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SYNOPSIS

PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT OKRA

[Abelmoschus esculentus ( L.) Moench] VARIETIES UNDER
PARALAKHEMUNDI AREA OF EASTERN GHATS REGION

Submitted by:

Preety Behera
M. Sc. (Ag.) Horticulture
Registration No:- 210805200009

Chairman

Dr. Barsha Tripathy

DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
M.S. SWAMINATHAN SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE
CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
ODISHA-761211, INDIA
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Centurion University of Technology and Management

M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture
Original/Revised synopsis of thesis/Dissertation problem

Name of the student: Preety Behera

Reg. No.: 210805200009

Degree: M.Sc. Agriculture

Name of the Chair person: Dr. Barsha Tripathy

Department: Horticulture (Vegetable Science)

Fresh/In-service: Fresh

TITLE OF THE RESEARCH

Performance of Different Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus ( L.) Moench] Varieties
Under Paralakhemundi Area of Eastern Ghats Region

INTRODUCTION

Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] has captured a forestanding

position among vegetables. Okra is said to have originated in tropical Africa
(Purseglove, 1984). It is known by many local names in different parts of the world.
For example, it is called lady’s finger in England, gumbo in the United States of
America and bhindi in India. In India, okra is one of the most important vegetable
crop grown for its tender green fruits during summer and rainy seasons (Wammanda
et al., 2010).

Okra is primarily a vegetable crop grown for its immature pods that can be
consumed as a fried or boiled vegetable or may be added to salads, soups and stews
(Kashif et al., 2008). The cultivated okra is popular due to its nutritive and medicinal
values and is said to be useful against fever, catarrhal attacks, genito-urinary
disorders, spermatorrhoea, gonorrhea, leucorrhoea and chronic dysentery (Nadkarni,
1927). The stem of the plant provides non-digestible strong linear fibre, which finds
uses in the paper, packaging and textile industries (Baloch, 1994). It is one of the
green vegetables with highest levels of anti-oxidants (beta carotenes, xanthin and
lutein). Its ripe black or brown white-eyed seeds are sometimes roasted, ground and
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used as a substitute for coffee in Turkey (Mehta, 1959). Moreover, its mucilage is
suitable for certain medical and industrial applications. Okra plays an important role
in the human diet by supplying fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins.
Therefore, young fruits of okra have reawakened beneficial interest in bringing this
crop into commercial production.

India stands first in okra production, producing 6371’000 MT with a

productivity of 11.9 MTha-1 from an area of 534’000 ha (Agricultural statistics at
glance, 2019-2020). In Odisha during 2016-17, okra occupied an area of 63.96’000 ha
with the production and productivity of 565.18’000MT and 8.84MT ha-1, respectively
(NHB, 2016-2017).

In spite of its multiple virtues, okra production and productivity hampered

because of use of local unimproved cultivars, less adoption of existing commercial
varieties and heavy incidence of biotic stresses particularly yellow vein mosaic
disease and fruit and shoot borer depending on the stage of crop growth at which
infection occurs (Nath and Saikia, 1993).

Before the recommendation of any okra cultivar to be grown in the region, it

is pertinent to evaluate the available okra cultivars giving emphasis on the aspects of
genotypic suitability and yield. Sustainability with consistent performance of any crop
under predictable and unpredictable environment is of main concern while screening
the phenotypically stable genotypes. Lack of proper knowledge about the cultivars
best suited to the agro-climatic condition, the potential of okra as fresh vegetable is
not fully exploited and is still insufficient even to meet the domestic needs of the
people. Hence, there is a logistic need for evaluation of commercial and newly
developed varieties under the prevailing climatic conditions to increase the
productivity of the crop so that the growers can get remunerative price from such
potential vegetable crop. Varietal performance of okra varies from place to place due
to the varied agro climatic and physiographic conditions and thus the growth and
yield of a variety does not remain same for all the regions. Considering the a fore
mentioned observations, a pertinent need was felt to undertake an experiment on
evaluation of okra cultivars so due to its increasing demand and wide range of genetic
variation, the present study “Performance of Different Okra [Abelmoschus
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esculentus ( L.) Moench] Varieties Under Paralakhemundi Area of Eastern Ghats

Region” is undertaken with the following objectives:

OBJECTIVES OF INVESTIGATION:

1. To study the growth, yield and quality parameters of different okra cultivars under
Paralakhemundi area in the Eastern Ghats region of Odisha.
2. To identify the superior variety of okra for Eastern Ghats region of Odisha.

