0

S.G.R.D INSTITUTE OF NURSING, PANDHER, AMRITSAR

NURSING EDUCATION

COURSE PLAN

SUBMITTED TO: MRS.SONIA NANDA, ASSOCIATE. PROFESSOR,

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
SUBMITTED BY: CHARANJIT KAUR, MSC NSG 1ST YEAR, MEDICAL
SURGICAL NURSING
DATE OF SUBMITTED- 27/08/2020
 1

TEACHER’S LEARNER’S AV
ESTIVES CONTENT EVA
ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS
GUIDANCE
INTRODUCTION:
Guidance is a concept as well as process. Guidance is
different from education and counseling. Guidance is based
upon the principles of holistic development of individual,
recognition of individual differences and dignity and
acceptance of individual needs. Guidance is needed wherever
there are problems. Guidance helps in optimum development
of individual, solving different problem of the individual,
academic growth and development, vocational maturity,
vocational choices and vocational adjustments, social personal
adjustment. Better family life, for conservation and proper
utilization of human resources, and national development. The
areas of guidance are very vast. Some of the important areas
of guidance are personal, educational, vocational, health,
social etc.
ents will Lecturing Listening Black What
MEANING OF GUIDANCE:
w the board mean
Guidance is a process through which an individual is
ning of guida
helped to guide himself. Thus, guidance stands for creating a
ance
spirit of self dependence in the individual. It Guidance is a
process through which an individual is helped to guide
himself. Thus, guidance stands for creating a spirit of self
dependence in the individual. It helps him to solve his
problems by himself. It does not solve the problem for him.
Evidently, in guidance the focus is on the ‘individual’ and not
on his problem. Guidance does not imply restriction in the
freedom of individual; it simply renders help and assistance
for the individual to solve himself the problem.
According to Arthur. A. Jones the purpose of
guidance has been to assist the individual through counsel to
 2

make wise choices, adjustments and interpretations in

connection with critical situations in his life in such a way as Lecturing Listening Roller
ents will to ensure continual growth in ability for self-direction. board What
able to DEFINITION: defin
e According to Crow and Crow, “fundamental of all guida
ance guidance is the help or assistance given by a competent person
to an individual so that the latter may direct his life by
developing his point view, make his own decisions and carry
out those decisions”
Lecturing Listening Chart
NEED FOR GUIDANCE:
ents will What
1. Life has now become so complex that personal and
ble to say for gu
social living have confronted with complicated
need for
problems with tensions and frustration.
ance
2. The concept of education has become comprehensive
with emphasis on all aspects of the pupil’s personality.
The aim of education is to help pupils achieve healthy,
effective and superior adjustment to a changing world.
3. Courses have multiplied offering greater choice to
pupils. To eliminate unwise educational choice,
guidance is needed for all pupils.
4. Great advances in science and technology have
resulted in thousands of specialized jobs in society,
business and industry and complexity of vocational
choices requiring special talent and training need
guidance.
5. Parents are very poor guides in this aspect as their help
is haphazard. So the school has to give wise guidance
in selection of suitable jobs and preparing for them.
Without guidance needed in school and colleges are
educational, vocational and personal. Guidance is
required on prevention of illness and promotion of
Lecturing Listening Chart
mental health also.
ents will FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE: What

ble to say funct

Through the guidance programme, individual must
 3

functions assisted to: guida

uidance.  Understand himself
 Make the most of his capacities, interests and other
potentials
 Adjust himself satisfactorily to the varied situations
within his total environment
 Develop the ability to make his own decisions wisely
and solve his problems independently
 Make his own unique contributions to society to the Lecturing Listening OHP
fullest possible extent What
ents will
PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE: princ
able to
According to Gilbert Wrenn and Willis Dugan, the guida
the
following are the important principles of Guidance:
iples of
 Guidance is connected with the ‘whole’ student and
ance
not with his intellectual life alone.
 Guidance is concerned with all students, not only with
‘special’ or ‘problem’ students i.e. guidance is
universal. All require guidance at some point or other
in their life.
 Guaidence is connected with the ‘whole’ student and
not with his intellectual life alone.
 Guidance is concerned with all students, not only with
‘special’ or ‘problem’ students i.e. guidance is
universal. All require guidance at some point or other
in their life.
 Guidance is concerned primarily with prevention
rather than cure.
 Guidance is more than just the activity of a specialist;
it involves the whole school staff.
 Guidance is concerned with the choices and decisions
to be made by individuals; it does not attempt to solve
problems on behalf of concerned individuals.
 Guidance is centered on the individual and his
problems. i.e. guidance is developmental in nature and
 4

