A STUDY ON THE ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS

ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KOLLAM

DISTRICT

Report submitted to the University of Kerala, in partial fulfilment of the

requirement for the award of the degree of bachelor of commerce (CBCSS)

SUBMITTED BY

NAME OF THE STUDENT CANDIDATE CODE

AMITH A 15918116016

AMRITHA S VIJAYAN 15918116017

ANANDAN A 15918116018

ANJALI V S 15918116019

ARJUN A R 15918116020

EXAMINATION CODE: 15918601

SUBJECT CODE: CO1644

Under the guidance of Dr. CHITHRA P

Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce

M.M.N.S.S COLLEGE, KOTTIYAM

APRIL 2021
 DECLARATION

We, ANANDAN A, ANJALI V S, AMITH A, AMRITHA S VIJAYAN,

ARJUN A R do here by declare that the project titled “A STUDY ON THE
ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KOLLAM DISTRICT” is a bonafide work done
by us and has not been submitted by me for the award of any degree, diploma,
title or recognition before.

KOTTIYAM ANANDAN A
30/04/2021
ANJALI V S

AMITH A

AMRITHA S VIJAYAN

ARJUN A R
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project titled “A STUDY ON THE ATTITUDE OF

STUDENTS TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO KOLLAM DISTRICT” submitted to university to Kerala
in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of BACHELOR OF
COMMERCE is a record work done by ANANDAN A, ANJALI V S,
AMITH A, AMRITHA S VIJAYAN, ARJUN A R, the students of M.M.N.S.S
COLLEGE, KOTTIYAM during the academic year 2018-2021.

KOTTIYAM Dr. CHITHRA P

30/04/2021 Supervising teacher

Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce

M.M.N.S.S COLLEGE
KOTTIYAM
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project titled “A STUDY ON THE ATTITUDE OF

STUDENTS TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO KOLLAM DISTRICT” submitted to university to Kerala
in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of BACHELOR OF
COMMERCE is a bonafied work done by ANANDAN A, ANJALI V S,
AMITH A, AMRITHA S VIJAYAN, ARJUN A R, the students of M.M.N.S.S
COLLEGE, KOTTIYAM during the academic year 2018-2021.

KOTTIYAM
Dr. SREEKUMAR M

30/04/2021 Head, Department of Commerce

M.M.N.S.S COLLEGE

KOTTIYAM
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project titled “A STUDY ON THE ATTITUDE OF

STUDENTS TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO KOLLAM DISTRICT” submitted to university to Kerala
in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of BACHELOR OF
COMMERCE is a bonafied work done by ANANDAN A, ANJALI V S,
AMITH A, AMRITHA S VIJAYAN, ARJUN A R, the students of M.M.N.S.S
COLLEGE, KOTTIYAM during the academic year 2018-2021.

KOTTIYAM PRINCIPAL

30/04/2021
M.M.N.S.S COLLEGE
KOTTIYAM
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At first, we wish to express our eternal gratitude and sincere prayers to the omnipresent
whose divine grace has given us confidence, strength and courage for the successful
completion of this piece of work.

We offer our sincere thanks to Dr. CHITHRA P supervising teacher, Asst. Professor, Dept. of
Commerce, M.M.N.S.S COLLEGE, KOTTIYAM for the valuable supervision, advice and
guidance throughout the study.

We render our profound gratitude to prof. Dr. SREEKUMAR.M, H.O.D, Dept.of Commerce,
M.M.N.S.S COLLEGE KOTTIYAM, for his steady encouragement, advice and inspiration
for conducting this project work.

We express our profound gratitude to Dr. BEENA, Principal, M.M.N.S.S COLLEGE,

KOTTIYAM, for her advice and inspiration for conducting this project work.

We extended our heartfelt thanks to Smt. KAVITHA L Asst.Professor of Dept.of Commerce,

M.M.N.S.S COLLEGE KOTTIYAM for sparing their valuable time to discuss the project
work and providing insightful advice and guidance.

Above all, we greatly indebted to each and every one who even by the smallest thought or
word had helped during the period of study.

ANANDAN A

ANJALI V S

AMITH A

AMRITHA S VIJAYAN

ARJUN A R
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 1-6

2 THEORETICAL FRAME WORK 7-24

DATA ANALYSIS AND

3 25-42
INTERPRETATION

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS
4 43-46
AND CONCLUSION

5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 47
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TABLE NAME PAGE
NO NO
3.1 GENDER 27

3.2 STUDENTS AFTER COMPLETING DEGREE PROGRAM 28

3.3 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS CAREER 29

3.4 REASON FOR CHOOSING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS 30

CAREER

3.5 TYPES OF BUSINESS THAT THAT STUDENTS ARE 31

INTERESTED

3.6 SOURCES OF FUND FOR STARTING A NEW VENTURE 32

3.7 MOTIVATING FACTORS TO CHOOSE ENTREPRENEURSHIP 33

AS CAREER

3.8 ATTRIBUTE THAT IS INEVITABLE FOR BEING AN 34

ENTREPRENEUR

3.9 OBSTACLES TO START A NEW A NEW VENTURE 35

3.1 STUDENTS INTENTION TO START BUSINESS AFTER 36

GRADUATION

3.11 INSTITUTION PROMOTION TOWARDS 37

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

3.12 ED CLUB IN COLLEGES 38

3.13 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN 39

COLLEGES

3.14 KNOWLEDGE FROM ED PAPER IN DEGREE PROGRAMME 40

3.15 ACTIVE PARTICIPANT IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP 41

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

3.16 SATISFACTION IN ED CLUB ACTIVITIES 42

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE FIGURE NAME PAGE

NO NO
3.1 GENDER 27

3.2 STUDENTS AFTER COMPLETING DEGREE 28

PROGRAM
3.3 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS CAREER 29

3.4 REASON FOR CHOOSING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS 30

CAREER
3.5 TYPES OF BUSINESS THAT THAT STUDENTS ARE 31
INTERESTED
3.6 SOURCES OF FUND FOR STARTING A NEW 32
VENTURE
3.7 MOTIVATING FACTORS TO CHOOSE 33
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS CAREER
3.8 ATTRIBUTE THAT IS INEVITABLE FOR BEING AN 34
ENTREPRENEUR
3.9 OBSTACLES TO START A NEW A NEW VENTURE 35

3.1 STUDENTS INTENTION TO START BUSINESS 36

AFTER GRADUATION
3.11 INSTITUTION PROMOTION TOWARDS 37
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
3.12 ED CLUB IN COLLEGES 38

3.13 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT 39

PROGRAMME IN COLLEGES
3.14 KNOWLEDGE FROM ED PAPER IN DEGREE 40
PROGRAMME
3.15 ACTIVE PARTICIPANT IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP 41
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
3.16 SATISFACTION IN ED CLUB ACTIVITIES 42
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Today, communities across the country are struggling, workers are worried about
their job and the youth is unsure about their future with little prospects of growth. According
to the centre for monitoring Indian economy data, India unemployment rate for the month
November 2020 stood at 6.15% and the high population is accelerating this. As per the last
2011 census, about 68 million of Indians are graduates. How many of them choose entrepreneur
as a career? May be rare. It may be lack of proper knowledge. The youth needed to be aware
of the potential for entrepreneurship for the future progress of our nation. The entrepreneurs do
come as innovators taking the economy and the society to a state of prosperity and progress.
Entrepreneurs develop innovative ideas that provide civilization with a large number of
products and services and also create employment opportunities, which change the way of
living.

