GOVERNMENTPOLYTECHNI

C,
JI
NTUR
APr
ojectRepor
tOn
I
mpl
i
ment
ati
onofBi
nar
yto
Gr
aycodeConv
ert
er(
4Bi
t)

Submi
tt
edby:
-
1)
Shi
ndeKunal
Bal
asaheb.(
CO222)
2)
Sol
ankeDur
geshSuni
l
.(CO223)
3)
Kut
eGopal
Pral
had.(
CO224)

Gui
deby:
-
Rangnat
hGi
rheSi
r.

SUBMI
TTEDTO:
-
Gov
ernmentpol
ytechni
c,j
i
ntur
Foracademi
cyear2021-
2022

1
 MAHARASHTRASTATEBOARDOF
TECHNICALEDUCATI
ON
Cer
ti
fi
cat
e
Thisist ocert
ifythatMr .KUTEGOPALPRALHADRAO.Rol lNo.CO
-224ofThi r
dSemest erOfDi pl
omai nComput erEngineeri
ngof
Inst
itute , Gov ernment Pol yt
echni
c Jintur (code.
0094) has
compl eted the t erm wor k sat
isf
actor
il
y in Cour se Digi
tal
Techni ques(22320)f ortheacademi c year2021 to 2022 as
prescribedinthecurri
cul um

Pl
ace:
Jint
ur Enr
oll
mentNo:
2000940065

Dat
e:………….
. Exam .
SeatNo.:
…………………

Subj
ectTeacher HeadOfTheDepar
tment
Pri
nci
pal

2
 I
ndex
SR.NO. Cont
ent PageNO.
1) Acknowl edgement 4
2) I
ntr oduction 5
3) Conv erti
ngbi nar
ytograycode. 6
4) Component s 8
5) Bl
ockDi agr am 9
6) CircuitDiagr am 10
7) Uses, Adv antages. 11
8) Disadv ant agesConcl
usionand 12
Ref erence

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Wet hreestudent sofComput erengi neeringinGov ernment

Polyt
echnicJinturarepr epari
ngadi git
alt echniquespr ojectname
"I
mplement ati
onofBi nar ytoGr aycodeConv erter.
"Wegett his
proj
ectbecauseoft hi
spr ojectiseasyt odesi gnandal soeasyt o
l
earn .Af t
erwedeci ded to getgi v
en pr oject.Wecol l
ectal l
i
nformationandcomponent soft hispr oject.Usi ngcomponent s
weMakeaci r
cuittoconv er
tbinaryt oGr aycode.Thi sci r
cui tuse
forconvert
ingbinarytoGr aycodeandeasyt olear nt
hisconv ert
ing
consept.DearGi r
heSirWeThanky ouf orinspi r
ingandgui dingf or
thi
sprojectandhel pi
ngt omaket hi
spr oject..
..
...

4
 I
NTRODUCTI
ON

WHATI
SBI
NARYCODE:
-

BINARYcodei
sawayofrepr
esent
ingthet
ext
ort
hedat
a
gener
atedbyt
hecomput
ersandot
herdevi
ces

Inbinarycodingt
hetextort
hedat
aisr
epr
esent
edi
na
st
ream ofbit
sofl'sandO'
s.

thatiswei
ghtedas..
8,4,
2,
1.soforf
oming7,youj
ustneed
I
11.
similar
computati
onforotherdeci
malnumber
s.

WHATAREGRAYCODES:
-

GRAYCODESarenonwei ght
edcodes,thatist
heycan'
tbe
pr
ovi
ded a wei
ght to cal
culatet hei
r equi
val
ent i
n deci
mal
.
Gr
aycodesar
eof
tencal
ledref
lectedbinar
ycode.

thereasonisclearifyoucomparethecol
umnofgr aycode
wi
ththebi narycode.grayCodei sasy mboli
crepr
esent
ati
onof
di
scr
eteinf
or mat
ion.Codesareofdi
ff
erentty
pes.

Gr
ayCodeisoneoft hemosti mportantcodes.Iti
sanon-
weightedcodewhichbelongstoaclassofcodescal l
edminimum
changecodes.I nthiscodeswhi l
et r
aversi
ngfrom onestep to
anothersteponlyonebi tinthecodegr oupchanges.Incase
ofGrayCodetwoadj acentcodenumbersdi f
fersfr
om eachother
byonlyonebit.Theideaofitcanbeclearedf r
om thetabl
egiven
below.

5
Bi
nar
ytoGr
aycodeConv
ert
er:
-

TheBI NARYt oGRAYCODECONVERTERi sadi git

alcircuit
thatisused to conv ertthebinaryi nputi ntot hecor responding
equival
entgr aycodeati t
soutput.Theci rcuiti sasi mpl edigital
cir
cuitwhichempl oyst heuseofEx- ORgat eICf oritsoper ati
on.
The outputoft he circuiti.
e.t he Gr ay Code;f inds v ar
ious
practi
cal
applicat
ions.TheGr aycodewasor iginall
ydesi gnedt o
preventspuriousout putf r
omelectromechani calswi t
ches.Today ,
Graycodesar ewi delyusedtof acili
tateer
r orcor rect
ioni ndigital
communi cati
ons such as di git
alt errestr
ialtelevi
sion and some
cableTVsy stems

Bi
nar
ytoGr
aycodeconv
ersi
on:
-

1)
Themostsi
gni
fi
cantbi
t(
MSB)i
nGRAY andBI
NARY codei
s
si
mil
ar.

