i Dual Degree B.Sc. (Hon.) Physics LAB Manual Semester-I Exp: Magnetic Field Measurement Appratus UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE: DEENHANDHU CHHOTU RAM AVILA NOOTONIIDAL ANY Department of Physics i Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & ( Technology, Murthal, SonepatMAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENT APPARATUS INTRODUCTION Current carrying conductors produce magnet fleld around them. Study of thelr correlation, distribution of its strength in space around the conductor, effect of two current carrying conductors placed closely are of primary interest. First, In 1819, Hans Christian Orsted discovered that an electric current generates a magnetic field encircling It. Then in 1820, ‘André-Marie Ampére showed that parallel wires with currents attract one another If the currents are in the same direction and repel if they are in opposite directions, 1, Magnetic effect of electric current is one of the major effects of electric current in use, without the applications of which we cannot have motors in the existing world. 2. A current carrying conductor creates a magnetic field around it, which can be comprehended by using magnetic lines of force or magnetic field lines. The nature of the magnetic field lines around a straight current carrying conductor is concentric circles with centre at the axis of the conductor. 4, The strength of the magnetic field created depends on the current through the conductor. 5, The direction of the magnetic field lines of force around a conductor is given by ‘the Maxwell's right hand grip rule or the right handed corkscrew rule. Imagine that you are holding a current-carrying straight conductor in your right hand such that the thumb points towards the direction of current. Then your fingers will wrap around the conductor in the direction of the field lines of the magnetic field. This is known as right hand thumb rule. E present set-up aims towards this when the conductor is in the form of a circular coil. E EXPERIMENTS 1. To study the variation of magnetic field with distance along the axis of circular coil carrying current and calculate the diameter of the coil, imposition of magnetic field. 2. To study the principle of super IEF THEORY fe know, the intensity of magnetic field at a point ‘P, ying on the axis of a circular coil ‘AB’ of dius ‘a’ having ‘n’ turns at a distance ‘x’ from the centre ‘0’ of the coil in SI. units, is given by Ho — 2nnla? 4m @— xh s the current flowing through the coil - isthe permeability ofthe free space whichis equal to 4rax10 Aajm NT € units of B are Tesla or Wb/m2 direction of the magnetic intensity at P is along OP produced if the current flows through the inthe ant-clock-wise direction as Seen from P. i the direction of the current is clockwise the given by4nx10~7ntxi0* SO gauss IF we move away from O towards the right or left, the intensity of the magnetic field decreases. A raph showing the relation between the intensity of the magnetic field B and the distance xis given in Fig, 2. The curve is first conclave is first towards O but the curvature becomes less and less, quickly changes sign at P and Q and afterwards becomes convex towards 0. It can be shown that the points of inflexion P or Q where the curvature changes its sign lie at distance a/2 from the centre, Hence, the distance between P and Q is equal to the radius of the coil. PACKING LIST 1. Magnetic field setup with two coils (one fixed and one variable) (VMF-02) 2. Magnetic field measurement set-up with sensors 3, Constant current source Model BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS ‘As shown in Fig.1 the apparatus consists of three units viz. the main unit, constant current source ‘and magnetic field measurement system. 1. Coil set-up Model VMF-02 (To study the variation of magnetic field) It has two coils, one is fixed. The other coil and magnetic field sensor can be moved smoothly along the axis of the coils with the help of lead-screw system, independently. The position of coil and magnetic sensor could be read on two separate scales. SPECIFICATION Radius of coils 277.5 mm Number of turns 2500 2. Magnetic field measurement set-up Model MFMS-02/ (Gauss meter): A hall effect integrated chip is used to increase the temperature stability and sensitivity. Laser trimmed thin film resistors on the chip provides high accuracy and temperature compensation to reduce null and gain shift over temperature. SPECIFICATIONS Range : 0-200 Gauss Resolution ).1 Gauss Accuracy Display 7 segment LED display Transducer Hall Effect IC