LANGUAGES, HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CLUSTER

SOCIAL SCIENCE SUB-CLUSTER

SCHOOL YEAR 2021 - 2022

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
SS01
Course Outcome 4

Prepared by:

Muñoz, Michael Art G.

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NAME: ____________________________________ TEACHER: ________________________

YEAR AND SECTION: _________________________ SCHEDULE: _______________________

COURSE OUTCOME BULLETIN

Objective: 5. Identify potential solutions to such issues that concerns the modern-day society.

Subject Matters:
Lesson 1: Becoming a Member of Society
Lesson 1.1.: Enculturation/Socialization
Lesson 1.2.: Nature or Nurture: Theories of Self-Development
Lesson 1.3.: Agencies of Socialization
Lesson 1.4.: Conformity and Deviance
Lesson 1.5.: Human Dignity, Rights, and the Common Good
Lesson 2: How Society is Organized
Lesson 2.1.: Groups within Society: Primary and Secondary
Lesson 2.2.: In-groups and Out-groups
Lesson 2.3.: Reference Group
Lesson 2.4.: Networks

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

I. Analyze the concept, aspects and changes in/of culture and society.
II. Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding.

Evaluation:
Performance Task: Social Media Review

Written Work: Long Quiz

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What do I know? (Pre-test)

Establish a subject knowledge baseline and then relate it to an end-of-the-course exam to look
at knowledge added. We may include this to test the students' knowledge before the material discusses
the topic (atleast 10 questions, multiple choice).

What is it?

Lesson Becoming a Member of

1 Society

Every day, we meet different people who come from different walks of life. Starting
from our house, on our way to school, off to the school service or as we take our usual
commute, in the school and inside the classroom, we come across different people with varying
personalities.  
Sometimes, the way we approach one person varies differently to others. When you
greeted your neighbor “Good morning, you look good today”, might be taken differently by the
student you came across the school’s hallway.  
That’s why it is important to understand the culture of every member in the society and
learn how to interact with them.  

1.1. Enculturation/Socialization

1987 Constitution
Article IV Section 1 of the constitution, the following are considered as the citizens or
bona fide members of the Philippine society:

1. Those who are the citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of the
constitution;
2. Those whose fathers and mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
Citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

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When an individual becomes a significant an individual becomes a functioning and

member of a society. participating member of society, contributing
to its growth or development in any form or
SOCIALIZATION manner.
Becoming a member of the society entails involves lifelong process of learning and
acceptance and understanding societal norms, relearning.
expectations, beliefs, practices and values.

ENCULTURATIO ACCULTURATIO
N N

Process of learning the norms and Learning the aspects of a culture

values of one’s own culture other than one’s own – for
through unconscious repetition survival.

STATUS is obtained through socialization, a social position in a group or an individual’s position

in the social structure

Ascribed status Achieved status

• assigned or given on a basis of a fixed
category w/o regard to a person’s
ability or performance.
• Sex or gender, age, race and ethnic
origin.
• earned by the individual by working
hard for it
• professional or skilled worker

Social Role is the responsibility attached to the status of an individual which is expected to be
played in each status.

Role strain Social dynamics

• Experienced when overlapping roles
provide mounting pressures leading
to role conflict
• Can result to leaving breaking social
ties, social groups, and taking role
exit.
• Role expectations can change over
time
• Mothers – used to stay at home; but
now they can also work for the family.

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1.2. Nature or Nurture: Theories of Self-Development

NATURE
When we are born, we absorb some of our genetic and
biological make from our parents.

NURTURE
As we socialize and develop, we absorb other factors that
greatly influence our human development.

