level

Grade 11 Higher

1A

2D

3D
A

SD

AISB Chem IB 2021

Section B HIGHER ONLY

1. a) Sketch (using a ruler and pencil) a graph showing the pH of the solution
during the duration of the titration as the volume of sodium hydroxide is
added to propanoic acid. (3)
b) Indicate on the graph when the concentration of the hydrogen ions will be
equivalent to the concentration of the hydroxide ions. (1)
c) Show how you would determine pKa for the weak acid using the graph (2)

d) State whether the solution formed in this titration is acidic, alkaline or neutral.
Explain your reasoning and include appropriate equations in your answer (3)

e) Find the pKa value and the pH of propanoic acid CH3CH2COOH, which has
a Ka value of 3.70 x 10-18 mol dm-3 and a concentration of 0.65 mol dm-3 (3)

2. Water is an important substance that is abundant on the Earth’s surface. Water dissociates
according to the following equation.

H2O(l) H+(aq) + OH–(aq)

(a) State the equilibrium constant expression for the dissociation of water. (2)
(b) State and explain the effect of increasing temperature on the equilibrium constant
above given that the dissociation of water is an endothermic process. (2)

3. (a) Ammonium hydroxide is a weak base. It has a Kb value of 1.8 x 10-5 mol dm-3.
Find the pH of a 1.00 x 10-2 mol dm-3 solution of ammonium hydroxide (4)
(b) Ammonium hydroxide can be added to an acid to form an alkaline buffer solution.
i) What type of acid is needed to make the buffer solution (1)
ii) Name an acid which could be used (1)
iii) How would the molar proportions of the base and the acid compare
iv) Once the buffer is formed, some acid is added to it.
Explain what happens in terms of equilibirum position and give the relevant
equations (3)

4
 4
pH
th
I equivalence

p ka
I 2
i
o i
ii
ii i to m so S
volume oynaon
added

pKa pH kneutralisation
Shown on graph

Sodium propanoate salt is formed

It is alkaline because
cuzCOO Na f 91,100 that
 d

Kc CHICK
a tho
Kw HtJ on VO

b Since heat is a reactant endo

increasing
the temp will shift
to the RHS
equilibrium position
therefore the Kw valve
will 9110 Increase

Kbs 0h I
CNTs
Oh Kb x NH
on TEED
2
8 10 5 x
4 ox to

0h7 VT 7

OHI
4.24 10 4 moi di

pot lo 4.24 10 4

3 37
 3 3

pH 14 3 37
10.60

by strong and
l Hydrochloric and
a Excess ofthe base needed
Ammonium
N hydroxide is In
excess
Therefore

NHyOH I Nhyt OH
Adding acid HTT
base
reacts with conjugate
Htt 0h 7420
Shifts to Hs
 3 a 3 N
Nat Oh NaOH

cuz too t Ht f Chg Oh

KS 0h dissociates

HzChiltonCag F HzCHzl00cagythtc.gg

Ka Ht
tycoon

Ht ka X Eng1004
370 10 18
Ht

Ht 0.651
Ht
7405
10 18

I 565 x lo 9

pm 8.81

pKa log Ka
Ka 17.43