Entrepreneurship development is a key factor for economic and social development of

a country. A strong economy is based on well-developed entrepreneurs .The creation of new
entrepreneurs requires youth’s desire for self-actualization through business and also needs
suitable environment. Economic environment which promotes entrepreneurial activities,
encourage more youths to implement their ideas through entrepreneurship. In general, the
attitude of students towards entrepreneurship is that they are very risky and unsafe. To change
this attitude, Youth need to make aware of entrepreneurship and its potential while studying.
For this, intimate the attitude of students and provide proper education and awareness they
need.

2
1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Erich.J (2003) in his study examined key factors influencing the students’ attitude to
create a new venture. He find out the effect of individual attitude towards self-employment on
their choice of entrepreneurial career. His study consisted of 1326 students from the university
in Austria. The attitude towards Entrepreneurship was the most relevant predictor of
entrepreneurial intend among students. The strong positive impact on entrepreneurial intend is
the attitude towards Money. The aspirant to start a business leads to the stronger willingness to
become an entrepreneur.

Douglas.E (1999) in his study examined the relationship between the intention to start
one’s own business and individual attitude towards income, Independence and work effort.
Result of his studies at suggest the individual having more positive attitude towards
Independence and are characterised by higher willingness to become an entrepreneur

Breznik (2015) investigated the impact of attitude and innovation on entrepreneurial

intension. He made a critical analysis between engineering and non-engineering students. The
sample of 400 engineering students and 800 non engineering students. He explored the impact
of four behavioural indicators .A questionnaire was structured on the basis of above mentioned
variable. The result show that a positive correlation between learning motivation and
innovativeness and also the innovativeness was strong correlated with self-efficiency and
attitude. So the result concluded that the attitude of engineering students was found more
significant towards entrepreneurial intention.

Goel (2006) the study argues that social support is an important factor for
entrepreneurial activities in a country or a region. It was argued that social (Societal) attitude
towards entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship are important determinals for future
entrepreneurial activities. These attitude would be impacted by the family background of an
individual and entrepreneurial development in the region an individual comes from. It would
be seen that more positive attitude from the people from entrepreneurial background and
entrepreneurial more developed region the hypothesis were tested on more than 5,000
respondents in India and China. The findings and the implications for studying attitudes and
policymaking are discussed. The result of this study are sufficient to argue that
entrepreneurship is influenced by the past activities in the target region. People must have an

3
inner intention to becoming an entrepreneur. Existing entrepreneurs in the area would be a
good source of motivation for people who would be invested in entrepreneurial activity.

Ethen Duyglues, in his study of 170 MBA students tried to investigate whether
entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs have systematically different psychological
characteristics, especially in terms of proactive behaviour or personality. He used the
entrepreneurship model proposed by Kostova (1997). The model suggests that among other
things, those certain entrepreneurial activities and these characteristics make them different
from non-entrepreneurs. It was found that 67.9 percent of the students were found to be
entrepreneurially inclined. The income of the family and profession of the family members
was found to be a significant factor that influences the entrepreneurial orientation of
students. A strong relationship between proactive behaviour and entrepreneurship orientation
was found in the study.

The study conducted by Dr. Mohsin Shaikh, (2012) found the educational background
of the students influence the intention of students to become an entrepreneur. He also
recognizes age, autonomy, independence, self-efficiency and ownership have a greater
influence on the intention to start venture. Another finding is that the likelihood of venturing
into Entrepreneurship decrease whiles the level of education increases.

Leonidas A Zampetakis, Afrodite Anagnosti and Stelios Rozakais (2013) reported that
students` attitudes towards entrepreneurship are related to their intention to start business and
behavioural control is a strong predictor of intention. This study investigated the role of
anticipated emotional ambivalence in students’ entrepreneurial intent and found anticipated
emotions negatively affect entrepreneurial intent through perceived behavioural control.

Ezekiel Obembe, Oluyinka Otesile, and IdyUkpong (2014) conducted a study of

Cyprus universities. This study emphasis that capital, university education, survival and
familiarity are affects students’ Entrepreneurial perception and concluded that the
entrepreneurial students’ perception is gender free.

According to Sofia Karali (2013) students, who attended an entrepreneurship education

have higher entrepreneurial intention and the participants in education programme have change
in their attitude after education programme.

Warren Byabashija, Issac Katono and Robert Isbalija (2010) conducted study reveals that
the educations provided by college are insufficient. Also reveals the students do not interested

4
to become an entrepreneur because the family and friends do not expect students to go into
business after graduation.

1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

According to the 2011 census ,about 68 million of Indians are graduates and large
number of management graduates passing out every year, that have been concerns about the
placements of these graduates. Many of them are being passed out during a year, but they are
reluctant to start their journey as entrepreneur. They are choosing their career as working under
a reputed organization. There are various factors which affect the youth's to become an
entrepreneur or to start a new venture. This study helps us to know their attitude towards
entrepreneurship and the factors that affect to become an entrepreneur and this study will be
also beneficial to the government for formulating and executing new policies and procedure.
.
1.4 NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
Entrepreneurship is gaining great respect from scholar as a field of research as well as
practical application worldwide as a means to achieve wealth creation and personal fulfilment.
But, youth are less likely to get into it, as the risk is higher. Therefore educate the students
about the concept of entrepreneurship. Innovation is one of the most important element to
acquire when students learn about entrepreneurship. Innovation will support them to stand out
from other competitors with the unique idea and setup an enterprise successfully. Thus, the
study will be a significant endeavour in understanding the attitude of youth towards
entrepreneurship .This study will be beneficial to the graduated youth for commencing a new
business and able to understand the factor influencing to commence a business and barriers to
commence it.

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To study the student’s attitudes towards entrepreneurship

 To identify the motivational factors that influence the entrepreneurial attitudes of

students.

 To identify current education system focuses on the concepts of entrepreneurship and

it is sufficient for the students or youth.

5
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study has been carried out to find out the attitude of degree students towards

Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship careers. The study deals with degree students
undergoing their studies with in Kollam district. The study is restricted to only final year degree
students and it doesn't include the students who have passed out or started their business .The
study aims to understand the attitude of students in taking entrepreneurship as a career and help
to improve the entrepreneurship programmers to promote Entrepreneurship and to develop a
country. The study also help policymakers to make policies that favour Entrepreneurship and
develop entrepreneurship oriented society.

1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Data is collected through primary source and secondary sources. Primary data is
collected from the students with a structured questionnaire covering a sample of 50. The survey
is conducted through Google form The Secondary data is collected from books, journals,
internet, news, article etc.