is concerned with developing students understanding

and self-determination.
 Guidance is counsel and not ‘compulsion’.
 Guidance is a continuous process throughout the life of Lecturing Listening Flannel

each student. board

ents will What
 Guidance is the dynamic aspect of education.
ble to list of gu
types of
TYPES OF GUIDANCE:
ance
1. Educational guidance
2. Vocational guidance
3. Personal guidance
4. Health guidance
5. Moral and religious guidance
6. Socio-civic guidance
7. Avocational guidance
8. Financial guidance

1. Educational guidance
Educational guidance is concerned with helping
pupil learning, making proper choices of courses and in
helping removal of difficulties in academic progress.
Educational guidance help pupil to get the best of the
educational opportunities consistent with their talents and
traits. Further educational guidance implies that the
guidance counselor has in his possession all possible
information about the personal pupil can provide effective
training in study techniques to pupils and anticipate
difficulties which may arise and prepare pupils in advance
to meet them successfully.
2. Vocational guidance:
Vocational guidance involves complete and
comprehensive knowledge of each pupil, nature of jobs and
the psychological characteristics needed for success,
achievement and job satisfaction in different jobs, relevant
 5

data about vocational opportunities, types of training needed,

advancement opportunities etc. aptitude tests play a significant
part in vocational guidance.
3. Personal guidance:
Personal guidance is to help pupils to adjust to
things and persons problems which would affect their
efficiency and happiness and make them maladjusted.
Teachers should help adolescent students to overcome their
conflicts. Personal guidance has become vital as it is linked
with the other two areas of guidance and present day social
conditions with their complexities and inconsistencies create a
variety of stressful conditions for everyone. Personal guidance
eliminates personal maladjustments and also helps to remove
classroom indiscipline and campus unrest. Excessive guidance
in this area should be avoided as it kills initiative, on the part
of students.
4. Health guidance:
 To learn to use health facilities and equipment
in school.
 To develop proper health habits:
 personal cleanliness
 good grooming
 proper use of toilet
 To develop good eating habits like:
 washing hands before and after eating
 chewing food slowly and properly
 being happy when eating
 To know the proper food to eat in order to have
a healthy body
 To learn to face the problems of life squarely.
5. Moral and Religious guidance:
the present-day increase of delinquency calls
for moral and religious regeneration to be manifested
in learner’s willingness
 6

 To learn to fear God

 To develop good manners and right conduct
6. Socio-civic guidance:
 To give information on correct attitudes in Lecturing Listening Roller

order to live a worthy adult life, right duties board

ents will What
and responsibilities of citizens.
able to guida
 To help children adjust themselves to the social
the role
environment so they may be worthy and
uidance
interested participating members of society.
 To develop early manners and etiquette
observed indifferent occasions so that the child
is ready to face all situations without
embarrassment.
7. Avocational guidance:

ROLE OF GUIDANCE:
The central themes of this monograph were to address
the importance of work for people with mental health
problems; to discuss the different vocational strategies and
programs for people with a mental health disorder; and to
consider the role of the workplace in promoting good mental
health practices for employees. Integral to these themes in the
identification of good practices by employers as well as
vocational rehabilitation agencies and professionals. It is clear
that there are many factors involved in addressing the
importance of work for people with mental health problems,
as well as identifying effective practices that encourage
employment, re-employment and retention. Social support
systems, mental health professionals and employers all have a
significant role in helping individuals define options, make
choices, learn to manage potentially disabling conditions, and
avoid long-term hospitalization. The ultimate goal is for
individuals to obtain and/or return to gainful, worthwhile
activity, such as meaningful work. Access to satisfying work
 7

