LN 272-1

Article code 10215288

- Standard Version 006

Tooth geometry of externally toothed gears

1. Scope of application and objective

This Liebherr standard (LN) specifies the tooth root geometry and the tooth profile for
external gears. It does not apply to large anti-friction bearings (GWL) or spur gears (ZAK).
This document also applies retrospectively to all gears designed before the validity of this
LN and whose drawings consequently do not yet contain an extended gear stamp with
reference to this standard.
The production and the tool stock are to be adapted accordingly after the introduction of the
Liebherr standard. As a rule, however, the existing tools should already comply with the
Liebherr standard. In the future, the standard will also ensure further standardisation of tools.

2. Application of Liebherr Standard

This Liebherr standard is applied as follows:

Article For internal

Use
linking use only

Article or component-specific Liebherr standard:

☒ The document is directly linked to an article or component and
is explicitly listed in the order
Yes No

☐ General Liebherr standard:

Document without direct reference to an article or component
No No

Article or component-specific Liebherr standard:

☐
For internal use only!
Yes Yes
The document is linked to an article or component and is not
listed in the order

General Liebherr standard:

☐ For internal use only!
Document without direct reference to an article or component
No Yes

Table 1

20.05.2021 COB Mr Hammele Mr Zell AKN

Date Works Created by Checked by Approved by

This document may not be copied or reproduced without prior approval. LN_DE_V005
This document was created electronically and is valid without a signature.
1/8
 LN 272-1
Article code 10215288
- Standard Version 006

Table of contents
1. Scope of application and objective ............................................................................................................... 1
2. Application of Liebherr Standard .................................................................................................................. 1
3. Other applicable documents ......................................................................................................................... 3
4. Requirement/description ............................................................................................................................... 4
4.1 Formula symbols used and sketch..................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Tooth root radius rhofP on gear stamp................................................................................................ 5
4.3 Reference profiles of gear cutting tools.............................................................................................. 5
4.3.1 Hobbing process ........................................................................................................................ 5
4.3.1.1 Hobbing .............................................................................................................................. 5
4.3.1.2 Generation grinding ........................................................................................................... 5
4.3.2 Profile method ............................................................................................................................ 5
4.3.2.1 Profile cutting ..................................................................................................................... 5
4.3.2.2 Profile grinding ................................................................................................................... 6
4.4 Root diameter df ................................................................................................................................. 6
4.4.1 Drawings with information on the root circle diameter ............................................................... 6
4.4.2 Drawings without information on the root circle diameter .......................................................... 6
4.5 Base form circle diameter dFf ............................................................................................................. 6
4.5.1 Drawings with information on the root form circle diameter ...................................................... 6
4.5.2 Drawings without information on the root form circle diameter ................................................. 7
4.6 Height crowning Calpha ........................................................................................................................ 7
5. Previous editions .......................................................................................................................................... 8
6. Changes since the last edition...................................................................................................................... 8
Appendices ........................................................................................................................................................ 8

This document may not be copied or reproduced without prior approval. LN_DE_V005
This document was created electronically and is valid without a signature.
2/8
 LN 272-1
Article code 10215288
- Standard Version 006

3. Other applicable documents

Standards

Reference profiles for involute gearing on spur gears

DIN 867 (cylindrical gears) for general mechanical engineering and
heavy machinery construction
Reference profiles of gear cutting tools for involute gears
DIN 3972
per DIN 867.
Terms and specification factors for spur gears (cylindrical
DIN ISO 21771 gears) and spur gear pairs (cylinder pairs) with involute
gearing
Cylindrical gears for general and heavy engineering -
ISO 53
Standard basic rack tooth profile
ISO 6336 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears
Table 2

Liebherr documents

10212005 (QSA 529-1) Specifications for profile milling and profile grinding
Table 3

This document may not be copied or reproduced without prior approval. LN_DE_V005
This document was created electronically and is valid without a signature.
3/8
 LN 272-1
Article code 10215288
- Standard Version 006

4. Requirement/description
4.1 Formula symbols used and sketch

Formula symbols

m Normal modulus [mm]

df Root circle diameter [mm]
df,nom Nominal root circle diameter on drawing [mm]
df,max Maximum root circle diameter on drawing [mm]
df,min Minimum root circle diameter on drawing [mm]
Nominal root circle diameter per calculation with calculation
df,nom,cal
software [mm]
Maximum root circle diameter per calculation with
df,max,cal
calculation software [mm]
Minimum root circle diameter per calculation with
df,min,cal
calculation software [mm]
dFf Root form diameter [mm]
dFf,max Maximum root form diameter on drawing [mm]
Nominal root form diameter per calculation with calculation
dFf,nom,cal
software [mm]
Head form diameter [mm] (identical to usable head
dFa
diameter dNa)
dNf Usable root circle diameter [mm]
rhof Tooth root radius [mm]
rhog Grinding notch radius [mm]
rhofP Root rounding radius of the reference profile [mm]
Head edge rounding radius of the tool reference profile
rhoaP0
[mm]
Safety distance between pre-milled tooth root and the head
s
of the grinding discs [mm]
Calpha Height crowning in the profile diagram [µm]
Table 4

Fig. 1: Relevant dimensions for tooth root geometry and tooth root profile (not to scale!)