1.8 LIMITATIONS
 The time period for the project work was limited for collecting enough details.
 Lack of accurate and reliable information from respondents.
 There may be errors due to bias of respondents
 Lack of proper interaction from students
 The study is being conducted within a limited number of students.
 No direct contact between respondents

1.9 CHAPTERISATION
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Chapter 3 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Chapter 4 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

6
 CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

7
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The business operation is considered to be very complex in a competitive business

environment, which is constantly changing with fast technological advancement. An
entrepreneur is expected to interact with these environmental forces which require him to be
highly competent in different dimensions like intellectual, attitudinal, behavioural, technical
and managerial aspects. Today, the term "entrepreneurship” has an array of meanings which
include risk taking, thrill seeking and innovative skill. Entrepreneurs play vital roles in the
economic development of a country. Hence, entrepreneurship is crucial to the economic
stability of developing countries like India, where the problem of unemployment pause a very
severe and complex situation. The benefits to society will be greater in economies where
entrepreneurs can operate flexibly, develop their ideas, and reap the rewards. Entrepreneurs
respond to high regulatory barriers by moving to more innovation-friendly countries or by
turning from productive activities to non-wealth-creating activities.

Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a

business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most
prominent example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.in economics,
entrepreneurship connected with land, labour, natural resources and capital can generate a
profit. The entrepreneurial vision is defined by discovery and risk-taking and is an
indispensable part of a nation’s capacity to succeed in an ever-changing and more competitive
global marketplace. Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1883 - 1950) was an economist and is regarded
as one of the 20th century's greatest intellectuals and he is best known for his theories on
business cycles and capitalist development and for introducing the concept of entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurship and business creation are a growing alternative for young

people whose age group often faces a labour market with double digit unemployment rates.
Traditional career paths and opportunities are disappearing rapidly. A growing number of
young people are taking up challenge of starting their own business and improved through
various types of assistance and through the creation of a supportive environment.
Entrepreneurship is a set of behaviours and an entrepreneur is someone who undertakes these
behaviours. Young people decide to start a business, relating to their living circumstances, their
personal attitudes, preferences and objectives and their particular interests and individual

8
strengths. Recognizing these reasons is crucial for understanding and stimulating youth
entrepreneurship.

An entrepreneur means a dealer who purchases the means of production for combining them
into marketable products. According to Peter F Drucker “An entrepreneur is one who always
searches for change, responds to it, and exploits it as an opportunity. Innovation is the specific
tool of entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for a different
business or service “The entrepreneur is defined as someone who has the ability and desire to
establish, administer and succeed in a start-up venture along with risk entitled to it, to make
profits. The best example of entrepreneurship is the starting of a new business venture. The
entrepreneurs are often known as a source of new ideas or innovators, and bring new ideas in
the market by replacing old with a new invention. The word “Entrepreneur” originates from a
thirteenth-century French verb Entreprendre, meaning “to do something” or “to undertake.” By
the sixteenth century, the noun form Entrepreneur, was being used to refer to someone who
undertakes a business venture.

CHARACTERISTICS

Not all entrepreneurs are successful; there are definite characteristics that make
entrepreneurship successful.

Ability to take a risk- starting any new venture involves a considerable amount of failure risk.
Therefore, an entrepreneur needs to be courageous and able to evaluate and take risks, which
is an essential part of being an entrepreneur.

Innovation- it should be highly innovative to generate new ideas, start a company and earn
profits out of it. Change can be the launching of a new product that is new to the market or a
process that does the same thing but in a more efficient and economical way.

Visionary and leadership quality- to be successful, the entrepreneur should have a clear vision
of his new venture. However, to turn the idea into reality, a lot of resources and employees are
required. Here, leadership quality is paramount because leaders impart and guide their
employees towards the right path of success.

Open-minded- in a business, every circumstance can be an opportunity and used for the benefit
of a company. For example, paytm recognized the gravity of demonetization and

9
acknowledged the need for online transactions would be more, so it utilized the situation and
expanded massively during this time.

Flexible- an entrepreneur should be flexible and open to change according to the situation. To
be on the top, a businessperson should be equipped to embrace change in a product and service,
as and when needed.

Know your product-a company owner should know the product offerings and also be aware of
the latest trend in the market. It is essential to know if the available product or service meets
the demands of the current market, or whether it is time to tweak it a little. Being able to be
accountable and then alter as needed is a vital part of entrepreneurship.

IMPORTANCE

Creation of employment- Entrepreneurship generates employment. It provides an entry-level

job, required for gaining experience and training for unskilled workers.

Innovation- it is the hub of innovation that provides new product ventures, market, technology
and quality of goods, etc., and increase the standard of living of people.

Impact on society and community development- a society becomes greater if the employment
base is large and diversified. It brings about changes in society and promotes facilities like
higher expenditure on education, better sanitation, fewer slums, a higher level of
homeownership.

Increase standard of living- Entrepreneurship helps to improve the standard of living of a

person by increasing the income. The standard of living means, increase in the consumption of
various goods and services by a household for a particular period.

Supports research and development- new products and services need to be researched and
tested before launching in the market. Therefore, an entrepreneur also dispenses finance for
research and development with research institutions and universities. This promotes research,
general construction, and development in the economy.

10
HISTORY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The first entrepreneurs can be traced back to nearly 20,000 years ago. The first known
trading between humans took place in New Guinea around 17,000 BC, where locals would
exchange obsidian (a volcanic glass prized for its use in hunting tools) for other needed goods
– like tools, skins, and food. This early type of entrepreneurship continued for millennia.
Hunter-gatherer tribes would trade goods from different parts of their respective regions to
provide an overall benefit for their tribe. The first big shift in entrepreneurship took place
during the agricultural revolution, which occurred about 12,000 years ago.

One of the key developments in the history of entrepreneurship (and in human history) was the
invention of money. Prior to the invention of money, all entrepreneurship and trade took place
through the barter system. The limits of the barter system were known as a “coincidence of
wants.” Understandably, this vastly limited trade and entrepreneurship in early history. Over
time, paper money and coinage would be developed. Currency gave entrepreneurs several
important things which facilitated long-distance trade and it acted as a medium of exchange.
And it provided a way for entrepreneurs to store value. Starting in the medieval period, markets
became more and more popular. Larger populations required larger market places where they
could purchase food, clothing, services, and other important things.it wasn’t all good news for
entrepreneurs during this period. Many entrepreneurs had their inventions and innovations
stifled.

Entrepreneurs were known more as merchants and explorers than as entrepreneurs. These
individuals would raise capital, take risks, and stimulate economic growth. The industrial
revolution marked yet another profound shift in the history of entrepreneurship. Starting in the
18th century, entrepreneurship moved from small-scale production in small towns to large-
scale production in big cities. After World War II, entrepreneurship began to change for a few
different reasons. Since the beginnings of history, entrepreneurship has always been ruled by
the market forces known as supply and demand.as years went by, the means of
entrepreneurship changed dramatically but the core reasons for entrepreneurship remained the
same. Everywhere in the world, entrepreneurs arose to address demand by providing supply.
They innovated and invented new technologies to solve problems that nobody had ever solved
before. Hence entrepreneurs will continue to have a special place in society and will continue
to be found at the forefront of innovation.

11
OBJECTIVES

(i) Develop and strengthen their entrepreneurial quality.

