North American University

Education Department
EDLE & CUIN
EDUC 5312: CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN

Name: Muhammed Toker Date: 18.04.2022

Instructional Project 3

Directions:

This is a research assignment. Use your textbook, web articles, and NAU library to conduct resear
when writing this paper.

Use APA style references and in-text- citations. You need to use at least 3 different resources
besides Castronova (2002), and Moore (2015).

Part 1. DISCOVERY LEARNING:

Download and read the following article:

 Castronova, J. A. (2002). Discovery learning for the 21st century: What is it and how
does it compare to traditional learning in effectiveness in the 21st century. Action
Research Exchange, 1(1), 1-12. Retrieved from
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.594.6363&rep=rep1&type=pdf
 After reading this article and conducting additional research, answer to the following
questions.

What is discovery learning?

In 21st century, companies are searching for employees that are better collaborators and problem
solvers. Bruner says that first objective of any learning is that it should serve us in the future (2009
To fulfill that demand a new method emerged: discovery learning. It includes instructional modal
which aims active and hands on learning. Main characteristics of it are problem solving, being
student-driven and integrating new knowledge and existing one (Castronova, 2002).

How does this form of teaching compare to traditional, teacher-centered instruction?

Learning is active as students are searching for knowledge. Instead of focusing the result, process
learning is important in discovery learning, which leads deeper understanding. Failure is critical pa
of the process as it shows students learn something. Feedback improves learning.
What educational theories support the discovery learning model?

Dewey’s, Piaget’s, and Vygotsky’s educational theories support discovery learning. John Dewey
believes that students learn through interaction. They should participate in learning activities
interchangeably and flexibly in a variety of social settings (Williams, 2017). Piaget refutes the belief
that child id an empty vessel, and he says a child is constantly building new knowledge upon hat is
already available. Vygotsky’s theory focuses on zone of proximal development in which a child can
accomplish some more complex problems through help of his peers or teachers.

What is the most important thing you discovered about discovery learning?

I discovered that asking questions to answer students’ questions is an effective of learning, which
learning by reflection. I haven’t realized how useful and active learning it would be if applied
correctly. What I discovered is also importance of research for new learning methods. As a teache
have a style to teach but as time progress we need to improve our teaching accordingly to keep up
the pace of time. As we research, we can find some new method of learning which will be really
useful to apply fully or partially to our lesson.

How can you apply this method to your future classroom?

I am planning to apply this method in my lesson through use of incidental learning and learning by
reflection. Although I use some educational games, it is not that often. I can use Quizlet more often
With Quizlet students can create vocabulary flashcard. It also includes some games like matching
quiz, etc. A research shows that Quizlet is effective to increase students’ motivation in learning
vocabulary, felt more enthusiastic, and used the application independently (Setiawan & Wiedarti,
2020). Another method I will apply in my lesson is asking students questions to find their answers.
students discover a grammar rule, for instance, they can learn more effectively.

Part 2. ADDITIONAL CHAPTERS

 Select one of the following chapters to conduct research: Chapter 2, 3, 5 or 12. Revie
the chapter and respond to related questions for that chapter by conducting your ow
research.

Chapter 2- Teaching Diverse Students

1. Teaching all students. Remember that a teacher’s job is to teach all students and assume
an attitude that all students can learn. Research techniques and strategies that can be used to
accomplish this task. Sources of information include the library, the Internet, current journals,
and recent books.
To be able to teach all students or to have a belief that all students can learn is directly
connected with teachers’ expectations (Johnston et al., 2019). If teachers expect students to be
motivated or hardworking, they tend to be so. The expectations don’t have to be unrealistic to achieve
intended result, rather they need to be realistic. This means teachers know their students and have
expectation according to their skills, needs and intelligence. Teachers will not expect similar academic
success for a student with special needs and talented students. When teachers set their expectations, they
 need to be aware that all students may have different intelligence areas which requires variation in
instruction and activities -differentiated instruction-. If a teacher provide instruction just according to
someone whose musical talent is strong and expects everyone to understand their fullest, that means
his/her expectation is not realistic.

2. Intelligence profile. Evaluate your own intelligence profile according to Gardner. In what
frames of mind (intelligence areas) do you come out strongest?

After I evaluate my intelligence profile, I think I come out strongest in Logical-mathematical wh

is the ability to use numbers and being sensitive to numerical patterns.

Part 3. REFERENCES:
 Cite at least 5 References in APA.
 You need to use at least 3 different resources besides Castronova (2002), and Moore
(2015).
 You may use http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-journal for citing your sourc
in APA style.

References:

BRUNER, J. S. (2009). The Process of Education. United States: Harvard University Press.

Castronova, J. A. (2002). Discovery learning for the 21st century: What is it and how does it comp
to traditional learning in effectiveness in the 21st century. Action Research Exchange, 1(1), 1-12.
Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.594.6363&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Johnston, O., Wildy, H., & Shand, J. (2019). A Decade of teacher expectations research 2008–2018: Histori
Foundations, new developments, and future pathways. Australian Journal of Education, 63(1), 44–73.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0004944118824420

Moore, K. D. (2015). Effective instructional strategies: From theory to practice. SAGE.

Setiawan, M. R., & Wiedarti, P. (2020). The effectiveness of Quizlet application towards students’ motivati
in learning vocabulary. Studies in English Language and Education, 7(1), 83–95.
https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v7i1.15359

Williams, M. K. (2017). John Dewey in the 21st Century - ed. Retrieved April 19, 2022, from
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1158258.pdf