistemis mixedviT Sedgenil rTul ricx- sazrisiT, -an daSlilia -a da -n elementebad. am Teoriis mi-
viT saxelebTan bacburSi -w(<-wa) wa- da -z(<za)
wa), -wa- za) segmentebi xedviT -n S3 – is niSania.
gamoiKofa: ex-wa
wa-tK(a)
wa < eTx-wa
wa-tK(a)
wa `as oci~..., Sa-w
w- 2. Zveli qarTulis haqunda da haqundes formebze
tKauztKa `rvaasi~... Sau-z
z-tK `ormoci~... damKarebiT -n sufiqsi (Sdr. a-qu-s) ver miiCneva -an sufiqsis

63 64
variantad, radgan formaSi ar aris mareducirebuli elementi ri, saxelmwifo ena Turqulia, saoJaxo (Sinauri) ena ki qarTu-
(-an dgas -d savrcobis win). li. imerxevelTa qarTuli, 450 wlis manZilze dedaenis da-
3. ganxilul formebSi -n S3-is funqciadakarguli niSa- mqvemdebarebel kontrols moklebuli, Turqul enobriv gare-
nia; Sdr. Zv. qarTulis aqu-n, erTi mxriT, da, meore mxriT, moSi moqceuli, enis ganviTarebis Sinagani kanonebis moqmedebis
aqu-n-s (m.15,32cmr.8,2c). analogiuri viTarebaa megrul-lazur- Sesabamisad ganviTarda da damoukidebel kilod CamoKalibda.
Si: miGunia-miGunan. arn. Ciqobava -n-s miGunan `gvKavs~ formaSi Turqulis enis KoveldGiuri gavlenis miuxedavad, man Seinar-
moqmed sufiqsad miiCnevs (miGu-n-an), i. KifSiZe ki mas fuZes Cuna Tavisi fonetikuri sistema, gramatikuli wKoba da Ziri-
akuTvnebda (miGun-an). Tadi leqsikuri fondi. imerxeul kiloSi erTxel kidev gan-
Cven viziarebT g. kartozias Tvalsazriss: -nan (miGu-nan) cxadda qarTuli enis siZliere, gamZleoba da ukvdaveba.
sinqroniaSi dauSlelia _ `erTian sufiqsad ganixileba~. imerxeulma kilom dGemde Semoinaxa zedsarTav saxeleb-
p
radgan subieqturi wKobis zmnebSi -an S3 -s gamoxatavda Tan dakavSirebuli Zveli qarTuli formebi, saintereso dia-
(yarun-an > yaruna), obieqturi wKobis zmnebSi -nan simravlis leqtizmebi da Turqulis gavleniT SeZenili ucxo leqsikuri
gamoxatvis funqcias iGebs. erTeulebi. Taviseburi leqsikur-gramatikuli elferis mata-
xevsuruli dialeqtis xKon `hKvanan~, xqon `hqonan~ (Zv. rebelia imerxeulis zogierTi zedsarTavi saxeli. kerZod:
qarT.) arqaulia TviT Zveli qarTulisTvisac: x-Kon (< x-Ku-an / zedsarTavi saxelis _ didididi _ Sinaarsi, gamoKenebis are ga-
< x-Kv+an), x-qon (< x-qu-an). -an, romelic Zireul [E]-sTan farToebulia. Cveulebrivi mniSvnelobis garda, igi aGniSnavs
p
SerwKmiT on-s iZleva, S3 -is niSania. es formebi am zmnaTa Tav- asakiT an TanamdebobiT ufros pirovnebas, gvevlineba arsebiT
dapirvel viTarebas asaxaven. subieqturi mesame piris niSani saxelad. magaliTad: CÍeni didi
didi (oJaxis ufrosi) haJi meqasa da
mxolobiT ricxvSi aq arsad Cans. medinas momlocveli) gamƒdara; nuri-begi ximSiaSvili imaTi
didi (ufrosi) iKo... did-fuZes
didi did erTvis ovan-sufiqsi,
ovan CaerTvis
r-Tanxmovani (Sdr. saba _ didro roani _did-didebi), da warmo-
didroa
qmnilia mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi _ didro didrova vani (mozrdili,
rovani
did-didebi). es sitKva imerxevelTa metKvelebaSi Segvxvda ram-
SuSana futkaraZe
denime variantiT _ didro
didrova
rovani
vani,
ni, didro
didroa
roani,
ni, didr…ani,
didr…ani, did-
did-
zedsar
zedsarTav
sarTav saxe
saxeleb
xelebTan
lebTan dakav
dakavSi
kavSire
Sirebu
rebuli
buli rvani
rvani,
ni, didvra ni igi simravlis gagebas iZleva da martooden
didvrani
vrani.
Tavi
Tavise
visebu
sebure
bureba
rebani
bani imerxe
imerxeul
xeulSi
ulSi mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgari sazGvrulis msazGvrelad gvevline-
ba (Sdr. didi saxli, didruani saxlebi).
imerxeuli kilo qarTuli enis dedamdinaris erTi Zlie-
ovan-sufiqss,
ovan didro
didrovavanis msgavsad, dairTavs, agreTve,
rovanis
ri Senakadia. igi imerxeveli qarTvelebis mSobliuri
zedsarTavebi _ patara patina, pawa, maGali, dabali, grZeli,
metKvelebaa. imerxevi, istoriuli saqarTvelos uZvelesi miwa,
kargi, lamazi–da simravleze migvaniSnebs: patar…ani
patar…ani,
tar…ani, pa-
pa-
tao-klarJeTis erT-erTi mxarea, samxreT saqarTvelos Semadge-
tit…ani,
tit…ani, pawaw…ani
pawaw…ani,
waw…ani, maGal…ani, bal…ani, gzel…ani (Z-s
maGal…ani, dabal…ani
dabal…ani,
neli nawili. amjamad moqceulia TurqeTis respublikis far-
imerxeulSi enacvleba z-Tanxmovani), karg…ani,
karg…ani lama
lamazu
mazua
zuani
glebSi. kerZod, imerxevi warmoadgens arTvinis vilaeTis SavSe-
(ovan→oan→uan→ …an): pa patit…ani ebi (ƒbovrebi) cxeniT
ƒbie
tit…ani ƒbi
Tis raionis erT lamaz mxares _ mdinare fafarTis xeobas.
avasxiT ÉaÉlaSi; sxli zirSi pawaw…ani mSlebia (nergebia);
pawaw…ani namSle
namSlebia
imerxeveli qarTvelebi orenovanni arian. maTi oficialu-

65 66
gzel…ani klave vebi gaSala; karg…ani vaSle
klavebi lebi avarCieT...
vaSlebi hat _ simSvide, dasveneba) _ mousvenari, uima mano (arab. iman
uimano
mravlobiTobis gadmosacemad gamoiKeneba, agreTve, fuZis _ rwmena) _ urwmuno, sabri briani (arab. sabir _ moTmena, gaZle-
sabria
gaorkeceba, rogoricaa: patar-patara, patina-patina, pawawa ba) _ damTmobi, momTmeni, hersi siani (arab. hirs _ brazi, risxva)
hersia
(←pawa-pawa), gzel-gzeli, wore–wore, ƒmel-ƒmeli, gonJ-gonJi... _ mrisxane, braziani...
magaliTad: maGal-
maGal-maGali kacebi be…ri arian sxloban (sxlo sxlo-
sxlo- xarisxis warmoeba umTavresad aGweriTia. rogorc mSob-
bani sofelia SavSeTSi); mokle
bani mokle- mokle gziebiT davalT; gonJ-
kle-mokle gonJ- liur, ise nasesxeb zedsarTavebs emateba Turqul-arabuli
gonJma sitKvebma damaberes...
gonJma warmoSobis nawilakebi, damxmare sitKvebi, rogoricaa: en (Kve-
imerxeulSi zedsarTav saxels _ pata tara enacvleba amave
patara laze metad), fena (Zlier), daha (kidev ufro): en ma maaali
mniSvnelobis sitKvebi _ pati patina
ti na da pawa romlebic saxelobiT
pawa
wa, (umaGlesi) mTa karCxalia; fena fena lama mazi (ulamazesi) baƒala (qa-
lamazi
brunvaSi warmodgenilia sruli brunvis niSniT: pata patarai
tarai liSvili) hKavs; daha rieli (ugemrielesi) saymeli boloSi
daha gemri
gemrie
baƒala uer oqulSi (skolaSi) ar dava (dadis); pati tinai ƒobo
patinai iymeva... ufroobiTi xarisxis u-s s-mawarmoebliT mxolod erTi
(xbo) baxCaSi zovs; pawai
pawai Toƒi goukeTa Garysa (biysa)... sitKva _ ukeTe Tesi _ Segvxvda, isic mxolod moxucTa metKvele-
ukeTesi
mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi _ Zvelan Zvelandedeli gvxvdeba z…elan-
landeli z…elan- baSi.
duri
duri-formiT
ri (del→ dur): CÍenma didrovanebma z…elandu z…elanduri
duri imerxeulSi odnaobiTi xarisxis formebi iSviaTad gvxvde-
naTq…amebi Sigvinaxes; z…elandur
z…elandur urubasa (tansacmels) genJe- ba, rogoricaa: modimodido
dido,
do, momaGlo
momaGlo,
maGlo, mopa
mopawao
pawao,
wao, modab
modablo
dablo,
lo, mosuf
mosuf-
suf-
bi (axalgazrdebi) aGar wonilooben (iwoneben)... To,
To, mowmin
mowmindo
mindo,
do, mokar
mokargo
kargo,
go, moTxe
moTxelo
Txelo,
lo, mosqe
mosqelo
sqelo,
lo, moSa
moSavo
Savo,
vo, moTeT
moTeT-
TeT-
aq,
aq, iq-zmnizedebisagan
iq eur-bolosarTiT
eur nawarmoebia zed- ro,
ro, mona
monarin
narinJo
rinJo,
Jo, moKirmi
moKirmizozo odnaobiTi xarisxis formaa _ mo-
mizo... mo-
sarTavebi _ aqe…ri
aqe…ri,, iqe…ri (eur→eÍr): aqe…ri laparaki co- dgmo (wvrilisa da msxvildis saSuali): windiTvin modgmo modgmo za-
ta ar erigeba Tq…ensas; iqe…ri saTibebi C…ensa darCa... zog- fi davarTi...
Jer gvxvdeba aqevri
aqevri,
ri, iqevri
iqevri-formiTac.
ri Turqulidan Semosula da damkvidrebula feris aGmniS-
formiTa da SinaarsiT saKuradGeboa imerxeulisaTvis vneli zedsarTavebi: mori mori (iis feri), mavi mavi (lurJi), ÉeSili
eSili
damaxasiaTebeli warmoqmnili da Txzuli zedsarTavebi, rogo- (mwvane), Kirmimizi (wiTeli), sari
Kirmizi sari (KviTeli), saKizren rengi (vardis-
saKizrengi
ricaa: saga reTo (gareT Casacmeli), saSi
sagare
gareTo saSinanaTo (Sin, oJaxur ga-
SinaTo feri). Savi
Savi,
vi, TeTri
TeTri, breSi (Sdr. saba–mreSi) _ ruxi jer kidev
ri, breSi
remoSi Casacmeli), sagu levlo (saguldagulo), sana
sagulev
gulevlo sanamet
nametro
metro aqtiuri leqsikis erTeulebia imerxeulSi.
(zedmeti), sana muso (warmosaCen adgilas Casacmeli), safe
sanamu
namuso saferi
feri zedsarTavebi _ axalgaz
axalgazrda
gazrda,
rda, moxu xuci ar Segvxvedria.
moxuci
(Sesadari), saSeSeno (SenTvis gamosadegi), saCe
saSeno Cemo (CemTvis gamosa-
saCemo axalgaz
axalgazrdarda enacvleba an Turquli genJ-i
gazrda-s genJ (genç _ axalgaz-
degi), foTeTelai (merKevi, oryofi), Sina
foTelai naTai (Sin, oJaxSi gamosa-
SinaTai rda) an qarTuli mozde mozde;
zde moxuc
moxuc-is
xuc magivrad ki gamoiKeneba
degi mxolod)... axalpi piri (axalgazrda dedali pirutKvi, ro-
axalpiri Turquli ÉaSli aSli (yaşli _ moxuci) an qarTuli bebe ri erTi
beberi
beri:
melmac pirvelad imSobiara), gulga garai (ugulo), guler
gulgarai gulerTi
lerTi mozde Garyi (biyi) gamogzavnes; genJe
mozde Jebi isameben amasa; ÉaSli
genJebi aSli
(erTguli), feƒC…ili (msubuqi Kofaqcevis qali), fisimw…ra fisimw…ravi
simw…ravi var, Tirfani (celi) veGar momiwevnia; CÍeni bebe beri zor (Za-
beberi
(Zunwi), ƒelmarmarto (martoxela), ƒelwa
ƒelmarto ƒelwamo
wamosak
mosakraravi (advilad da-
sakravi liT) goumuslimanebian...
samorCilebeli), Sori Soriaxaxlo (axlosa da Soris saSuali)...
riaxlo Turqulis gavleniT imerxeulSi ukve damkvidrebuli Cans
zogierTi mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi nawarmoebia Turquli zogierTi ucxoenovani zedsarTavi, rogoricaa: beqa qari (arab.
beqari
enidan Semosuli sitKva-Zirebis gamoKenebiT: ura uraha To (arab. ra-
haTo
ha bekar _ dauqorwinebeli), bo Si (Turq. boş _ carieli), be
boSi beTiTi