remains one of the most sought-after goals of the adult

population of most countries. Employers, employees and
unions are starting to realize that, for this population mental
problems are the single most important cause of disability
responsible for a global burden of disease larger than that due
to infections, AIDS, cancer and physical accidents. The
impact of mental health problems on absenteeism,
productivity and job satisfaction is only starting. Given the
importance of work, and due to advances made in the
prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of persons with
mental health problems, it makes eminent sense to address all
aspects of the mental well-being of employees. For the same Lecturing Listening
reason the disability associated with severe mental health Chart
problems can no longer serve as an excuse to deny those who
ents will so wish reasonable access to competitive employment. What
able to defin
e couns
seling Lecturing Listening
Flannel
board
ents will COUNSELING What
able to INTRODUCTION: conce
the All the activities and services of the guidance couns
epts of programme leads to and helps in the counseling process.
seling Counseling is aimed at helping the individual in solving
problems in future and also enhancing personal, social,
emotional, educational and vocational development.
Counseling has remedial, preventive and developmental value.
DEFINITION:
“Counseling is a dynamic and purposeful relationship
between two people who approach a mutually defined
problem with mutual consideration for each other to the end
that the younger or less mature, or more troubled of the two is
aided to a self determined resolution of his problem”
 8

CONCEPT OF COUNSELING:
Counseling is a two way process. It involves two
individuals; there is mutual relationship between the two
individuals. It helps an individual to gain self understanding
self acceptance and self realization. It helps an individual to
become happier more creative and better adjusted.
Counseling involves three activities like:
 Informing
 Options
 Counseling
Informing:
Here the role of the counselor is to give appropriate
and correct information to the clients.
For.eg: if you are a student and you need counseling to select
your course for the future.
Here the role of the counselor is to give you
information about the availability of different courses and its
Lecturing Listening
future prospects.
OHP
Options:
In this stage the counselor suggests appropriate courses What
ents will of action. Here the counselor will offer you several options needs
able to and recommends one according to your aim or interest. couns
the need For example if your aim is to be an engineer, the counselor
unseling will suggest you a course related to applied mathematics. Lecturing Listening
Counseling: LCD
In this stage the counselor helps the students to clarify
his needs, feelings or motivations so that he can make the What
ents will appropriate decision for himself. of co
ble to list For.eg: if you will tell, you have no aim or cannot decide what
types of you will do in the future. So the counselor will ask you if you
seling are not sure about what you will do in the future but you must
want to do something interesting so describe about your idea.
Like this the counseling is a process which constitutes,
advising and counseling. You can think of these three
 9

activities as a continuous spectrum of areas which merge into

each other.
NEED OF COUNSELING:
 Need for checking the wastage and stagnation in
nursing education.
 Need for realizing the aims and objectives of nursing
education.
 The need for making right educational choices
 The need for proper educational adjustment.
TYPES OF COUNSELING:
1. Directive counseling
2. Non-directive (client centered) counseling
3. Eclectic Approach in counseling
Directive counseling:
B.G.Williamson is the chief exponent of this method.
Directive counseling is one in which the counselor plays the
major role and hence it is known as counselor centered
method. The counselor helps the counselee to make decision
in keeping with his diagnosis. He tries to direct the thinking of
the counselee by informing, explaining and interpreting and
suggesting (when our health is affect, we go to the doctor to
get his expert advice (treatment) and act accordingly by taking
the prescribed medicines and following the suggested personal
and dietary practices. This is an example for ‘directive
counseling’ in our practical life.
Analysis, synthesis, diagnosis, prognosis, counseling
and follow up are the major steps involved in direct
counseling.
Limitations:
 It is a sort of regimentation in which the counselor tells
what the counselee ha to do.
 The counselee will always be dependent upon the
counselor.
 According to the principles of guidance this method
 10

does not help the counselee to develop insight into his

problems and grow through learning.
 Here there is no scope for fresh learning to take place
in the learner and hence not developmental in
character.
Scope:
This method is applicable to young children and
seriously disturbed persons.
Non-directive (client centered) counseling
Carl.R.Rogers is the chief exponent of this method. In
this method counselor’s role is passive. It is the client or
counselee-centered method. Counselee takes active part in the
process of therapy. He gains insight into his problem with the
help of the counselor. The counselee is made aware of the fact
that the counseling situation does not have the answers but it
provides him opportunities to solve his problems himself. The
main aim of this method is to help the client grow inward to
maturity and superior adjustment, so that he can take the
responsibility of solving his problems.
Limitations:
 It is a time-consuming method.
 The passive attitude of the counselor might irritate the
counselee and he may become reluctant to express his
feeling.
 This method may not be suitable for people with
serious personality problems, young children and
Lecturing Listening
intellectually inferior.
LCD
Eclectic Approach in counseling:
Eclecticium in counseling has more than one meaning.
What
One concept is the building of a theory by a counselor. As he
ents will invol
gains experience, he builds his own style by selecting from
able to couns
various approaches and personality and learning theories.
the steps
According to this definition, he would be an electic counselor.
unseling
In another meaning, the eclectic counselor chooses the
 11