2)Ot
herbi
tsar
eobt
ainedbvXORoper
ati
onoft
woAdj
ace.

6
 Tabl
eofconv
ert
ingBi
nar
ytoGr
aycodeConv
ert
ati
on.
Deci
malnumber Binar
ycode Graycode
0 0000 0000
1 0001 0001
2 0010 0011
3 0011 0010
4 0100 0110
5 0101 0111
6 0110 0101
7 0111 0100
8 1000 1100
9 1001 1101
10 1010 1111
11 1011 1110
12 1100 1010
13 1101 1011
14 1110 1001
15 1111 1000

Exampl
e:-conv
ert1011Bi
nar
ytoGr
ayCode.

7
Component
s:-

S.
NO. Nameof Quant
it
y Rat
e Amount
Component
1) Breadboard 1 ₹60 ₹60
2) IC7486 1 ₹40 ₹40
3) Resistor(
220Ω) 12 ₹3 ₹36
4) LED( redandgreen) 8 ₹3 ₹24
5) Buttons 4 ₹3 ₹12
6) Connect i
ngWires 20 ₹7.
5 ₹150
7) Battery 1 ₹50 ₹50
Tot
alamountofmi cropr
oject:
- ₹372

8
 Di
agr
am :
-

Bl
ockDi
agr
am ofI
C7486:
-

9
Ci
rcui
tdi
agr
am :
-

The7486 I C packagecontainsf ourindependentposi t

ive
l
ogicXORGATES. Pins14and7pr ov i
depowerf orallfourlogic
gates.
Out put
sofonegat ecanbeconnect edtoinputsofanot her
wit
hint hesamechi portoanotherchipasl ongast heysharet he
same gr ound.The f i
guret othe lef
ti
llust
rat
es a basic cir
cuit
showinghowt owireinputsandusi
ngLEDst odispl
ayoutputs.
Use
cauti
onwhenwi nngchi pandbesur et ocheckwhi chpinsar e
outputsandinput
s!

XORGATELogi
c-Rul
es:

TheoutputisHIGHwhenoneORt heot herinputi

sHI GH,but
NOT bot h.Ifbot
hinputsarehigh outputwi l
lbeLOW. DTO pin
number14 Of rIC 7486 Vcc is applied& pin number7 i s
grounded.2)
Assemblet heci
rcui
tonbr eadboar d,asperabov e
di
agam. 3)Givethelogi
cali
nputsandcheckf ortheproperoutput
,
asperthet r
uthtabl
e.

10
Uses:
-

Bi
narygrayCodeisanonli
netoolusedindigit
alcomputati
on
toconvertBinaryoodeintoit
sequivalentgraycode.Fr om the
above,thiscalcul
atoriscompr i
sesoft wo convert
ersnamely
Binaryto gray Code Conver
ter and i tis separated by t
he
respect
iveradi
obuton.

.
thegraycodingismeantf orminimi
zingbiterror
sby causi
ngadjacentwor dstoonlybeonebi tofffrom thei
rneighbour s.
Thatway ,abitofnoisethat'
sonlyenought opusht hereceived
si
gnaloverbyonespotint heconst
ell
ati
ononlycausesasinglebi t
er
ror.Contr
astthatwit
hwhatwoul dhappenifyouputDI l
l'nextto
'
1000,0000'nextto'
1|I
l'
,'
001l'
nextt
o'1100,etc.

Adv
ant
ages:
-

Advantageofgreycodeov erbinaryi
sonlyone-
bitchanges
foreachstep.Thi swil
lbeusefulincircui
tst
hataresensit
iveto
gli
tches.Exampl e:Whenyouusegr eycodet otr
imt heoutput
i
mpedanceofI O bl
ocks,t
hei
rwon' tbeahugej umpi ncodes
moment ari
lythatwoul
dcausereflect
ion.

Themainadvantageofusi ngbi
naryisthati
tisabasewhich
i
seasil
yrepresent
edbyel ect
ronicdevices.TheBinaryNumber
Syst
em ar
eal soeaseofusei ncodi ng,fewercomputati
onsand
l
esscomputati
onaler
rors.

11
Di
sadv
ant
age:
-

Gray Code i
s Ref
lect
ive Bi
nary code.One ofthe mai
n
di
sadv
antagesofGraycodeisthatitisverydi
ff
icul
ttocomeup
wi
thanari
thmeti
clogi
cunitt
osupportGraycode.

Themaj ordi
sadvant
ageofbi
narynumberi
sdi
ff
icul
ttoread
andwrit
ef orhumansbecauseofl ar
genumberofbinaryofa
equi
val
entdecimalnumber.

CONCLUSI
ON

I
ntegrat
ingf eat
uresofal lthehardwarecomponentsused
havebeendev elopedinit
.Usi nghi
ghlyadvancedI
C'switht
hehelp
of growing t echnol
ogy,t he project has been successf
ull
y
i
mplement ed.Thust hepr ojecthasbeensuccessf ul
l
ydesigned
andtested.

Ref
erence:
-

 Googl
e(br
owser
)

 Amazon

 Wi
ki
pidi
aandet
c.

THANKYOU!

12