Black Hole Thermodynamics and Hamilton-Jacobi Counterterm

Black Hole Thermodynamics
and Hamilton-Jacobi Counterterm

Based upon work with Bob McNees
Daniel Grumiller
Center for Theoretical Physics

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Penn State University, May 2007
hep-th/0703230
Outline
Introduction
Euclidean Path Integral
Dilaton Gravity in 2D
Free Energy
Applications
D. Grumiller — Black Hole Thermodynamics 2/32

Outline
Introduction
Free Energy
Applications
D. Grumiller — Black Hole Thermodynamics Introduction 3/32

Black Hole Thermodynamics - Why?

A
B-H: S = 4GN , 1st : dE = T dS + work, 2nd : dS ≥ 0
Classical General Relativity

I Four Laws (Bardeen, Carter, Hawking, 1973)
I Gedankenexperiments with entropy

(Bekenstein, 1973)

A
Classical General Relativity


(Bekenstein, 1973)
Quantum Gravity
I Semiclassical approximation?
I Microstate counting (Strominger, Vafa, 1996;
Ashtekar, Corichi, Baez, Krasnov, 1997)

A
Classical General Relativity Black Hole Analogues

I Sonic Black Holes (Unruh, 1981)
I Hawking effect in condensed matter?
(Bekenstein, 1973)
Quantum Gravity
I Semiclassical approximation?

A
Classical General Relativity Black Hole Analogues

I Sonic Black Holes (Unruh, 1981)
I Hawking effect in condensed matter?
(Bekenstein, 1973)
Quantum Gravity Dual Formulations
I Semiclassical approximation? I AdS/CFT (Maldacena 1997, Gubser, Klebanov,

Polyakov 1998, Witten 1998)
I Hawking-Page transition

Black Hole Thermodynamics - How?
Many different approaches available...
Approach: Advantage: Drawback:


I Physical arguments I Very simple I ad-hoc!


I QFT on fixed BG I Rigorous, plausible I lengthy


I Conformal anomaly I Rigorous, simple I too special?


I Gravitational anomaly I Plausible, simple I additional input?


I Euclidean path integral I Very simple I physical?


I Euclidean path integral I Very simple I physical?
Employ Euclidean Path Integral Approach
I Not convincing “first time”-derivation of Hawking effect

I Convenient short-cut to obtain thermodynamical partition function
I Rather insensitive to matter coupling
I Useful insights about gravitational actions!
Outline
Introduction
Free Energy
Applications
D. Grumiller — Black Hole Thermodynamics Euclidean Path Integral 6/32

Main Idea
Consider Euclidean path integral (Gibbons, Hawking, 1977)
Z
1
Z = DgDX exp − IE [g, X]
~

Main Idea
Z
1
~
I g: metric, X: scalar field

Main Idea
Z
1
~

I Semiclassical limit (~ → 0): dominated by classical solutions (?)

Main Idea
Z
1
~

I Exploit relationship between Z and Euclidean partition function
Z ∼ e−β Ω
I Ω: thermodynamic potential for appropriate ensemble
I β: periodicity in Euclidean time

Main Idea
Z
1
~

I Exploit relationship between Z and Euclidean partition function
Z ∼ e−β Ω
I Ω: thermodynamic potential for appropriate ensemble
I β: periodicity in Euclidean time
Requires periodicity in Euclidean time and

accessibility of semi-classical approximation

Semiclassical Approximation
Consider small perturbation around classical solution
IE [gcl + δg, Xcl + δX] =IE [gcl , Xcl ] + δIE [gcl , Xcl ; δg, δX]
1
+ δ 2 IE [gcl , Xcl ; δg, δX] + . . .
2

1
+ δ 2 IE [gcl , Xcl ; δg, δX] + . . .
2
I The leading term is the ‘on-shell’ action.

1
+ δ 2 IE [gcl , Xcl ; δg, δX] + . . .
2

I The linear term should vanish on solutions gcl and Xcl .