approach he will use for a particular counselee. His approach

involves a unique combination of procedures for each
individual with whom he works. His selection of directive or
non-directive approach depends on the appropriateness of the
technique at a given time for a particular individual. It is said
that majority of counselors working in present day schools and
colleges are believed to be eclectic in their procedures.
In this approach, popularized by F.C.Thorne the
counselor generally follows the directive method till
‘diagnosis’ of the problem; thereafter follows the non-
directive approach by enlightening the client about the
possible courses of action (solutions suggested) with their
relative merits and demerits and leaves the choice to the client Lecturing Listening
himself to select and continue the most suitable course of LCD

action for him. This approach is highly flexible as it changes

according to the demands of the situation and the nature of the
What
client.
ents will phase
STEPS INVOLVED IN THE COUNSELING PROCESS:
ble to tell couns
According to Newsom, following are the steps
phases of
involved in the counseling process:
seling
1. The individual (client) comes for help.
2. The counselor establishes rapport with the client
through the first interview.
3. The helping situation is defined.
4. Active listening.
5. The counselor encourages his client to give free
expression to his concerns (catharsis)
6. The counselor accepts, recognizes and helps to clarify
negative feelings and limitations in the client
(Diagnosis).
7. The counselor accepts and recognizes positive feelings
(Prognosis)
8. Development of insight of the client into his problem
(Counseling).
 12

9. Establishing new goal. (Counseling)

10. Growth of confidence and ability to take decisions.
(Counseling).
11. Follow up (Counseling)
12. No more need for help (Terminating the counseling)
PHASES OF COUNSELING:
 Establishing relationship:
It is the core phase in the process of counseling.
Begin the phase with adequate skills.
 Introduce yourself
 Listen attentively and remember the client’s
name.
 Always address the individual by his/her
preferred name.
 Ensure physical comfort
 Do not interrupt the individual by his/her
talking.
Lecturing Listening
 Observe non-verbal communication
LCD
 Assessment:
The counselor asks questions, collects
information, seeks his/her views, observes and
possibly helps the individual to clearly state his/her What
ents will problem. differ
able to It involves specific skills like: techn
rstand  Observations couns
different  Enquiry
seling  Making associations among facts
nique  Recording
 Making educated guesses
 Recording of information should be done
systematically and promptly
 Setting goals:
It provides direction to the individual and
 13

counselor. It involves making a commitment to a set of

conditions, a course of action or an outcome.
It requires the skills of
 Drawing inference
 Differentiation
 Teaching individuals to think realistically

 Intervention:
It is a phase which is more influenced by the
viewpoints a counselor holds about the counseling
process. The intervention used will depend upon the
approach used by the counselor, the problem and the
individual.
Lecturing Listening
COUNSELING TECHNIQUE: LCD

There are many different approaches to helping to sort

out issues or manage mental health difficulties. Counselors,
psychologists, social workers and psychiatrists and psychiatric
What
nurses are likely to specialize in a particular approach, or they
ents will qualit
may use a number of approaches depending on their training
ble to list couns
and your needs. There are many techniques that can be
qualities
broadly split into 3 groups
a good
 Insight therapies:
selor
This type of therapy is often known as ‘talk
therapy’. Talking about your experiences will help get
an understanding of the difficulties you may face and
sort through the possible solutions. The more common
type of insight therapies are psychoanalysis,
psychodynamic approaches, client centered approaches
Lecturing Listening
and cognitive therapy. A common form is cognitive
LCD
behavior therapy (CBT) which looks at changing
negative thought patterns and maladaptive beliefs.
 Behavior therapies:
 14