BRIEF RESUME OF WORK:

Rahman et al. (2012) also conducted an experiment to evaluate the

performance of five different varieties of Okra viz. Arka Anamika, Puja, Anmol,
Sabz-Pari and Sharmeeli under the agro-climatic conditions of Dera. The result
showed minimum days to flowering, days to fruit setting and maximum plant height,
pods per plant, pod weight per plant, yield per plot and the total yield in Arka
Anamika cultivar. Whereas, maximum average weight of a single pod (10.13 g) and
pod length (9.70 cm) was recorded in cv. Sabz-pari. Thus, Arka Anamika is
recommended for its cultivation under the agro-climatic conditions of Dera.

Singh and Jain (2012) carried out a field experiment on 14 okra hybrid. The
plant height and number of branches/plant was highest in SOHO-2. The longest pods
were harvested from 26 RHROH-1 (16.8 cm), thick pods were recorded in HIHBO-90
(5.87 cm), and thin pods in Vijaya (4.35) cm. The hybrid cultivars viz. DVR-2, SOH-5
and HIHBO83 were topper in fruit yield.

Alake et al. (2013) conducted an experiment with 25 genotypes grown over a

period of 4 years in two agro ecosystems. The plant characters like days to flowering,
final plant height, pod filling period and days to harvest were measured. Pod filling
period was a stable character across agro ecosystems. Though pluvial planted West
African okra produced taller plants, fluxial planted okra flowered and matured earlier.

Dash et al. (2013) also conducted an field experiment to study the effect of
three varieties of okra (BARI Dherosh-1, Arka Anamika and Annie Oakley) and
planting date on the growth and yield of okra. Annie Oakley variety showed enhanced
plant growth and greater pod weight than other varieties cultivated. It also showed
significantly higher yield when shown on 15 February. Higher pod yield with 15
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February sowing was mainly due to increased number of pods plant-1, pod size and
pod weight.

Naheed et al. (2013) conducted an experiment with the objectives to screen

out the high yielding cultivar of Okra. Five different Okra cultivars i.e. Sabz Pari,
Sarhad Green, Green Star, Pusa Green and Pusa Sawani were evaluated for their
comparative performance. Maximum plant height and highest yield was recorded in
Sarhad Green whereas, the cultivar Green Star showed maximum value for numbers
of seed pod-1 and minimum value for plant height and pod diameter. Maximum pod
diameter was recorded in Pusa Green. Days to flowering remained non-significant for
the okra cultivars. However minimum numbers of seed pod -1 were found in cultivar
Pusa Sawani.

Salau and Makinde (2015) conducted field experiments in the tropical

rainforest zone of Nigeria to investigate the effects of planting density on growth and
fruiting duration of okra cvs. NHae 47-4, LD 88, and Jokoso. Cultivar NHae 47-4
had the highest LAI, lowest days to 50% flowering and first fruiting and longer
harvest duration than ‘LD 88’ and ‘Jokoso’.

Singh et al .(2018) conducted an experiment in Kishanganj district of Bihar,

with four varieties viz. Kashi Kranti, Kashi Pragati, Arka Anamika and Prabani
Kranti. They reported that variety Kashi Kranti proved it’s dominance over other
varieties regarding yield and growth attributes. Kashi Kranti showed the maximum
fruit yield of 136.7 q ha-1 with earliest flower in 52.30days and maximum green pod
length of 14.81cm. Kashi Pragati showed the maximum number of fruits plant -1.The
analysed data of BC ratio is high for Kashi Kranti (4.25) followed by Kashi Pragati,
Arka Anamika, Prabhani Kranti and local cultivar.