1
+ δ 2 IE [gcl , Xcl ; δg, δX] + . . .
2

I The quadratic term represents the first corrections.

1
+ δ 2 IE [gcl , Xcl ; δg, δX] + . . .
2

I The quadratic term represents the first corrections.
If nothing goes wrong:
Z
1 1 2
Z ∼ exp − IE [gcl , Xcl ] Dδg DδX exp − δ IE × . . .
~ 2~

What could go Wrong?
Accessibility of the semiclassical approximation requires


1. IE [gcl , Xcl ] > −∞
Typical gravitational actions evaluated on black hole solutions:

1. Violated: Action unbounded from below


1. IE [gcl , Xcl ] > −∞
2. δIE [gcl , Xcl ; δg, δX] = 0

2. Violated: First variation of action not zero for all field configurations
contributing to path integral due to boundary terms


1. IE [gcl , Xcl ] > −∞

√ h
Z i
dx γ π ab δγab + πX δX 6= 0

δIE EOM ∼

∂M

...everything!

1. IE [gcl , Xcl ] > −∞
3. δ 2 IE [gcl , Xcl ; δg, δX] ≥ 0
√ h
Z i

δIE EOM ∼

∂M
3. Frequently violated: Gaussian integral may diverge

...everything!

1. IE [gcl , Xcl ] > −∞
3. δ 2 IE [gcl , Xcl ; δg, δX] ≥ 0
√ h
Z i

δIE EOM ∼

∂M
3. Frequently violated: Gaussian integral may diverge

Focus in this talk on the second problem!

Outline
Introduction
Free Energy
Applications
D. Grumiller — Black Hole Thermodynamics Dilaton Gravity in 2D 10/32

The Action
...for a review cf. e.g. DG, W. Kummer and D. Vassilevich, hep-th/0204253
Standard form of the action:

√
Z
1
d2 x g X R − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

IE = −
2 M

The Action

√
Z
1
d2 x g X R − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

IE = −
2 M
I Dilaton X defined via coupling to Ricci scalar

The Action

√
Z
1
d2 x g X R − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

IE = −
2 M

I Model specified by kinetic and potential functions for dilaton

The Action

√
Z
1
d2 x g X R − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

IE = −
2 M
√
Z
− dx γ X K
∂M

I Dilaton gravity analog of Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term:
coupling of X to extrinsic curvature of (∂M, γ)
Variational principle: fix X and induced metric γ at ∂M

The Action

√
Z
1
d2 x g X R − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

IE = −
2 M
√ √
Z Z
− dx γ X K− dx γL(X)
∂M ∂M

I Dilaton gravity analog of Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term:
coupling of X to extrinsic curvature of (∂M, γ)
Variational principle: fix X and induced metric γ at ∂M
Note: additional boundary term allowed consistent with classical solutions,

variational principle and symmetries!

Selected List of Models
Black holes in (A)dS, asymptotically flat or arbitrary spaces
Model U (X) V (X)
1. Schwarzschild (1916) 1
− 2X −λ2
2. Jackiw-Teitelboim (1984) 0 ΛX
3. Witten Black Hole (1991) −X1
−2b2 X
4. CGHS (1992) 0 −2b2
a
5. (A)dS2 ground state (1994) −X BX
6. Rindler ground state (1996) −Xa
BX a
7. Black Hole attractor (2003) 0 BX −1
−3 2 (N −4)/(N −2)
8. Spherically reduced gravity (N > 3) − (NN−2)X −λ X
9. All above: ab-family (1997) −X a
BX a+b
10. Liouville gravity a beαX
2
11. Reissner-Nordström (1916) − 2X1
−λ2 + QX
1 2
12. Schwarzschild-(A)dS − 2X −λ − `X
13. Katanaev-Volovich (1986) α βX 2 − Λ
Q2 J
14. BTZ/Achucarro-Ortiz (1993) 0 X
− 4X 3 − ΛX
15. KK reduced CS (2003) 0 1
2
X(c − X 2)
16. KK red. conf. flat (2006) − 12 tanh (X/2) A sinh X
2 2
17. 2D type 0A string Black Hole −X 1
−2b2 X + b8πq

