STS 0002 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Activity No. 3

Intellectual Revolutions in the History of Science

Name PARDO, Justine Alyssa B.

Student No. 2021-12217
Course BSTM 1-4
Group No. 6
Group Leader PEDROSA, Leslie Ann
Group Members:
1. MONTANO, Raven Kerry
2. MUSNI, Jesika Mariel
3. ORLINA, Aldrin Ryan
4. PADILLA, Kimberly Rose
5. PARDO, Justine Alyssa B.

Direction: Research about the different atomic models proposed by various scientists and complete the
table below. Cite the references used.

Name of Atomic Model What was correct with the What was wrong with the
Scientist model? model?
John Dalton Atomic Model (1808)  According to his  Atoms being
model, matter is indivisible. This was
made up of very proved wrong by the
small, indivisible discovery of
particles known as subatomic particles
atoms. (protons, electrons,
 Atoms of different neutrons).
elements can form  Atoms of the same
compounds. element have
 The relative identical mass and
number and kinds properties. This was
of atoms are proved wrong by the
constant in a given discovery of Isotopes
reaction. (two atoms of same
elements that have
different mass).
 Atoms of different
elements have
different mass and
properties. This was
proved wrong by the
discovery of Isobars
(atoms of different
 elements that have
the same mass).
Joseph John Plum-Pudding Model  He found that  The model failed to
Thompson atoms are consist mention the
of positive presence of a
(protons) and nucleus in the atom.
negative charged  The model could not
(electrons) account for the
particles. stability of the
 - The cathode ray is atoms.
composed of  The model also failed
negatively-charged to explain how the
particles. positive charge hold
 The particles must on the electron
exist as part of the inside the atom.
atom, since the  The particles must
mass of each exist as part of the
particle is only start atom, since the mass
fraction, 1, divided of each particle is
by, 2000, end only start fraction, 1,
fraction the mass divided by, 2000, end
of a hydrogen fraction the mass of a
atom. hydrogen atom.
 - These subatomic These subatomic
particles can be particles can be
found within atoms found within atoms
of all elements. of all elements.
Ernest Nuclear model  Discovery of the  Failed to explain
Rutherford center called about the
nucleus. arrangement of
 The center of an electron in an atom.
atom is the  Failed to explain the
nucleus. stability of atoms
 Atom is a planetary  Not in accordance to
model. Maxwell’s
 Electron revolves Electromagnetic
around the nucleus Theory.
with high velocities  Did not explain the
to counterbalance arrangement of
the forces of electrons around the
electrostatic forces nucleus.
of attraction  The main problem
between protons with Rutherford’s
and electrons. model was that he
 Size of the nucleus couldn't explain why
is very small negatively charged
electrons remain in
 compared to the orbit when they
size of the atom. should instantly fall
 Positive charge is into the positively
tightly compressed charged nucleus.
at the center of an
atom and all
electrons will be
revolving around
them.
 Electrons are
located outside the
nucleus
 Nucleus contains
relatively high
central charge
concentrated into
very small volume.
This small volume
also contains the
bulk of the atomic
mass of the atom.
Nucleus is
surrounded by
lighter and
negatively charged
electrons. His
model is
sometimes known
as the planetary
model of the atom.
Neils Henrik Planetary Model  Electrons around  The model failed to
David Bohr the nucleus in explain various
circular orbits intensities
under influence of  Model could not be
Coulomb attraction used to explain
to nucleus. spectral lines of
atoms with more
than on valence
electrons.
Erwin Rudolf Quantum Mechanical  The model showed  This model has a
Josef Model the quantization of drawback in that a
Alexander hydrogen atoms physical model of
Schrodinger energy levels could electrons as waves is
be calculated from difficult to imagine.
Schrodinger’s
 The Schrödinger
equation.
model considers the
electron to be a wave
  The atomic model and attempts to
uses quantum characterize the
mechanics to regions of space, or
predict the orbitals, where
probable location electrons are most
of electrons. likely to be located.
 Provided that
within each energy
level or shells are
various subshells.
 Each subshell is
composed of
regions called
orbitals where
electrons are
found.

References:

https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/story/amp/drawbacks-of-daltons-atomic-theory-6203/

https://testbook.com/learn/chemistry-different-atomic-models/

https://byjus.com/chemistry/rutherfords-model-of-atoms-and-its-limitations/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPbfD1A22xg&ab_channel=EdupediaWorld

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9kWdegtrs0&ab_channel=PhysicsHigh

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=quantum+mechanical+model+of+the+atom+drawb
ack

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/electronic-structure-of-atoms/history-of-atomic-
structure/a/discovery-of-the-electron-and-
nucleus#:~:text=Thomson's%20experiments%20with%20cathode%20ray,positively%2Dcharged%20%2
2soup.%22

http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/history/schrodinger.html#:~:text=Quantum%20Numbers
%20(Erwin%20Schr%C3%B6dinger)&text=The%20disadvantage%20is%20that%20it,most%20likely%20
to%20be%20found.

https://aklectures.com/lecture/models-of-the-atom-and-line-spectra/flaws-in-rutherfords-model-of-
the-atom

http://www.thestargarden.co.uk/Rutherfords-atom.html
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