MINI PROJECT

ON

TOUCHLESS DOOR BELL

Master of Business Administration
Of
A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University

Submitted by

Shruti Gupta
ROLL NO.

Under the Supervision of

Ms. Sumegha Bhatia

Dr. Virendra Swarup Institute of Computer Studies
 CERTIFICATE OF DECLERATION

I undersigned, hereby declare that the project entitled "Touch less doorbell" is an
authenticated work carried out by me under the guidance of my brother Harshit
Gupta for the partial fulfillment of the award for the Degree of Master of Business
Administration of A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University this report has not
previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, or similar title of
any university.

Date: Signature

Place:- Kanpur (Shruti gupta)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my great pleasure to acknowledge the assistance and contribution of the

individuals who co-operated us to complete the project work successfully. First
and foremost, I wish to express my deep gratitude and thanks to Ms. Sumegha
Bhatia Head of department of Dr. Virendra Swarup Institute of Computer Studies,
for their enthusiastic guidance and helping in successful completion of project
work. They provided us their precious time for valuable suggestions and
encouragement throughout the work. It is for their patience, guidance and
encouragement at all time that this work has shaped up the way it is. A project is
teamwork and reflects the contribution of many people. A number people
contributed their time and efforts in making their project work a success. We
would like to thank everyone who contributed their time and efforts to help in
completing the project work.

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 PREFACE

Social distancing is the one of the best method to escape from COVID-19. I
strongly recommend to stay at home. But we can’t avoid some emergency visits to
some homes. When we arrived at infront of a house, first we search the doorbell
button/ calling bell button. And press the button. But in this special situation this
doorbell button can cause the virus to spread. When some infected person press
the button the virus hold on that button and when a non infected person touch this
button the virus spread to that person. We can avoid this danger by using the touch
less doorbell. The existing doorbell can convert to a touch less doorbell.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………..7
PRODUCT INDUSTRY…………………………………………………………………………..8
HOW IT WORKS?..........................................................................................................................9
Working and construction…………………………………………………………………9
Components used………………………………………………………………………...10
Circuit diagram…………………………………………………………………………..10
FEATURES……………………………………………………………………………………...11
PCB connection………………………………………………………………………….11
Resistor…………………………………………………………………………………..12
IR LED…………………………………………………………………………………...13
Photo diode………………………………………………………………………………14
Light emitting diode……………………………………………………………………...15
Preset or variable resistor………………………………………………………………...16
Buzzer……………………………………………………………………………………17
Battery supply……………………………………………………………………………18
LM 358 IC………………………………………………………………………………..18
Working principle of IR sensor…………………………………………………………..20
Infrared sensor uses………………………………………………………………………22
PURPOSE OF PRODUCTS……………………………………………………………………..25
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………………..26
Financial feasibility………………………………………………………………………26
Operational feasibility……………………………………………………………………27
Marketing feasibility……………………………………………………………………..31
Human feasibility………………………………………………………………………...32
DETAIL DESCRIPTION………………………………………………………………………..33

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VRIO FRAMEWORK…………………………………………………………………………...34
Valuable………………………………………………………………………………….34
Rare………………………………………………………………………………………35
Inimitability…....................................................................................................................36
Organized………………………………………………………………………………...37
DIAGRAM OF TOUCH LESS DOOR BELL…………………………………………………..38
CIRCUIT OF TOUCH LESS DOOR BELL…………………………………………………….39
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………..40

TABLE OF FIGURE

Figure 1 TOUCHLESS DOOR BELL.........................................................................................................8

Figure 2 CIRCUIRAMT DIAGRAM........................................................................................................10
Figure 3 RESISTOR..................................................................................................................................12
Figure 4 IR Led.........................................................................................................................................13
Figure 5 PHOTO DIODE..........................................................................................................................14
Figure 6 LIGHT EMITTING.....................................................................................................................15
Figure 7 PRESET......................................................................................................................................16
Figure 8 BUZZER.....................................................................................................................................17
Figure 9 9 VOLT BATTERY....................................................................................................................18
Figure 11 LM 358 IC.................................................................................................................................19
Figure 10 LM358 IC..................................................................................................................................19
Figure 12 IR SENSOR..............................................................................................................................21
Figure 13 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TOUCH LESS DOOR BELL............................................................22
Figure 14 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF TOUCHLESS DOOR BELL..........................................................23
Figure 15 TOUCH LESS DOOR BELL....................................................................................................38
Figure 16 TOUCH LESS DOOR BELL....................................................................................................39

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 INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION

The electronics industry is the economic sector that produces electronic devices. It emerged in
the 20th century and is today one of the largest global industries. Contemporary society uses a
vast array of electronic devices built in automated or semi-automated factories operated by the
industry. Products are primarily assembled from metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors
and integrated circuits, the latter principally by photolithography and often on printed circuit
boards.