Selected List of Models
Black holes in (A)dS, asymptotically flat or arbitrary spaces
Model U (X) V (X)
1. Schwarzschild (1916) 1
− 2X −λ2
2. Jackiw-Teitelboim (1984) 0 ΛX
3. Witten Black Hole (1991) −X1
−2b2 X
4. CGHS (1992) 0 −2b2
a
5. (A)dS2 ground state (1994) −X BX
6. Rindler ground state (1996) −Xa
BX a
7. Black Hole attractor (2003) 0 BX −1
−3 2 (N −4)/(N −2)
8. Spherically reduced gravity (N > 3) − (NN−2)X −λ X
9. All above: ab-family (1997) −X a
BX a+b
10. Liouville gravity a beαX
2
11. Reissner-Nordström (1916) − 2X1
−λ2 + QX
1 2
12. Schwarzschild-(A)dS − 2X −λ − `X
13. Katanaev-Volovich (1986) α βX 2 − Λ
Q2 J
14. BTZ/Achucarro-Ortiz (1993) 0 X
− 4X 3 − ΛX
15. KK reduced CS (2003) 0 1
2
X(c − X 2)
16. KK red. conf. flat (2006) − 12 tanh (X/2) A sinh X
2 2
17. 2D type 0A string Black Hole −X 1
−2b2 X + b8πq

Equations of Motion (EOM)
Extremize the action: δIE = 0
1
U (X) ∇µ X∇ν X − gµν U (X)(∇X)2 − gµν V (X) + ∇µ ∇ν X − gµν ∇2 X = 0
2
∂U (X) ∂V (X)
R+ (∇X)2 + 2 U (X)∇2 X − 2 =0
∂X ∂X

1
2
∂U (X) ∂V (X)
R+ (∇X)2 + 2 U (X)∇2 X − 2 =0
∂X ∂X
I Integrable! [Easier: first order formulation (Ikeda 1993, Schaller, Strobl 1994) ]

1
2
∂U (X) ∂V (X)
R+ (∇X)2 + 2 U (X)∇2 X − 2 =0
∂X ∂X
I Integrable! [Easier: first order formulation (Ikeda 1993, Schaller, Strobl 1994)]
I Generalized Birkhoff theorem: at least one Killing vector

1
2
∂U (X) ∂V (X)
R+ (∇X)2 + 2 U (X)∇2 X − 2 =0
∂X ∂X
I Orbits of this vector are isosurfaces of the dilaton
Lk X = k µ ∂µ X = 0

1
2
∂U (X) ∂V (X)
R+ (∇X)2 + 2 U (X)∇2 X − 2 =0
∂X ∂X
Lk X = k µ ∂µ X = 0
I Choose henceforth ∂M as X = const. hypersurface

1
2
∂U (X) ∂V (X)
R+ (∇X)2 + 2 U (X)∇2 X − 2 =0
∂X ∂X
Lk X = k µ ∂µ X = 0
I Choose henceforth ∂M as X = const. hypersurface
Adapted coordinate system (Lapse and Shift for radial evolution)
X = X(r) ds2 = N (r)2 dr2 + ξ(r) (dτ + N τ (r)dr)2

| {z } |{z} | {z }
:=ξ(r)−1 =kµ kµ :=0

Solutions
I Define two model-dependent functions
Z X
Q(X) := Q0 + dX̃ U (X̃)
Z X
w(X) := w0 − 2 dX̃ V (X̃)eQ(X̃)

Solutions
Z X
Q(X) := Q0 + dX̃ U (X̃)
Z X
w(X) := w0 − 2 dX̃ V (X̃)eQ(X̃)
I Q0 and w0 are arbitrary constants (essentially irrelevant)

