PANCHANGAM

Panchanga introduction
The Panchanga is a combination of five factors that show time namely Vaara
(day of the week), Nakshatra, Tithi, Karana, and Nithyayoga.
 
There are 7 weekdays:
The time from one sunrise to the other is called Vaara or weekday.
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday
27 stars
Aswini, Bharani, Krittika, Rohini, Mrigasira, Ardra, Punarvasu, Pushyami,
Ashlesha, Makha, Purvaphalguni, Utaraphalguni, Hasta, Chitra, Swati,
Vishakha, Anuradha, Jyeshta, Moola, Purvashada, Uttarashada, Shravana,
Dhanishta, Satabhisha, Purvabhadra, Uttarabhadra, Revati
Tithi
Tithi is the value when the longitude of Sun is deducted from the longitude of
Moon. Nithyayogam is the value of addition of these two longitudes. There are
15 Tithis, namely Pradhama, Dwitheeya, Thritheeya, Chathurthi, Panchami,
Shashthi, Saptami, Ashtami, Navami, Dasami, Ekadasi, Dwadasi, Thrayodasi,
Chaturdasi, Pournami/Amavasya.
Karanam
Karanam is half of Tithi. There are 28 Tithis from Shukla Pradhama
Uttarashada to Krishna Chathurdasi Purvashada. So there are 56 Karanams.
Charakaranas
1) Lion (Bava),   2) Tiger (Balava),  3)  Pig    (Koulava),   4)  Ass   (Taitila),  5) 
Elephant (Gara),  6)  Cow  (Vanija),    7)  Vishti (Bhadra).
These 7 Charakaranas are repeated 8 times.
The four Karanas including Shukla Pradhama’s Purvashada, Krishna
Chathurdasi’s Uttarashada and the two parts of Amavasi are permanent
karanas. These come only once. They are 1) Bird (Sakuna) 2) Four-legged
animal (Chatushpada)  3) Snake (Naga)  4) Worm (Kimstugna).
27 Nithyayogas
1) Vishkambha, 2) Preethi, 3) Ayushman, 4) Soubhagya, 5) Shobhana, 6)
Athiganda, 7) Sukarma, 8) Dhrithi, 9) Soolam, 10) Ganda, 11) Vridhi, 12)
Dhruva, 13) Vyaghatha, 14) Harshana, 15) Vajra, 16) Siddhi, 17) Vyathipatha,
18) Variyan, 19) Parigha, 20) Shiva, 21) Siddha, 22) Sadhya, 23) Subhra, 24)
Braahma,  25) Mahendra, 26) Vaidhruthi, 27) Shubha
Their length, as the length of the stars, is 13 degree 20 minutes. Nithyayoga is
the sum of the longitudes of Sun and Moon.
 
 Astrology Time Measurements
 
1 vighati = 24 seconds
2.5 vighati = 1 minute
60 vighati = 1 ghati = 24 minutes
2.5 ghati = 1 hour
60 ghati = 24 hours = 1 day
7 days = 1 week
2 weeks = A fortnight (Paksha) (It has been divided into Krishnapaksha and
Suklapaksha)
2 paksha = 1 month
2 months = 1 season
6 months = 1 ayana
2 ayanams = 1 Year
 
There are 12 months – Chaithram, Vaishākham, Jyeshtham, Āshādham,
Srāvanam, Bhādrapadam, Āśwēyujam, Kārthikam, Mārgaśiram, Pushyam,
Māgham and Phālguṇam.
 
There are 6 seasons – Spring, Summer, Monsoon, Autumn, Winter and Late
Autumn.
 
There are 2 Ayanas – Dakshiṇāyaṇa and Uttarāyaṇa
 
 
One lunar day is called Tithi.
 
There are 15 tithis in one paksha. They are the following:
 
Pradhama, Dwithiya, Thrithiya, Chathurthi, Panchami, Shashti, Sapthami,
Ashtami, Navami, Daśami, Ekādaśi, Dwādaśi, Thrayodaśi, Chathurdaśi,
Amāvāsya / Pourṇami.
 
One lunar month contains thirty days from Prathipādam to Amāvāsya. The
daily rotation of the stellar sphere makes one star day. A Savana Day is of 60
Ghatis duration from one sunrise to the next sunrise. Thus, 360 Savana days
form a Savana year. 365.25 days make a solar year (Souravarsham). Kalpa is
one year of Lord Brahma and is equal to our 4,32,00,00,000 years.
 
There are four Yugas, namely:
 
1. Krutha or Satya = 17, 28,000 human years
2. Thretha = 12,96,000 human years
3. Dwāparam = 8, 64,000 human years
4. Kali = 4,32,000 human years
 
These four Yugās together form the Mahāyuga which spans 4,320,000 years.
The Kali Yuga is believed to have begun in 3102 BC
 

Rahu Kaal or Rahu Kaalam in Jyotish: 

According to the so called astrologers, Rahu Kaal or Rahu Kaalam is a period
of 1.5 hours in every day of week which is not considered as auspicious for
any important work like marriage, griha pravesh, inauguration of a new shop
or enterprise. It comes on different times on different days. It is baseless
concept and not a part of Astrology.
 

Day Rahu Kaalam

Monday 7:30a.m. - 9:00a.m.

Tuesday 3:00p.m. - 4:30p.m.

Wednesday 12:00noon - 1:30p.m.

Thursday 1:30p.m. - 3:00p.m.

Friday 10:30a.m. - 12:00noon

Saturday 9:00a.m. - 10:30a.m.

4:30p.m. - 6:00p.m.
Sunday