Synovial Joints

Synovial - secreting from a membrane

Joint Description Diagram

Ball and socket Can move in all directions, so they have the greatest amount of movement.
joint Formed when the sphere shaped head of one bone fits into a rounded
cavity on the other bone
- Hip + shoulder joint

Hinge joint Bend (flex) or straighten (extend) in one direction only.

The surface of one bone is convex and it fits into a reciprocally shaped
concave surface.
- Elbow, knee, small bones between the phalanges of fingers and
toes

Gliding joint Out of all the synovial joints, gliding joints have the least amount of
movement.
The surfaces of the bones are flat (or slightly curved) and they glide back
and forth and from side to side across each other.
- Found between the carpal and tarsal bones

Pivot joint One bone forms a ring in which the other bone rolls or pivots, allowing
rotation of the joint.
- Radius rotates around the ulna at the radioulnar joint

Condyloid joint Formed where an oval (egg-shaped) convex surface fits into a reciprocally
shaped concave surface.
Allow movement in 2 directions.
- Between the radius and carpal bones of the wrist

Saddle joint Bones are shaped like a saddle and a rider sitting in the saddle.
Can move in 2 directions
- Between the metacarpal of the thumb and the carpal bone next to it

Joints can be classified as:

- Fibrous – No movement allowed
- Cartilaginous – limited range of movement
- Synovial – full range of movement

Joint - where two bones articulate

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqxYVa5GBK4&ab_channel=ThePhysicalEduc8or

Skeletal System - Prefixes

Appendicular
Append = to attach; to support

Diaphysis
Dia = passing through

Distal
Dist = away; further

Epiphysis
Epi = outermost

Meta (carpals, tarsals, physis)

Meta = after, beside

Endosteum
Endo = within, inner, absorbing

Periosteum
Peri = near, surrounding, enclosing

Proximal
Prox = close, near (proximity)

Skeletal System - Suffixes

Osteum
Osteo = bone

Sis - a state or a condition

Physis - a sense of growth

Skeletal System - Key Words

Axial
Axis - central point

Articulate - joining together, meeting

- Articular cartilage/capsule

Cavity - a space/hole
- Thoracic cavity
- Joint cavity

Cartilaginous tissue - protective

- Vertebrae protecting nervous tissues

Synovial - secreting from a membrane

Structure - the design, the make-up, contents, or components

Function - the outcome of the structure (the purpose, the roles, the responsibilities)
The function of connective tissue
Connective tissue is a group of tissues in the body that maintains the form of the body and its
organs, while also providing cohesion and internal support. The different types of connective
tissues vary, especially in their density. The different types of connective tissue are: bone,
ligaments, tendons, cartilage and fat tissue.

Cartilage
Cartilage is made up of a firm gel-like consistency, covering the ends of bones, that provides as
a shock absorber (cushion) to the bones when hit with high impact. When cartilage in the joint
is healthy, it effectively allows bending and straightening motion, while protecting the joint
against weight-bearing stresses. As well as this, cartilage gives shape, support, and structure to
the other body tissues.

Bone
The function of bone is to support your body to facilitate movement, protect delicate internal
organs and tissues, store calcium and fat, as well as produce blood cells. In addition, bones help
with the regulation of the endocrine system.

Ligaments
The function of ligaments are to attach bone to bone, allowing the structures to be held
together and stable. By doing this, they stabilize the joints and ensure that the bones in the
joint don’t twist too much or move too far apart and become dislocated.

Tendons
A tendon is a connective tissue joining muscle to bone while also resisting high forces and
transmitting them from muscle to bone. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure.
Tendons are bound together in tight sheets so that when a muscle contracts, tension is created
in the tendons and this will pull against the bone to cause movement.