THEORIES OF SELF – DEVELOPMENT

1. Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
a. Oral - Derives pleasure from oral activities, sucking and tasting
b. Anal - Main source of gratification is the ability to control bladder movement and
elimination or retention of feces
c. Phallic - The focus of pleasure is the genitals; children compete with their parents
for attention
d. Latency - Sexual urges are repressed and the individual spends most of his time
interacting with same sex peers, engaging in hobbies and acquiring skills
e. Genital - Sexual urges are reawakened and are directed toward opposite sex peers,
with genitals as the primary source of pleasure
2. Sigmund Freud’s Human Psyche
a. Id - considered as always looking for the greatest pleasure (pleasure principle)
without regarding for anything else.
b. Ego - also seeks pleasure and avoids pain but accept that not everything will be
pleasurable (reality principle)
c. Superego - incorporates the values and morals of society. The stage where individual
learns to observe the rules, custom, and expectations of the society.
3. Charles Cooley’s “Looking-glass self-theory”
a. Individual visualizes oneself through the eyes of others.
4. George Mead suggested that an individual’s distinct identity is only developed through
social interaction.
a. Preparatory stage - having no ability to imagine how others see things
b. Play stage - imitating some of the roles of other persons that they see
c. Game stage - complete understanding of the roles of other individuals take place

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1.3. Agencies of Socialization

Agents of Socialization
1. Family
2. Peer Groups
3. Church or Religion
4. School
5. Workplace
6. Mass Media

1.4. Social Conformity and Deviance

REACTIONS FROM PRESSURES FROM OTHERS

1. Conformity - Observance of the norms, making a person accepted in a group or society
2. Deviance - Acts that violate standards of conduct, expectations or social norms of a
group or society
4 Types of Social Deviants:
a. Innovators - Subscribe to culturally-approved norms but change their way of
approaching it; illegal means of acquiring wealth
b. Ritualists - Reject culturally approved norms but still perform the socially accepted
actions to observe them; reports to work but not productive
c. Retreatists - Reject both approved norms and socially accepted ways of complying
with them; takings drugs, being alcoholic, involvement in criminal syndicates
d. Rebels - Aspires to totally alter the status quo and impose a completely new social
platform or set-up; change in governance

1.5. Human Dignity, Rights, and the Common Good

Classification of Rights (De Leon, 2002)

1. NATURAL RIGHTS – rights independent of the law or customs of any culture or
government, and therefore considered to be universal.
• Right to live
2. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT – the rights enumerated and protected by the constitution.
3. POLITICAL RIGHTS – rights of the people to participate in the governance.
• Right to citizenship, vote and information.

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4. CIVIL RIGHTS – personal liberties granted to an individual due to his or her status as a
citizen or resident of a particular country and community.
• Right to travel
5. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RIGHTS – rights of a person to enjoy life
economically and socially.
• Right to own property, receive compensation to the properties taken
away from him/her.
6. RIGHT OF THE ACCUSSED – rights granted to a person accused of committing a crime
• The right to be presumed innocent of a crime until proven guilty and the
right to due process of law
7. STATUTORY RIGHTS – rights provided by the statute or particular law.
• Right to receive minimum wage and the right to work for only eight hours
a day.

Lesson How Society is

2 Organized
According to John Donne, no man is an island. People cannot be considered as an island
for an island can stand alone by itself. People need people in order to live. He has to live with
people and interact with one another. People cannot be self-sufficient. Even though how rich a
person is, he still needs others. A baby will not be able to make it easily without the assistance
of the parents, and the parents will be having difficulties as well in losing their baby. Thus, every
individual is really part of a larger society. As they live together, a society is created where each
interest could be taken care of and protected. Society came then into existence as a
consequence of these patterns of interaction.

SOCIETY

Composed of small groups that are somewhat separated and distinct from others

In forming bigger groups, these small groups adapted other culturea and
traditions resulting to a homogeneous culture.

Some small groups retained some of their practices and adapted some of the
cultures and practices of other groups but still decided to put up a bigger group,
this group assumes to be a heteregeneous culture.

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REMARKS: Society is composed of small groups that are somewhat separate and distinct from
others. These groups came into contact with others and later grouped together to form a
bigger group.

