HOSPITAL DESIGN

ICU WARDS

PRESENTED
BY
ARUNACHALAM S
 INTRODUCTION

ICU UNIT ICU is highly specified and sophisticated area

of a hospital which is specifically designed,
staffed, located, furnished and equipped,
dedicated to management of critically sick
patient, injuries or complications. It operates
with defined policies; protocols and
procedures should have its own quality
control, education, training and research
programmes.It has to have its own separate
team in terms of doctors, nursing personnel
and other staff who are tuned to the
requirement of the speciality
Location: ICU in Hospital

ICU should be located in close proximity of ER, Operating rooms, trauma ward. hospital Corridors, lifts
& ramps should be spacious enough to provide easy movement of bed/ trolley of a critically sick
patient. Close/easy proximity is also desirable to diagnostic facilities, blood bank, pharmacy etc.There
should be single entry/exit point to ICU, which should be manned. However, it is required to have
emergency exit points in case of emergencies and disasters.
PLANNING OF ICU UNIT
● Overall ICU floor plan and design should be based upon patient admission patterns, staff and visitor
traffic patterns, and the need for support facilities such as nursing stations, storage, clerical space,
administrative and educational requirements, and services that are unique to the individual
institution. Eight to twelve beds per unit is considered best from a functional perspective.

● No through traffic to other departments should occur. Supply and professional traffic should be
separated from public/visitor traffic

● Location should be chosen so that the unit is adjacent to, or within direct elevator travel to and from,
the Emergency Department, Operating Room, intermediate care units, and Radiology Department.

The ICU should be in a location that eliminates the need for through traffic and avoids or minimises:
● disturbing sounds (ambulances, traffic, sirens)
● disturbing sights (morgue, cemeteries etc.)
● problems associated with prevailing weather conditions (excessive wind, sun exposure etc.).
Functional Areas
The Intensive Care Unit will consist of the following
Functional Areas:

● Reception/ Waiting Areas

● Patient Treatment Areas including patient beds,
ensuites and treatment rooms
● Support Areas including Utility Rooms, Store Rooms,
Linen, Disposal Room, Cleaner's Room, Pantry
● Administrative / Office Areas
● Staff Amenities Areas.
TYPES OF ICU WARDS

● Cardiac (CCU or CTU) -heart attack patients

● Isolation -contagious disease patients
● Medical (MICU)-respiratory failure, cancer patients
● Long-term- critical diagnosis patients
● Neonatal (NICU)-premature newborns
● Neurologic (Neuro-ICU)- neurological surgery patients
● Pediatric (PICU)- asthma, infections, accidents Children
● Psychiatric (PICU)-intense psychological patients
● Surgical (SICU)-recovering from surgery
● Trauma (TICU)- experienced an accident
PATIENT AREA

● Extra spaces includes

○ nursing station,
○ storage,
○ patient movement area,
○ equipment area,
○ doctors and
○ nurses rooms and toilet.
● In ICUs with a modular design, patients should be visible from their respective
nursing substations. Sliding glass doors and partitions facilitate this arrangement,
and increase access to the room in emergency situations.
● Each intensive care unit must have electrical power, water, oxygen, compressed air,
vacuum, lighting, and environmental control systems that support the needs of the
patients and critical care team under normal and emergency situations
ICU WARD

CR : Cleaner’s room DR : Disposal Room PL : Patient’s Lift

AHU : Air Handling Unit PR : Preparation Room VL : Visitor’s Lift
SR : Sister’s Room CF : Conference Room EQ : Equipment Room
DO : Doctor’s Room HD : High Dependency Bed Asst T/B : Asst Toilet & Bath
A on call: Anaesthetist on call room ICU : Intensive Care Unit Bed EQ : Equipment Room
ICU WARD
HVAC system of ICU
● The ICU should be fully air-conditioned which allows control of temperature, humidity and air
change. If this not be possible then one should have windows which can be opened .
● The dirty utility, sluice and laboratory need five changes per hour, but two per hour are sufficient
for other staff areas.
● Central air-conditioning systems and re-circulated air must pass through appropriate filters.
● Heating should be provided with an emphasis on the comfort of the patients and the ICU
personnel.
● Power back up in ICU is a serious issue. The ICU should have its own power back, which should
start automatically in the event of a power failure. This power should be sufficient to maintain
temperature and run the ICU equipment.
THANK YOU !!

- ARUNACHALAM S