Solutions
Z X
Q(X) := Q0 + dX̃ U (X̃)
Z X
w(X) := w0 − 2 dX̃ V (X̃)eQ(X̃)

I Construct all classical solutions
∂r X = e−Q(X) ξ(X) = eQ(X) w(X) − 2M


Solutions
Z X
Q(X) := Q0 + dX̃ U (X̃)
Z X
w(X) := w0 − 2 dX̃ V (X̃)eQ(X̃)

I Construct all classical solutions
∂r X = e−Q(X) ξ(X) = eQ(X) w(X) − 2M

Constant of motion M (“mass”) characterizes classical solutions

I Absorb Q0 into rescaling of length units
I Shift w0 such that M = 0 ground state solution
I Restrict to positive mass sector M ≥ 0

Black Holes
Horizons
Solutions with M ≥ 0 exhibit (Killing) horizons for each solution of
w(Xh ) = 2M

Black Holes
Horizons
w(Xh ) = 2M
Assumption 1
Killing norm2 ξ(X) = eQ(X) w(X) − 2M ≥ 0 on Xh ≤ X < ∞

If there are multiple horizons we take the outermost one

Black Holes
Horizons
w(Xh ) = 2M
Assumption 1

Asymptotics
X → ∞: asymptotic region of spacetime; most models: w(X) → ∞

Black Holes
Horizons
w(Xh ) = 2M
Assumption 1

Asymptotics
X → ∞: asymptotic region of spacetime; most models: w(X) → ∞
Assumption 2
Consider only models where w(X) → ∞ as X → ∞
Consequence: ξ(X) ∼ eQ w as X → ∞, i.e., ξ asymptotes to ground state

Black Hole Temperature
Standard argument: absence of conical singularity requires periodicity in Euclidean time
The gτ τ component of the metric vanishes at the horizon Xh

Regularity of the metric requires τ ∼ τ + β with periodicity

4π 4π
β= = 0
∂r ξ rh w (X) Xh
I If ξ → 1 at X → ∞: β −1 is temperature measured ’at infinity’

0 (X)
I Denote inverse periodicity by T := β −1 = w 4π
Xh
I Proper local temperature related to β −1 by Tolman factor
1
T (X) = p β −1
ξ(X)
So far no action required but only a line-element

Outline
Introduction
Free Energy
Applications
D. Grumiller — Black Hole Thermodynamics Free Energy 17/32

Free Energy?
Given the black hole solution, can we calculate the free energy?

1
Z ∼ exp − IE [gcl , Xcl ] ∼ e−β F
~

Free Energy? Not yet!

1
Z exp − IE [gcl , Xcl ] e−β F
~
Need a limiting procedure to calculate the action. Implement this in a
coordinate-independent way by putting a regulator on the dilaton.
X ≤ Xreg
Evaluating the on-shell action leads to three problems


1
~
X ≤ Xreg

1. On-shell action unbounded from below (cf. second assumption)
IEreg = β 2 M − w(Xreg ) − 2π Xh T → −∞



1
~
X ≤ Xreg


2. First variation of action not zero for all field configurations



1
~
X ≤ Xreg


2. First variation of action not zero for all field configurations

3. Second variation of action may lead to divergent Gaussian integral
Variational Properties of the Action
√ h µν √ h
Z i Z i
δIE = d2 x g E δgµν + EX δX + dx γ π ab δγab + πX δX
M | {z } ∂M | {z }
=0(EOM) =0?

√ h µν √ h
Z i Z i
M | {z } ∂M | {z }
=0(EOM) =0?
Does this vanish on-shell? Ignore πX δX and focus on π ab δγab

Z » –
1
δIE = dτ − ∂r X δξ + . . .
2

√ h µν √ h
Z i Z i
M | {z } ∂M | {z }
=0(EOM) =0?

Z » –
1
δIE = dτ − ∂r X δξ + . . .
2
Recall ξ(X) = w(X)eQ(X) − 2M eQ(X)

√ h µν √ h
Z i Z i
M | {z } ∂M | {z }
=0(EOM) =0?