(ii) Analyses environment related to small business and small industry.

(iii) Select product and its project.

(iv) Formulate projects.

(v) Understand the procedure for setting up of small enterprise.

(vi) Support needed for launching the enterprise.

(vii) Acquire basic management skills.

(viii) Appreciate the social responsibilities.

BENEFITS

1. Economic growth: these provide economic upliftment of society and generate employment.

2. Productivity improvement: it helped in improving the productivity, which means the ability
to produce more goods and services with less labour and other inputs.

3. New technologies, products and services: it helps in promoting innovative technologies,

products and services.

FINANCING

Finance is the main input of any enterprise. The entrepreneur needs capital to start with,
and he also needs financial assistance at every stage of the project. Project finance is required
for both short term and long term.

(a) Short-term finance: these usually refer to the funds required for a period of less than one
year. These are usually required to meet variable, seasonal or temporary working capital
requirements. Main sources for short term finance are borrowing from banks, trade credit,
installment credit and customer advances.

12
(b) medium-term finance: period of one year to five years are regarded as a medium- term.
These are generally required for permanent working capital, small expansions, replace-ments,
modifications etc. These can be raised by issue of shares and debentures, borrowing from banks
and other financial institutions, ploughing back of profits.

(c) Long-term finance: periods more than 5 years are regarded as long-terms. These are
required for procuring fixed assets, for substantial expansion, modernization etc. Important
sources of long-term finance are issue of shares and debentures, loans from financial
institu-tions and ploughing back of profits.

SOURCES OF FUND

(a) Internal source like:

 Personal and family savings.

 Loans against assets like land and property.

 Loans against shares and debentures.

 Loans from relatives and friends.

(b) External source like:

 Borrowing from banks.

 Term-lending from institutions like IDBI, IFCI, industrial development corporation etc.

 From government and semi-government agencies.

 Other sources.

TRAINING FOR ENTREPRENEUR

Proper training is essential for the success of any industry in production techniques,
management, marketing and other aspects. Small industries service institutes and their
extension centers are organizing trainings for:

13
  To improve technical skills of workers,

 For acquainting the entrepreneurs with advanced production and management

techniques.

 Training programmes for entrepreneurs are of two types namely:

 For graduate and diploma holder engineers, physics and chemistry graduates and

 For rural artisans, educated unemployed, ex-servicemen, weaker sections of the society,
women entrepreneurs etc. With special courses for each of the categories of persons for
providing training and upgradation of technology and managerial skills, specialised
institutions have been set up.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP FUNCTIONS

The two main entrepreneurial functions are risk taking and innovation.

1. Risk-taking in practical risk: one of the two primary functions of the entrepreneur is taking
responsibility for the financial and practical risks of running their business. There are tools to
help minimize potential risks, such as managing the risk of fire, theft or accidents by purchasing
insurance with sufficient coverage limits.

2. Risk taking in putting money on the line: funding the business is another important part
of the entrepreneur's risk-taking function. If the entrepreneur's products and services aren't
successful, entrepreneurs run the risk of losing their entire investment. Reduce financial risk
by carefully selecting the products and services you sell. Evaluate the benefit of new or
increased expenditures. Study market conditions, learn from the mistakes of others and plan
how you will bring your products and services to scale to earn profit.

3. Innovation in products and services: in addition to assuming the risk associated with
running their business, entrepreneurs always function as leaders in bringing products and
services to market. As the primary, and often the sole, decision maker, you must select your
product or service wisely. Focus on the market niche that your business will fill. Learn and use
good hiring and management practices. Keep up to date on business competitors, the general
business climate and financial management techniques. Entrepreneurs differ from managers
because they perform many duties in running their business, while managers focus only on
managing one segment of a business.

14
4. Innovation in marketing and selling: entrepreneurs can't sell their product or service if no
one knows about it. Vision and innovation means little if entrepreneurs don't communicate why
their business stands out in the crowd of competitors. Use good communication skills in talking
about your business. Activate networks of potential customers through good word of mouth
and creative use of social media tools. Study marketing and communications techniques used
by other successful entrepreneurs. Put them to work growing your own business.

SUCCESS OF AN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Success of an entrepreneur is only possible when the person satisfy some of the
following.

1. Regular inflow of information related to buyers, consumers, distributors, dealers, retailers,

transporters etc., about raw material, quality aspects, government organizations, employees and
competitors.

2. Satisfying the needs of customers.

3. Generation of adequate cash flow.

4. Regular objective assessment of the enterprise.

5. Improving productivity.

6. Maintenance of quality.

7. Use of technology of the time.

8. Be innovative.

9. Keep employees motivated.

10. Scrap or waste material be utilized properly.

11. Time management.

15
TYPES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Small business entrepreneurship:

A majority of businesses are small businesses. People interested in small business

entrepreneurship are most likely to make a profit that supports their family and a modest
lifestyle. They aren't seeking large-scale profits or venture capital funding. Small business
entrepreneurship is often when a person owns and runs their own business. They typically hire
local employees and family members. Local grocery stores, hairdressers, small boutiques,
consultants and plumbers are a part of this category of entrepreneurship.

Large company entrepreneurship:

Large company entrepreneurship is when a company has a finite amount of life cycles.
This type of entrepreneurship is for an advanced professional who knows how to sustain
innovation. They are often a part of a large team of c-level executives. Large companies often
create new services and products based on consumer preferences to meet market demand.
Small business entrepreneurship can turn into large company entrepreneurship when the
company rapidly grows. This can also happen when a large company acquires them.
Companies such as Microsoft, Google and Disney are examples of this kind of
entrepreneurship.

Scalable start up entrepreneurship:

This kind of entrepreneurship is when entrepreneurs believe that their company can
change the world. They often receive funding from venture capitalists and hire specialized
employees. Scalable startups look for things that are missing in the market and create solutions
for them. Many of these types of businesses start in Silicon Valley and are technology-focused.
They seek rapid expansion and big profit returns. Examples of scalable startups are Facebook,
Instagram and Uber.

Social entrepreneurship:

An entrepreneur who wants to solve social problems with their products and services is in
this category of entrepreneurship. Their main goal is to make the world a better place. They
don't work to make big profits or wealth. Instead, these kinds of entrepreneurs tend to start non-
profits or companies that dedicate themselves to working toward social good.

16
Innovative entrepreneurship:

Innovative entrepreneurs are people who are constantly coming up with new ideas and
inventions. They take these ideas and turn them into business ventures. They often aim to
change the way people live for the better. Innovators tend to be very motivated and passionate
people. They look for ways to make their products and services stand out from other things on
the market. People like Steve jobs and bill gates are examples of innovative entrepreneurs.

Hustler entrepreneurship:

People who are willing to work hard and put in constant effort are considered hustler
entrepreneurs. They often start small and work toward growing a bigger business with hard
work rather than capital. Their aspirations are what motivates them, and they are willing to do
what it takes to achieve their goals. They do not give up easily and are willing to experience
challenges to get what they want. For example, someone who is a hustler is willing to cold call
many people in order to make one sale.

