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01.3.12 Fi'L - Outside Doer Part I - II - PDF - 1561151677
01.3.12 Fi'L - Outside Doer Part I - II - PDF - 1561151677
Lesson Review
All the ’ﻓﻌﻞs we’ve learned thus far have had inside doers. Recall that for a ﺎﺽض ٍ ﻓﻌﻞ َﻣ, the ending
َ َﻧ, we learned that it meant
of the ﻓﻌﻞ usually tells us who the inside doer is. When we said ﺼ َﺮ
‘He helped’ even though there was no explicit ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ. This is because ﺼ َﺮ
َ َ ﻧ has an inside doer of ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ.
In the same way, َﻛﺘَﺒُﻮْ ﺍا has an inside doer of ﻫﮬﮪھُ ْﻢ, etc.
We will now study outside doers. You
can
only
have
the
possibility
of
an
outside
doer
when
the
ﻓﻌﻞ is
in
the
ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ or
ِﻫﮬﮪھ َﻲ form.
If
the
is
in
any
other
form,
there
cannot
be
an
outside
doer!
Keep in mind that this doesn’t mean it’s necessary there will be an outside doer whenever you
have a ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ or ِﻫﮬﮪھ َﻲ ﻓﻌﻞ.
َ َﻧ.
Let’s begin our discussion of outside doers with an example: ﺼ َﺮ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ
• Here we see two apparent doers. One is the ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ inside ﺼ َﺮ َ َ ﻧ and the other is ﺍاﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ because
it is ﺭرﻓﻊ. (Remember from Unit 1.2.1 that ﺭرﻓﻊ means doer!)
• Because ﺍاَ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ is ﺭرﻓﻊ, it is the outside
doer. This gives rise to an important principle:
When
you
find
an
outside
doer,
it
takes
over
the
inside
doer
and
we
disregard
the
inside
doer.
َ َ ﻧ means ‘the Muslim helped.’ We no longer need to use the inside doer. The
Therefore, ﺍاﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ ﺼ َﺮ
ﺭرﻓﻊ word that came after the ﻓﻌﻞ became our doer instead. Remember: we can only have
outside doers when the ﻓﻌﻞ is in the ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ or ِﻫﮬﮪھ َﻲ form! So if we saw ﺼﺮْ ﺗُ َﻤﺎ ﺍاَ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ
َ َﻧ, ﺍاَ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ wouldn’t be
the outside doer and this wouldn’t make any sense!
There are a few important rules to remember for the outside doer:
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Now that we’ve understood the fundamentals of outside doers, let’s try some practice. For the
following, provide the outside doer if there is one:
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Answers:
ِ َْﺐ ﷲُ ﺑِﻨُﻮ
1. ﺭر ِﻫﮬﮪھ ْﻢ َ َﺫذﻫﮬﮪھ Allah took away their light.
a. َﺐ َ َﺫذﻫﮬﮪھ is a ﻓﻌﻞ in the ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ form; this means we can look for an outside doer. The word
َ
ُ ﷲ is in the ﺭرﻓﻊ status and is thus the outside doer.
2. ُﻋﺔ ْ َ ﺍاِ ْﻗﺘَ َﺮﺑ The hour has come close.
َ ﺖ ﺍاﻟﺴﱠﺎ
a. ﺖ ْ َ ﺍاِ ْﻗﺘَ َﺮﺑ is a ﻓﻌﻞ in the ِﻫﮬﮪھ َﻲ form; the outside doer is ُ ﺍاَﻟﺴﱠﺎ َﻋﺔ because it’s the ﺍاﺳﻢ in the
ﺭرﻓﻊ status
i. Notice that ﺖ ْ َ ﺍاِ ْﻗﺘَ َﺮﺑ and ُ ﺍاَﻟﺴﱠﺎ َﻋﺔ are both in the feminine form; the outside
doer and the ﻓﻌﻞ must match in gender.
ii. Also note that this is pronounced as though the ﺕت is connected to the ﺱس
ِ َ)ﺍاِ ْﻗﺘَ َﺮﺑ.
(ُﺖ ﺍاﻟﺴﱠﺎ َﻋﺔ
َ َﻣﺎ َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ ﷲُ ﻟِ َﺮﺟ ٍُﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْﻠﺒَﻴﯿ ِْﻦ ﻓِ ْﻲ Allah has not made for a man two hearts in his interior.