67 68
(spar. bet _ cudi, saZageli), Taza
Taza (spar. taze _ axali, norCi), (msxvilad dafquli), xvere
refi (fxvieri miwa), JinJi
xverefi Jixi (cxelisa
JinJixi
saGlami (Turq. sağlam _ JanmrTeli, saGi) sade sade (spar. sade _ da Tbilis saSuali), Jixmakuri (daufiqreblad naTqvami)...
Jixmaku
makuri
sufTa, martivi, ubralo), qiba bari (arab. kibar _keTilSobili,
qibari imerxeulis safuZvliani Seswavla qarTuli enis lingvis-
Tavmomwone), SiS
SiSma ni (Turq. şişman _ msuqani), xira
mani
ma xira (Turq. hıra tur suraTs bevr saintereso masalas SesZens enaTa kontaqtebi-
_ susti, myle), Je Jesu ri (arab. cesur _ gambedavi, uSiSari)...
suri
su sa da Zveli qarTuli leqsikis ukeT warmoCenis TvalsazrisiT.
ucxoenovani zedsarTavebis erTi nawili Jer kidev mtki-
ced ar aris fexmokidebuli: C…eni eski eski (Zveli) g…aria gorga-
ze; z…eli
z…eli (Zveli) naTq…amebi g…iKÍars; uzun (grZeli) zam-
TarSi maƒuela; gzeli
gzeli gargani gamaazro dedaberma; C…ena sade sade naTela quTelia
(sufTa) gurJebi varTa; sufTasufTa laparaki aGar viciT, TurqCa
wagvrevs iSta (ise)... diaq
diaqro
aqroni
roniu
niuli fono
fonotaq
notaqti
taqtika
tika da siste
sistemis
temis element
elementTa
mentTa
imerxeulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zedsarTavebia aƒsi transfor
tran sforma
sformacia
macia
(Tavneba, mousvenari), balxi
balxi (susti, uGono), balxa xami (Kamiri
balxami
miwa), dida
dari (darbaiseli, warmosaCeni adamiani), Tuƒi (muqi),
didari harmoniul kompleqsTa A da B sistemis Jgufebi markirebu-
lursi (iribi), luƒi (binZuri, usufTao), simsxa
lursi sxami (umciresi),
simsxami lia saerTo qarTveluri fonologiuri sistemis TvalsazrisiT
ulumeSa (uGrani, miuvali), fuKi (fuGuroiani), Glanai
ulum Glanai (uZ- (g. mayavariani). amave dros kanonikuria zanuri (resp. megrul-
luri), Kumra ralai (muqi wiTeli), KuCi (nelTbili), Sola
Kumralai Solarai
larai lazuri) fonotaqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT, radgan savsebiT See-
(tanadi), ConCo
ConCo (moSvebuli, dune), wkipi
wkipi (wvrili Zafi), wore
wore sabameba fonemaTa SeerTebis struqturul kanonzomierebas:
(sufTa, saGi, marTali) yknari
yknari (myle), xoSoSori (mouridebeli,
xoSori megruli
ukulturo), x…adi (mamaci, uSiSari, Seupovari)... A B
imerxeulSi cocxalia Zveli qarTuli zedsarTavebi, rogo-
ricaa: balan gari (uwvrTneli), bele
balanga
langari leSa (rqadadrekili cxove-
beleSa bg fq pk bG fx pK
li), beCi
beCi (uykuo), dolia
dolia (urqo pirutKvi), durbe bela (Tbili,
durbela dg Tq tk dG Tx tK
ugemuri wKali), Terzu zuli (daxnuli miwa), kanTa
Terzuli Tala (uwiTlesi),
kanTala Zg cq wk ZG cx wK
keSi (uxeSi), kermux
keSi muxti (myle) kipru
kermuxti ruyi (Zalian xmeli, magari),
kipruyi Jg Cq yk JG Cx yK
leKeci (umi), luti
luti (ugemuri), mure reSai (wiTel–Savi), saGirai
mureSai lazuri
(SublTeTri pirutKvi), ubari ubari (gamouKenebeli), ugvi
ugvi (berwi), A B
vani (mitovebuli adgili), ugla
ugva
ugvani garJi (tlanqi), urge
uglagar
lagarJi urgebi
gebi
(gamousadegari), ura (uwvrTneli), uƒmari uƒmari (gamouKenebeli), bg; fq; bG; fx; pK;
ferdedela (SavTeTrad yreli pirutKvi), faSa
ferdela Sari (uxeSi), finTi
faSari finTi bg>mbg>mg fq>mfq>mq; pk mbG>mG; fx>mfx; pK>pk
(avi, boroti), Gurka kani (mxrebSi waxrili; ukuGmarTi), Kafarai
Gurkani Kafarai bg//mg fq>mq>q bG>mG; bG>mG>G fx>mx pK>pk>k; pK>p
(TavSiSveli), KaKvi (metad Savi; yuyKiani), Kinto tori (Zalian ci-
Kintori dg Tq tk dG Tx tK
vi), Colfo foti (ugemovno), Clongi
Colfoti Clongi (blagvi), Cubi bini (kargad,
Cubini Zg cq wk ZG cx wK
Sors mxedveli), yoye
yoye (wKliani, dayaobebuli adgili), xrilai xrilai Jg Cq yk JG Cx yK

69 70
 sistemis modelis CamoKalibeba eqvemdebareba fonotaqti- saxiT CamoKalibda. es aris iranuli administraciuli da so-
kis wesebs, magram fonetikuri substancia SeiZleba daemorCi- ciolingvisturi modelebi, romelTa saTavec aqemenidTa impe-
los cvlilebebs. amitom gaugebaria ratom ar mogvepoveba sa- riis epoqaSia povnieri da romlebic garkveuli modifikacie-
kmarisi safuZveli harmoniul JgufTa labialuri rigis postu- biT dGemde funqcionireben.
lirebisaTvis megrulSi da ratom unda davtovoT isini sqemis rogor paradoqsuladac ar unda jGerdes, aqemenidTa
gareSe, rogorc arakanonikuri Jgufebi. (mogvianebiT ki arSakidTa da sasanidTa) irani warmoadgenda
zanuri fonologiuri sistemis TvalsazrisiT sistemis feodalur federacias, Tu sulac konfederacias ara _ uc-
wevrebi ganicdian transformacias, magram fonotaqtikuri mo- nobs msoflios politikur istoriaSi. axali iranuli Tu
deli stabiluri rCeba qarTulis mimarT, rac uflebas gvaZ- ucxoenovani qveKnis (resp. saxelmwifos) daKrobisas irani, ro-
levs vivaraudoT, rom harmoniul kompleqsTa Jgufebi gorc wesi, cvlida mxolod maTi saxelmwifoebriobis da da-
CamoKalibda qarTvelur dialeqtTa erTianobis epoqaSi. moukideblobis xarisxs, magram ar cvlida SemoerTebuli teri-
harmoniul JgufTa A da B sistemebi mKaria da dadastu- toriis saxelwodebas, sazGvrebs da mmarTvel samefo dinastia-
rebuli arian Kvela qarTvelur enebSi da erTnairi paradigma- sac ki. iranis mefeTa tituli iKo `Sahin-Sahi~ anu mefeT-mefe,
tuli sixSiriT ar xasiaTdebian. amave dros fonotaqtikis radgan iranis imperiaSi Semaval qveKnebs sakuTari Sahebi anu
TvalsazrisiT maTi fonetikuri substanciis gardaqmnebi kano- mefeebi hKavdaT.
nikuri struqturis farglebs ar scildeba. Kvela am qveKnis, romelTa erTi nawili arairanulenovani
iKo, erT saxelmwifod integraciisa da sxvadasxva enaze me-
tKvel eTnosTa erT erad formirebisaTvis, aucilebeli iKo
sagangebo sociolingvisturi modelis CamoKalibeba da iranma
Seqmna aseTi modeli _ sruliad unikaluri da uprecedento:
mixeil qurdiani
enaTa funqciebi gaiKo, gaimiJna anu moxda maTi ranjireba _ sa-
xelmwifo enam (elamurma, arameulma, Zvelma sparsulma, saSu-
uZve
uZvele
velesi
lesi iranu
iranuli
nuli soci
socio
ciolingvis
lingvistu
gvisturi
turi mode
modeli
deli alma sparsulma, axalma sparsulma) aiGo Tavze polivalentu-
da misi
misi mniSvne
mniSvnelo
vneloba
loba mezo
mezobe
zobeli
beli qveKnebis
qveKnebis enobri
enobrivi
rivi
poli ri funqcia (kancelariis, religiis, mecnierebis, ganaTlebis,
politi
litikis
tikis for
formire
mireba
rebaze
baze
(saqarTvelos magaliTze) mxatvruli literaturis, eTnosTaSorisi urTierTobis ena da
sxv.), magram Kvela danarCen umwerlobo enas SeunarCunda Si-
aqemenidTa patara monoeTnikuri da monolingvuri qveK- daeTnikur urTierTobaTa enis funqcia (oJaxisa da folklo-
nis did polieTnikur da multilingvur iranis imperiad gada- ris ena da sxv.) da saxelmwifo ena ar cdilobda maT am fun-
qcevis procesSi mraval uprecedento socialur da kultu- qciaSi Carevas.
rul tradicias CaeKara safuZveli. am faqtorebma gadamwKveti enebi, romlebsac damwerlobis xangrZlivi, didi da
gavlena moaxdines iranis msoflio imperiis mezobeli saxel- uwKveti tradicia hqondaT, romlebic manamde an odesme
mwifoebis ganviTarebaze da iqcnen iranuli saxelmwifos uc- aGyurvili iKvnen saxelmwifo enis funqciiT, cxadia SeZlebis-
vlel markerebad. dagvarad cdilobdnen konkurencia gaewiaT axali saxelmwifo
erTi aseTi unikaluri tradicia binaruli struqturis enisaTvis. amitom es enebi Sediodnen saxelmwifo enasTan kon-

71 72
fliqtSi da rogorc wesi eqvemdebarebodnen represiebs saxel-
mwifos mxridan. sruliad sxva situacia iKo umwerlobo enebis
SemTxvevaSi: isini ar warmoadgendnen saxelmwifo enis opozici-
as, ar acxadebdnen pretenzias romelime oficialur sferoSi
saxelmwifo enis Canacvlebaze da, Sesabamisad, arc represirde-
bodnen.
sociolingvisturi modeli, romelic CamoKalibda iranSi,
SeiZleba daxasiaTebuli iqnes rogorc diglosiuri bilingviz-
mi (sadac diglosia gagebul unda iqnes rogorc enaTa ierar-
qia prestijulobis mixedviT, xolo bilingvizmi _ rogorc sa-
valdebulo codna an Tundac gamoKeneba ori enisa).
am modelma: a) moaxdina konsolidacia (resp. integracia)
iranis saxelmwifoSi mcxovrebi Kvela eTnosisa erT erad;
b) daicva, gnebavT, gadaarCina umwerlobo enebi, raki moixsna
enaTa konkurencia, radgan kompetenciebi saxelmwifo da patua
enebs Soris mkacrad iKo ganawilebuli funqcionirebis sfero-
Ta mixedviT. irani aGmoCnda erTaderTi imperia, romelSic Se-
narCunebul iqna TiTqmis Kvela umwerlobo ena, romlebic sa-
sanidebis epoqidan moKolebuli, CvenTvis cnobil wKaroebSi
isKvnen moxseniebulni (qurTuli, gilanuri, TaliSuri, TaTu-
ri, beluJuri da sxv.)
elinistur epoqaSi (Zv. w. 303-302 wlebSi) CamoKalibebu-
li qarTuli (resp. sruliad qarTuli) saxelmwifos Semqmnelma
mefe farnavazma qarTuli matianeebis Tanaxmad saxelmwifos ad-
ministraciuli mowKobis modeli iranisgan aiGo: ~esreT gana-
wesa ese soveli farnavaz mimsgavsebulad samefosa sparsTasa~
(`qarTlis cxovreba~, I, 1955: 25). misganve gadmoiGo socio-
lingvisturi modelic.
saqarTvelos samefo, iseve, rogorc mis nimuSad aGebuli
aqemeniduri irani, feodalur federacias warmoadgenda da Se-
sabamisad saqarTvelos mefeTa, iseve, rogorc iranis mefeTa
tituli iKo mefeT-mefe, radgan saqarTvelos gaerTianebul sa-
mefoSi Semaval qveKnebs sakuTari mefeebic hKavdaT.
farnavazma mis gaerTianebul samefoSi Semaval Kvela er-
73
Teuls SeunarCuna saxeli, administraciuli sazGvrebi, mmar-
Tveli dinastia, saSinao saqmeebSi TviTmmarTveloba da a.S. sa-
interesoa rom am teritoriebma Tavisi administraciuli sa-
zGvrebiTa da saxelwodebebiT dGemde moaGwies da rodesac me-
feT-mefe daviT aGmaSenebelma (1089-1125) saqarTvelo imperiad
aqcia da mis sazGvrebSi moaqcia bevri sxva qarTveluri da
araqarTveluri tomebiT dasaxlebuli qveKnebi, man Caatara re-
forma, darios I-is reformis tipisa, gaamsxvila administraci-
uli erTeulebi da daniSna maTSi araadgilobrivi gubernato-
rebi, magram am gamsxvilebul erTeulebSi SeKvanili qveKnebis
tradiciuli sazGvrebi ar Seucvlia.
mefeT-mefe farnavazis mier Zv.w. 284 wels saxelmwifo
enad gamocxadebuli qarTuli _ gaxda saxelmwifo ena ara mxo-
lod am sitKvis viwro mniSvnelobiT, anu samefo kancelariis
ena, aramed is aGiyurva polivalenturi funqciiT da gaxda
ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, literaturis, kulturisa da religi-
is erTaderTi ena qarTul saxelmwifoSi da asea dGemde (afxa-
zeTis avtonomiaSi qarTul enasTan erTad saxelmwifo enis
funqciiT aGyurvilia afxazuri enac).
imjamindel saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi gaerTianebuli
mcire qveKnebis Kvela enam (da dialeqtma) gaiTavisa saxelmwi-
fo enis sociolingvisturi dialeqtis (patua enis) statusi
da Kvela maTganma ugamonaklisod moaGwia dGemde (qarTveluri
enebidan: svanurma da zanurma anu megrul-lazurma, bacburma,
romelic iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa oJaxis naxur-daGestnuri
Jgufis naxuri qveJgufis erT-erTi enaa da sxv.) xolo Kvela
es tomebi erTian da ganuKofel qarTvel ers Seadgenen.
interess moklebuli ar unda iKos is faqtic, rom ar-
cTu Soreul warsulSi, XIX saukunis 30-an wlebSi am, ukve
iranul-qarTuli, sociolingvisturi modelis realizacia ki-
dev erTxel moxda kavkasiaSi, kerZod daGestanSi sadac xunZur-
andiur-didour enebze metKveli xalxebis erT erad konsoli-
dacia daiwKo xunZuri koines `bol maw~-is anu `Jaris enis~ sa-
fuZvelze da minimum 14, komparativistuli TvalsazrisiT
74
ueyveli ena, romlebic umwerloboa, ganarZobs arsebobas xun- wami Zvel qarTulSi polisemantikuria da aGniSnavs: er-
wami
Zuri oficialuri (resp. saliteraturo) enis sociolingvistu- Ti mxriv _ `Tvalis quTuToT niSnebas~ (sulxan-saba), `wam-
ri dialeqtis statusiT, xolo am patua-enebze metKveli to- wams~, `daxamxamebas~, `Tvals~, meore mxriv _ `sasworis uGlis
mebi xunZi eris warmomadgenlebad aGiricxebian. Suaze aGmarTul isars~ da mesame mxriv _ dGevandel `wuTs~.
swored wami
wami `wamwami; daxamxameba~ aris amosavali kalendaru-
li terminisaTvis wamiwami (Sdr. Zveli qarTuli wam- wam-wam `drodad-
ro~).
Zvelsave qarTulSi wami wami-sgan
mi momdinarea zmnebi: wamis
wamis-
mis-
medea Glonti
Kofa `TvaliT niSneba; Sexedva~, wamwa meba `Tvalis Cakvra,
wamwame
wameba
(mi)niSneba~); aseve wame
wameba
meba,
ba, mowa me-Kofa `damowmeba; dasturi;
mowame
wame-
wuTis
wuTis seman
semanti
mantiku
tikuri
kuri funqci
funqcii
qciisaTvis
saTvis qarTul
qarTulSi
TulSi
martviloba~ (i. abulaZe, z. sarJvelaZe).
sulxan-saba orbelianis `leqsikon qarTulSi~ Semonaxu- Ti: g. rogava miuTiTebs, rom wuTis
wuTi
wuTi: wuTis (rogorc wamiswamis)
mis
lia leqsikur-kalendaruli metaTezisis erTi ucnauri faqti: amosavali semantika ufro konkretuli sagnis aGmniSvnelTan
`wu
wuTi (1 mef. 14, 9) _ wamTan naxe. erTi wami sameoci wuTia.
wuTi aris dakavSirebuli, kerZod: qarT. wuTi wuTi `drois umciresi mo-
erTi wami sameoc wuTad ganiKofvebian~. `wa wami _ aqvs Jamsa er-
wami nakveTi~ momdinareobs wue wueTa `wveTavs~, wueT eT-i `wveTi~-dan
wueT-
Tsa wami samoci; xolo erTsa wamsa _ wuTi samoci; wuTsa er- (Sdr. laT. minutes `mcire, patara, wvrili~).
Tsa _ kesi...~ qarTuli wueT
wueT-is
eT megrul SesatKviss yvaT-i/yveT yveT `wveTi~
yvaT yveT-
rogorc vxedavT, XVIII saukunis damdegisTvis qarTulSi da lazur yveT-
yveT-/yuT
yuT-s (o-yuT
yuT- yuT-u-a
yuT `sawveTuri~) ar miuGia wu- wu-
wuTiT aGiniSneboda dGevandeli wami
wuTiT mi, da winaukmod _ wami
wami, wami Tis mniSvneloba. lazuris semantika nawilobriv sxvaobs: -yvaT yvaT-
yvaT
dGevandeli wuTis
wuTis aGmniSvneli iKo. amave saleqsikono uwKebas al-a/o-yuT
yuT-a-ra
yuT `sanagve~ (qarTuli da megruli enebis masalis
gvawvdis daviT CubinaSvili. SesatKvisoba daadgina al. cagarelma; *wu eT-/wuT
*wueT
wueT- wuT- arqetipebi
wuT-
KuradGebas iqcevs wuTi Tisa da wamis
wuTisa wamis semantikur funqcia- qarTul-lazuri erTianobis xanisaTvis aGadgina g. klimovma).
Ta gadanawileba, viTarca motivireba wuT- wuT- da wam-
wam- fuZeTa Se- i. KifSiZis miTiTebiT, megruli wun wunTi `wuTi~ qarTuli warmo-
mcveli ramdenime leqsikuri erTeulis saxeldebisa. mavlobisaa (
wuTi
wuTi _ n-s ganviTarebiT).
mi: g. rogava ar miiCnevs sarwmunod qarT. wam-
wami
wami: wam `wamis~ meore mxriv, variantebi wueT wuT- (umarcvlo u-Ti)
wueT-/wuT
eT wuT-
da megr. wum-/wun
wum wun-
wun - (meore komponenti kompozitisa aka-
aka-wunTs amosavalSi zmnur Zirad aris miCneuli (Zv. qarT. wueT eT-/wuT
wueT- wuT-
wuT-:
`erT-wuTs~) `wamis~ SesatKvisobas (al. cagareli, i. KifSiZe), wueT
wueT-i;
eT wueT
wueT-av-s;
eT s-wuT
wuT-i-s).
wuT igi qarTulSi daedo safuZvlad
da gamoavlens kanonzomier SesatKvisebs: qarT. wam- wam `wami, dro- axal kalendarul leqsikur erTeuls wuT-i wuT `wuTi~, romlis
is umciresi erTeuli~, romelic amosavalia zanurisaTvis SesatKvisi qarTvelur enebSi ar dasturdeba. amasTan, wuTi wuTi,
Ti,
yum-e,
yum yum-an-i
yum `dila~, o-yum
yum-ar-e
yum `xval~ da svanurisaTvis ham-
ham Tavisi Tavdapirveli semantikiT, gamoxatavda ara drois kon-
`dila~, hams `dilas~ (zanuris kanonzomieri svanuri korelati kretul monakveTs, aramed drouli monakveTis simcires _
daadgina k. Smidtma). qarTuli wamis
wamis `drois umciresi monakve- `mcire xniT, droebiT~: wuT(Ga Ga `cotaGa~; wuTerT
wuT Ga) wuTerT `cota,
Ti~ tipologiur paralelad saxeldeba laT. secunda `meo- mcired; male, droebiT~ (a. arabuli).
re~; moZv. `wami~. am mxriv sagulisxmoa wmida ioanes saxarebis mTawmidise-