Alam et al. (2020) studied the forty genotypes showed significant variations in
physical fruit characters and yield characters. The genotype VRO-3 recorded
significantly highest plant height, number of fruit plant -1, fruit yield plant-1. However,
the genotype IC-013664 showed highest fruit length. The highest number of nodes
plant was reported in EC-305642. Minimum days to 50% flowering was observed in
Pusa sawani.
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Ali et al. (2021) carried an experiment under agro climatic conditions of

Dargai Malakand, Pakistan. Four varieties (Arka Anamika, Sabz Pari, Swat Green and
Salva Hybrid) were allotted to main plots and four pinching stages (no pinching,
pinching at 1st ,2nd and 3rd node stage) were allotted to sub plots. Among the pinching
stages, plants pinched at 3rd node stage produced maximum number of lateral
branches plant-1 (8.15), number of leaves plant-1 (176.75), number of pods plant-1
(15.53) yield plot-1 (2.32 kg), yield ha-1 (19.39 tons). Whereas, minimum number of
flowering (47.25) was recorded by unpinched plants.

Kumar et al. (2021) study the performance of 18 parents along with 45 F 1

hybrids for different traits attributing for fruit yield at BHU, Varanasi during summer
and rainy season of 2018 by adopting Line ˟ Tester design fashion. They revealed that
among parents (Line and Tester), among parents Punjab padmini, Barsha Upahar and
Hisar Unnat and among hybrids Kashi pragati ˟ Hisar unnat, Pusa A-4 ˟ Hisar unnat
and Kashi pragati ˟ Punjab padmini were most promising for the trait highest fruit
yield plant-1, resepectively.

EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS:

Experimental site
Ranadevi Research Field, M. S. Swaminathan
School of Agriculture, Parlakhemundi, Odisha

Season Kharif, 2022

Number of genotypes 19

Design Randomized Block Design

Number of replications 3

Spacing 60 cm x 45 cm

Plot size 3m x 4.5m (13.5m2)

Total number of plots 57

Total area of expected field 1033.68 m2

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TREATMENT DETAILS:

S. No. Variety Institute and place

1. Arka Anamika ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru
2. Kashi Pragati ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi
3. VRO-3 ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi
4. VRO-4 ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi
5. VRO-5 ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi
6. Kashi Chaman ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi
7. VRO-6 ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi
8. Kashi Leela ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi
9. Kashi Lalima ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi
10. Utkal Gourav OUAT, Bhubaneshwar
11. Super Green VNR Seeds, Chattisgarh
12. Ankur -41 Ankur Seeds, Maharastra
13. Kohinoor VSN Seeds, Telangana
14. Kaveri-54 Kaveri seeds, Telangana
15. JK-001 JK Seeds, Telangana
16. Arjita JK Seeds, Telangana
17. Japani Jhar Debgiri Seeds, WB
18. Rudra Kalash Seeds, Maharastra
19. Barsha laxmi Bichitra Seeds,WB

OBSERVATIONS TO BE RECORDED

Vegetative growth parameters

1. Plant height (cm) ( at final harvest)

2. Number of branches plant -1 ( at final harvest)

3. Number of nodes plant -1

4. Internodal Length (cm)

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Flowering Parameters

1. Days to 1st flowering

2. Days to 50% flowering

Fruit yield attributing parameters

1. Days to 1st picking

2. Number of fruit plant-1

3. Node at which 1st fruit appear

4. Fruit length (cm)

5. Fruit breadth (cm)

6. Fruit weight (g)

7. Number of harvest

Yield parameters

1. Marketable yield (plant-1, plot-1, hectare-1)

2. Total fruit yield (plant-1, plot-1, hectare-1)

Quality parameters

1. Vitamin C (mg /100g)

2. Protein (%)

3. TSS (°Brix)

ACTIVITY MILESTONES:

15, June, 2022 : Sowing of seeds

1st August, 2022 : Recording of observations

1st September, 2022 : Introduction, review of literature, materials and methods

1st October, 2022 : Statistical analysis

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COLLABORATION WITH OTHER DEPARTMENT

Department of Agricultural Economics and Statistics: To seek guidance during the

course of study.

REFERENCES:

Agricultural statistics at glance, 2019-2020 (www.agricoop.nic.in).