Imitator entrepreneurship:

Imitators are entrepreneurs who use others' business ideas as inspiration but work to
improve them. They look to make certain products and services better and more profitable. An
imitator is a combination between an innovator and a hustler. They are willing to think of new
ideas and work hard, yet they start by copying others. People who are imitators have a lot of
self-confidence and determination. They can learn from others' mistakes when making their
own business.

Researcher entrepreneurship:

Researchers take their time when starting their own business. They want to do as much
research as possible before offering a product or service. They believe that with the right
preparation and information, they have a higher chance of being successful. A researcher makes
sure they understand every aspect of their business and have an in-depth understanding of what
they are doing. They tend to rely on facts, data and logic rather than their intuition. Detailed
business plans are important to them and minimize their chances of failure.

17
Buyer entrepreneurship:

A buyer is a type of entrepreneur who uses their wealth to fuel their business ventures. Their
specialty is to use their fortunes to buy businesses that they think will be successful. They
identify promising businesses and look to acquire them. Then, they make any management or
structural changes they feel are necessary. Their goal is to grow the businesses they acquire
and expand their profits. This kind of entrepreneurship is less risky because they are purchasing
already well-established companies.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (EDP)

EDP is a programme which helps in developing the entrepreneurial abilities. The skills
that are required to run a business successfully is developed among the people through this
programme. Sometimes, people may have skills but it requires polishing and incubation. This
programme is perfect for them. This programme consists of a structured training process to
develop an individual as an entrepreneur. It helps the person to acquire skills and necessary
capabilities to play the role of an entrepreneur effectively. As per national institute of small
industry extension training, Hyderabad, an EDP is an effort of converting a person to an
entrepreneur by passing him through a thoroughly structured training. The objective of this
programme is to motivate an individual to choose the entrepreneurship as a career and to
prepare the person to exploit the market opportunities for own business successfully. These
objectives can be set both in the short-term and long-term basis.an entrepreneurship
development programme primarily plays four roles to help an individual to become an
entrepreneur. They are:

(1) stimulatory role

(2) supportive role

(3) sustaining role

(4) socio-economic role

18
STUDENT ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Student entrepreneurs are creative individuals, regardless of whether they’re training to be an

engineer or are performing as a stand-up comedian. Entrepreneurship has long been associated
with innovation, a definition popularized by the work of Schumpeter in the 1930s.
Nevertheless, student entrepreneurs are always keen to point out that you don’t have to do
anything ‘new’ to be an entrepreneur. Indeed, student entrepreneurs are often interested in
doing things differently, whether that be by making incremental improvements to existing
products and services, or applying an alternative business model and way of thinking to a
problem.

The success stories of Indian entrepreneurs across India will serve as an

inspiration for those hoping to make it big in the entrepreneur world. These success stories are
nothing short of inspiring and prove one fact over and over again – everything is possible; if
you have the will to accomplish it!

THE SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS ARE:

 Yusuf Ali M.A

He is a businessman from Trissur and is the managing director of lulu group of companies.
According to Forbes magazine, Yusuf Ali is the 24th richest Indian and the 270th richest in the
world with an annual turnover of 5.5 billion dollars globally.

 Dhirubhai Ambani

Dhirubhai Ambani (1932-2002) is an Indian businessman who started out humbly by

selling traditional snacks to religious pilgrims. His business soon grew, and he expanded and
diversified into industries including telecommunications, power generation, information
technology, consumer goods, and logistics. Today, reliance industries is India’s largest private
company and is listed on the fortune 500.2ambani's sons now run reliance and are some of
India’s wealthiest people: Mukesh Ambani, 63, is worth over $51.78 billion and Anil ambani,
60, who used to be the sixth-richest person in the world.

 Jehangir ratanji dadabhoy tata

Jehangir ratanji dadabhoy tata or jrd tata (1904-1993) was born in Paris to Indian and
French parents. He was trained as an aviator in Europe and later became India’s first
commercial airline pilot. Working for the family business, tata group, he set out on his own

19
and built TATA airlines, which ultimately became the modern air india.by the time of Jrd tata's
death, TATA owned nearly 100 different businesses across many industries. Notably, his
automobile venture, TATA motors (ttm), produces economical automobiles that nearly all
working Indians can afford to own. Jrd tata is descended from Jamsetji tata who founded the
TATA group of companies in the mid-1800s.

 Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy

Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy, age 73, is an Indian entrepreneur who is the
founder of Infosys with an initial investment of 10,000 rupees, or just a few hundred dollars in
today's terms. With a net worth of $2.1 billion, he is often referred to as the father of the Indian
it industry, serving as CEO of Infosys from 1981 until 2002, and then its chairman until 2011.
As of April 2020, Infosys has a market capitalization of around $37 billion.

 Ravi Pillai

The person ranked second for establishing a global business network is Ravi Pillai,
chairman of RP group of companies and he is ranked by the Forbes magazine in 2014 as 30th
in India and 988th as the world’s billionaires. Mr. Pillai hails from chavara in Kollam.

 PNC Menon

The next one on the list is PNC Menon who also hails from Trissur and is the chairman of
Sobha group of companies. He developed a profitable interior design company in Oman and
later started the Sobha group of companies in Bangalore. He has started the Shri Kurumba
educational and charitable trust and has adopted two panchayats consisting of two villages and
the trust provides education and income to the people.

 Sunny Varkey

He has a net worth of 11,200 crore who came to Dubai with his banker father and later
on his parents started a formal school called our own English high school. His family lay a
foundation to a big enterprise and Varkey took over the reins of the organization by expanding
it and opening a global network of schools under the name of gems education.

20
  Kalyanaraman

He is a third generation businessman who upon helping his father in the family textile
business ventured into gold jewellery retail and his business turned into billions making him
sixth in the list with a net worth of 6600 crore.

 M C George Muthoot

He worth a net worth of 5550 crore and the largest gold loan company in India. Muthoot
is a third generation businessman from kozhenchery in Kerala. The business is spread into
education, it, healthcare, plantations, and travel and tourism. The munnar honeymoon packages
are best suited for those honeymooners who would want to spend some leisure time in the lap
of nature and with lots of privacy. You can not only visit the humble places where these
business tycoons emerged but also enjoy the picturesque locations of other tourists places in
Kerala too.

 Arun Kumar

CEO of STRIDES ARCO LAB, a pharma company. His present net worth is 4800 crores.
He has estimated to have sold 2.2 billion dollars of his business in the past three years. Kerala
holiday packages will include packages ranging from a single day stay to up to seven day stay
in your favorite holiday spots. The holiday packages will include travel within the state as well
as pickup from the airport to your destination. The packages will include the taxi services that
are being provided. You need only to pay for the travel tariff and no other expenses will be
included in the journey. You can plan your itinerary in advance so that you can fix the budget
of your vacation package. The tour package can also include Ayurvedic massages, and spas if
necessary. Kerala is the land of abundance and hence there is a lot to experience and explore
when you visit this state. Kerala is the best place to visit in the month from October to February.