75 76
ul redaqciaSi dafiqsirebuli mcired jam, romliTac Senac-
mcired jam, `es sofelia~, anu saaqaoa. igi miuTiTebs wKaros wmida pavles
vlebulia wuTerT
wuTerT (ioane 13, 33).. mcired
mcired jam zedmiwevniTi epistoledan 2 korinTelTa mimarT (4, 17): `rameTu sawu sawuTo
wuToÁ
ToÁ
Targmania Zveli berZnuli mikrosmikros, mikron `mcire, mcired~-isa.
ros, mikron ese mcire yiri Cueni gardametebulsa da gardareulsa didsa
wuTi
wuTi da wami mi: am ori kalendaruli terminis amosavali
wami: didebasa saukunesa Seiqms CuenT‚s~. sakuTriv sofels
sofels qarTve-
semantika marTlac konkretul saganTa aGmniSvnelebTan aris li leqsikografi amgvarad ganmartavs: `so feli sam saxed iT-
sofe
sofeli
dakavSirebuli (wu wuTi `drois umciresi erTeuli~
wue
wuTi wueTi qmis: sukuno igi sofeli da wuTisofeli da kacis bunebac
`wveTi~, wue
wueTa `wveTva~; wamiwami `drois mcire erTeuli~
wami wami soflad iTqmis. sofefeli ewodebis sruliad sawuTrosa~. sawu
sofeli sawu-
wu-
`wamwami; daxamxameba~). magram wuT-
wuT-isa da wam-
wam-is,, aseve am fuZe- To gaswvriv ki `leqsikon qarTulSi~ sagulisxmodaa Caweri-
To-s
Tagan nawarmoeb leqsikur erTeulTa semantikis ganviTarebis li: `wuTis xnisa, gina es sofeli~.
(mniSvnelobis gadawevis da semantikuri funqciis gafarToebis) axla ukve gasagebi xdeba, Tu ra mizeziT ar mogvepoveba
analizma cxadKo, rom ukve Zvel qarTulSi wuTiT TiT, aseve wuTis
wuTiT, wuTis saaqaos, ama soflis, qveKnis aGmniSvnelad leqsikuri erTeule-
Semcveli leqsikuri erTeulebiT, umTavresad gadmoicema mKi- mKi- bi _ wami-sofeli an sawamo! da sawu wuTos (sa
sawuTos sawuT
sawuTros
wuTros),
ros wuTi
wuTi-
Ti-
sie
sieroba
roba,
ba, merKe
merKeo
rKeoba,
ba, xanmok
xanmokle
mokleo
leoba,
ba, droe
droebiTo
biToba
Toba,
ba, warmav
warmavlo
mavloba
loba _ soflis saxeldebisas ratom SeCerda qarTveli sitKvaTSemoqme-
soflis
saaqaosi, wuTisoflisa, Sdr.: dis arCevani ara wam ze aramed swored wuTze
wamze, wuTze _ saaTobriv-
Zv. qarT. wuTi
wuTi `wuTieri; warmavali~, wuTa Tadi `wuTieri,
wuTadi kalendaruli sistemis mcire sazomi erTeulis aGmniSvnel im
droebiTi~, wuTer
wuTerToToba `warmavloba~, wuTis
TerToba wuTisSi
TisSina gani `wuTieri;
Sinaga
nagani terminze, romelmac itvirTa semantikuri funqcia xanmok
xanmokle
mokleo
leo-
xanmokle~, wuTja jami `wuTieri~, wuTja
wuTjami moba `xanmokleoba~, wu-
wuTjamo
jamoba wu- bisa
bisa,
sa, droe
droebiTo bisa da warmav
biTobi
Tobisa warmavlo
mavlobi
lobisasa, anu ama soflis, saaqa-
bisa,
TerT `cota; mcired; male; droebiT~, wuT- wuT-wuT `xSirad~, sa- sa- os bunebis gamomxatveli umTavresi maxasiaTeblisa.
wuTro
wuTro,
ro, sawuwuTo `droebiTi, warmavali; saaqao, wuTisofeli~.
sawuTo
wuTis
wuTisgan
Tis gan gansxvavebiT, mi, miuxedavad Tavisi polisemantiku-
wami
wami,
robisa, ar ukavSirdeba warmav lobas da arc msgavs semantikur
warmavlo
mavlobas
funqcias itvirTavs.
wuT-isa da wam-
wuT- wam-is semantikur funqciaTa amgvari gadana-
vaja Sengelia
wilebis utyuar mowmed gvesaxeba SesaniSnavi qarTuli sityva
_ wuTi
wuTiso
Tisofe li, Zveli qarTuli sofe
sofeli
feli, li, igive sawuT
sofeli
feli, sawuTro
wuTro,
ro, sa-sa- fragmen
fragmente
mentebi
tebi mogo
mogone
gonebi
nebidan
bidan akade
akademi
demikos
mikos
To. Zveli qarTuli zedsarTavi saxeli sawuT
wuTo
wuTo. sawuTro
wuTro,
ro, sawu
sawuTo
wuTo arnold
arnold Ciqo
Ciqoba
qobava
bavaze
vaze.
ze XXIX-XXXVI
`wuTieri, droebiTi, warmavali~ imavdroulad aGmniSvnelia
`saaqaosi, wuTisoflisa~ (Sdr. Zveli qarTuli grZel- grZel-sawuT
sawuT-
wuT- XXXIX. arn. Ciqobava specialistebis mier gamoTqmul
ro `xnieri; dGegrZeli~): `nu iKofin Senda GmerT sawuT sawuTro
wuTro axal da argumentirebul mosazrebebs interesiT da gagebiT
[=warmavali]~ (fsalmunni 80, 10); `SegcodeT, viTarca kacTa xvdeboda, miesalmeboda, magram dausabuTebel Tvalsazriss ver
sawuT
sawuTro
wuTroÁ saTa [=wuTisoflisa] da soflis-moKuareTa~ (`wmida
roÁsaTa egueboda. erTxel (70-ian wlebSi) Cvens institutSi sakavSiro
SuSanikis martviloba~). samecniero konferencia gaimarTa dialeqtologiisa da enis is-
Zveli qarTuli sofe feli aGniSnavda `samKaros; qveKanas;
sofeli toriis sakiTxebze. konferenciaSi, qarTvel mecnierebTan er-
mxares; samTavros; mamuls; dabas~. sulxan-sabasTvis sawuT sawuTro
wuTro Tad, monawileobas iGebdnen kolegebi kavkasiis sxvadasxva regi-

77 78
onidan, moskovidan, leningradidan, kievidan, kiSinovidan... ram-
denime axalgazrda gamovida moxsenebebiT, romlebSic, rbilad
rom vTqvaT, Tamami, magram dausabuTebeli Tvalsazrisebi iKo
gamoTqmuli, Tanac ise, rom sxva mecnierTa azri ganxilul sa-
kiTxze ar iKo saTanadod gaTvaliswinebuli. b-ma arnoldma Se-
maJamebel sitKvaSi, romelSic konferenciaze wakiTxul moxsene-
baTa av-kargze iKo msJeloba, aGniSna: В науке нужна смелость, а не
храбрость... Кавалерийские наскоки тут могут иметь только временные
успехи... bunebrivia, Kvela mixvda, visi misamarTiTac iKo naTqvami
es sitKvebi...
XXX. enaTmecnierul muSaobas arn. Ciqobava udarebda me-
maGaroisa da metalurgis Sromas; aGniSnavda, rom enaTmecni-
ers enobrivi madnis mopovebac uxdeba (memaGarois msgavsad) da
misi gadamuSavebac (metalurgis msgavsad). yeSmariti enaTmecni-
eri am ori saxis samuSaos organulad unda uxamebdeso...
XXXI. cnobili saenaTmecniero diskusiis wina periodSi
erT-erTi Sexvedrisas stalins ukiTxavs: moskovis universite-
tis filologiis fakultetis dekani vin ariso?
arn. Ciqobava: profesori Cemodanovi.
stalini: ra kacia es Cemodanovi?
arn. Ciqobava: piradad ar vicnob, magram erTi wigni aqvs
enaTmecnierebaSi sxvasTan TanaavtorobiT...
Semdeg, politbiuros wevrebis Sekrebaze stalins ganu-
cxadebia: Cemodanovi moskovis universitetSi dekanad muSaobs,
vinogradovi ki zis (gadasaxlebulia), es rogor SeiZlebao...
ramdenime dGeSi v. vinogradovi moskovSi daabrunes da
filologiis fakultetis dekanad da enaTmecnierebis insti-
tutis direqtorad daniSnes, ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis aka-
demikos-mdivanic gaxda...
akad. v. vinogradovi xSirad umeorebda b-n arnolds:
Tqven gadamarCineT, kacad maqcieTo... moskovSi Casvlisas sa-
dgurSi xvdeboda, Sinac epatijeboda, gamomgzavrebisas acileb-
79
da... eubneboda: akademikosad unda wargadginoTo... imdenJer ga-
umeorebia, rom b-n arnolds erTxelac ironiiT miugia: me er-
Ti ubralo glexis Svili var da Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-
sitetis profesorad rom viTvlebi, CemTvis esec zedmetiao...
b-n arnoldis komentari: etKoba, eloda Cemgan, rom
vetKodi, oGond Tqven es gaakeTeT da Tqveni survilis amsru-
lebeli viqnebio.
XXXI. arn. Ciqobavas ramdenJerme SesTavazes ssrk mecnie-
rebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondentad wardgena, magram man
mtkice uari ganucxada... me saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
akademikosi var da amaze rom davTanxmde, Cveni akademiis Seu-
racxKofa iqnebao...
XXXII. saenaTmecniero diskusiamde arn. Ciqobavas enaT-
mecnierTa garkveuli Jgufi imis gamo ebrZoda, rom n. maris
`axal saenaTmecniero moZGvrebas~ _ `erTaderT marqsistul
moZGvrebas~, ar iziarebda da sakmaod mwvaved akritikebda. dis-
kusiis Semdeg aGniSnuli adamianebis nawili saKvedurs gamo-
Tqvamda: mars arasakmaod akritikebso. maT Sesaxeb b-ni arnol-
di sinanulnarevi ironiiT ambobda: iumoris grZnoba akliaTo...
XXXIII. politbiuros zemoaGniSnul Sekrebaze moloto-
vi, sanam stalini Semovidoda, GimiliT imeorebda n. maris
oTxi elementis saxelebs: sal, ber, on, roS... sal, ber, on,
roS... sal, ber, on, roS (arn. Ciqobavas sadiskusio werili
hqonda wakiTxuli). sxvebi mdumared isxdnen. stalinis Semo-
svlis Semdeg isic dadumda...
XXXIV. arn. Ciqobavas mraval did mecnierTan akavSireb-
da megobruli urTierToba, maT Soris _ did qarTvel mecni-
erTan, fiziolog iv. beritaSvilTan. erTxel iv. beritaSvili
meuGlesTan erTad swvevia b-n arnolds oqroKanaSi. sakmaod
xangrZlivi saubris Semdeg b-n ivanes winadadebiT mTawmindis
80
parkisken gauseirniaT (b-ni arnoldi, b-ni ivane da maTi
meuGleebi). karuselebTan rom misulan, b-n ivanes SeuTavaze-
bia: karuselze davsxdeTo _ laparakia e. w. `eSmakis borbal-
ze~. didxans uarobda b-ni arnoldi, magram bolos daTanxmebu-
la (qalbatonebi dabla darCnen)... saubarSi garTulebs da-
viwKebiT Turme Camosvla da meore wreze wasulan... q-ni T. Kia-
saSvili amas rom miambobda, b-ni arnoldi CaerTo da TiTqos
moibodiSa: ucnauri kaci iKo ivane, mTxova da uari ver vuTxa-
rio...
XXXV. b-ni arnoldi quTaisSi sadalaqos ewvia erTxel
dalaqi Tan parsavs erT moqalaqes, Tan iqve mJdom pirs xma-
maGla elaparakeba. amasobaSi ramdenime adgilas kanic gauyra...
klienti aGSfoTebiT uKviris: Tqven, batono, etKoba ordenis
miGeba gindaT Cemi Kelis gamoyraSio...
dalaqi: biZia, me Tqveni ganaTlebisaTvis vzrunav, Tvara
am bikentias KoveldGe vxvdebi, karis mezobelia Cemio...
b-ni arnoldi: enakvimati xalxia quTaiselebio.
XXXVI. mamaCemi _ grigol Sengelia, romelmac 1930
wels daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, TxuTmeti
wlis ganmavlobaSi (gardacvalebamde) aswavlida qarTul enasa
da literaturas erwo-TianeTSi, manglisSi, TbilisSi... amas-
Tan, samecniero muSaobasac eweoda; ekuTvnis werilebi qarTu-
li enisa da literaturis swavlebis sakiTxebze; ori wignis
Tanaavtoric aris (gr. Sengelias Sesaxeb patara statia qarTu-
li enciklopediis me-10 tomSi daibeyda _ arn. Ciqobavas wina-
dadebiT). xSirad stumrobda Tavis maswavlebels _ arn. Ciqo-
bavas erTi suraTic SemomrCa, sadac b-n arnoldis binaSi magi-
das usxedan: b-ni arnoldi, q-ni Tamari, b-ni arnoldis da _
ivlita da mamaCemi (suraTi q-n q. lomTaTiZes gadauGia).
1938 wels mamaCems daumTavrebia wigni `metKvelebis gan-
viTarebisaTvis saSualo skolaSi~ (Tanaavtori _ p. xubutia)
gamocemamde wigni sarecenziod gadauciaT ramdenime pirisa-
81
Tvis, maT Soris _ arn. CiqobavasaTvisac. mamaCemis arqivSi
Semonaxulia es recenzia... b-ni arnoldi mokled axasiaTebs
wigns, laparakobs mis naklovanebaTa Sesaxeb, xolo daskvnis sa-
xiT aGniSnavs: `wignSi ganxilulia Kvela is sakiTxi, romelsac
miznad aqvs moswavlis metKvelebis ganviTareba. amdenadve wigni
aqtualur sakiTxebs exeba. wigni damuSavebulia keTilsindisie-
rad da Cveni saSualo skolisaTvis sargeblobis motana SeuZ-
lia... saTanado SesworebaTa Setanis Semdeg wigni SeiZleba da-
ibeydos: igi sasargeblo damxmare wigni iqneba saSualo skoli-
saTvis~.
revaz Serozia
`ve
vefxistKaos
vefxistKaosnis
fxistKaosnis leqsi
leqsiki
sikidan
kidan~
dan II
1. poemaSi sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba dia sitKva. sxvadasxva
konteqstSi mas ramdenime mniSvneloba aqvs: diaG, diaGac, ra
Tqma unda, oGondac, gacilebiT; Zalian, Zlier; bevri; bevrad
(ix. n. naTaZis `vefxistKaosnis~ saskolo gamocema, 1986):
dia gasca saboZvari 123.3 (bevri)
viTa Smagi SevkrTi dia 356.3 (Zalian, Zlier)
yirni, misgan unaxavni, dia, vismca garduxdian?! 754,4 (di-
aleqtur)
movaxsene: `dia, GmerTo, brZaneba vqmna meca Tqveni~ 435.3 (diaG)
dia, GmerTo, brZanebaa ege Tqveni 1172.4 (diaG, ra Tqma un-
da)
dia, GmerTo, winaSe var, ese Cemgan dadasturda 1534.4
(diaG, oGondac)
Tvara me Cemda, ig misda, dia sJobs kidis–kidoba 1496.4
(gacilebiT, diaGac) . . .
gamomcemel-komentatoris ganmartebebi (frCxilebSi Ca-
82
smuli sitKvebi) SeiZleba rig SemTxvevaSi dasazustebeli iKos. iza C a n t l a Z e, g u b a z vaniliSi
2. `vefxistKaosnis~ garda dia Zvel qarTvelur mwerlo-
baSi dadasturebuli aqvs z. sarJvelaZes: `dia Zlier. dia msu- lazur
lazur tipo
tiponim
ponimTa tema ,,di
nimTa siste
sistema didi
didi nena
nenafo
nafonas
fonas~
nas
roda SenTvis~. igive forma Setanilia `sitKvis konaSi~. aq mixed
mixedviT
xedviT
`diaG~ da `bevri~ mniSvnelobiT dia or sxvadasxva erTeulad
aris warmodgenili. aqvea dia
diadi,
di idia
idiada,
da diaG, diamc . . .
diaG diamc 2000 wels qalaq froidenStatSi kavkasiis gamomcemlobam
formebi. es ukanaskneli sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT aris dabeyda oTxenovani (lazur-germanul-Turqul-qarTuli) leq-
`mKofobis sacilebeli~, xolo xevsurulSi igi `did-didis~ sikono, romelsac ,,didi lazuri leqsikoni~ hqvia, Tumca 148
aGmniSvnelia (xevs. leqsikoni). diaG (`friadsaviT~, saba), a. gverds moicavs. wignis momzadebaSi monawileoba miiGo rva pi-
SaniZis mosazrebiT, momdinareobs `dia GmerTosagan~, Tavad rovnebam (tine amse-de iongi, yeme Cupina, volfgang foierStai-
dia ki _ diadi sitKvidan. Tu am mosazrebas gaviziarebT, gaur- ni, fahri kahramani, Jemal karadenizli, selma koCiva, ciala na-
kveveli rCeba, erTi mxriv, G-s warmomavloba da funqcia, meore rakiZe) germaniis, TurqeTisa da saqarTvelos respublikebidan.
mxriv, diad
diad Ziria Tu fuZe. maT Soris zogi enaTmecnieria, zogic _ biznesmeni. leqsikonis
3. a. SaniZis mixedviT, dia
diadi ← did-ad-i) g. klimovis publikacia ekuTvnis golfgang foierStains, xolo naSromi mi-
TvalsazrisiT did reduplicirebuli fuZea. aseTi segmentacia eZGvna ,,lazuri enisa da kulturis ostats~ fahri kahramans,
Zirad di-s
di gamogvaKofinebs, rasac mxars dauyerda megrulis romelmac Kvelaze meti gaakeTa am wignis arsebobisaTvis, mag-
di (gakvirvebis gamomxatveli Sorisdebuli) dia,dia diTa
diTa,
Ta didu
didu;
du ram, samwuxarod mis gamocemamde gardaicvala.
dio
dioJer),
er dio
diode//di
de dio de formebi. amaTgan dia igive Cans, rac
diode... leqsikoni iwKeba fahri kahramanis daxasiaTebiT, romel-
`vefxistKaosnis~ dia:
dia sac Tan axlavs didi lazi swavlulis fotoc da misi cnobili
dia, GoronT(i), neba sqani!: `dia, GmerTo, neba Senia. . .~ gamonaTqvamic: laziSeni oxenon dido dulafe qoren (,,lazi-
amgvarad, dia forma identuria saliteraturo variantsa da saTvis gasakeTebeli didi saqmeebi aris~); da marTlac asea!
megrul metKvelebaSi. msgavsi viTareba gvaqvs di Zirisagan upirveles Kovlisa, Cven SevexebiT ,,didi nenafona~-Si
warmoqmnil didi
didi fuZis SemTxvevaSic. rac Seexeba megrulis warmodgenil lazur toponimebs. wigns axlavs germanulenovani
`dio~
dio da misgan nawarmoeb diodiode//d orde formebs, sarwmuno
de diorde winasitKvaoba, romlis mixedviTac lazuri nawilia samxreTkav-
ar unda iKos specialur literaturaSi fiqsirebuli mosazre- kasiur enaTa Jgufisa, romelsac ganekuTneba, agreTve, qarTu-
bebi: diorde<dio-dio r-s ganviTarebiT (i. KifSiZe) (m)dGua> li, megruli da svanuri. masSi oTxi didi dialeqti
dua/doa>dio (S. lomaia). gamoiKofa. esenia: aTinuri, arTaSenuli, arqabul-viwuri (an
Sualzuri) da xofuri. leqsemebs miwerili aqvT Sesabamisi di-
aleqturi formebi, maT Soris toponimebsac, Tumca, rasakvir-
velia, Kvela SemTxvevaSi oTxive monacemi miTiTebuli araa.
zogJer gamotovebulia qarTuli SesatKvisebic.
samwuxarod, lazuri toponimebi dGemde srulKofilad
ar aris Seswavlili. mxolod i. sixaruliZis monografia, ro-
melSic aGwerilia eTnografiul-istoriuli lazeTis toponi-

