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On the low-cycle fatigue behavior of aluminum alloys under influence of

tensile pre-strain histories and strain ratio

Article  in  International Journal of Fatigue · May 2022

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.106747

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 International Journal of Fatigue xxx (xxxx) 106747

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

International Journal of Fatigue

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijfatigue

F
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On the low-cycle fatigue behavior of aluminum alloys under influence of
tensile pre-strain histories and strain ratio
a a ⁎ b b
Jagtar Singh , Greg Wheatley , , Ricardo Branco , Fernando Ventura Antunes ,
c d
Reza Masoudi Nejad , Filippo Berto

PR
a College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
b University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
c School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
d Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Keywords:
Cyclic plastic behavior
Low-cycle fatigue
Mean stress relaxation
Pre-strain
ED
The present study attends to the effect of tensile pre-strain histories and strain ratio on cyclic deformation behav-
ior of 6061 aluminum alloy and 2024 aluminum alloy. Low-cycle fatigue tests performed in this study covered
two areas; Under fully reversed conditions, with 8% tensile pre-strain, 4% tensile pre-strain, and 0% tensile pre-
strain, at strain amplitudes varying in the range 0.6–1.75%; Under strain-controlled circumstances at three dif-
ferent strain ratios [−1, 0, and 0.5] with strain amplitudes varying in the range 0.60–1.75%. The outcomes indi-
Strain ratio
cate that the material demonstrates a cyclic strain-softening behavior whose degree rises with rising values of
strain ratio and reducing values of strain amplitude. The material demonstrates a non-Masing behavior for
CT
higher strain amplitudes amid the interval [1.00%−1.75%]. The material demonstrates a nearly-Masing behav-
ior for lower strain amplitudes amid the interval [0.6%−0.85%]. Under non-zero mean strain, a total relaxation
of mean stress is observed at higher strain amplitudes, whereas at lower strain amplitudes, no such behavior is
observed.
RE

1. Introduction
In recent years, much improvement has been built on the growth of
aerospace materials for structural and engineering applications. Al-
based alloys created for the aerospace industry have exceptional advan-
tages [1–3]. Al-based alloys have been influential in aerospace materi-
OR
tigue injury is caused by the concurrent action of cyclic stress, tensile
stress, and plastic strain. When the load quantities are low, stresses and
strains are linearly linked; at high load quantities in the low-cycle fa-
tigue (LCF) system, the cyclic stress–strain reaction and the material be-
havior are best modelled under strain-controlled conditions. The strain-
based method for fatigue problems is widely used at present, especially

als for over 80 years [4–6]. An indispensable aim in the study of the fa-
tigue process is the calculation of the fatigue lifespan of a structure or
machine part exposed to given stress–time history. To allow this esti-
mate, complete information about the reaction and performance of the
alloy exposed to cyclic loading is essential. In addition to the cyclic
stress–strain response classification, quantitative data on resistance to
crack commencement and expansion are of crucial importance [7–9].
C
in the LCF loading of machine parts and structures [10]. The phenome-
non of the fatigue crack growth (FCG) in engineering component has
become one of the most important issues [11–15]. Al-based alloys can
be heated, treated, and loaded to a relatively high level of stresses. 2000
series Al-based alloys are mainly alloyed with copper, and they are heat
treatable to a strength comparable to steel. Copper has a solubility in Al
at the amount of 5.65 wt%. 2000 series Al-based alloys possess superior

According to Yahya and Mallik, fatigue is the progressive, localised, damage tolerance and better fatigue resistance than other series Al-
and permanent structural transformation that arises in a material ex- based alloys, for example, 2024 alloy, which has been widely studied as
posed to recurring or fluctuating strains at nominal stresses that have an aircraft fuselage material where the damage tolerance is a prime
UN

maximum values less than (and often much less than) the static yield consideration. However, the relatively low yield strength limits the use
strength of the material [10]. As further stated by Yahya and Mallik, fa- of 2024 alloy in the high-stress region [7]. The copper and magnesium

Corresponding author.
⁎

E-mail addresses: jagtar.singh@my.jcu.edu.au (J. Singh), greg.wheatley@jcu.edu.au (G. Wheatley), ricardo.branco@dem.uc.pt (R. Branco),
Fernando.ventura@dem.uc.pt (F.V. Antunes), masoudinejad@uestc.edu.cn (R. Masoudi Nejad), filippo.berto@ntnu.no (F. Berto).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.106747
Received 14 December 2021; Received in revised form 14 January 2022; Accepted 17 January 2022
0142-1123/© 2021
J. Singh et al. International Journal of Fatigue xxx (xxxx) 106747

F
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Fig. 10. Half-life hysteresis loops at strain amplitudes of 1.5% and 0.70% for three strain.

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