2.1. Groups within Society: Primary and Secondary

Primary Group

 Small groups with members sharing close, intimate, personal, and

enduring relationship.
 Members feel a sense of belongingness and concern for one another
Secondary Group

 Relationships are temporary.

 Membership is a matter of a choice and is usually based on common
goals and interests.
 Usually large and characterized by impersonal relationship between
members.

2.2. In-groups and Out-groups

In- group

 Group that a person strongly identifies himself as a member.

 Usually makes use of “we” and “us”.
 The group marks their identities. language, festivals and pageants and the
dress code they adopt.
 Tend to emphasize characteristics of their group that they like most.
 There is such unqualified pride in their membership group.
Out- group

 Group which you do not identify with.

 Group that perceive as other than one’s group.
 The opposing group is seen as an ‘enemy’ and is considered as inferior in
many ways to one’s own group in spite of the out-group doing nothing.

2.3. Reference Group

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 Group whose standards are used by individuals for evaluating themselves

and their behavior
 The group serves as the point of reference and a source for his
experience, perception and ideas of what he is..
 Uses the group for decision, self-identity, attitudes and social ties.
 “tropa” or peer group.
 These groups can also provide peer pressure to ensure conformity among
members.

2.4. Networks
 Groups of people who share information, contacts, and experiences for
professional or social purposes.
 It can be found in the community or neighborhood, in the workplace,
universities and online.

REMARKS: Society is composed of several small groups. These groups may be classified as
primary and secondary groups. Members of primary groups are smaller and their
relationships are more intimate and long lasting. Membership in a secondary group is larger
and relationships are short lived and business – like.

SOCIAL NETWORKING
It is distinguished from networks that are used for business purposes. It also includes
interactive websites with message boards, chat rooms, and ability to engage in
discussions with other people.
According to Jo Martin (1982), social media is changing the way we communicate and
the way we are perceived, both positively and negatively. Every time you post a photo
or update of your status, you are contributing to your own digital footprint and personal
brand online.
Many people use the Internet to escape family dynamics, drug abuse, alcoholism or
stressful work condition.

REMARKS: Social networking is the use of Internet and computers. Through this people can
talk to other people, connect themselves, and share knowledge and ideas. However, it also
yields several disadvantages.

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What’s more?
Insert practice exercises here. Minimum of 5 items/questions. Usually direct sub problems.

What I have learned

Activity: Long Quiz
Coverage: CO1 to Becoming a Member of Society

What I can do
Activity: Social Media Review
Direction: Analysis on Behaviors of Filipinos in videos or documentaries featuring social
experiments/ activities (Vlogs, Documentaries, Recorded Videos Online). Search and watch
videos that are relatable to the lessons of CO2. Classify the accepted and unaccepted behaviors
in Philippine setting. Make a review analysis based on the given template of your instructor.
Rubrics:
Logical and Argumentative Content 50
Supporting Facts with proper citation 30
Template 20
Total 100

Assessment (Post-test)
Should be parallel with your pre-test. Multiple choice questions, should have at least 10
questions.

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Key to Correction
Provide answers for the pre-test, What’s more, What I can do, and post-test. Text should be rotated.
Check sample below.

Sample Only

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References
As much as possible, use CENGAGE and MCGRAW Connect e-books as reference in writing your
module.

Caparanga, A. R. (2000). Recycling and recovery of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) from post

consumer waste stream, e-merge: the MIT Review, Volume 1 (1), 27-32.

Cardiel, G. G., Caparanga, A. R., Doma, B. Jr. T., J. L. Salvacion and S.T. Yang (2000).
Preliminary engineering geological-geotechnical and instability risk assessment of slopes
at Peace Village, Barangay San Luis, Antipolo, Rizal. Mapua Research Journal, Volume 1
(2), 79-84.

Doma, B. Jr. T., J. L. Salvacion and S.T. Yang (2000). Mass transfer and power consumption
characteristics in rotating fibrous bed bioreactor for xanthan gum fermentation. Mapua
Research Journal, Volume 1 (1), 27-41.

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