Name: Soco, Larah D.

Major, Year & Sec. BIT- Computer 1A Night

Define the following terms based on your own point of view

1.) History

2.) Primary source

3.) Secondary source

4.) internal criticism

5.) external criticism

6.) archives

7.) repositories

1.) History - The word history is derived from the Greek term “historia” which means “ inquiry or
research”. It is the study and the documentation of the past. Events before the invention of writing
systems are considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the
memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians
seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and
material artifacts, and ecological markers.

2.) Primary source - A primary source is a first-hand or contemporary account of an event or topic. They
are the most direct evidence of a time or event because they were created by people or things that
were there at the time or event. These sources have not been modified by interpretation and offer
original thought or new information. Primary sources are original materials, regardless of format.
Examples are historical and legal documents, eyewitness accounts, results, experiments, statistical data,
pieces of creative writing, audio-video recordings, speeches, and art objects, interview surveys,
fieldwork, and Internet communications via email, blogs, and newsgroups.

3.) Secondary source - Secondary sources were created by someone who did not experience first-hand
or participate in the events or conditions you’re researching. For a historical research project, secondary
sources are generally scholarly books and articles. A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary
sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may contain
pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources. Examples are those found in newspapers or popular
magazines, book or movie reviews, or articles written in scholarly journals that discuss or evaluate
someone else’s original research.
4.) internal criticism - Internal criticism, aka positive criticism, is the attempt of the researcher to restore
the meaning of the text. This is the phase of hermeneutics in which the researcher engages with the
meaning of the text rather than the external elements of the document.

5.) external criticism - External criticism refers to the authenticity of the document. Once a document
has been determined to be genuine (external criticism), researchers need to determine if the content is
accurate (internal criticism). We conduct historical research for a number of reasons: – to avoid the
mistakes of the past.

6.) archives - Archives are the documentary by-product of human activity retained for their long-term
value. They are contemporary records created by individuals and organizations as they go about their
business and therefore provide a direct window on past events. They can come in a wide range of
formats including written, photographic, moving image, sound, digital and analogue. Archives are held
by public and private institutions and individuals around the world.

7.) repositories - The word Repository can refer to a central place where data can be stored or
maintained, the term Repository can also refer to a certain place which is specifically used to store
digital data, it can refer to a site where e-prints are situated. Repository also means a place where many
multiple databases or files are located which is later used for distribution over a specific network. It can
also refer to a computer location which is directly accessible to the user without him searching or
logging on to the entire network. In short Repository means a place where anything is stored which can
later be used again.