 Lakshmi Niwas Mittal

Lakshmi Niwas Mittal, 69, is an Indian entrepreneur who began his career working
for his father's steel business. He later set out on his own, due to family infighting and created
what is now one of the largest steelmakers in the world, arcelormittal (mt). As of April 2020,
arcelormittal has a market capitalization of over $10 billion. Mittal himself is worth nearly $9

21
billion.ted in Mumbai and Beirut, he moved to London for accounting school, before dropping
out. Soon, starting his first company while she was a taxi driver, his company eventually grew
into the retail and real estate giant landmark, now based out of Dubai.

 Sachin Bansal
He is best known for his association with flip kart. But the story is deeper. Being the son of a
businessman, Sachin took part in the Indian institute of technology Delhi and finished his
degree in computer engineering in the year 2005. In the next 2 years of his life, he spent
working at techspan, then later in the amazon web services. It is the year 2007, where Sachin
Bansal took on a new venture. Not even he knew the step he was about to make, but the idea
was always there. With the initial fund of 400,000 rupees, which translates to $5,600, Sachin
Bansal and his co-founder Binny Bansal, started an online bookstore. This is where he took
upon the responsibility of overseeing all the business details of flip kart, he held the position
of chief executive officer of flip kart until the year 2018.moreover in 2013 ,he received the
economic times award for entrepreneur of the year.
 John Paul Dejoria

John Paul Dejoria isn't as much of a household name as Steve jobs or Elon musk, but he
has accomplished feats of entrepreneurship and business management that rival theirs. Starting
out as a newspaper courier, and working as a janitor and tow truck driver to make ends meet,
dejoria eventually started working at a hair care company, where he met Paul Mitchell. With a
loan of just $700, the two of them started a business that turned into the conglomerate now
known as John Paul Mitchell systems. Later, dejoria co-founded patron spirits, and was a
founding partner of the house of blues chain. Today, he's worth more than $3.1 billion.

 Kevin Plank

Kevin Plank, the CEO of the fitness apparel company under armor, was pretty much
broke when he started selling signature clothing under the under armor brand. He took all the
cash he had saved, about $20,000, and racked up an additional $40,000 of credit card debt to
fund the company.

Soon after, he made a landmark sale of $17,000 to Georgia Tech University, and in a wave of
momentum, made sales to two dozen NFL teams. From there, he went on, in just a few years,
to cultivate millions in sales and hire hundreds of employees. Today, under armor does nearly
$2 billion in retail sales, and has 5,900 employees.

22
  Jan Koum

Jan Koum, the founder of whatsapp, was born in a small village near Kiev in Ukraine.
Coming from poverty, Koum's family immigrated to California, and Koum started learning
about computers in his spare time. By the time he was 18, he had developed impressive skills,
and in 1997, he was hired by yahoo as an infrastructure engineer. He spent a decade in that
industry before realizing the huge potential of the app industry in 2009 and starting
WHATSAPP Inc. By 2014, whatsapp had become enormously popular. Facebook bought the
app for a staggering $19 billion.

 Sam Walton

It’s almost ironic that Walmart is frequently criticized for underpaying its employees and
using cutthroat tactics to maximize profits. Sam Walton, Walmart's founder, had almost
nothing to his name himself when he started his first general store back in 1945.he relied on a
$25,000 loan from his father-in-law to fund that initial purchase, and was an instant success in
the retail industry. The first official Walmart was opened in 1962, in Rogers, Ark.; and by 1976,
Walmart was worth more than $176 million. At one point, Walton was considered the
wealthiest man in the United States.

 George soros

He is an investor more than an entrepreneur, there are few better rags-to-riches stories
than that of George soros. When soros was a teenager in Hungary in 1947, he fled Nazi
persecution to live in England. Despite having little money to fund his efforts, he attended the
London school of economics, working his way through university to obtain his degree. He then
moved to the United States in the 1950s, and became an investment manager for a number of
major firms, eventually starting his own hedge fund and building his own company. His most
famous move was shorting the British pound in the early 1990s -- which made him $1 billion
in a single day.

23
 Key lessons that we have to learn from entrepreneurship stories:

 Debt is a viable option. Debt is scary to take on, especially when your idea isn't a sure
bet, but almost everyone on this list got a loan at some point to establish early
momentum. As long as you have a plan to pay it back, debt can be a valuable tool.

 Invest in yourself. You need to invest in yourself before you invest in anything else, by
focusing on improving your skills, education and experience. Without self-investment,
you won't be able to build a business, let alone sustain one.

 Look to the future. These savvy entrepreneurs didn't enter a market that already existed;
they created new ones, or made bets on how current markets would evolve. Future-
focused strategies always win out over present-focused ones.

Entrepreneurs can come from humble beginnings, so long as they're willing to work hard,
commit to their ideas and take the risks necessary to see those ideas become reality. Take
inspiration from the massive successes who have come before you, and don't let a lack of
money or experience dissuade you from following your dreams.

24
 CHAPTER 3
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

25
INTODUCTION

This chapter gives an account of the analysis followed and interpretation arrived at are
explained.
The main objective of this study is to know the students attitude towards entrepreneurship
with special reference to Kollam district.to fulfil the need for information both primary and
secondary data were used for the study. For this study, data are collected from students
through Google form.

 CODING AND TABULATION

Tabulation means a systematic representation of numerical data in columns
and rows in accordance with some salient features or characteristics. A table makes
the data more specific and it enables the reader to make quick comparison.
The diagram used to represent coded data in simple bar diagram and pie diagram.

 Simple bar diagram

A simple bar diagram is used to represent only one variable
 Pie-chart
In a pie-diagram, different segment of a circle represent percentage
contribution of various components to the total.

26
 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

GENDER
Table 3.1

Sl no Gender No of Percentage
respondents

1 Male 23 46%

2 Female 27 54%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table 3.1 it is clear that 54% of the respondents are female and 46% of
respondents are male.

GENDER

Figure 3.1

27
 STUDENTS AFTER COMPLETING DEGREE PROGRAMME

Table 3.2

Sl.no Options No of respondents Percentage

1 Higher studies 16 32%

2 Securing a job 9 18%

3 Entrepreneurship 25 50%

4 Others - -

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table 3.2, 50% of students are interested in entrepreneurship and 32%
of them are interested in higher studies and 18% of them opted securing a job.

After graduation

Figure 3.2

28
 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS CAREER

Table 3.3

Sl.no Category No of respondents Percentage

1 Yes 48 96%

2 No 2 4%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation
96% of the respondents are of the opinion that they like to choose entrepreneurship as
career. But 4% of the respondents are not interested to choose entrepreneurship as career.

Entrepreneurship as career

Figure 3.3

29
 REASON FOR CHOOSING ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Table no 3.4
No of
Sl.no Category percentage
respondents
1 Self-satisfaction 21 42%
Family
2 1 2%
background
3 Higher earnings 19 38%
To become a
4 8 16%
business leader
5 Others 1 2%
Total 50 100%
Interpretation
From the above table 3.4 shows that 42% of respondents opined self-satisfaction is the
most reason for choosing entrepreneurship, 2% of respondent feels family background .38% of
the respondents opined that higher earnings and 16% of respondents opined that, the reason to
choose entrepreneurship is to become a business leader. The remaining 2% feels other reasons
to choose entrepreneurship as career.

