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    Atlantic Coast - Gulf of Alaska: Source: After Myers Et A!. (1969)

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    NEILS
    Port design and construction must account for wind and gust factors. Gusts are short bursts of wind that can be 1.25 to 1.61 times the average hourly wind speed. Gusts of 0.5-5 seconds are important for structural design as they match the natural periods of most structures. When designing for wind loads, engineers typically use an average gust factor of 1.25 to 1.45. Vertical gusts must also be considered in port and facility design.

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    Atlantic Coast - Gulf of Alaska: Source: After Myers Et A!. (1969)

    Uploaded by

    NEILS
    2 views1 page
    Port design and construction must account for wind and gust factors. Gusts are short bursts of wind that can be 1.25 to 1.61 times the average hourly wind speed. Gusts of 0.5-5 seconds are important for structural design as they match the natural periods of most structures. When designing for wind loads, engineers typically use an average gust factor of 1.25 to 1.45. Vertical gusts must also be considered in port and facility design.

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    Port design and construction must account for wind and gust factors. Gusts are short bursts of wind that can be 1.25 to 1.61 times the average hourly wind speed. Gusts of 0.5-5 seconds are important for structural design as they match the natural periods of most structures. When designing for wind loads, engineers typically use an average gust factor of 1.25 to 1.45. Vertical gusts must also be considered in port and facility design.

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    Atlantic Coast - Gulf of Alaska: Source: After Myers Et A!. (1969)

    Uploaded by

    NEILS
    Port design and construction must account for wind and gust factors. Gusts are short bursts of wind that can be 1.25 to 1.61 times the average hourly wind speed. Gusts of 0.5-5 seconds are important for structural design as they match the natural periods of most structures. When designing for wind loads, engineers typically use an average gust factor of 1.25 to 1.45. Vertical gusts must also be considered in port and facility design.

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    of 1

    Port Design and Construction 15

    over the sea are associated with the wind at


    higher elevations and atmospheric stability.
    Bretschneider (1969) summarizes gust
    0.4 r---.---.---.-~--.-----.----.
    factors for various durations and various
    mean hourly wind speeds as follows: For
    mean hourly speeds from 20 to 80 knots
    0.2 "•\ \

    1\ \\\"-.~
    o.q-- \
    ---ATLANTIC COAST
    - · - NORTH SEA
    - - - - GULF OF ALASKA 10
    (approximately 10-40 mjs), the 1 min gust
    \ •1
    \ \
    - - GULF OF MEXICO
    averages 1.25 times the mean hourly speed,
    \ \ ~\ whereas the 5- and 0.5-s (instantaneous)
    \ \ .....
    \ \\\. 25 average gust factors are 1.48 and 1.61, re-
    \ \\ ..... spectively. It should be pointed out that
    \\\ \ ..
    \\\ ·,.. 50 short-duration gusts of 0.5-5 s are within
    \" \ ·.
    ~\ ·•·.•. the range of the natural harmonic periods
    ,,\ ·····.... 100
    0.01
    of most structures. In most practical de-
    signs for calculating the effects of wind
    0.00460'~-=.,---::,00::-----,:::,:--~ ..:-.---,,:::,.----:-:,.,::----'
    pressures, an average gust factor in a range
    MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINO IN KNOTS from 1.25 to 1.45 is considered. Detailed
    information on gust and gust effects on
    Figure 1-5. Long-term wind speed versus return
    period for selected offshore regions. (From OCS Oil and
    structure response to gusty winds is found
    Gas-An Environmental Assessment, 1974.) in Davenport (1977) and other relevant lit-
    erature.
    Last but not least, the possibility of verti-
    cal gusts must not be overlooked. At heights

    Table 1-2. Wind speed versus operational criteria

    Effect on Operations•
    Beaufort Scale I Wind Speed
    Seaman's Descriptions (knots) Vessel Facilities

    0 Calm 0-1
    1 Light air 1-3
    2 Light breeze 4-6
    3 Gentle breeze 7-10
    4 Moderate breeze 11-16
    5 Fresh breeze 17-21 i
    6 Strong breeze 22-27 Berthing limit i
    ! Crane operations
    cease!
    7 Near gale 28-33 Tugboat
    limit i
    8 Fresh gale 34-40 Ferry operations Loading arms
    cease disconnected
    9 Strong gale 41-47 Emergency mooring lines !
    10 Whole gale 48-55 Larger vessels Facilities
    put to sea secured,
    cranes lashed, etc.
    11 Storm 56-63
    12 Hurricane 64-71
    • Because of wind alone, wave action at exposed locations may result in greater limitations.
    Source: After Myers et a!. (1969).

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