These focus on the changing behavior patterns. What

ents will Behavior therapists will often use some of principles of chara
able to learning, like providing punishments for bad behaviors skills
the and rewards for good behaviors. It may be used to couns
acteristics change compulsive behaviors, to help with learning
skills of a problems, or to modify avoidance behavior.
selor  Biomedical therapies:
Lecturing Listening
This involves the use of drugs to help to LCD
manage mental health difficulties. Drugs may be used
to treat anxiety, psychosis or depression. It is better to
consult psychiatrist or doctor about the type and
dosage of drug you are receiving. List
QUALITIES OF A GOOD COUNSELOR: relati
ents will
 Have deep insight into the nature and needs of pupils betwe
ble to say
and should be able to deal with them in a spirit of and c
friendly rapport.
onship
 Be sensitive to students feelings and problems
een
 Be receptive and listen most of the time what his
ance and
clients have to say.
seling
 Be professionally trained in counseling skills
 Be thorough with information and knowledge needed
to give effective guidance to pupils.
 Be highly objective in his approach.
 Keep all the data pertaining to his clients confidentially
and use it for purposes of guidance only; should not
exploit it for other purposes.
 Help his clients to achieve self-adjustment and self-
direction.
 Optimistic and sympathetic in all his interactions with
his clients.
CHARACTERISTIC AND SKILLS OF A COUNSELOR:
 Should be a good listener and good communicator
 Should be respectful to other person’s feelings and
 15

point of view.
 Should be kind, caring and understanding.
 Should be Non-judgmental Lecturing Listening

 Should be trustworthy and respectful of people’s LCD

confidentiality.
 Should be relaxed and calm.
 Should be warm and approachable.
What
 The ability to motivate and inspire clients.
probl
ents will RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUIDANCE AND
guida
able to COUNSELING: couns
the Guidance Counseling

lems in  It includes  It also consists of

ance and information giving to information giving to
seling the individuals in solve individual’s
their all round problems problem,
development, e.g. but all information
educational and given is not
vocational counseling.
opportunities, career
Lecturing Listening
planning and LCD
development etc.
 It is preventive  It is therapeutic

 Guidance  Counseling requires

information makes a high level of skills What

the basis for as well as special impo
ents will
counseling sessions. professional training. guida
able to
w the It may be done by couns
rtance of any guidance worker. nursin
 It requires a special
ance and  It may be given in
set up (room to
seling in any normal set up.
conduct interviews)
ng
 It is needed in all
 It is an integral part
fields e.g. In home,
of education and
society, community,
 16

assists in fulfilling its a hospital etc.

aims.
 Decision making
 Decision making
operates at emotional
operates at
level.
intellectual level.

PROBLEMS IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING:

 Resistance to counseling, either by counselee or by
faculty.
 Counselor with different cultures. The counselor
should be very careful in dealing with different
cultures of counselor.
 Counseling individuals with strong emotions such as
anxiety, anger, depression etc. which will hinder
counseling process.
 Counselor burn out. The symptoms such as restless,
boredom, irritability, lethargy, fatigue etc. can be
managed by changing work environment/ taking care
of themselves.
 Lack of awareness of value of counseling by public.
 Inadequate administrative set up, which will influence
the effectiveness of counseling.
 Lack of physical facilities, non-availability of time and
tools, dearth of training facilities for counselors.
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS OF GUIDANCE
AND COUNSELING IN NURSING:
 self help group
 peer group counseling
 evaluation and research
 genetic counseling
 career counseling
SUMMARY:
Today in this class we have learnt about guidance and
 17

counseling, its definition, types, needs, importance, concepts,

characteristics of a good counselor and technique of
counseling and difference between counseling.
COUNCLUSION:
I hope you all would have understood the topic on
guidance and counseling. Now I will open the discussion
section for clarifying your doubts so ask doubt regarding the
topic.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 AMANPREET KAUR JHAND “ TEXT BOOK OF
PSYCHOLOGY” edition 2017,s.vikas and company
medical publishers, India, page no:237-244
 DR.S.K.MANGAL “PSYCHOLOGY FOR
NURSES”1st edition, 2017, Avichal publishing
company, India, page no: 403-425
 HARISH KUMAR SHARMA, GULSHAN MANN
“PSYCHOLOGY FOR NURSES” 5th edition, lotus
publisher, New Delhi, page no: 283-287
 DR.MANJULA.M, DR.PAULOMI SUDHIR,
DR.RAMACHANDRA “PSYCHOLOGY FOR B. SC
NURSING, 1st edition, 2017, frontline publications,
Hyderabad, page no:206-216

`z