Reason for choosing entrepreneurship

others

to become a business leader

higher earnings

family background

self-satisfaction

0 5 10 15 20 25

Figure 3.4

30
 TYPES OF BUSINESS THAT STUDENTS ARE INTERESTED
Table 3.5
Sl.no Types of business No of respondents Percentage

1 Trading concern 16 32%

2 Service 11 22%

3 Manufacturing 8 16%
concern

4 Retail business 5 10%

5 Others 10 20%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

The above table 3.5 depicts that 32%of students are interested to start a trading
concern and 22% of them are interested in service sector.16% of students are also interested
in manufacturing and 10% are interested in retail business. But 20% of students opted for
other opportunities.

TYPES OF BUSINESS

Figure 3.5

31
 SOURCES OF FUND FOR STARTING A NEW VENTURE

Table 3.6

Sl.no Sources No of respondents Percentage

1 Own fund 12 24%

2 Bank loan 25 50%

3 Friends and relatives 5 10%

4 Others 8 16%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table it is clearly identified that 50% of students opted for bank loan
as the main source of business and 24% of them go for own fund.10% of students opt sources
of fund from friends and relatives and 16% of them opted for other sources.

Sources of fund for starting a new venture

Figure 3.6

32
 MOTIVATING FACTORS TO CHOOSE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS
CAREER
Table 3.7
Sl no Motivating factors No of respondents Percentage
1 Family business 3 6%
2 Story of successful entrepreneurs 21 42%
3 Self-satisfaction 10 20%
4 Higher earnings 12 24%
5 Knowledge from degree programme 2 4%
6 Others 2 4%
Total 50 100%
Interpretation
From the above table, 6% of respondents feels family business is the motivating factor
and the 42% of respondents feels story of successful entrepreneurs is the motivating factor.
20% feels self-satisfaction and 24% feels higher earning is the factor which motivates them.
Only 4% of respondents feels knowledge from degree programme is the motivating factor. The
remaining 4% says that, other factors motivate them to choose entrepreneurship as career.

Motivating factors to choose

entrepreneurship as career

others

knowledge from degree programme

higher earnings

self-satisfaction

story of successful entrepreneurs

family business

0 5 10 15 20 25

Figure 3.7

33
 ATTRIBUTE THAT IS INEVITABLE FOR BEING AN ENTREPRENEUR

Table 3.8

Sl .no Abilities No of respondents Percentage

1 Innovative 12 24%

2 Leadership skill 14 28%

3 Ability to take risk 19 38%

4 Experience 4 8%

5 Organizing ability 1 2%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table we can understand that 38% of students are of the opinion that
ability to take risk is the inevitable attribute for being an entrepreneur. On the other hand
28%and 24% of them agreed with leadership skills and innovative skill respectively.8% of
students agreed that experience is an attribute for being an entrepreneur and 2% of them
agreed with organizing ability.
Attribute of an entrepreneur

Figure 3.8

34
 OBSTACLES TO START A NEW VENTURE

Table 3.9
Sl no Obstacles No of respondents Percentage
1 Lack of business experiences 12 24%
2 Fear of failure 9 18%
3 Lack of family support 11 22%
4 Lack of finance 18 36%
5 Lack of awareness about govt. Measures 0 0%

6 Others 0 0%
Total 50 100%
Interpretation

The above table shows that, 24% of respondents are of the opinion that lack of
business experiences are the major obstacles to start a new venture. 18% and 22% of
respondents opined fear of failure and lack of family support respectively. 36% of
respondents of the opinion lack of finance is the major obstacles to start a new venture.

Obstacles to start a new venture

lack of business
experiences

fear of failure
20
lack of family
15
support

10 lack of finance

5
lack of awareness
0 about govt.
no of respondents measures
others
Figure 3.9

35
 STUDENTS INTENTION TO START BUSINESS AFTER GRADUATION

Table 3.10
Sl.no Intention No of respondents Percentage

1 Not at all 5 10%

2 Slightly 9 18%

3 Moderately 26 52%

4 Very much 6 12%

5 Extremely 4 8%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table 3.10, 52% of the students to certain extent they like to start a
business after graduation and 18% like to start business.12% of them are eagerly waiting to
start a new business after graduation and 8% are of them are extremely waiting for that. But
10% of students are not at all intended to start a new business after their graduation.

STUDENTS INTENTION TO START BUSINESS AFTER GRADUATION

Figure 3.10

36
 INSTITUTION PROMOTION TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DEVELOPMENTPROGRAM

Table.3.11

Sl no Options No of respondents Percentage

1 Yes 46 92%

2 No 4 8%

total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table it was analysed that 92% of students agreed that their institution
provide entrepreneurship development program and 8% of them reported no program was
carried down by their college.

Institution promotion towards entrepreneurship developmental programme

Figure 3.11

37
 Ed club in colleges

Table 3. 12

Sl no Category No of respondents Percentage

1 Yes 43 86%

2 No 7 14%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table, it was found that, 86% of the respondents commented about the
ED clubs in their college or institution and remaining 14% of people responded that, there
was no ED club in their college.

ED club in colleges

Figure 3.12

38
 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN COLLEGES
Table 3. 13
Sl no Category No of respondents Percentage

1 Never 5 10%

2 Rarely 6 12%

3 Always 21 42%

4 Sometimes 16 32%

5 Often 2 4%

Total 50 100%
Interpretation
From the above table 3.13, 42% of says that their, college always conduct
entrepreneurship development programme. 32% of respondents says that their college
sometimes conduct entrepreneurship development programmes and 12% of the respondents
state that their college rarely conduct programmes. 10% of respondents opinion that their
colleges were not conducting Entrepreneurship development programmes and the remaining
4% says that they often conduct entrepreneurship development programmes.

Entrepreneurship development programmes in colleges

Figure 3.13

39
 KNOWLEDGE FROM ED PAPER IN DEGREE PROGRAMME
Table 3. 14
Sl no Category No of respondents Percentage

1 Strongly agree 11 22%

2 Agree 21 42%

3 Neutral 17 34%

4 Disagree 1 2%

5 Strongly disagree 0 0%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation
From the above table 3.14, 22% of respondents strongly agree with the statement that
their ED paper in degree programme provide necessary knowledge required to start a
business,42% of respondents agree with this statement,34% have no opinion with this
statement and 2% disagree that the ED paper in degree programme provide necessary
knowledge.

Knowledge from ED paper in degree

programme

0%
2%
22% STRONGLY AGRRE

34% AGREE
NEUTRAL
STRONGLY DIS AGRRE
DISAGREE
42%

Figure 3.14

40
 ACTIVE PARTICIPANT IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Table 3. 15

Sl no Category No of respondents Percentage

1 Yes 39 78%

2 No 11 22%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table, it was clear that 78% of the students are an active participant in
entrepreneurship development programme and remaining 22% of respondents are not active
participant in entrepreneurship development programme.

