STATISTICS

MODULE 2
Pre-test
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. D
9. C
10. B

LESSON 1
Activity 1
1. If you will conduct your research study, what method of data collection
are you going to use then identify what type of data collection?
I would like to prefer Indirect Method because it does not consume
too much time and that the respondents express more their opinions and
they have the freedom to express also their views and the fact that they
maybe want to answer the question since anonymity is maintained. They
will have a lot more confidence to answer rather keeping shy and just
thinking of what to say and stutter all the time.
It’ll be primary data since, every time a questionnaire is floated the
answers usually came from the respondents themselves therefore the
data gathered are from primary sources. Although the data need retouch
but the fact that it is collected directly from the source.

2. Site a sample scenario in each data collection and identify if it is

secondary or primary data.
Example for Direct Method is that, when you go around having
interview, group discussion, Focus and participatory approach for your
research culture diversity in mountain province. Primary data is usually
used in here since it directly came from the source. The data gathered
are collected from people who are most certainly needed for the research.
Also, the researchers are involved in the study.
Sample scenario for indirect method will be questionnaires. You’ll
be floating questionnaire and it’ll serve as your survey guide to collect
data regarding if citrus extract does relieve stress. Primary may be used
also in this method since you are acquiring the data needed directly from
the source.
Registration method is enforced by law, example is the number of
patients died, recovered or on the process of healing during this
pandemic on COVID-19. These usually are primary data since they come
directly from the hospital and the respondents are the exact data
recovered from the patient’s file.
Observation method, from the word observation, an example is
that you are to observe from a certain place or community some cultural
practices and some possible behaviors that the particular place have
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similarities in some way. This is a secondary data since you are to look
beyond and not to collect directly instead you are to observe. The
observed qualities or traits you intended to observed came from the
primary source itself and you are just to articulate it and/or arrange it.
There are two types of experimental method which are scientific
and non-scientific. Scientific experimental method for example is the
effectivity of developed vaccine for COVID-19 from the Philippines versus
that from Germany. As for non- scientific, an example is the comparison
between the cultures of yesterday to today’s culture. This’ll be secondary
data since you’ll be observing and that they don’t come directly from the
sources and that you usually pick up the data from the people.

Activity 2

1. How many respondents per municipalities if the breakdown of

population is as follows:

Municipality Barli Bauk Besa Bonto Paraceli Sabanga Sadang Sagad Natoni Tadia
g o o c s n a a n n
Population
152 365 110 323 3450 1320 950 130 1100 200
0 5 0 0 0 0
Responden
ts 317 316 293 356 358 307 281 306 293 333

2. Can you site an example or scenario that non probability sampling

has advantage to probability sampling?
Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique where the odds
of any member being selected for a sample cannot be calculated. While
probability sampling you can calculate the odds. The major advantage of
non-probability over probability sampling is that compared to probability
sampling, it’s cost and time effective. It is easy to use and can also be
used when it’s impossible to conduct probability sampling. Example is
when you have a very small population to work with.

3. In your own, differentiate the Stratified random sampling and cluster

sampling by giving and explain and example.
Stratified random sampling, sampling is done on elements within
each stratum. A random sampling is drawn from each of strata, whereas
in the cluster sampling only the selected clusters are sampled.
For example, in stratified sampling, a sample is drawn from each
stratum (using a random sampling method like simple random sampling
or systematic sampling). In the image below, let's say you need a sample
size of 6. Two members from each group (yellow, red, and blue) are
selected randomly. Make sure to sample proportionally: In this simple
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example, 1/3 of each group (2/6 yellow, 2/6 red and 2/6 blue) has been
sampled. If you have one group that's a different size, make sure to
adjust your proportions. For example, if you had 9 yellow, 3 red and 3
blue, a 5-item sample would consist of 3/9 yellow (i.e. one third), 1/3 red
and 1/3 blue. In cluster sampling, the sampling unit is the whole
cluster; Instead of sampling individuals from within each group, a
researcher will study whole clusters. In the image below, the strata are
natural groupings by head color (yellow, red, blue). A sample size of 6 is
needed, so two of the complete strata are selected randomly (in this
example, groups 2 and 4 are chosen).

4. Applying the formula , compare the sample size if we are going to use
1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% margin of error.
Margin of error Sample size
1%
2% 1668
3% 910
4% 556
5% 370

5. How many respondent can he/she have in the whole region? How many
respondent per province utilizing the proportional allocation stratified
random sampling? Utilizing equal allocation stratified random sampling.

POST TEST.

1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A