sensor 3. Constant current source Model VCS-02: Itis an IC regulated constant current source SPECIFICATION Current Range 10-500 mA . Line regulation 140.2% for + 10% mains variations Load regulation 0.2% for no to full load Display 13% digit, 7 segment LED display Power 1220 + 10%, 50 Hz Protection : Protected against overload/short circuit. The Provision have been ia to connect coil 1 or coil 2 separately or both the coils in series ition). (Helmholtz coil configura!SET-UP PROCEDURE 1 7. | Connect the sensor ¢; ir setup Mode! mace {3-pin) to the sensor socket with the magnetic field measurement banana plug chords sup aie ie } to the constant current source Model VCS-02 through the ols ela With the set-us Switch ‘ON’ the main’s ee ON’ tr ower of ma 7 constant current soures henge mae fad measurement set-up Model MFMS-02 and Turn the cur it pees rent adjusting knob of constant current source Model VCS-02 anti-clockwise to she minimum postion; so that the current is reduced t 0+ ‘eep the sensor pointer at -80 mm and adjust the zero of Gaussmeter with ‘ZERO ADI’ knob. Adjust the current to say 400. mA, Note own the magnetic field from -80 mm to +280 mm at a terval of 5 mm along the axis of the coils by shifting the position of sensor. Note all these readings in table, Fix the position of COIL 2 ata distance of 112 mm from the COIL 1 i.e. equal to the radius of the coils. . . 2, Connect coil 2 to the constant current source Model VCS-02 through the banana plug chords supplied with the set-up. Keep the current same as above and note down the magnetic field from -80 to +280 mm again at an interval of 5 mm. Note all these readings in table Connect Coil ! and Coil 2 in series as shown on the set-up and connect them to the source. Now again, note down the readings from -45 mm to +175 mm again at an interval of 5 mm. Note all these readings in table. Draw the graphs between distance and magnetic field due to COIL 1 and COIL 2 and both along the axis of coils as shown in Fig. 4. Observations and Tabulations: $.No. | Sensor Position COIL2 cone BOTH COILS field (mm) field (gauss) field (gauss) (Gauss) 01. -80 77, 03.5 at 02. me aa 03.6 112 03. -70 86 03.7 12.0 04. -65 94 03.8 126 05. -60 97 03.9 13S 06. “55 105 04.0 143 07. “50 11.0 04.1 15.2 08. “45 118 04.2 16.2 09. -40 126 04.4 17.2 10. “35 13.3 04.6 18.1 11. -30 14.0 04.7 19.0 22. 25 147 04.9 20.0 2B. -20 15.4 05.1 20.8 m4. “15 15.8 05.4 21.6 15. -10 16.0 05.7 217 16. -05 16.2 05.8 22.0oe 162 064 226 ae 16.2 06.8 234 oe 157 O74 236 a 15.1 08.0 236 eee 145 085 26 oe 13.7 09.3 236 a3, 128 10.0 23.6 a 12.0 10.8 234 40) at 11.0 23.2 +45 10.0 12.0 23.0 +50 09.4 12.6 22.8 +55 08.7 140 2A +60 079 14.6 22 +65 073 152 26 +70 067 162 22 +75 06.1 16.2 23 +80 05.6 154 202 +85 052 152 19.6 +90 048 148 192 +95 044 142 186 +100 042 BS 72 +105 04.0 128 16.0 +110 038 120 15.0 #15 036 i? 142 +120 34 103 30 125 09.6 123 +30 08.7 116 $135 08.2 106 +140 os 098 +145 07.0 09.2 +150 — 065 08.6 +155 06.1 08.0 +160 02.2 05.5 07.2+165 06.8 +170 06.2 +175 06.0 +180 05.6 +185 +190 +195 +200 o1s 4205 4210 +215 4220 +225 +230 03.3 4235 +240 4245 #250 4255 +260 +265 +270 9275, +280 4285 4290 #295 #300 015is flowing (i) It can be seen from the profile of magnetic field that when the current i: ‘ , ic field due through both the coll, magnetic field a any point is the sum of magnetic fi to colls 1 and coils 2 ie. when the current was flowing individually " ke i ver a (ii) Another important conclusion is that the magnetic field is very uniform o large space when the distance between the two current carrying coils is equal to the radius of the coils. This property is widely used in scientific and industrial applications Magnetic Field Measurement Apparatus Both-Coil at a dostance of radius of Magnetic Field (Gauss) ~0 : + -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 Sensor Distance (mm) Figure | EPRECAUTIONS 1) Care should by © taken that there is no stray magnetic field or ferromagnetic material, such as keys, screwdri ver etc. near the setup, while performing the experiment. Cy eS eT EA 2) The radius of the coil is calculated ‘om the cent S of the coil is calculated from the centre of winding, and not from the inside edge of the coil bobbin, Tl 3) The Zero of the Gaussmeter should be adjusted each time before beginning the experiment and verified after the completion of experiment by reducing the current in both the COILS to zero. __4)In order to avoid the interference of earth magnetic field the axis of coils should be East-West. Fig. 1 Complete Magnetic Field Measurement System (Two Coils method)