• it identifies features or aspects of existing products that could be improved, eg reducing

the cost, adding extra features, making it easier or more comfortable to use, or
making it look more attractive to certain groups
• it can identify technologies or ideas that could be transferred or applied to a new
function or area
The research from analysing existing products can be collated and used to inform your
design specification and design ideas. It can also help work out the cost of manufacturing a
product, including how much material is needed and what machinery is required. The
percentage profit can be worked out from this and can be improved by lowering production
costs, eg by using cheaper materials or fewer workers.

The following questions can help with analysis:

• Aesthetics - What does the product look like? What is the colour, texture, pattern
and decoration of the product?
• Client and user requirements - Who would buy the product and when would they use
it? How well does the product do its job when compared to others? How marketable
is it to the user?
• Environment - Is the product sustainable and/or environmentally friendly? Is it
recyclable? Can it be easily repaired rather than thrown away?
• Size - What is the size of the product? Is it comfortable to use? Is it a similar size to
other products with the same use?
• Scale of production - Which processes were used to make the product? Which
type of production method was used (one-off, batch or mass)?
• Cost - How much did it cost to make? How much does it cost to buy? Is it
considered good value by the consumer?
• Function - What is the function and purpose of the product? How well does it work?
Could it be improved?
• Materials and components - What materials and components have been used to
make the product? Why were these materials and components used?

2. Value Engineering and Value Analysis

Value analysis is the systematic application of recognized techniques which identify the
function of a product or service, establish a monetary value for the function and provide the
necessary function reliably at the lowest overall cost. Value analysis is used when the
company’s product show decline in sales, company’s prices are higher than those of its
competitors, raw materials cost has gone up suddenly, new