83 84
mika sofel kvariaTidan mdinare kalaSamde, sakmarisi ar ga- meuGlis gardacvalebis Semdeg, sxva mamakacTa mcirewlovanebis
xlavT. amJerad Cven SevecdebiT vimsJeloT ,,did lazur leqsi- gamo dad-i
dad i (,,bicola~, Sdr. qarTuli m-dad
dad e, da,
dad-e deida da a.
da dei
konSi~ Setanil toponimTa sistemis Sesaxeb: S.) iKo ufrosi. am mxriv sagulisxmoa agreTve, aTinaSi, sofel
rogorc cnobilia, Kvela qarTvelur enaSi aSkarad ig- fazarSi dadasturebuli toponimi dad-iv aT i, romlis Ziri
dad iv-aT
iv aT-i
rZnoba brunvaSi marTulmsazGvrelian toponimTa simravle _ da dad-ianian i’s amosavali fuZe SesaZloa ,,bicolas~ lazuri sa-
dad ian-i
igive viTarebaa lazurSic; amasTanave naTesaobiTi brunvis mo- xelwodebidan momdinareobdes, romelic, Tavis mxriv, saerTo-
rfema xan daculia, xanac mokvecili (srulad an nawilobriv): qarTveluri donisa Cans.
burbubu S-ox
burbu-S vame (,,Gamuras salocavi~), azoT-iS
oxva
oxvame iS Gali (,,azotis
azoT iS-Gali ,,lazeTSi~ (toponimi pirobiTia!) Zalze gavrcelebulia,
rele), bad-iS iS Kona (`bebris Kana~), bard-iS
bad iS-Kona iS Gali (,,zvinis<bar-
bard iS-Gali agreTve, atributuli msazGvrelis Semcvel kompozitTagan mo-
dis Gele~), Sdr. bard-i bard i-bi nex i (<*bard
binex
binex-i bard-iS
bard iS-bi nex i ,,veluri
iS binex
binex-i mdinare toponimebi, Cveulebriv, prepoziciuri wKobisa, magram
mcenaris venaxi, tani~, Sdr. KurZenKurZen-iS
Zen iS-bi nex i ,,KurZnis venaxi~),
iS binex
binex-i gvxvdeba postapoziciac: didi oJaGi magram: dobra
didi oJaGi, dobradi
radidi
didi<dob
di dob-
dob-
GeJ i-ta
GeJ-i talax
talax-on on a (<*GeJ
lax on-a GeJ-iS lax i), yerkez
GeJ iS talax
talax-i yerkez-i ofute (,,Cerqe-
kez iS ofute ra+
ra+didi
didi,
di Galdi
Galdidi
didi<Gal
di Gal-i didi da a. S.
Gal i didi
zis ubani~, dasaxleba; -C C>y
y fonetikuri gadasvla advili asax- lazur toponimTa warmoebaSi monawileoben derivaciuli
snelia lazurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli gamkveTrebis procesiT, afiqsebi (yu ber e-fu
yuber
yuber-e funa ,,wablinari~, no-binJ
funa en i ,,nabrinJali~,
no binJ-en
binJ en-i
romelic kidev ufro Sorsaa wasuli am toponimis reducire- no-ba gen e ,,na-nali-ev-i~, o-burb
no bagen
bagen-e burb e ,,saGamure~) an Tadebulebi
burb-e
bul variantSi yeke yeke-S pt e); o-fut
ke S o-pt
o pt-e fut e (Sdr. ayarul-gurul
fut-e (wkar mele ,,wKalgaGma~, ykon-i
wkar-me
wkar mele ykon i-ka
kala ,,muxasTan~, msqibu
kala msqibu-ka
bu kala
kala
fut (,,kvamli~) xSirad gamoiKeneba lazur toponimebSi kompo-
fut-i ,,wisqvilTan~) da a. S.
zitis meore komponentad (mar mar i-skir
mar-i skir-iS
skir iS<*mar
iS mar-iS
mar iS-skir
iS skir-iS
skir iS ofute
ofute zogJer erTi da imave geografiuli punqtisaTvis ori,
,,maris Svilis ubani~, dad-iS ofute ,,bicolas ubani~, xalba
dad iS ofute xalba-
ba erTimeorisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli saxelwodeba gvaqvs. ma-
S-iS
iS//xar
iS xarba ba S-iS
xarba-S ofute ,,xalbaSis<xalvaSis ubani~ da a. S.
iS ofute galiTad, sofel borCxaSi erTmaneTis paralelurad gvxvdeba
,,didi nenafonaSi~ gvxvdeba, agreTve, kompozituri agebu- xinJ i (,,orxidi~) da wkar-Ka
jur-xinJ
jur xinJ-i wkar Ka (<*wkari S Ka ,,wKlis toti).
wkari
wkari-S
lebis iseTi marTulsazGvreliani toponimebi, romelTa pirve- toponimebSi aisaxeba cocxal metKvelebaSi mimdinare fo-
li komponenti anTroponimuli warmomavlobisa unda iKos. ase- netikuri procesebic: r/l l sonorTa -Si gadasvla da mere
Tia, magaliTad ykem-iS
ykem iS-iS
iS iS Gali,
Gali top-iS iS ona <top-iS-èona<top-
top iS-ona srulad gaqroba damaxasiaTebelia megrul-lazurisaTvis. sana-
iS-Kona (,,topiSis Kana~); Sdr. lazuri gvarebi mem-iS iS i, van-
mem iS-iS
iS iS-i van lizo leqsikonis mixedviT, viwes (dGevandeli findikli) so-
il-iSiS i,...). agreTve: pap-aT
il iS-i aT i (sof. sarfi), pap-il
pap aT-i pap il-aTaT i (arqabi
il aT-i fel abuulaSi fiqsirebulia toponimi montra montrace ceri (,,mewKeri~
ntraceri
da aTina), Sdr. Zveli lazuri gvari papi papila
pila.
la < ,,mowKvetili~ < ,,damewKrili~), romelic sarfSic (saqarTve-
arqabeSi, sofel filargeSi, gvxvdeba metad saintereso los) gvxvdeba, oGond montra cei saxiT. arTaSenSi erTmane-
montracei
ntracei-s
toponimi dad-iS iS ona (,,bicolas Kana~), romelic unda momdina-
dad iS-ona Tis paralelurad gvaqvs dezafsikatizaciis procesis amsaxveli
reobdes *dad dad-iS
dad iS-è
iS èona<*dad
ona dad-iS
dad iS-Kona
iS Kona-sgan.
Kona igi saKuradreboa ara leqsemebi ZGemi>zGemi
zGemi xolo sofel baSqoiSi dadasturebu-
ZGemi zGemi,
mxolod lingvisturi, aramed eTnologiuri TvalsazrisiTac lia mxigi
mxigi da misgan asimilaciis gziT miGebuli fxigi fxigi aseve
dad-iS
dad iS o-fut fut e (,,bicolas komli~) da dad-iS
o fut-e dad iS o-xorxor i (,,bico-
o xor-i erTmaneTis paralelurad.
las saxli~) sintagmebTan erTad. amgvar toponimebsa Tu Se- aGniSnul leqsikonSi iSviaTad gaparulia Secdomebic:
sitKvebebs lazebi mxolod maSin qmnidnen, rodesac oJaxSi, sofel sarfSic (moleni sarfi) aris adgili, romelsac o-