Alake, C. O., Ariyo, O.J. and Oduwaye, O. A. (2013) Contributions of plant

characters to pod yield in West African okra under pluvial and fluxial
agroecosystems. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 19: 352– 373.

Alam, K., Singh, M. K., Kumar, M., Singh, A., Kumar, V., Ahmad, M. and Keshari,
D. (2020) Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for selection
parameters of genotypes in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench].
International Journal of Chemical Studies,8(6):1016-1022.

Ali, A., Nabi, G., Irshad, M., Khan, M. N., Israr, M., Ali, S., Rehman, J. and Ali, W.
(2021) Pinching effects on growth and yield of okra. Bolan Society for Pure and
Applied Biology,11(1):135-145

Baloch, M. A. (1994) Factors influencing the growth of okra. Pakistan Journal of

Science and Research, 82: 363–367.

Dash, P. K., Rabbani, M. G. and Mondal, M. F. (2013) Effect of variety and planting
date on the growth and yield of okra. International Journal of Biosciences. 3 (9): 123-
131.

Horticultural statistics at a glance,2016-17, p 16 & 248 (www.agricoop.nic.in).

Kashif, S. R., Yaseen, M., Arshad, M. and Ayub, M., (2008) Response of okra
(Hibiscus esculentus L.) to soil given encapsulated calcium carbide. Pakistan Journal
of Botany, 40: 175-181.

Kumar, A., Singh, A. K., Singh, BK. And Pal, AK. (2021) Mean performance
analysis for various traits in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. The
Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(9):1275-1278.
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Mehta, Y. R. (1959) Vegetable Growing in Uttar Pradesh, Bureau of Agriculture

Information, pp:-31-34.

Nadkarni, K. M. (1927) Indian Meteria Medica, Nadkarni and Co. Bombay

Naheed, Z., Ayyaz, A., Rehman, A., Khan, N. A., Ahmad, S. Q., Hamid, F. S.,
Waheed, A., Asghar, S. and Khan, M. S. (2013) Agronomic traits of okra cultivars
under agro-climatic conditions of Baffa (KPK). Pakistan Journal of Materials and
Environmental Science, 4 (5): 655-662.

Nath, P. and Saikia, A. K. (1993) Relative resistance of okra cultivars to yellow vein
mosaic virus. New Agriculturist, 3(2):199-202.

Purseglove J W. (1984) Tropical Crops Dicotyledons. Longman, London.

Rahman, K., Waseem, K., Kashif, M., Jilani, M. S., Kiran, M., Ghazanfarrulah and
mamoon-Ur-Rashid, M. (2012) Performance of different okra (Abelmoschus
esculentus.) cultivars under the agro-climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan.
Pakistan Journal of Science, 64(4): 316-319.
Salau, A. W. and Makinde, E. A. (2015) Planting density and variety on okra growth,
yield, and yield duration. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 21:363–372.
Singh, D. K. and Jain, S. K. (2012) Performance of okra hybrids for quantitative
attributes. Pantnagar Journal of Research, 10(1): 66-70.

Singh, H. K., Singh, K. M. And Meraj, Md. (2018) Growth and Yield Performance of
Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Varieties on Farmer’s Field.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences , 7:1411-1417.

Wammanda, D. T., Kadams, A. M. and Jonah, P. M. (2010) Combining ability

analysis and heterosis in a diallel cross of okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L. Moench).
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(16): 2108-2115.
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CERTIFICATE

Proposed research work is not a copy of other’s research work

Date ………….. Signature of the student

Advisory Committee (Should conform to that in P.G. Form-1)

Name Designation Department Signature

Chairman Dr. Barsha Assistant Horticulture

Tripathy Professor

Member Dr.Subhrajyoti Assistant Horticulture

Chatterjee Professor

Member Mr.Tufleuddin Assistant Agricultural

Biswas Professor economics and
statistics

P.G. Coordinator Head of the Department

Submitted to the Dean (Academics) for approval

(For use in University office)
Endt. No. ………………………….
Date ………………….

Approved/ Returned for the following reasons

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