Cardiovascular agent: a medicinal preparation used in the treatment of heart failure and disorders of

vascular tension. Cardiovascular agents include cardiac glycosides, vasodilators, and vasoconstrictors.
Most cardiac glycosides and digitalis glycosides are similar in structure and activity; they differ primarily
in side effects, the speed and duration of activity, and the tendency toward cumulation.

decongestants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that these drugs use in order to
control some of the symptoms of the cold and the flu, such as a runny nose and sneezing.

Diuretics 

agents that increase the excretion of urine and decrease the amount of fluid in the tissues and
serous cavities. Natriuretics increase the excretion of sodium ions. Diuretics are used primarily to
treat edema accompanying cardiovascular, liver, and kidney diseases. Depending on their effect,
they are classified as renal diuretics, which act directly on the kidneys and have the most
pronounced effect, and extrarenal diuretics, which act indirectly through other systems in the
body.

Expectorant 

a medicinal substance that facilitates the expulsion of sputum by intensifying secretion in the
bronchial glands or by liquefying the secretion. An expectorant can also work by stimulating
contraction of the bronchial musculature.

growth hormone or somatotropin (sōmăt'ətrō`pən), glycoprotein hormone hormone, secretory

substance carried from one gland or organ of the body via the bloodstream to more or less specific
tissues, where it exerts some influence upon the metabolism of the target tissue.
released by the anterior pituitary gland pituitary gland, small oval endocrine gland that lies at the base
of the brain. It is sometimes called the master gland of the body because all the other endocrine glands
depend on its secretions for stimulation (see endocrine system)..  that is necessary for normal skeletal
growth in humans (see protein protein, any of the group of highly complex organic compounds found in
all living cells and comprising the most abundant class of all biological molecules. Protein comprises
approximately 50% of cellular dry weight.. ). Evidence suggests that the secretion of human growth
hormone (HGH) is regulated by the release of certain peptides by the hypothalamus hypothalamus , an
important supervisory center in the brain, rich in ganglia, nerve fibers, and synaptic connections. It is
composed of several sections called nuclei, each of which controls a specific function..  of the brain. One
such substance, called somatostatin, has been shown to inhibit the secretion of HGH. HGH is known to
act upon many aspects of cellular metabolism, but its most obvious effect is the stimulation of the
growth of cartilage and bone in children.

heparin
Naturally occurring mixture of organic compounds used as a short-term anticoagulant to prevent
thrombosis during and after surgery and for initial treatment of various heart, lung, and
circulatory disorders in which there is increased risk of blood clotting. Comprising complex
carbohydrate molecules called mucopolysaccharides, it normally is present in the human body in
liver and lung tissues. It was discovered in 1922 and originally used to prevent clotting in blood
taken for laboratory tests.

laxative, drug or other substance used to stimulate the action of the intestines in eliminating waste from
the body. The term laxative usually refers to a mild-acting substance; substances of increasingly drastic
action are known as cathartics, purgatives, hydrogogues, and drastics, respectively. Laxatives or
cathartics fall into three general categories: irritants that stimulate the muscular action of the intestines
(cascara, phenolphthalein, senna); compounds that increase the amount of bulk in the intestines either
by withdrawing water from the body (salines such as Epsom salts, citrate of magnesia) or by increasing
the bulk when combined with fluids (agar-agar, bran, the various cellulose substances); and lubricants
such as mineral oil, which ease the passage of waste and counteract excessive drying of the intestinal
contents. Frequent or regular use of cathartics may seriously disrupt the natural digestive processes.
When food and even waste products are forced out of the intestinal tract too rapidly, the body is
deprived of vital substances, including the nutrients absorbed in the small intestine and the water,
vitamins, and minerals extracted from the waste matter in the large intestine. Vitamins A and D, which
are soluble in oil, are removed from the body even when the least irritating laxative, mineral oil, is
taken. In addition to disrupting digestive and nutritional processes, laxatives reinforce the condition they
are intended to overcome. When the intestines are purged, it may be several days before they can fill
again with sufficient waste to induce natural elimination. The harm can be perpetuated by frequent use
aimed at forcing daily elimination. The response to laxatives is soon lessened, so that larger and more
frequent doses may become necessary. Laxatives should be avoided especially when there is abdominal
pain. An inflamed appendix may rupture after the use of a laxative.

A muscle relaxant is a drug which affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may
be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle
relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics.
Neuromuscular blockers act by interfering with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate and have
no CNS activity. They are often used during surgical procedures and in intensive care and emergency
medicine to cause paralysis. Spasmolytics, also known as "centrally-acting" muscle relaxants, are used to
alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological
conditions. While both neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics are often grouped together as muscle
relaxants,[1][2] the term is commonly used to refer to spasmolytics only.\

Mydriasis is a dilation of the pupil due to disease, trauma or the use of drugs. Normally, the pupil dilates
in the dark and constricts in the light to respectively improve vividity at night and to protect the retina
from sunlight damage during the day. A mydriatic pupil will remain excessively large even in a bright
environment and is sometimes colloquially referred to as a "blown pupil".

Narcotic analgesics and the morphinelike synthetic drugs depress the central nervous system and alter
the perception of pain. They are used to alleviate pain not relieved by the NSAIDs.
Anesthetics
(otic) (solution, Suspension)

Relieves pain and itching in the outer ear. Treats some ear infections. Used to remove ear wax.

Statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are a class of drug used to lower cholesterol levels
by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a central role in the production of
cholesterol in the liver. Increased cholesterol levels have been associated with cardiovascular
diseases (CVD),[1] and statins are therefore used in the prevention of these diseases. Randomized
controlled trials have shown that they are most effective in those already suffering from
cardiovascular disease (secondary prevention), but they are also advocated and used extensively
in those without previous CVD but with elevated cholesterol levels and other risk factors (such
as diabetes and high blood pressure) that increase a person's risk.[2]

Urinary anti-infectives are medicines used to treat or prevent infections of the urinary tract,
which is the passage through which urine flows from the kidneys out of the body.

Vasodilators are medicines that act directly on muscles in blood vessel wallsto make blood
vessels widen (dilate).

Vasopressors are compounds which cause the blood vessels to constrict. As the blood vessels
constrict, blood pressure rises. A number of compounds work as vasopressors, ranging from
pharmaceuticals which are used on patients in certain situations to recreational drugs which have
a vasoconstrictive effect. Such compounds need to be used carefully, because they can cause
blood pressure to rise dangerously high, putting someone at risk of medical complications.

A vitamin is an organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism.[1] In other

words, an organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when it cannot
be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet. Thus, the
term is conditional both on the circumstances and on the particular organism. For example, ascorbic
acid (vitamin C) is a vitamin for humans, but not for most other animals, and biotin and vitamin D are
required in the human diet only in certain circumstances. By convention, the term vitamin does not
include other essential nutrients such as dietary minerals, essential fatty acids, or essential amino acids
(which are needed in larger amounts than vitamins), nor does it encompass the large number of other
nutrients that promote health but are otherwise required less often. [2] Thirteen vitamins are presently
universally recognized.