85 86
yaGan e ewodeba (,,sa-kiboCxal-e~) Sdr. analogiuri o-Cxo
yaGan-e Cxomur
Cxomur-e
mur e fiis leqsikologiis~ gverdis avliT aGwevs da inarCunebs Ta-
o-Cxam-ur-e qobuleTis raionSi. sarfeli ar itKvis JaGans-s JaGans s vis masStaburobas. erTi SexedviT, amgvar viTarebas martivi
(,,kiborCxala~) an oJaGane-s,
oJaGane romelic gvxvdeba saanalizo leq- gamarTlebac SeiZleba moeZebnos imis gaxsenebiT, rom iKo dro,
sikonSi (gv. 102), Tumca specialur liratraturaSi dadastu- roca leqsikografia `leqsikologiis gerad~ iTvleboda, axla
rebulia rogorc oJaGane ise oyaGane-c
oyaGane (i. sixaruliZe). ki `leqsikografiis droa~. arada `axali leqsikografiuli si-
arqabsa da ardasenSi gamoiKeneba toponimebi si-der
der i, si-der
si der-i si der-
der tuacia~, isev samwuxarod, arc saxumaroa da arc revanSistu-
e (Sdr. Turq. dare ,,xeoba, mdinare~ da svanuri dere (,,naprali li. opozi
opozici
ziciu wKvili `leqsi
ciuri wKvili leqsikog
sikogra
kografi
rafiis
fiis leqsi
leqsiko
sikolo
kologia
logia~
gia da
KinulSi~); si-
si prefiqsis funqcia CvenTvis mTlad naTeli araa). `leq
leqsi
leqsikog
sikogra fiuli (Tu
kografi
rafiu Tu leqsi
leqsikog
sikogra
kografi
rafiis
fiis?!)
is indus
industria
dustria~
tria na-
na-
Cven xelT gvaqvs agreTve 2007 wels stambulSi gamocemu- mdvilad
mdvilad arasa
arasaxar
saxarbi
xarbie
bielo mdgoma
mdgomare
mareo Sia amis gaTvaliswine-
reobaSia
baSia.
li 1160 gverdis ,,didi lazuri nenapuna~, Sedgenili Turqi biT, zogadad lingvistikis da konkretulad leqsikologiisa
mkvlevarebis _ ismail buJakliSis, hasan uzunhasanoGlus da da leqsikografiis mizanmimarTulebebidan gamomdinare logi-
irfan aleqsivas _ mier. vapirebT gavagrZeloT muSaoba topo- kuria daisvas kiTxva: iqneb
iqneb leqsi
leqsiko
sikolo
kologi
logiu
giuri uzrun
uzrunvelKofa
runvelKofa
nimTa Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT ara mxolod leqsikonebis mi- leqsi
leqsikog
sikogra
kografi
rafiu
fiuli samu
samuSa
muSao
Saoebisa
bisa aGar aris upirve
upirvele si sain-
velesi
lesi?
xedviT, aramed adgilze (rogorc saqarTvelos, ise TurqeTis teresoa, ras gveubneba aGniSnul problemasTan mimarTebiT
teritoriaze dasaxlebul lazTa Soris) moviZioT Kvela makro sitKvis denotacia-konotaciis dialeqtika, bolosdabolos es
da mikrotoponimebi, raTa SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo uni- aris lingvistikis komptencia Tavisi leqsikologiiTa da leq-
versitetTan arsebuli qarTvelologiis institutis Tanam- sikografiiT?! TvalsaCinoebisaTvis moxsenebaSi am kuTxiT mimo-
SromlebTan erTad gamovceT lazur toponimTa vrceli akade- vixilavT qeglis axal saredaqcio samuSaoebs da axladredaq-
miuri leqsikoni. tirebul masalebs.
saanalizo masala mowmobs, rom swored denotaciisa da
konotaciis dialeqtika, misTvis niSandoblivi urTierTqmede-
biTa da urTierTgavleniT, warmodgenili saTanado leqsikog-
rafiuli aparatiT, aris is bazisi, romelic ganapirobebs Ta-
manana CaCaniZe
namedrove leqsikografias, rogorc mecnierebis dargs da ara
zogadad mis mecnierul formats. Tumca es ukanaskneli misive
deno
denota
notacia
tacia-ko
cia kono
konota
notaci
taciis
ciis dia
dialeqti
leqtika
tika da Tana
Tanamed
namedro
medrove
rove prezentabelurobidan gamomdinare dGes, rogorc arasdros,
leqsi
leqsikog
sikogra
kografi
rafiis
fiis tenden
tendenci
dencie
ciebi uaGresad aqtualuria. calsaxad unda iTqvas, rom denotacii-
sa da konotaciis dialeqtika mimarTulia leqsikografiis in-
sitKvis denotaciur da konotaciur mxareTa leqsikogra-
strumentulobis winaaGmdeg amjamad iseve, rogorc SedarebiT
fiuli deskrifcia, rogorc upirvelesi amocana leqsikografi-
adre igi warmatebiT upirispirdeboda leqsikografiis xelos-
uli damuSavebisa, umniSvnelovanesia lingvistikisaTvis. faq-
nobas.
tobrivad, es aris `leqsikografiis leqsikologia~, ZiriTadi
Sinaarsi leqsikografiuli mecnierebisa.
Tanamedrove leqsikografiuli industria, intensiurad
mzardi leqsikografiuli reestri, samwuxarod, `leqsikogra-

87 88
harun Cimqe 3. odnaobis semantikis gamomxatvel Se-
Se zmniswinian for-
maTa Turqulis masalasTan Sepirispirebis Sedegebis gaTvalis-
odna
odnao
naobis seman
semanti
mantikis
tikis Se- zmniswi
Se zmnis wini
winian
nian forma
formaTa
maTa wineba saintereso iqneba rogorc erTi enidan meore enaze
gadmoce
gadmocemis
cemis saSu
saSua
Sualeba
lebani
bani Turqul
TurqulSi
qulSi Targmnisas, aseve TargmniTi leqsikonebis Sedgenisas.

1. qarTuli enisagan gansxvavebiT, TurqulSi ar moipove-
ba zmniswinebi, rac zmniswinian formaTa qarTulidan Turqul-
ze gadatanis dros qmnis garkveul problemebs. winaaGmdegob-
rivia saleqsikono masalac. magaliTad, qarTul-Turquli da
Turqul-qarTuli leqsikonis mixedviT Sezid zidva Turqulad
Sezidva
asea Targmnili: raGacis SigniT zidva. Turquli enis ganmar-
tebiT leqsikonSi ki pirdapir sitKva Sezid zidvas ver vxvdebiT.
Sezidvas
esec SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom Turqul enaSi mimarTulebis
gamosaxatavad ixmareba mimarTulebis aGmniSvneli zmnisarTebi,
xolo zogadi moqmedeba gadmoicema masdariT. magaliTad: zid- zid-
va Turqulad asea ganmartebuli: Taşımak: 1. Bir şeyi bir yerden
başka bir yere götürmek. 2. Üstünde bulundurmak, romlis Targmania:
raGacis erTi adgilidan sxva adgilze waGeba, 2. Tan qona.
2. Se-
Se zmniswinis erT-erTi funqcia aris odnaobis gamo-
xatva. am semantikuri velis farglebSi gamoiKofa ramdenime sa-
qcevi: `odnav~, `cota, cotaTi~, `mcire/raGac xniT, erTgzis~,
`nawilobriv~, `zereled, Zlivs, TiTqmis~, `aqa-iq, alag-alag,
mcired~, `dawKebiToba, inxoativi~ (moqmedeba-procesis fazis
partitiuloba)... qarTulis Se- Se zmniswinian formaTa Sesabamisi
saqcevebis mixedviT Turqul masalasTan Sepirispirebas movax-
denT qegl-is masalaze daKrdnobiT. magaliTad: saqcevi `od od-
od-
nav Sesveldeba (biraz ıslanacak _ odnav dasveldeba), Sexuxavs
nav~:
(biraz ısıtacak _ odnav gaaTbobs), Seteniandeba (bıraz nemlenecek _
odnav nestiani gaxdeba), Serbildeba (bıraz yumuşayacak _ odnav
darbildeba), Seykneba (biraz solaacak _ odnav daykneba); saqcevi
`co
cota
co ta, co
ta cota Ti~: Seagviandeba (biraz gec kalacak _ cota xans da-
taTi
ta Ti
agviandeba), SearTmevs (Biraz azaltacak _ cotas Seaclis), Seasve-
nebs (biraz dınlenecek _ cota xans daasvenebs), Secotavdeba (biraz
azalacak _ cota gaxdeba)...
Seniavdeba /Seaniavebs (igivea, rac aaniavebs), SemSraldeba
(bıraz kuyacak) 2) saKrdeni
saKrdeni Seswmends(mowmends, mousufTavebs,
moumSralebs, Suxocavs (pirsaxociT, xelsaxociT))... (35 erT.);
3) saqce vi `dawKebiToba, inxoativi~ (moqmedeba-procesis fazis
saqcevi
qcevi:
partitiuloba): SefrTxialdeba (kanatlanmaya başlayacak), Se-
tokdeba (erTbaSad Seirxeva, SeinZreva), Serokdeba (oynamaya
başlayacak, Sekuntrucdeba, SeSindeba (SiSiT ganimsyvaleba, _
dafrTxeba, dafeTdeba; daSindeba), Semxiaruldeba (cotaTi ga-
mxiardeba)... (60 erT.); 4) saqce vi `aqa-iq, alag-alag, mcired~:
saqcevi
qcevi:
Sebandavs (ustunkörü saracak), Sesxeps (Seayris, Seakafavs (to-
tebs)), Seayris (mosyris rameze, _ Sesyris), SeatKavebs (zogan
tKavs Seaclis), Seferaddeba (feradi gaxdeba, sxva feri miece-
ma, _ SeiGebeba)... (8 erT); 5) saqce vi `mcire/raGac xniT, er-
saqcevi
qcevi:
Tgzis~: SeaCerebs (moZraobas droebiT SeuwKvets, cota xniT
gaaCerebs, SeaKenebs, SeaKovnebs) /SeCerdeba (kısa muddet duracak),
SeKovndeba (mcire xniT daKovndeba, _SeCerdeba, Sedgeba)
SewKvets (aGar ganagrZobs, _ SeaCerebs; gaaTavebs, daasrulebs,
gawKvets) /SeawKvetinebs (aiZulebs an saSualebas miscems
SewKvitos, _ SeaCerebinebs; ar daamTavrebinebs; gaawKvetinebs),
SeaKenebs (1. svlas siaruls an moZraobas SeawKvetinebs, _ gaa-
Cerebs, daaKenebs)... (5 erT.); 6) saqce vi `nawilobriv~: Seaswo-
saqcevi
qcevi:
rebs ((mcdars) gaasworebs, gamarTavs; SeakeTebs), Seasrulebs,
Sesxlavs(Seayris, Sekreys (totebs)), Seremontdeba (remonti
gaukeTdeba, _ garemontdeba, SekeTdeba) /Searemontebs (re-
monts gaukeTebs, _ SeakeTebs), Sebelavs (qveda totebs), Se-
Tvlis (informaciis nawils), SegleJs, Senaxevrdeba/Seanaxevrebs
(TiTqmis gaanaxevrebs; naxevramde daiKvasn)... (15 erT.); 7) sa-sa-
vi `zereled, Zlivs, TiTqmis~: Sebaravs, Sepotindeba (zorla
qcevi
qcevi:
çıkacak), SemTavrdeba (SeTavdeba, damTavrdeba)... (4 erT.).

89 90
merab Cuxua s.-nax. *fsar
fsar-←
fsar w.-nax. *s…ar
s…ar `saGamo~ (iCq. sar-ah٨, ing. sar-ah٨,
s…ar-
bacb. fsar-eh٨ `saGamos~, Sdr.: iCq. s‹-sar-a, ing. si-sar-a, bacb.
proto
protokav
tokavka
kavkasi
kasiu
siuri fuZe
fuZe-enis
Ze enis leqsi
leqsiku
sikuri
kuri si-fsr-eh٨ `guSinwin~) ~ hur.-urart. *S…er S…er (hurit. SŠrˆ
S…er-
Sedge
Sedgeni
dgenilo
nilobi saTvis (dro
lobisa
bisaTvis dro,
dro ca,
ca mnaTo
mnaTobe
Tobebi
bebi,
bi `saGamo; dasavleTi~) ~ s.-daG. *s…ar
s…ar- `Game~ (xunZ. sor-do º
s…ar
bune
bunebis
nebis movle
movlene
vlenebi
nebi)
bi Sor-do (yad.) `Game~);

s.-qarTv. *Gon
Gon `dGeoba, dGesaswauli~ (Zv. qarT. Gon-i
Gon- s.-qarTv. *bG…ar
bG…ar `mziani; samxreTi~ (Zv. qarT. bGuar-i
bG…ar-
`kerpi~, zan. -xu ←*Gun, dGa-xu `dGesaswauli, uqme dGe~, svan. `samxreTi~) ~ s.-sind. *ba„a
ba„a `mze~ (afx. a-mra, abaz. mara `mze~)
Gˆn `dGesaswauli~) ~ s.-sind. *„an„an `dro, sezoni~ (afx. ‰n
„an- ~ s.-nax. *b„ar- `naTeli~ (iCq. b„r-lanig `kaSkaSa~, b„r-la
←*a-„an, abaz. a„a, ad. G–, Kab. Ga, ubix. Ga `dro, sezoni~) ~ `naTeli~, ing. b„r- `naTeli~, bacb. {b„ar-}) ~ s.-daG. *bar„
bar„-
bar„
s.-daG. *„a
„ar…- `dro, saukeTeso periodi~ (yam. K´a…, tind.
„ar `mze; dGe~ (xunZ. baK `mze~.., did., hin., xvarS. buƒ, bej. boƒ,
K´aru, God. K´aru `dro~, lak. arG `cxovrebis saukeTeso wle- hunz. boƒ, lak. barG `mze~, darg. barh٨i º berh٨i `mze, dGe~,
bi~, darg. arG `asaki; amindi~, arC. oƒ, xin. enG (erg. inK-i) lezg. raG, Tab. riG, aG. raG, ruT. …irˆG, kriw. …iraG, wax.
`qorwili~); …irˆG, bud. …iraG, arC. barƒ, ud. be´G, xin. ˆnK `mze~);
s.-qarTv. *xan
xan `xani; daxaneba~ (qarT. xan-i `dro, jami~,
xan-
s.-qarTv. *d
d-usT
usT e `mTvare, Tve~ (Zv. qarT. TTue º T‚Te,
usT-e
xan-da-xan, da-xan-eb-a, zan. (megr.) xon-af-a = xan-eb-a, xon-eb-a
zan. TuTa º mTuTa `Tve, mTvare~, TuTa-Sxa `orSabaTi~, svan.
`marxva; daxaneba~, xon-en-s `marxulobs~) ~ s.-nax. *xan xan `dro,
xan-
n doSd-ul `mTvare~, d…eSd-iS `orSabaTi~) ~ s.-sind. *mm-ˆZ ˆZ-a
ˆZ a
asaki, jami~ (iCq. xan, ing. x–, erg. xan-uo, bacb. xa `dro, jami~)
`mTvare, Tve~ (afx. ц-mza, abaz. mzˆ, ad. maz–, Kab. maz–, ubix.
~ s.-daG. *meƒ
meƒ `dro, sezoni~ (xunZ. mex´ `dro~, kar. muƒ´e `qor-
meƒ-
mˆZц `Tve, mTvare~) ~ s.-nax. *b b-uT
uT´- `mTvare, Tve~ (iCq. buT´,
uT´
wili~.., darg. meƒ´ º miƒ´ `qorwineba~.., lezg. meƒ-er `daqorwine-
ing. buT´, bacb. buT´) ~ s.-daG. *bb-uZ i º *b
uZ-i
uZ b-uw
uw´´-i
uw i `mTvare, Tve~
ba~);
(xunZ. mow´, and. borw´i, axv. bow´o, yam. bo¬, tind. boc´u, kar.
s.-qarTv. *deG
deG e `dGe; amindi~ (qarT. dGe, zan. (n)dGa
deG-e borw´o, boTl. furw´u, bagv. bow´, God. furc´u, did. buci,
`dGe; amindi~, svan. la-deG `dGe~) ~ s.-sind. *dˆG
dˆG a `mze~ (ad.
dˆG-a hin. buce, xvarS. buca, inx. bucu, bej., hunz. boco `mTvare~,
TˆG–, Kab. dˆG–, ubix. ndGa `mze~, Sdr. ad. TˆG…a-s, Kab. lak. barz `Tve, mTvare~, darg. baZ º baw º bac´, lezg. …arz,
dˆG…‰-sa `guSin~: zan. go-Ga ←*go-dGa `guSin~) ~ s.-nax. *daG
daG-u
daG u Tab., aG., ruT., wax. …az, kriw. …’z, bud. …ˆz, arC. bac, xin.
`wvima~ (iCq. daGu º duoGa, ing. doaG–, bacb. {daGš}) ~ s.-daG. …aw `mTvare~);
*G…ed
G…ed e `dro, dGe; wvima~ (did. Gudi, hin. G…ede, xvarS.
G…ed-e
G…ade, bej. …odo, hunz. …ˆdˆ `dGe, wvima, varskvlavi~, lak. s.-qarTv. *zG…el
zG…el `didi wvima~ (qarT. (imer.) zGvel-a
zG…el-
hanT´a ←*Ganda `dGe-Game (24 saaTi)~, arC. hanT´i ←*Gandi `ga- `didi, kokispiruli wvima~, zan. (megr.) zGvar-zGval-i `kokispi-
rkveuli drois monakveTi~); ruli wvima~, svan. jGer ←*jG…er `Tavsxma, didi wvima, TqeSi~)
s.-qarTv. *ser
ser `Game; saGamo~ (qarT. ser-oba, ser-is kud-i,
ser- ~ s.-nax. *zaG
zaG- `wvima~ (naxuri ekvivalenti nasesxobis saxiT
zaG
zan. ser-i `Game~) ~ s.-sind. *S
Sˆ…-a `Game~ (ubix. Sˆ…a `Game~) ~ osurma enam Semogvinaxa, Sdr. os. zG `wvima~) ~ s.-daG. *zang
zang-
zang