Z » –
1
δIE = dτ − ∂r X δξ + . . .
2

Assume that boundary conditions preserved by variations
δξ ∼ δM eQ(X)

√ h µν √ h
Z i Z i
M | {z } ∂M | {z }
=0(EOM) 6=0

Z » –
1
δIE = dτ − ∂r X δξ + . . .
2

Assume that boundary conditions preserved by variations
δξ ∼ δM eQ(X)
Recalling ∂r X = e−Q we get

Z
δIE = dτ δM 6= 0

Boundary Counterterms
I Same idea as boundary counterterms in AdS/CFT (Balasubramanian, Kraus 1999;
Emparan, Johnson, Myers 1999; Henningson, Skenderis 1998)
I More recently in asymptotically flat spacetimes (Kraus, Larsen, Siebelink 1999; Mann,
Marolf 2006)
I Covariant version of surface terms in 3 + 1 gravity (ADM 1962; Regge, Teitelboim
1974)

Marolf 2006)
1974)
I Black Holes in 2D: IE = Γ + ICT
1. Witten Black Hole/2D type 0A strings (J. Davis, R. McNees, hep-th/0411121)
2. Generic 2D dilaton gravity (DG, R. McNees, hep-th/0703230)

Marolf 2006)
1974)
√
Z
1
d2 x g X R − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

Γ=−
2 M
√ √
Z Z
− dx γ X K − dx γL(X)
∂M
| ∂M {z }
ICT

Marolf 2006)
1974)
√
Z
1
d2 x g X R − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

Γ=−
2 M
√ √
Z Z
− dx γ X K − dx γL(X)
∂M
| ∂M {z }
ICT
How to determine the boundary counterterm?

Hamilton-Jacobi Equation
Boundary counterterm ICT is solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation

1. Begin with ‘Hamiltonian’ associated with radial evolution.
2
H = 2 πX γab π ab + 2 U (X) γab π ab + V (X) = 0

2
2. Momenta are functional derivatives of the on-shell action
1 δ 1 δ
π ab = √ IE πX = √ IE

γ δ γab EOM γ δX EOM

2
1 δ 1 δ

3. Obtain non-linear functional differential equation for on-shell action

2
1 δ 1 δ


4. 2D: simplifies to first order ODE – can solve (essentially uniquely) for
ICT !

2
1 δ 1 δ


4. 2D: simplifies to first order ODE – can solve (essentially uniquely) for
ICT !
√
Z q
ICT = − dx γ w(X) e−Q(X)
∂M

The Improved Action
The correct action for 2D dilaton gravity is
√
Z
1
d2 x g XR − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

Γ=−
2
Z M
√ √
Z q
− dx γ X K + dx γ w(X) e−Q(X)
∂M ∂M
Properties:

The Improved Action
√
Z
1
d2 x g XR − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

Γ=−
2
Z M
√ √
Z q
∂M ∂M
Properties:
1. Yields the same EOM as IE

The Improved Action
√
Z
1
d2 x g XR − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

Γ=−
2
Z M
√ √
Z q
∂M ∂M
Properties:
2. Finite on-shell (solves first problem)

ΓEOM = β (M − 2πXh T )

The Improved Action
√
Z
1
d2 x g XR − U (X) (∇X)2 − 2 V (X)

Γ=−
2
Z M
√ √
Z q
∂M ∂M
Properties:
2. Finite on-shell (solves first problem)

ΓEOM = β (M − 2πXh T )
3. First variation δΓ vanishes on-shell ∀ δgµν and δX that preserve the

boundary conditions (solves second problem)

δΓEOM = 0
Note: counterterm requires specification of integration constant w0 , i.e., choice of ground state, but is independent from Q0

Reconsider Semiclassical Approximation
Z
1 1 2
Z ∼ exp − Γ[gcl , Xcl ] Dδg DδX exp − δ Γ × . . .
~ 2~