3. ﺟﻮْ ﻓِ ِﻪﮫ
َ
a. َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ is a ﻓﻌﻞ in the ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ form; the word ُ ﷲ is the outside doer because it is the ﺍاﺳﻢ in
the ﺭرﻓﻊ status
4. َﺕت ﻗُﻠُﻮْ ﺑُ ُﻜ ْﻢ
ْ ﺗَ َﻌ ﱠﻤﺪ Your hearts intended.
a. َﺕت ْ ﺗَ َﻌ ﱠﻤﺪ is a ﻓﻌﻞ in the ِﻫﮬﮪھ َﻲ form; the word ُ ﻗُﻠُﻮْ ﺏب (from )ﻗُﻠُﻮْ ﺑُ ُﻜ ْﻢ is the outside doer
because it’s the ﺍاﺳﻢ in the ﺭرﻓﻊ status
i. Remember! ٌ ﻗُﻠُﻮْ ﺏب means ‘hearts,’ and the singular form is ٌﻗَ ْﻠﺐ. This makes
ٌ ﻗُﻠُﻮْ ﺏب a non-‐human broken plural; recall from Unit 1.3.2 that non-‐human
broken plurals are always considered feminine & singular. Hence, the ﻓﻌﻞ
is also in the feminine & singular form () ِﻫﮬﮪھ َﻲ.
5. ﺟ َﻌ َﻞ ﻟَ ُﻜ ُﻢ ْﺍاﻷَ ْﻧ َﻌﺎ َﻡم
َ ْ َﷲُ ﺍاﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱي Allah is the One who created livestock for you all.
a. َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ is a ﻓﻌﻞ in the ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ form; there is no outside doer because the only ﺍاﺳﻢ in the ﺭرﻓﻊ
َ
status is the word ُ ﷲ and it comes before the ﻓﻌﻞ. An outside doer must
necessarily come after the ﻓﻌﻞ.
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ِ ﻳﯾَﺴﱠﺮْ ﻧَﺎ ْﺍاﻟﻘُﺮْ ﺁآﻥنَ ﻟِﻠ ﱢﺬ ْﻛ We have made the Qur’an easy for remembrance.
6. ﺮ
a. ﻳﯾَﺴﱠﺮْ ﻧَﺎ is a ﻓﻌﻞ in the ُ ﻧَﺤْ ﻦ form; therefore, there can be no outside doer! (Note that
we also don’t see any ﺍاﺳﻢ in the ﺭرﻓﻊ status after the ﻓﻌﻞ either way.)
ِ ﺃأَ َﺧ َﺬﻫﮬﮪھُ ُﻢ ْﺍاﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ َﻤ The two Muslims took them.
7. ﺎﻥن
a. ﺃأَ َﺧ َﺬ is a ﻓﻌﻞ in the ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ form; we notice that ﺎﻥن
ِ ﺍاَ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ َﻤ is an ﺍاﺳﻢ in the ﺭرﻓﻊ status (don’t
forget the Muslim chart!) and is thus the outside doer. Recall that the ﻫﮬﮪھُ ْﻢ is an
attached pronoun to ﺃأَ َﺧ َﺬ.
َ ﺿ َﺮ ْﺑﺘُﻬﮭُ َﻤﺎ ُﻣ
8. ﺤ ﱠﻤ ٌﺪ َ I/Muhammad hit them.
a. ْﺖ ُ ﺿ َﺮﺑ َ is a ﻓﻌﻞ in the ﺃأَﻧَﺎ form; thus, there can be no outside doer. Also, this
sentence is actually incorrectly written and does not make sense.
9. ﺼ َﺮﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻤﺎ ْﺍاﻟ ُﻤ َﻌﻠﱢ ُﻢ
َ َ ﻧ The teacher helped both of them.
a. ﺼ َﺮ َ َ ﻧ is a ﻓﻌﻞ in the in the ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ form; ﺍاَ ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻌﻠﱢ ُﻢ is the outside doer because it’s the ﺍاﺳﻢ in
the ﺭرﻓﻊ status
i. ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻤﺎ is an attached pronoun to ﺼ َﺮ َ َ ﻧ
َﻛ َﺴ َﺮ ْﺍاﻟ َﻮﻟَ ُﺪ ﺍاﻟ ﱠ The boy broke the car.
10. َﺴﻴﯿﱠﺎ َﺭرﺓة
a. َﻛ َﺴ َﺮis a ﻓﻌﻞ in the ﻫﮬﮪھُ َﻮ form; ﺍاَ ْﻟ َﻮﻟَ ُﺪ is the outside doer because it’s the ﺍاﺳﻢ in the ﺭرﻓﻊ
status
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