91 92
el `wvima; setKva~ (did. zigolu, xvarS. zangeru, bej. holo-
el- Kab. bzi `sxivi, Suqi~, ubix. mˆZa ←*mˆza `naTura, Suqi, sanTe-
Sigi, hunz. belu-Sige `setKva~.., lak. zig `wvima~); li~) ~ s.-nax. *maj
maj-un
maj `KviTeli~ (iCq. muoja º moja `KviTeli~,
s.-qarTv. *Kel
Kel `wvima; wvimianoba~ (qarT. Kel-oba- `wvi-
Kel- ing. moaj– `vardisferi~, bacb. {maju¹}) ~ s.-daG. *marz
marz-u
marz `ali~
ma-ƒSiroba; wvim(r)ian-oba~ (saba), yia-Kel Kel-a
Kel `wvimis yia (?)~, (lezg. murz, Tab. murz `cecxlis mnaTi nawili~);
zan. (megr.) go-‡al-af-a `wvimisgan ruebis adideba~) ~ s.-nax. s.-qarTv. *yaq
yaq `yeq-a/i~ (qarT. yeq-a-quxili, el-yeqi, da-
yaq-
*Kar
Kar u `wvima; setKva~ (iCq. Kuora, iTumK. Kor, yeb. Karu, ing.
Kar-u yeq-eb-a, zan. yuq-af-i `yeqeba~, svan. li-yˆq-un-e `dayeqeba~) ~
Koara º Kora `setKva~, bacb. Kar `wvima~, Kar-ol-en `wvimiani~, s.-sind. *w w(…
…)ak
ak `naperwkali; mnaTobi~ (ad. fxa-waya, Kab. fxa-
ak-
Kar-on n„an `wvimis yia~) ~ s.-daG. *Kil Kil u `wvima; zafxuli~
Kil-u Zaya `muguzali~ = fxe `xe~ + waka `naperwkali~, ubix. w…ank
(and. K´inu, axv. K´ino º K´inu, yam. K´in…, tind. K´inu, kar. K´ino, `mnaTobi~) ~ s.-daG. *w…aqw…aq- `ca, mnaTobi; naperwkali~ (xunZ.
w…aq
God. K´inu, aG. Gul, ruT. Gˆ´l-d, wax. Gˆ´l, arC. ƒi´T´-iƒ `za- w´…aqi, axv. w´…aqa, yam. waqa, tind. waq…a `naperwkali, elvare;
fxuli~, xin. Kula `wvima~); mnaTobi~ (Sdr. xunZ. zmnuri fuZe w´…aq- `brwKinva~), lak. wuq
s.-qarTv. *zem
zem `dro, xani~ (qarT. zm-, xan-da-zm-ul-i,
zem- `mnaTobi~, darg. waq º Zaq º c´aq `ca~, lezg. wuk, kriw. wuk `na-
zan. jam-i `dro~, mu-jam-s `ra dros~, miTa-jam-i `Zveli dro~) ~ perwkali; muguzali~);
s.-sind. j…
j…-aa `ca~ (afx. ц-jº-„…an, abaz. j…-„…and `ca~, ad. jºa- s.-qarTv. *S…a…
S…a… `Svavi, wKliani Tovli~ (qarT. Svav-i,
S…a…-
G…a `varskvlavi~, ubix. j…a `ca~) ~ s.-daG. *zab-u `ca, dGe, imer. Sval-v-a `Tovl-yKapi~, gur. Svan-v-a `Tovlis fifqis
varskvlavi~ (xunZ. zob º job `ca~, and. zubu, tind. zebu, bagv. wKliT damZimeba~, zan. (megr.) svim-on-i ←*sqvim-on-i `Svavi~, et.
zeb, kar. zebu, boTl. zi…u, God. zibu `dGe~ lak. s´a… `ca~, `Svaviani~) ~ s.-nax. *hh٨u…
u…- `sineste~ (iCq. h٨î ←*h٨u…, ing. h٨u…
darg. zab º Za… º c´ab `wvima, ca~, lezg. c´a…, Tab. za…, aG. `sinestisgan gamowveuli anTeba~, bacb. {h٨uv}) ~ s.-daG. *S…ibS…ib-
S…ib
za…, kriw. za…, beud. zˆ…, xin. c´…a `ca~); `TrTvili~ (xunZ. S´ub, and. S´ib, axv. s´ibi, yam. s´ib, tind.
s.-qarTv. *mxar
mxar `sadili; samxari; samxreTi~ (qarT. sa-mxar-i
mxar- S´ibi, kar. S´ibe, boTl. S´ibi, God. S´ibi, did. xebi, hin. xebi,
`samxreTi~, `sadili~, svan. mˆxr `xval~) ~ s.-sind. *maxÀ…-a xvarS. xeba, inx. x•bo, lak. x´…i´m, ud. xo `TrTvili, yirxli~);
`dGe~ (afx. ц-mS, abaz mSˆ, ad. ma†– ←*maxÀ…–, Kab. maxÀ…a, ubix. s.-qarTv. *z…a…
z…a… ← w.-qarTv. *za…
z…a…- za… `zvavi~ (qarT. zvav-i,
za…-
mˆs…a `dGe~) ~ s.-nax. *malx
malx `mze~ (iCq. malx, ing. malx, bacb.
malx- svan. j º ja º jh ←*ja… `zvavi~, ja-baba `zvav-qari~, Sdr.
mil▼-e `mze, dGe; samxreTi~ (and. mil▼i,
maTx `mze~) ~ s.-daG. *mil megr. Sum-on-i ←*jum-on-i `zvavi~) ~ s.-sind. *aa-zˆ
zˆ `TrTvili;
zˆ-
axv. mil▼i, kar. mile, tind. mili, boTl. mi¹hi, bagv. mil▼, God. Tova~ (afx. a-Za-Za º a-Z▼a-Z▼a, abaz. aZ `cvari, TrTvili~, ubix.
▼ ▼ ▼ z…a-Zˆ `Tovli~, ma-Z¥ `TrTvili~, Zˆ `Tova~) ~ s.-nax. *aa-zir zir-
zir
mil i, yam. mil `mze, dGe~, Sdr. tind. mil -a `mTis (mziani)
samxreTuli daqaneba~); `TrTvili~ (iCq. -is, yeb. mr. sir-eS, ing. -is, mr. asar-aS,
bacb. {-iz}) ~ s.-daG. *aa(nn)zu
zu `Tovli~ (xunZ. „azu, and. anji,
zu-
s.-qarTv. *mm(aa)ze
ze `mze~ (qarT. mze, zan. mja º bja `mze~,
axv. a¹ji, yam. anz, tind. anzi, kar. „anze, boTl. anzi, bagv. anz,
bja-Sxa `kvira, mzis dGe~, svan. mˆj º mij `mze~, mij-ladeG `kvi-
God. anzi, did. isi, hin. iSe, xvarS. i¹sa, inx. e¹so, bej. o¹z,
ra~) ~ s.-sind. *mˆza
mˆza `sxivi, naTura, CiraGdani~ (afx. a-Cº¥-mza
hunz. ˆ¹z, ruT. iz, wax., kriw., bud. iz, ud. i´j `Tovli~);
`sanTeli~, bzif. a-mza `maSxala~, abaz. mza `naTura~, ad. bzˆ,
s.-qarTv. *w…ed
w…ed `wveTi, cvari~ (qarT. w…eT-i, wveT-av-s,
w…ed-

93 94
sa-wveT-ur-i, zan. yvaT-i `wveTi~, o-la-yvaT-ir-e `sawveTuri, cnobilia: qarT. cur-
cur (curavs) : megr. Cur-Cur (nCuruns
oyvaTo~, svan. …ed ← *y…ed `cvari~) ~ s.-nax. *darwdarw `wvima,
darw- `curavs~). magram es informacia araa sakmarisi toponimuri
uamindoba~ (iCq. derZ º derz, ing. darZ º darc´ `qarbuqi~, amocanis amosaxsnelad. aGmoCnda, rom menCu
nCurua (qarTuli `mi-
menCurua
bacb. darw-ol `wvimianoba~) ~ s.-daG. *w w(…
…)ad
ad `wvima, wveTi~
ad- curva~) erT-erTi tradiciuli (samwuxarod, ukve TiTqmis mi-
(xunZ. w´ad, and. w´a, axv. w´ari, yam. ¬‰, tind. c´‰, kar. w´a, viwKebuli) xalxuri sawKlosno asparezobaa. igi Seiswavla,
boTl. w´a, God. c´ai `wvima~, lezg. stal ←*wdal `wveTi~, aGwera da aGadgina cnobilma jurnalistma, mogzaurma da mxa-
Tab. wadal, aG. war º waral `cvari, nami~, kriw. wadi `Txevadi, reTmcodnem gvanJi maniam (ix. misi werilebi da interviuebi
wKal-wKala~, xin. wu `wveTi~); `leloSi~, `asaval-dasavalSi~ da sxv.). gairkva, rom xo-
biswKlis, yaniswKlisa da enguris napirebze mdebare soflebSi
s.-qarTv. *w…im
w…im `wvima~ (qarT. wvim-a, wvim-s, zan. yvim-a `wvima~,
w…im-
(muxuri, zumi, yaqvinJi, Jgali, Jvari) gasuli saukunis Sua
yvin-s `wvims~, svan. mˆ-ym-in-l `varskvlavTmricxveli~) ~ s.-nax.
wlebSic ki imarTeboda individualuri Tu Jgufuri SeJibreba
*w…ib
w…ib `GvTaeba~ (iCq. wî, qist. wi…, ing. wu… `warmarTuli
w…ib-
menCuruaSi. saamisod SerCeuli iKo mdinaris Grma da mdore
GvTaeba~, bacb. wib `kerpi~) ~ s.-daG. *w…ib
w…ib `wKaloba, Gme-
w…ib-
dineba. msaJis niSanze gaGma-gamoGma napirebidan erTdroulad
rTi~ (xunZ. w´ob `wKaloba~, and. w´ob `GmerTi~.., lak. wimi aiGebdnen starts asparezobis monawileni da Sua wKalSi Seer-
`gracia; TanagrZnoba~, darg. wum `mowKaleba, TanagrZnoba~).
kinebodnen erTmaneTs. mizani iKo metoqis wKalSi CaZirva Tav-
Si, kiserSi an mxrebSi xelis (xelebis) CavlebiT. Cveulebriv,
dasaSvebi iKo xuTJer Serkineba wKlidan amousvlelad. gamar-
Jvebulad is iTvleboda, vinc metJer CaZiravda mowinaaGmdeges.
paata cxadaia sofel kotianeTis mkvidrma, 84 wels miGweulma yiyiko
yubabriam gaixsena (1984 wels): `amjamad rom texurze xidia
sami
sami kolxu
kolxuri
xuri mikro
mikrohid
rohidro
hidroni
ronimis
nimis struqtu
struqturul
turul-
rul gadebuli, imis zemoT wKlis dineba mdore, farTo da ufro
Grma iKo. axalgazrdebi saGamoobiT iq CaviKrebodiT sa-
seman
semanti
mantiku
tikuri lizi (mi
kuri anali
analizi mion
mionCu
onCura
Curafu
rafu,
fu dudiS
dudiS
laGobod, saTamaSod, erTmaneTs vecilebodiT gaGma-gamoGma
owKvita
owKvitafu
fu,
tafu saor
saorgio
gio)
orgio
swraf curvaSi, agreTve menCurafaSi da sxv. menCurafa erqva
metoqesTan Serkinebas Sua mdinareSi. mizani iKo metoqis wKal-
1. mion
mionCu
onCura
Curafu
rafu Si CaZirva Tavze an qedze xelis dayeriT. ramdenime falavani
istoriuli cixe-goJis qvemoT, texurze, xidia gadebulia gvKavda iseTi, rom masTan yidils gavurbodiT. maTi saxelebi
(masze gadadis senaki-martvilis saavt. gza). xids samxreTiT, e. dGesac gvaxsovs~.
i. mdinaris marJv. napirze, esazGvreba sofeli kotianeTi (Zv. rogorc vxedavT, texurispira soflebSi gavrcelebuli
senakis Temis sakrebulo), xolo CrdiloeTiT, e.i. mdinaris menCu rafa igivea, rac xobiswKlis, yaniswKlis, enguris napireb-
menCura
nCurafa
marcx. napirze _ sofeli Jixa (naqalaqevis Temis sakrebulos ze mdebare soflebSi aGwerili menCu rua menCuruns `micu-
menCurua
nCurua:
centri). xids zemoT mdinare farTod da mdored miedineba.
ravs~ (zogadad)  mionCurans `micuravs~ (raime garkveuli
swored aq ewodeba mionCurafu.
obieqtisaken)  mionCurafu `misacuri; adgili, romliskenac
ras niSnavs menCurafa?
micuraven~ (momavali drois mimGeoba)  mionCurafu (mikro-