Z
1 1 2
~ 2~
I Leading term is finite

Z
1 1 2
~ 2~

I Linear term vanishes

Z
1 1 2
~ 2~

I Still have to worry about quadratic term

Z
1 1 2
~ 2~

Solved by ’putting the Black Hole in a box’ (York, 1986; Gibbons, Perry, 1992)
Cavity wall determined by X = Xc
Well-defined canonical ensemble by specifying Xc and Tc = 1/βc

Z
1 1 2
~ 2~

Solved by ’putting the Black Hole in a box’ (York, 1986; Gibbons, Perry, 1992)
Cavity wall determined by X = Xc
Well-defined canonical ensemble by specifying Xc and Tc = 1/βc
Leading order (set ~ = 1):
Z(Tc , Xc ) = e−Γ(Tc ,Xc ) = e−βc Fc (Tc ,Xc )
Here Fc is the Helmholtz free energy

Free Energy
Γ(Tc , Xc ) = βc Fc (Tc , Xc )

Free Energy
Explicitly:
r !
p 2M
Fc (Tc , Xc ) = wc e−Qc 1− 1− − 2πXh Tc
wc

Free Energy
Explicitly:
r !
p 2M
wc | {z }
| {z } =STc
=Ec (Tc ,Xc )
Entropy follows immediately (Bekenstein-Hawking law):

∂Fc
S=− = 2πXh
∂Tc Xc
Entropy determined by dilaton evaluated at the horizon (Gegenberg, Kunstatter,
Louis-Martinez, 1995)

Free Energy
Explicitly:
r !
p 2M
wc | {z }
| {z } =STc
=Ec (Tc ,Xc )
Entropy follows immediately (Bekenstein-Hawking law):

∂Fc
S=− = 2πXh
∂Tc Xc
Entropy determined by dilaton evaluated at the horizon (Gegenberg, Kunstatter,
Louis-Martinez, 1995)
Similarly: dilaton chemical potential (surface pressure) ψc = −∂Fc /∂Xc |Tc

Other Thermodynamical Quantities
Standard thermodynamics in canonical ensemble: internal energy,
enthalpy, free enthalpy, specific heats, isothermal compressibility, ...

1. Internal energy
p p
Ec = Fc + Tc S = e−Qc ξcg − ξc ≥ 0
Ec2
Models with Minkowski ground state (ξcg = 1): M = Ec − 2 wc

1. Internal energy
p p
Ec2
2. First law
dEc = Tc dS − ψc dXc
Properly accounts for non-linear effects of gravitational binding energy

1. Internal energy
p p
Ec2
2. First law
dEc = Tc dS − ψc dXc
Properly accounts for non-linear effects of gravitational binding energy
3. Specific heat at constant dilaton charge Xc
wh0 1
CD = 2π 0 )2
wh00 1 + (wh
00 (w −2M )
2wh c
Allows to check for thermodynamic stability: CD (Xc = Xh + ε) > 0

Outline
Introduction
Free Energy
Applications
D. Grumiller — Black Hole Thermodynamics Applications 26/32

Higher Dimensional Black Holes
Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström, BTZ, Schwarzschild-AdS, ...
EHd+1
spherical reduction
?
DG2

bound. -
EHd+1 EHd+1 + GHYd
spherical reduction spherical reduction

? bound. - ?
DG2 DG2 + 0 GHY0 1

bound. - ?
EHd+1 EHd+1 + GHYd - EHd+1 + GHYd + HJd
spherical reduction spherical reduction ?

? bound. - ?
!- ?
DG2 DG2 + 0 GHY0 1 DG2 + 0 GHY0 1 + HJ1

bound. - ?

? bound. - ?
!- ?
DG2 DG2 + 0 GHY0 1 DG2 + 0 GHY0 1 + HJ1
Main message
It works, regardless of the asymptotics... But nearly no info about HJd !

bound. - ?