ACTIVE PARTICIPANT IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

22%

78%

1 yes 2 no

Figure 3.15

41
 SATISFACTION IN ED CLUB ACTIVITIES
Table 3.16
Sl no Category No of respondents Percentage

1 Not at all satisfied 6 12%

2 Slightly satisfied 7 14%

3 Moderately 16 32%

4 Very satisfied 16 32%

5 Completely satisfied 5 10%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation
The above table 3.16, it is revealed that 10% of the respondents completely satisfied
in the activities of ED club and 12% of respondents are not at all satisfied with the activities
of ED club in their college. The 14% are slightly satisfied and 32% of the students are
moderately satisfied and 32% of the students are very satisfied with the ED club activities in
college.

Satisfaction in ED club activities

not at all satisfied slightly satisied moderately very satisfied completelty safisfied

Figure 3.16

42
 CHAPTER 4
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

43
FINDINGS

 Majority of the respondents are female.

 Majority of the students were interested in entrepreneurship
 Most of the respondents opted to choose entrepreneurship as a career (96%).
 Most of the respondents (42%) choose entrepreneurship, because of the self-
satisfaction and 38% of the respondents choose entrepreneurship for the reason that of
higher earnings.
 Majority of the youth think entrepreneurship is the safest career path in future
 Most of them are interested to start their business in trading concern and service
sector.
 Majority of the respondents were interested to commence their new business with
support of bank (source of capital)
 Story of successful entrepreneurs acted as a major motivational factor to choose
entrepreneurship as career.
 Majority of the respondents opined that ability to take risk is being considered as an
attribute in inevitable for being an entrepreneur and some of them are opined that
leadership skills is inevitable.
 Most of the institution were promoting entrepreneurship development program and
most of the respondents agree that there are ED club in their institutions.
 Majority of the respondents were an active participant in the entrepreneurship
development program.
 It was found that majority of students were very satisfied with the activities in the Ed
club.

44
SUGGESTIONS

1. To develop entrepreneurship tendencies in students

2. Students need to make aware of entrepreneurship and its potential while studying
3. To identify and train potential entrepreneurs
4. To provide necessary knowledge and skills to the students who is interested in
entrepreneurship
5. To set up ED clubs in every colleges for the development of young entrepreneurs.
6. The activities of the ED club should be satisfy the interested students.
7. An entrepreneur should have the qualities like innovation, leadership skill, risk
bearing ability etc.
8. An entrepreneurship should have an positive approach to the business
9. The government and other responsible authorities, provide necessary needs for the
development of entrepreneurship.
10. Conduct various programs and events in order to attract more students towards
entrepreneurship
11. In order to raise young entrepreneurs provide better financial services to start venture.
12. Provide proper guidance and support to students to formulate business ideas.
13. More knowledge about entrepreneurship should be included in the ED paper in degree
programme.

45
 CONCLUSION

What we are observing these days are the increased interest in entrepreneurship. This
means that students of today are more interested to starting their own ventures and building
their own brands. However, there are challenges, especially in India. When we look to the
developed countries, starting a venture is easy for any person starting from scratch. When it
comes to India, we are faced with a different scenario. India is facing a massive unemployment
today. This is a huge challenges for the students who want to start their own businesses.
Students today, struggles to find a decent paying job after they graduate. Many of them are
interested in entrepreneurship but very few people are getting into entrepreneurship. It’s
because of lack of finance, lack of family support and business experiences.

This study focus entrepreneurship attitude among college students. A large part of
students are interested in this Area. The education system also affect Entrepreneurship attitude
in students. The guidance from teachers, knowledge and information from ED club programs
and ED paper in degree programme act as a motivational factor to launch a business. The
Education should lead to empowerment of people and economic independence at all levels of
Entrepreneurship development. Identifying some Suitable senior experienced entrepreneurs
who may like to act as mentors and guides for developing first generation entrepreneurs. The
educated youth will certainly prove to be Beneficial. By institutionalizing entrepreneurship in
different streams of education, it is possible to accelerate the growth of Indian economy. This
study concluded that most of the students are willing to start their own business. But majority
of them fear about chance of failure. Many barriers also affected the creation of new venture.
Availability of capital, family background, society, corruption and government policies are also
affected the creation of new venture. Despite these challenges, it could be expected that India
will grow to a massive size in terms of its economy and capital. It could be expected that it will
have sea of job opportunities in a diversified fields in the coming future. This will most
probably mark the active start of entrepreneurship in India.

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 APPENDIX

BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCE

BOOKS AND JOURNALS

S S Khanka (2006) Entrepreneurial development. S Chand publications

Entrepreneurship, Renu Arora and S.K.Sood. (Published by Punjab University)

Fundamentals of entrepreneurship, Dr G K Varshey(2003)

Peterman N.E and Kannedy.J (2003) Entrepreneurship theory and practice.

Personality traits of great entrepreneur, Kathleen Carrol, small business software expert.

Fundamentals of entrepreneurship, R.C Agarwal.

A history of entrepreneurship, Albert n link and Robert F Hebert (2009)

Abriham Ebabu Engidaw (2021) Entrepreneurial culture and its socio-cultural

determinants

Endalew Terefe Alene (2020) determinants that influence the performance of women
enterpreneurs.

Divya Anchan,Carol Benlyn, Sruthi K Gatty(2021)Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Website:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship

https://innovation-entrepreneurship.springeropen.com/articles

https://globaljournals.org

https://www.researchgate.net

47
 A STUDY ON THE ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS
ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KOLLAM
DISTRICT
1. Name :

2. Gender : male female

3. Course :

4. Institution/college:

5. What do you want to do after your graduation?

Higher studies securing a job entrepreneurship

Others

6. Do you like to choose entrepreneurship as career?

Yes no

7. Reason for choosing entrepreneurship?

Self-satisfaction family background higher earnings

To become a business leader others

8. What kind of business do you want to do?

Trading concern service retail business

Manufacturing concern others

9. How do you raise the capital needed to start a business?

Own fund bank loan friends and relatives others

10. Factors that motivate you to choose entrepreneurship as a career?

Family business story of successful entrepreneurs higher earnings

Self-satisfaction knowledge from the degree programme others

48
11. Which attribute you think as inevitable from the following for being an entrepreneur?

Innovative leadership skill ability to take risk experience

Organising ability

12. What are the obstacles that you face towards selection of entrepreneurship or to start a
new venture?

Lack of business experiences fear of failure lack of family support

Lack of finance lack of awareness about government measures

Difficulty in accessing fund others

13. How intended are you in setting a new venture immediately after your graduation?

Not at all slightly moderately very much extremely

14. Does your college or institution promote the development programme on

entrepreneurship?

Yes No

15. Do you have an ED club in your college?

Yes No

16. Does your ED club in your college organise any entrepreneurship development
programme or events?

Never rarely always sometimes often

17. Whether your ED paper in your degree programme provide you with necessary
knowledge required to start a business?

strongly agree agree neutral disagree strongly disagree

18. Are you an active participant in entrepreneurship development programme?

Yes No

49
19. Are you satisfied in the activities of ED club or other entrepreneurship development
activities in your college?

Not at all satisfied slightly satisfied moderately satisfied

Very satisfied completely satisfied

20. Suggestions and opinion about your attitude towards entrepreneurship.

50