95 96
hidronimi): is adgili, sadac imarTeboda menCurafa//menCuruas
asparezoba.
2. dudiS
dudiS owKvita
owKvitafu
tafu
texuris marJv. serze mdebare sofel beTlemis (leZaZames
Temis sakrebulo) mkvidris _ kali berZemiSvilis _ (dabad.
1894 w.) naambobidan: `Kmawvilobis jams (`boSalobas~) texurze
CavdiodiT sabanaod da gasagrileblad. marTalia, mionCurafu-
sac vewveodiT, magram ufro axlos, gurZemia-texuris SesarTav-
sa da abanos Sua, sagangebod gvqonda amorCeuli erTi toba
(`Grma wKali~). roca Tavis gamoCena gvindoda, Sig CavKridiT
saSualo zomis qvebs da vinc mets amoiGebda, `mangari boSic~
is iKo. am tobas erqva dudiS
dudiS owKvita fu zmnuri fuZe wKvit-
owKvitafu
tafu. wKvit
(JerJerobiT araa dafiqsirebuli leqsikonebSi) aGniSnavs rai-
meSi (siTxe, adamianTa Jgufi) Tavis CaKofas, Cakvras: `baGanaq
duGa wKars xe qowKvitu~ (bavSvma mduGare wKalSi xeli Ca-
hkra); `uqvinJe wKars dudi qowKvitu do mele gekonCuru~ (uZi-
ro wKalSi CaKvinTa da gaGma gacura); `qiana xalxi gerdˆnˆ,
eTeqi qowKvitu dudi do iSo qimSadin~ (sadac qveKana xalxi
idga, iq Sergo Tavi da Caikarga).
maSasadame: dudiS
dudiS wKvitatafa `(wKalSi) CaKvinTva~ (sitKva-
wKvitafa
sitKviT: `wKalSi Tavis CaKofa, Cakvra~)  dudiS owKvitafu
`CasaKvinTi (adgili)~.
3. sa
saorgio
orgio
saorgio ewodeba rionis dinebas rion-texuris SesarTav-
Tan.
sof. isulis (axalsoflis Temis sakrebulo) mxcovani
mcxovrebi, 1894 wels dabadebuli serapion JamleTis Ze xofe-
rias naambobi (1984 wels): `Cveni soflis samxreTi nawili ri-
onamde dausaxlebeli iKo. axal droSi iq daarsda texuris me-
cxoveleobis sabyoTa meurneoba. texur-rionis SesarTavTan,
farTo mindoris (rionis marJv. napirze) gverdiT, wKlis dine-
ba 1 km-ze mainc iKo farTo da Grma, magram ara mdore, aramed
erTgvarad Cqari. swored aq erqva saorgio. texurze sabanaod
vargisi toba aGarcaa. saorgio ki sakmaod Sors iKo, ramdenime
97
km-ze. magram mainc iqiT gavwevdiT, raTa Tavi gamogvecada mdi-
naris gadacurva-gadmocurvaSi, risTvisac sayiro iKo orgi orgiaS
giaS
geSqu
geSqumamala (mxaruli curva. sitKvasitKviT: `orgiis dartKma~).
qumala
gamarJvebulad is iTvleboda, vinc wKlis dinebas gaumklavde-
boda, mxaruliT gacuravda gaGma napirze, iqidanve gamocurav-
da da curvis sawKisi adgilidan rac SeiZleba axlos amovido-
da~.
orgiaS geSqumala igivea, rac `mxaruliT curva~, magram
es ganmarteba ara sakmarisi aGniSnuli sitKvaTSexamebis warmo-
mavlobis dasadgenad.
orgia Zveli qarTulis leqsikonebsa (il. abulaZisa, z.
orgia
sarJvelaZisa) da qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis konaSi (al.
Glonti) ar Cans. qegl-Si ki (t. VI) naTqvamia: `orgia [berZn.
orgia saidumlo seroba]: 1. ist. Zvel saberZneTSi _ Gvinisa da
mxiarulebis GmerTis _ baxusis _ dGesaswauli. 2. gadat. `Ta-
vaSvebuli, wresgadasuli drostareba, qeifi~. a. veismanis mier
Sedgenil berZnul-rusul leqsikonSi (С.-Петербург, 1899) orgia
asea ganmartebuli: `таиные обряды, таинства (ос. Деметры и Вакха);
вооб. священнодействие, жертвоприношение~. magram orgia sitKvas
megrulSi sxva mniSvnelobac aqvs: orgia _ sigrZis sazomi, mxa-
ri; manZili ori gaSlili xelis SuaTiTebis boloebs Soris;
curvis saxeoba _ gaSlili mklavebis morigeobiTi mosma
(dartKma) wKlis zedapirze; mxaruli curva (Sdr. o. qaJaia).
saqme isaa, rom orgia sitKvis es semantika dakavSirebu-
lia berZnul orgu guva (da ara orgia) sitKvasTan, romelic a.
orguva
veismanis zemoaGniSnul leqsikonSi asea ganmartebuli: `сажень
(пространство между двумя распростертими руками)~. rogorc Cans,
aGniSnuli sitKva megrulma uSualod berZnulidan SeiTvisa
swored im aswleulebSi, roca kolxeTis SavizGvispireTSi ber-
Znuli axalSenebi iKo momravlebuli, xolo Semdeg, romaelTa
legionebis batonobis periodSi, qristianoba vrceldeboda...
maSasadame, mikrohidronim saorgiosaTvis amosavalia ber-
Znuli orguva, romlis mniSvnelobam `gaSlili xelis TiTebis
boloebs Soris manZili~ megrulSi miiGo semantikuri datvir-
98
Tva `curva gaSlili mklavebis wKalze monacvleobiTi mosmiT~ Si, magaliTad, bz. a-k’f-i, lSx. a-k‰f-e lnt. a-kaf-e `{wa}aq-
(e.i. mxaruli curva). cevs~; bz., lSx. a-t‰b-e, bq., lnt. a-tab-e `Tlis~; zs., lSx. a-qC-
daskvna: mikrohidronimebi mionCurafu da dudiS owKvi- e, lnt. a-qaC-e `yris. sxvadasxva saxisa da daniSnulebis sufiq-
tafu enobriv-semantikuri aspeqtiT zmnuri warmonaqmnebia (mo- sebiT garTulebul zmnebSi. mag. zs., lSx. a-qˆnTr-in-e, lnt. a-
mavali drois mimGeobebia), xolo saorgio _ saxeluri deriva- qˆrT-in-e `acxelebs~; bz., lSx. a-K…C-r-e, bq., lnt. a-K…C-ur-e
ti (daniSnulebis gamomxatveli). da rac mTavaria: samive am `amtvrevs~.
mikrohidronims garkveuli eqstralingvisturi datvirTva aqvs: 2. orpiriani moqmedebiTi gvaris fuZedrekad zmnaTagan
mogviTxrobs kolxTa garToba-dasvenebisa da sportiT gatace- nawarmoeb sampirian formebSi, mag. tKic-etKic e º tKˆc-e
tKˆc e `gleJs~
bis erT aspeqtze _ sawKlosno asparezobaze. bz., lSx. x-aa-tKc-e, bq., lnt. x--tKc-e `agleJs, axleCs~. tix-eº
tˆx-e `abrunebs~. zs., lnt. x--tx-e, lSx. x-aa-tx-e `ubrunebs,
uxdis~.
3. kauzativebSi: zs. x-aa-k…r-un-e, lSx. x-aa-k…r-an-n-e, lnt.
x-aa-k…ar-n-e `agdebinebs~; zs., lnt. x--ƒd-un-e, lSx. x-aa-ƒd-un-e
roena ykadua
`moataninebs, moaKvaninebs~.
4. gardauval rogorc absolutur, ise relatiur zmneb-
a- prefiq
prefiqsis
fiqsis adgi
adgili
gilisa
lisa da funqci
funqcii
qciisaTvis
saTvis Si: zs., lSx. x-aa-lfar-a, lnt. x-aa-lafar-a `afaria~; zs. x-aa-pij,
svanu
svanuri
nuri enis zmnur formeb
formebSi
mebSi qs. x-aa-pij… damalulia~, zs., lnt. x-aa-lt, lSx. x-aa-lat
`uKvars~; bz., lSx. x-aa-fs…n-a, bq. x-aa-fs…d-a, lnt. x-aa-fst…-a
zmnur xmovanprefiqsTa Sesaxeb sakmaod didi samecniero
`dauflebulia, dapatronebulia~.
literatura arsebobs. anton kaTalikosidan dGemde enaTmecni-
sainteresod gveCveneba svanur dialeqtur masalaSi arse-
erebi gamoKofdnen da sxvadasxvagvar kvalifikacias aZlevdnen
buli paraleluri (uprefiqso da prefiqsiani) formebi. ker-
a-, i-,
i u-,u e-e formantebs.
Zod, bz., SnSx…-e º a-SnSx…-e, bq., lnt. SunSx…-e º a-SunSx…-e
gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia a- prefiqsis nairgvari gra-
`qsutunebs~.
matikuli mniSvneloba. igi sxvadasxva morfologiur modeleb-
bq. goT-e º a-goT-e `gauTaveblad laparakobs~; bz. p-‰-lt-
Si fiqsirdeba da amitomac, rogorc arn. Ciqobavac aGniSnavs,
e º a-p‰lt-e, `bardnis~; bz., lSx. wŠq…-e º a-weq…-e º a-wq-un-e
prefiqsebidan Kvelaze bundovani swored a-s funqcia Cans.
`wveTavs~ da sxv.
sxvadasxva avtorTa mier a- prefiqsi miCneulia gardamav-
amrigad, svanuri enis zmnur formebSi a- prefiqsi gvxvde-
lobis, moqmedebiTi gvaris, neitraluri versiis, sazedao si-
ba rogorc gardamaval, moqmedebiTi gvaris orpirian da sampi-
tuaciis, kauzatiurobis, iribi obieqtisadmi mimarTebis,
rian zmnebSi, aseve gardauval absolutur da relatiur for-
gardamaval zmnebSi uaxloesi obieqtis aGmniSvnel formantad.
mebSic; dialeqtur masalaSi kargad Cans zmnuri modelebis
svanur enaSi a- prefiqsi gvxvdeba rogorc gardamaval,
CamoKalibebis procesi.
ise gardauval zmnebSi. kerZod:
1. orpiriani, moqmedebiTi (resp. gardamavali) neitralu-
ri versiis formebSi (garda fuZedrekadebisa). martivfuZianeb-

99 100
nineli yoxoneliZe gvxvdeba mimarTvis gameorebis SemTxvevebic: boGmav! boGmav
biGmav raGac Taviseburi alersiT eubneba bejanas (barisken
biGmav!
mimar
mimarTvis
marTvis forme
formebi
mebi r.
r inaniS
inaniSvi
niSvilis
vilis enaSi
enaSi mofrinavs Jafara, Tb; 1974); ai, finTo
finTo,
To finTo
finTo,
To damxa
damxasi
mxasia
siaTebe
Tebe-
be-
lo (alersi SiSianobis dros, Tb.,1986).
lo!
r. inaniSvilis mxatvrul enaSi personajTa metKvelebis mimarTvas SeiZleba axldes Sesabamisi nacvalsaxelic,
gadmocemis erT-erTi saintereso xerxia -- `mimarTva~. mwerali romelic, rogorc TviTon mimarTva winadadebis agebulebisa
mimarTvis formebis saSualebiT misTvis damaxasiaTebeli enob- da Sinaarsis mixedviT SeiZleba sxvadasxva adgilze aGmoCndes.
rivi lakoniurobiTa da azris sicxadiT axerxebs dagvixatos Sena, Se KruCe Cav Sena, wiwmatobda bebia efemia (megobrisadmi
KruCeCav
CeCav,
personajTa urTierTdamokidebuleba, maTi garegnuli mxare Tu minaweri werilebidan, Tb.,1958); Sen samoc vedro Gvinos
Sinagani samKaro, gadmogvces adgilobrivi koloritis specifi- amoiGeb, KiKvia
KiKviano (patara biyi golgoTaze, Tb., 1989); dakredakre-
kre-
ka. mwerlis enaSi, garekaxurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iseTi mi- lo Sen ki Kvelaze meti geqneba gamomuSavebuli ai! (wveTebi
yilo
yilo,
marTvis formebis garda, rogoricaa, saxli saxlika
xlikaco
kaco,
co kaco
kaco,
co deda
dedaka
daka-
ka- foTlebze, Tb., 1962).
co,
co qalo
qalo,
lo gogo
go go,
go biyo
bi yo,
yo biJo
biJo,
Jo Svilo
Svi lo,
lo gena
gena,
na qa...,
qa dasturdeba mimarTvis formebad gamoKenebuli sitKvaTa umetesoba
litotesebic e. w. damamcirebeli epiTetebi, iSviaTad hiperbo- qeglSi dasturdeba. gvxvdeba sakuTriv dialeqturi warmoSo-
lebic. karg damokidebulebas ki gamoxataven sitKvebiT: lama lama-
ma- bis mimarTvis formebic. mag. ZalaT
ZalaTkne
laTknei
kneina,
na ukuGma daye
dayedi
yedilo
dilo,
lo
zo,
zo Cemo
Cemo oqro
oqro,
ro ykvia
ykviano,
no daxa
daxatu
xatulo
tulo,
lo Jiga
Jigaro
garo...
ro qarix
qarixve
rixvetia
vetia,
tia TxisTa
TxisTavo
Tavo,
vo qala
qalaqe
laqeli
qeli kintua
kintua,
tua Klunwe
Klunwe,
nwe aCaku
aCakune
kune,
ne da-
da-
mimarTva SeiZleba iKos 1. erTsitKviani, martivi fuZiT fTxvine da sxv. abrZandi, ZalaT
fTxvine ZalaTkne
laTknei nav (mTvaris asuli, Tb.,
kneinav?
an kompozitis saxiT warmodgenili: ai, futu futurovrov neta rami
turov, 1987); eg svelebi mainc gaixade, ukuGma daye
dayedidilo (Sori TeT-
yedilo
Sno mainca gqondes (barisaken mofrinavs Jafara, Tb., 1974); -- ri mwvervali, Tb., 1976); nela, e, dafTxvi
dafTxvine ne boZs ar wamosdo
fTxvine,
kargad usune, bziko
bziko-bzikica
ko xar da maimunic (mTvaris asuli, (mTvaris asuli, Tb., 1987).
Tb., 1987); Tqvenc CaqriT, aha, Sarax Saraxve
raxvetitiebo (Sori TeTri
vetie
mwvervali, Tb., 1976).
2. or an met sitKviani SesitKveba: hai, muclis
muclis mone
moneboo
neboo!—
boo
tkbilad Tqva gogiam (alersi SiSianobis dros, Tb; 1986); wa- nino xarCilava
di, Se uzmos
uzmos mata
matao co Sen (mTvaris asuli, Tb., 1987); xma Ca-
taoco,
iwKvite, ZaGlis lekvo vo ras ratrateb! (megobrisadmi minaweri
lekvo, qalis
qalis qone
qonebis
nebis aGmniS
aGmniSvne
iSvneli
vneli erTi
erTi termi
terminis
minis
werilebidan, Tb., 1958). Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb samur
samurzaKano
murzaKanoSi
zaKanoSi
mimarTvis emociurobis gaZlierebisaTvis, `mimarTvis sagnis
romelime Tvisebaze KuradGebis gasamaxvileblad~ (a. kiziria) saqarTveloSi damowmebulia qalis qonebis aGmniSvneli
winadadebaSi xSirad ramdenime mimarTvis forma iKris Tavs er- ramdenime termini. Kvelaze gavrcelebuli iKo mziTvimziTvi da sa-
sa-
Tad: gzis mai
maimune
munebo
nebo,
bo soflis
soflis masxa
masxare
xarebo
rebo-meTqi
bo (alersi SiSiano- no TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxva kuTxeSi sxvadasxva mniSvne-
Tavno
Tavno.
bis dros, Tb., 1986); amiT gagixeTqav Tavsa, Se damblav, Se kol- lobiT ixmareboda. n. CubinaSvilis ganmartebiT, mziTvi
mziTvi aris
meurneobis CrCilo! (Sori, TeTri mwvervali, Tb., 1976); devo! ,,gasaTxovari qalisaTvis micemuli qoneba samSoblos saxlidan~
uZirov! gardanqeSano! (Citebis gamomzamTrebeli, Tb., 1979). (CubinaSvili, 1946:103). k. kekeliZis azriT, VIII da IX saukune-