? bound. - ?
!- ?
DG2 DG2 + 0 GHY0 1 DG2 + 0 GHY0 1 + HJ1
Main message
It works, regardless of the asymptotics... But nearly no info about HJd !
Example: Schwarzschild-AdS in d + 1 dimensions:

d−2 1 d−3 d(d − 1)
U (X) = − , V (X) = −(const.)X d−1 − X
d−1 X 2 `2

Hawking-Page Transition
Spherically symmetric AdS Black Holes in d + 1 dimensions
CD : specific heat at constant dilaton; rh : horizon radius; `: AdS radius

Black Holes in 2D String Theory
Black holes with exact CFT description (SL(2, R)/U (1) gauged WZW
model) (Witten 1991)

I Large level k: Witten Black Hole (U = −1/X, V ∝ X)
Recover well-known results (Gibbons, Perry 1992; Nappi, Pasquinucci 1992)

I Adding D-branes: 2D type 0A strings
Dropping (Coulomb-) divergences is wrong! (Davies, McNees 2004)

Problem: have to move the ’cavity’ to infinity in string theory

I Witten Black Hole: cannot remove cavity! (specific heat diverges)


I Need finite k corrections (α0 corrections): exact string Black Hole
(Dijkgraaf, Verlinde, Verlinde, 1992)


I Need finite k corrections (α0 corrections): exact string Black Hole
(Dijkgraaf, Verlinde, Verlinde, 1992)
Exact string Black Hole allows removal of cavity!
String theory is its own reservoir

Thermodynamics of the Exact String Black Hole
Interesting geometry: asymptotically flat, one Killing horizon, no
singularity (dilaton violates energy conditions)
Singular limits:
I k → ∞: singularity appears (Witten Black Hole)
I k → 2: horizon disappears (Jackiw-Teitelboim, AdS2 )
Thermodynamical properties

Singular limits:
1. Positive specific heat CD = # k 2 T (like degenerate Fermi gas)

Singular limits:
q
2. Hawking temperature T = TH 1 − k2 (TH : Hagedorn temperature)

Singular limits:
q
3. Logarithmic α0 corrections to entropy (DG 2005)
p p
S = 2π k(k − 2) + arcsinh ( k(k − 2)) = 2πk + 2π ln k + . . .

Singular limits:
q
3. Logarithmic α0 corrections to entropy (DG 2005)
p p
S = 2π k(k − 2) + arcsinh ( k(k − 2)) = 2πk + 2π ln k + . . .
4. Partition function for critical value k = 9/4 (setting GN = 1/4)
Z = earcsinh (3/4) = 2
Relations: α0 b2 = 1/(k − 2), Dim − 26 + 6α0 b2 = 0

Conclusions
...for more info see DG, R. McNees, hep-th/0703230
Main results presented:

Conclusions

I Constructed Hamilton-Jacobi counterterm for generic 2D dilaton
gravity (with two working assumptions!)

Conclusions

I Derived free energy and its thermodynamic descendants (entropy,
internal energy, specific heat, ...)

Conclusions

I Applied it to numerous black holes in various dimensions

Conclusions

Main results not presented:

I Extensitivity and scaling properties
I Nonperturbative stability analysis (tunneling)
I Inclusion of Maxwell fields (charge, spin, ...)

Conclusions

Main results not presented:

I Extensitivity and scaling properties
I Nonperturbative stability analysis (tunneling)
I Inclusion of Maxwell fields (charge, spin, ...)
Next steps envisaged:

I Relax working assumptions (dS!)
I Consider matter fields (reconsider counterterm!)
I Impact on quantum theory?

Thanks for the attention...
...and thanks to Bob McNees for the style and source files of his talk!

Black Hole Thermodynamics and Hamilton-Jacobi Counterterm

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Black Hole Thermodynamics

and Hamilton-Jacobi Counterterm

Center for Theoretical Physics

Penn State University, May 2007

Euclidean Path Integral

D. Grumiller — Black Hole Thermodynamics 2/32

Euclidean Path Integral

D. Grumiller — Black Hole Thermodynamics Introduction 3/32