This document may not be copied or reproduced without prior approval. LN_DE_V005
This document was created electronically and is valid without a signature.
4/8
 LN 272-1
Article code 10215288
- Standard Version 006

4.2 Tooth root radius rhofP on gear stamp

The radius rhofP is specified with the reference profile per DIN 867 and is shown on the
drawing in the gear stamp. As standard:

rhofP = 0.2*m or
rhofP = 0.38*m

Drawings prepared before the introduction of this Liebherr standard do not contain any
information about rhofP, but only the reference to a national or international Liebherr
standard. Here:

DIN 3972: rhofP = 0.2*m

ISO 53.2A: rhofP = 0.38*m

4.3 Reference profiles of gear cutting tools

The following definition of tools always applies when pre-machining is followed by finish-
machining.

4.3.1 Hobbing process

4.3.1.1 Hobbing
Hobbing cutters are to be designed in accordance with the Liebherr reference profile per
Appendix 2. The head height factor takes into account the modulus-dependent grinding
allowances and safety distances s. The head radius factor shall be designed as large as
possible, rounded to two decimal places and limited upwards at 0.38.

4.3.1.2 Generation grinding

The grinding tools are always designed with a head height factor of 1.25 and a head radius
factor of 0.38.

4.3.2 Profile method

4.3.2.1 Profile cutting
Gears manufactured using the profile method must have approximately the same tooth root
contour that would be produced in the hobbing method per section 4.3.1.1, because this is
also used for the design. The hobbing geometry can be approximated via multiple radii (for
details see QSA 529-1).

This document may not be copied or reproduced without prior approval. LN_DE_V005
This document was created electronically and is valid without a signature.
5/8
 LN 272-1
Article code 10215288
- Standard Version 006

4.3.2.2 Profile grinding

Gears that are profile ground should have the same contour that would result per section
4.3.1.2. If this is not feasible on the machine, a radius as large as possible shall be produced
while maintaining the root circle diameter and root form circle diameter (for details see QSA
529-1).

4.4 Root diameter df

4.4.1 Drawings with information on the root circle diameter

In addition to the nominal root circle diameter df,nom, the maximum root circle diameter df,max
and the minimum root circle diameter df,min are also indicated on the drawing.

4.4.2 Drawings without information on the root circle diameter

To cover additional tolerances during production, the minimum root circle diameter is
reduced by 0.1 mm.
On drawings without information on the root circle diameter df in the gear stamp, the root
circle diameter is calculated as follows:

df,nom = df,nom,cal
df,min = df,min,cal - 2 * s - 0.1 mm
df,max = Min (df,nom,cal ; (df,max,cal + df,min,cal) / 2 + "ISO 2768-m")

The safety distance depends on the modulus and can be found in Appendix 2.
To determine missing information in drawings for the root circle diameter, use the calculation
template in Appendix 1 of this LN.
The design in the calculation program always assumes finished machining. Standard value
for the root height factor of the reference profile is 1.25.

4.5 Base form circle diameter dFf

4.5.1 Drawings with information on the root form circle diameter

Here the root form circle diameter dFf,max to be executed is indicated on the drawing. The
value corresponds to the nominal root form circle diameter after calculation with calculation
software dFf,nom,cal.

This document may not be copied or reproduced without prior approval. LN_DE_V005
This document was created electronically and is valid without a signature.
6/8
 LN 272-1
Article code 10215288
- Standard Version 006

4.5.2 Drawings without information on the root form circle diameter

On drawings without information on the root form circle diameter d Ff in the gear stamp, the
maximum root form circle diameter is calculated as follows:

dFf,max = dFf,max,cal

Here dFf,max,cal denotes the maximum root form circle diameter from the calculation software
with the setting "Finishing machining only".
To determine the missing maximum root form circle dFf,max in drawings, use the calculation
template in Appendix 1 of this LN.

4.6 Height crowning Calpha

By default, gears are designed without crowning. This eliminates some of the problems
caused by the different definitions in design/calculation (height crowning throughout the
entire profile, added to a tip relief) and production/QA (height crowning only goes up to the
reference diameter of the tip relief).
Existing dressers with height crowning are retained due to the negligible amounts. There
are no specifications regarding height crowning for the dresser manufacturer.

This document may not be copied or reproduced without prior approval. LN_DE_V005
This document was created electronically and is valid without a signature.
7/8
 LN 272-1
Article code 10215288
- Standard Version 006

5. Previous editions

Version Edition

001 03.2012
002 04.2012
003 05.2012
004 30.01.2018
005 14.12.2020
Table 5

6. Changes since the last edition

 Section 4.4.2: Calculation of the minimum root circle diameter was changed.

Appendices

List of appendices

Help sheet for calculating the "root circle diameter and root
Appendix 1
form circle diameter per COB" gear stamp
Appendix 2 Liebherr reference profile for hobbing cutters
Table 6

This document may not be copied or reproduced without prior approval. LN_DE_V005
This document was created electronically and is valid without a signature.
8/8