101 102
ebSi mSoblebi umzadebdnen qals mziTvs: mziTvis cnebaSi
Kovelgvari qoneba Sedioda, TviT mamulic ki (kekeliZe,
1941:14). saTavnosa da mziTvis sakiTxis Seswavlas sagangebo
adgili dauTmo r. xaraZem, romelmac pirveli maTgani mziTvis
institutis adreul formad miiCnia (xaraZe, 1961:54). igi
warmoadgenda qmris oJaxSi qalis pirad naSroms. saTavno ar
ekuTvnoda qmarsa da mis oJaxs.
mziTvi gulisxmobda iseT qonebas, romelic marto qalis-
Tvis ki ar iKo gankuTvnili, aramed, umTavresad, qmrisa da
oJaxisaTvis. mziTvis amgvari forma Tavisi warmoSobiT gviande-
lia da ufro Seesabameba individualur oJaxs (Харадзе,
1962:28). val. iToniSvilis azriT, mziTevi piradi moxmarebis
sagania, xolo pirutKvi warmoadgenda saTavnos (iToniSvili,
1960:232), romelsac dovlaTis matebis SesaZlebloba hqonda.
amitom misi gaKidvisa an saoJaxo sakuTrebaSi SerwKmis Sedegad
qali male kargavda namatze sakuTrebis uflebas (iToniSvili,
1960:120).
samurzaKanoSi qalis qonebis aGmniSvneli termini iKo o-
yKud-urur i//yKud
yKud ur-i yKud a (,,mziTvi~). T. saxokia miuTiTebda, rom
yKud-a
mziTvs megrulad oyKuduri
oyKuduri ewodeboda, rac ,,amowKvetas~ niS-
navso (saxokia, 1956:89), k. samuSias mixedviT, es sitKva gulis-
xmobs ,,mowKvetas mamis oJaxidan~. o. qaJaias ganmartebiT,
oyKuduri sapatarZlos mziTvia (qaJaia, 2002:466), romelic
oyKuduri
gino
gi no-yKvid
no yKvid-u
yKvid u-aa’dan (,,gadawKveta~) aris nawarmoebi. rac Seexeba
mo-yKv id u-aa’s, is ,,mowKvetaa~. samurzaKanoSic patarZlis
mo yKvid
yKvid-u
aGmniSvneli termini aris mo-yKud
yKud u da niSnavs ,,mamis oJaxidan
mo yKud-u
mowKvetils~. albaT aqedan warmodga termini oyKuduri
oyKuduri,ri rac
,,mowKvetilis gasamziTv nivTs~ aGniSnavda, romelsac qaliS-
vils mamiseuli oJaxi aZlevda.
mziTvis momzadeba qalis ded-mamis movaleobas warmoad-
genda. Tu gasaTxovar qals mSoblebi ar hKavda, misi gamziTveba
Zmebs an biZebs evalebodaT, e.i. mamis sagvareulos. amas adas-
tureben werilobiTi wKaroebic (zsiem, dok. 7452; Аверкиев,
1869:338; Дубровин, 1871:43). Tu oJaxSi ramdenime qaliSvili
103
izrdeboda, maSin mSoblebi Jer ufross umzadebdnen mziTvs,
Semdeg ki _ momdevnoebs.
mziTvSi Sedioda: qalis tansacmeli, sabani, leibi, bali-
Si, saTanado TeTreuli, xis sawoli, karada, sasadilo magida,
skamebi, kidobani, sarke, spilenZis qvabebi, maT Soris araKis
gamosaxdelic, Suacecxlze Camosakidebeli Jayvi (lan lanyaya rac
lanya),
mniSvnelovani atributi iKo. Tu patarZalma kerva icoda, gaa-
tandnen sakerav manqanas, zog SemTxvevaSi fulsac ki.
SeZlebuli oJaxi, garda zemoT CamoTvlilisa, siZes una-
girian cxensac aCuqebda, rac pirvel rigSi momavali sasiZos
oJaxis ekonomikur moTxovnilebas akmaKofilebda. aseTi situa-
cia bevrad gansxvavdeboda glexis mziTvisagan.
mziTvs Caabarebdnen maKrebs, maTve gadascemdnen sias, ro-
melSic aGnusxuli iKo masSi Semavali Kvela nivTi, raodenoba
da Girebuleba. mas xels awerdnen maKrebi da mdade mdade//da
de dadede zo-
dade.
gadad mziTvis micema formdeboda xelSekrulebiT (Хрестоматия
по истории древного востока, 1950:210).
mziTvis micema wesi iKo Kvela wodebisa da mdgomareobis
qalisaTvis. amitomacaa, rom mefisa da erisTavebis asulebis
specialuri wignebis gverdiT gvxvdeba dabali socialuri wri-
dan gamosuli qalebis mziTvis wignebic (Акти, 1885:262). mSob-
lebi KovelTvis cdilobdnen, rac SeiZleba kargi mziTviT gaes-
tumrebinaT Svili, rom misTvis qmris oJaxSi cxovrebis Sesaba-
misi pirobebi SeeqmnaT.
iKo SemTxvevebi, rom qalis gamziTveba Zirs scemda oJaxis
ekonomikas _ albaT swored am moments gulisxmobda T. saxo-
kia, rodesac oyKudurs
oyKudursa da ,,amowKvetas~ erTmaneTTan aigiveb-
da. mziTvi oJaxSi patarZlis miKvanamde mihqondaT, qorwilamde.
misi gadatana xdeboda urmiT, miudgomel adgilebSi ki _ cxe-
niT an xeliT.
garda saoJaxo nivTebisa, tansacmlisa da samkaulebisa,
batoniSvils mziTvSi xSirad moJa moJala besac gaatandnen.
Jalabe
labesac
gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi mziTvis Semadgenel nawils miwac
warmoadgenda, rac ar iKo saKovelTao movlena; igi mxolod
104
SeZlebuli oJaxebisTvis iKo niSandoblivi.
rogorc aGvniSneT, mziTvis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda sa-
qonelic, romlis namati da rZis produqtebi rZals SeeZlo
gaeKida da Tavisi qmar-Svilis finansuri moTxovnilebebi daek-
maKofilebina. gaKris SemTxvevaSi Tavni mis sakuTrebas warmo-
adgenda, namatze ki pretenziebi ar hqonda. samurzaKanoSi sa-
Tavnos _ saqonels qals zogJer bavSvis dabadebis Semdeg
miuKvandnen. am SemTxvevaSi Zroxa mewveli unda KofiliKo. Tu
axlad daqorwinebul oJaxs calke unda ecxovra, garda saqon-
lisa, qalis mxare mas wvrilfexa saqonels da frinvelsac aZ-
levda. ra Tqma unda, vajis mSoblebic imaves akeTebdnen.
giT, xolo qalebs _ oqros samkauliT) Tavisi ekonomikuri Se-
saZleblobis Sesabamisad.
ganqorwinebis SemTxvevaSi, cols mziTvi Tan mihqonda,
romelic qalis xeluxlebeli qoneba iKo. misi Tanxmobis gareSe
aravis SeeZlo am qonebis gamoKeneba. mziTvis saxeobas, ZiriTa-
dad, oJaxis ekonomikuri SesaZlebloba ganapirobebda. eTnogra-
fiuli masalebisa da werilobiTi wKaroebis Seswavlis Sede-
gad irkveva, rom qalis mziTvis Sedgeniloba qveKnis kultu-
rul-ekonomikuri donis ganviTarebasTan erTad ganicdida
cvlilebebs.

mziTvis erT-erTi savaldebulo elementi iKo keriis

Jayvi-lanya xalxuri rwmeniT, keria saoJaxo Kofis ZiriTad ad-
lanya
lanya:
gils warmoadgenda. misi patronoba qals evaleboda. Jayvi ze-
ciuri da adamianuri samKaros damakavSirebel saSualebad miiC- cira JanJGava
neoda (kiknaZe, 1996:10). oJaxis wevrad sapatarZlos inkorpora-
ciis dros keriasTan sruldeboda zogierTi sawesCveulebo ri- pirve
pirveli
veli piris
piris subi
subieq
bieqtis
eqtis orma
ormagi
magi
aGniSvna
aGniSvna megrul
megrulSi
grul Si
tuali. sagulisxmoa, rom Jayvi dasaxelebulia, agreTve, svaneT-
Si eklesiisTvis sulis mosaxsenebel SesawiravTa nusxaSi (si- samecniero literaturaSi dadgenilia megrul-lazuri
logava, 1986:269). samziTvo kompleqsSi iseTi elementis moqce- enis pirveli subieqturi piris v niSnis funqcionirebis piro-
va, rogoric iKo keriis Jayvi, miuTiTebs mziTvis sakralur bu- bebi da is poziciebi, romlebSic misi poziciuri variantebi _
nebaze. b f p m gvxvdeba (n. mari, i. KifSiZe, arn. Ciqobava, t. gudava,
mziTvis mirTmeva qorwilis dGes xdeboda. vajis oJaxSi T. gamKreliZe...). megruli dialeqtis senakur kilokavSi Tan-
mziTvs patarZali gaxsnida, romelsac qmris oJaxis wevrebis- xmovanTa win, mosalodneli b f p m variantebis nacvlad, v-s
Tvis gankuTvnili saCuqaric mihqonda. zogJer qals qorwilis gamovlena qarTuli saliteraturo enis gavlenas miewereba
mere gaatandnen mziTvs. qalis mxare mziTvis momzadebis Sesaxeb (arn. Ciqobava).
atKobinebda vajis oJaxs da mas axloblebis xeliT ugzavnida. unda aGiniSnos, rom Kvela im poziciaSi, romlebSic pir-
es axloblebi iKvnen: da-Zma, biZa, mamida, deida, bicola da a. veli piris niSnad f p an m gvevlineba, b-c SeiZleba gvqondes,
S., magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi mama da deda. siZis oJaxs mzi- magram _ ara piriqiT: f p da m ar gvxvdeba Cqamieri mjGerebis
win (isini mxolod maTTvis Sesafer poziciaSi gvaqvs _ homo-
Tvis mimtanebi aucileblad unda daesaCuqrebina. rodesac
genurobis wesis dacviT).
mziTvi mcire iKo, qalis oJaxi winaswar ar atKobinebda vajis
cnobilia, rom, Tu zmnas megrulSi vnebiTi gvarisa da
mxares da igi Tavad mihqonda. am dros mziTvs ori-sami kaci
qcevis i- prefiqsi daerTvis, piris niSanma SeiZleba mis momdev-
gahKveboda, romlebsac siZis oJaxi asaCuqrebda (kacebs _ peran-

105 106
no poziciaSi gadainacvlos (da momdevno Tanxmovnis Sesabami- nino JorbenaZe
sad gardaiqmnas (mag., vigarq º ib bgarq `vTxri~, viTxorunq º if f-
Txorunq `vTxri~, vitaxunq º ip ptaxunq `vitex~). `jur
jurna
jurnalis
nalistis
listis orTog
orTogra
Tografi
rafiul
fiul-sti
ul stilis
stilisti
listiku
tikuri
kuri
KuradGebas iqcevs is SemTxvevebi, rodesac piris niSnis leqsi
leqsiko
sikoni
koni~
ni
gadasmis SemTxvevaSi zmnas i- prefiqsis win kvlav daerTvis
pirveli piris formanti da viGebT pirveli piris ormag ni- bolo periodSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare politikur-so-
Sans: i-s win _ v-s da mis momdevnod _ p-s: cialurma procesebma da amis Sedegad axali, ucxouri leqsi-
vi‡iq º ipp‡iq º vip
p‡iq → º vip piq `viqnebi~, kis Semosvla-damkvidrebam; Tanamedrove, axali terminologiis
vi‡idi º ipp‡idi º vipp‡idi → º vip pidi `viKide~, Seqmnis aucileblobam mwvaved dasva marTlwerisa da mar-
TlmetKvelebis mogvarebis sakiTxebi. swored amitom enaTmecni-
vi‡vilˆnq º ip p‡vilˆnq º vip p‡ilˆnq → º vip pilˆnq `Tavs vik-
erebis institutis qarTuli metKvelebis kulturis ganKofi-
lav~,
lebam sayirod miiCnia `jur jurna
jurnalis
nalistis
listis orTog
orTogra
Tografi
rafiul
fiul-sti
ul stilis
stilis-
lis-
vi‡denq º ipp‡idenq º vip p‡idenq → º vip pidenq `viKidi~, tiku
tikuri
kuri leqsi
leqsiko nis Seqmna, sadac `or
sikonis
konis~ orTog
orTogra
Tografi
rafiul
fiul leqsi
leqsikon
sikon-
kon-
vi‡oTanq º ip p‡oTanq º vip p‡oTanq → º vip poTanq `Cem Tavs Si ukve dafiqsirebul Kvelaze xSirad xmarebul sitKvebTan
Si~
vesvri~ da sxv. erTad Setanil iqna axlad Semosuli leqsikac.
ormagi afiqsacia SeiZleba gvqondes maSinac, rodesac ba- garda amisa, `jur
jurna
jurnalis
nalistis
listis orTog
orTogra
Tografi
rafiul
fiul-sti
ul stilis
stilisti
listiku
tiku-
ku-
gismieri TanxmovniT dawKebul zmnur fuZeebSi pirveli piris ri leqsi
leqsiko ni mTel rig siaxleebs gvTavazobs (romelTagan
sikoni
koni~
niSani fuZis SigniT gadaismis (infiqsad iqceva) da momdevno zogierTi nawilobriv asaxulia 2002 wels gamocemul `jur jurna
jurna-
na-
Tanxmovans mjGeroba-siKruis mixedviT SeewKoba; gveqneba para- listis
listis stilis
stilisti
listikur
tikur cnobar
cnobarSi
barSi~).
Si mag.:
leluri formebi: 1. garda orTografiul-morfologiurisa, leqsikonSi asaxu-
vbarˆnq º bab brˆnq º vbabbrˆq `vbarav; vberav~, lia sintaqsur-stilistikuri xasiaTis Secdomebic; mag.:
ganlag
ganlagde deba - zepir metKvelebaSi xSirad ismis... am po-
lagdeba
vmanˆnq º mammnˆnq º vmammnˆnq `vtrusa~,
ziciaze ganlag deba sxva fexburTeli... unda iKos: ...
ganlagde
lagdeba
vfiqrenq º fif fqrenq º vfif fqrenq `vficulob~,
dai
daikavebs
kavebs adgils
adgils...
gils
vputorˆnq º pup ptorˆq º vpup ptorˆnq `vgleJ; vputav~
2. ucxour, gansakuTrebiT, axlad Semosul sitKvebTan,
da sxv. romelTa Sinaarsic bundovania da romelTa gamoKenebac
pirveli piris subieqtis ormagi aGniSvna, rasakvirvelia, axali xSirad konteqsturad arasworad xdeba, mocemulia gan-
movlenaa da imis mimaniSnebelia, rom gadasmuli niSnis fun- martebebic. leqsikons ara aqvs pretenzia, ganmartebiTi
qcia erTgvarad daCrdilula da amitom xdeba piris prefiqsi- xasiaTisa iKos - aGniSnuli siaxle xels SeuwKobs
saTvis bunebriv adgils (xmnis Tavkidur poziciaSi) v-s xeldaxel sitKvis marTebul konteqstSi gamoKenebas (ganmarteba
darTva. miwerilia maSinac, rodesac sitKvis mxolod erT-erTi
mniSvnelobaa ucnobi); mag.:
preis
preisku
iskuran ti gasaKidi saqonlis fasebis cnobari
kuranti
ranti:
3. sayiroebis SemTxvevaSi saleqsikono erTeulTan mocemu-
lia mokle komentaric; mag.:
Jdeba (is), magram: sxdebi
Jdeba bian (isini): subieqtis ricxvis
sxdebian
mixedviT fuZemonacvle zmnebia
107 108
 4. leqsikonis mniSvnelovani nawili uyiravs paronimebs Se-
sabamisi ganmartebebiTa da konteqstebis gaTvaliswine-
biT; mag.:
cole (vinc colad unda iTxovon) - saco
saco
sacole colo (visac
sacolo
colis SerTva Sehferis)
siaxleebia teqnikuri mxrivac. ukve arsebul da farTod
aprobirebul niSnebTan erTad ([[...ki ara], [da ara...]
ki ara] ara ] da a. S.)
gamoKenebulia Semdegi pirobiTi niSnebic:
1. naTesaobiTi brunvis forma mocemulia i (aseve, a) dabo-
loebiT, romelic kavebSia Casmuli. aman saSualeba mo-
gvca, Tavidan agveridebina brunvis saxelwodebis miTiTe-
bis aucilebloba da sitKvis naTesaobiTi brunvis orive
SesaZlo variantic (savrcobiT Tu mis gareSe) naCvenebia;
2. i-ze daboloebuli saxelebis bolokiduri xmovani gaxa-
zulia, rac mis fuZiseulobaze migviTiTebs. amavdrou-
lad, igulisxmeba (da aris kidec miwerili frCxileb-
Si), rom es i brunvisas ar unda SevkvecoT;
3. leqsikoni rom ar gadatvirTuliKo, komentari mocemulia
Kvelaze gavrcelebul (an anbanis mixedviT pirvel adgi-
las mKof) sitKvasTan. danarCen formebTan miTiTebulia
erTeuli, romelTanac komentaria damatebuli; mag.:
mrava
mravali
vali saqme
saqme,
qme weri li [da ara mravali saqmeebi, we-
werili
rili...
rilebi...]; ix. bevri
bevri
4. im formebTan, romelTa paronimebad miCnevac gayirda,
magram romelTa arevis albaTobac arsebobs, gamoKenebu-
lia pirobiTi niSani Sdr.:
Sdr mag.:
salte
salte...:
lte liTonis rkali... Sdr.: lto 1. akrobatu-
Sdr salto
salto:
li naxtomi... 2. ... saxifaTo nabiJi
Kovelive zemoCamoTvlili leqsikonis moxmarebis gaadvilebisa
da srulKofisaken iKo mimarTuli. imedia, `jur jurna
jurnalis
nalistis
listis or-
or-
Togra
Tografi
rafiul
fiul-sti
ul stilis
stilisti
listiku
tikuri
kuri leqsi
leqsiko ni daxmarebas gauwevs ro-
sikoni
koni~
gorc jurnalistebs, aseve, enis siwmindiT dainteresebul Kve-
la sxva pirs. ivaraudeba wignis meore nawilis gamocemac.

109