The size of the industry and the use of toxic materials, as well as the difficulty of recycling has
led to a series of problems with electronic waste. International regulation and environmental
legislation has been developed in an attempt to address the issues.

The electronics industry consists of various sectors. The central driving force behind the entire
electronics industry is the semiconductor industry sector, which has annual sales of over $481
billion as of 2018. The largest industry sector is e-commerce, which generated over $29
trillion in 2017. 

The most widely manufactured electronic device is the from metal-oxide-semiconductor field-
effect transistors (MOSFET), invented in 1959, which is the "workhorse" of the electronics
industry.

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 PRODUCT INTRODUCTION

This is one of the very interesting and much

useful circuits in our life named
“TOUCHLESS DOOR BELL”. If we install
this door bell using object detection circuit,
the circuit will automatically sense the
presence of the person and it rings the door
bell. This circuit operates using a pair of
transmitter and receiver modules which are
used to detect the person and then if the
person is detected, the door bell is
automatically turned in when the person is
in-front of door. Figure
F 1 TOUCHLESS DOOR BELL

In which we use the circuit to continue the process. We can use this circuit without any
experience of physics. It is easily to process and enable to anyone. This product is very
useful in pandemic situation because it is used by censor without touching the door bell
and we can call the owner of house without touching the door bell.
In the pandemic situation when some infected person press the button and when a non
infected person touch this button the virus spread to that person. We can avoid this
danger by using the touch less doorbell. The existing Dobell can convert to a touch less
doorbell.

Infrared technology addresses a wide variety of wireless applications. The main areas are
sensing and remote controls. Touch less door bell is very unique product in this pandemic
situation. This touch less door bell is easy to cooperate to skin because of sensor. This
sensor.

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 HOW IT WORKS?

We all have a doorbell at our homes. When a guest comes to our house, they search for the door
bell switch and then ring it to let us know their presence. If who came to our house and unable to
find doorbell, else person is so short then they cannot find the doorbell in this case we need a
solution that can find the presence of a person and rings the doorbell automatically.
Here we are producing something that can be a sensing based “TOUCHLESS DOORBELL” by
using “INFRARED RADIATION PROXIMITY SENSOR” with some locally available
components.

It can detect the presence of a person and then if the person is detected, the door bell is
automatically turned “ON” when the person is infront of the door.

WORKING AND CONSTRUCTION

This project is made up of IC LM358 dual comparator, IR transmeter and receiver, some variable
resistance, some LEDS and some resistance. As an output purpose we have used a buzzer.
 First a 9v battery source is being connected with an IR led light which is also connected with
220 ohm register and it shows that IR LED is switched ON with an infrared light is coming out .

Now if we take any object or our hand and the light is going to reflect, this reflection will be
received by an another IR sensor which is connected in series with 10k ohm register. When the
IR sensor is reflecting its light then it also passes some current through 10k registor. With this
10k registor an IC LM358 (OPAMP) is connected. Here Lm358 is being used as a comparator.
When an IR sensor passes the non-holding signal to the OPMAP it becomes set which means it
produces a high output signal. This output signal is captured by the buzzer and a red LED starts
glowing. For producing high frequency from the buzzer we have connected BC547 (a transistor)
which is helping us to convert the voltage into 9v.

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Components used 
1. 220 ohm resistor

2. 10k ohm resistor (for this variable potentiometer can also be used)

3. Buzzer

4. IR sensor

5. LM 358

6. BC – 747

7. Battery

8. Battery caps

9. P.C.B board

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-

Figure 2 CIRCUIRAMT DIAGRAM

IN CASE OF LED LIGHTS WE HAVE USED BUZZER.

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 FEATURES

FOLLOWING THE NEEDED COMPONENTS ARE:

1. Resistors (220 ohm, 10k ohm, 100 ohm)

2. Potentiometer/variable resistor 10k ohm

3. IR transmitter

4. IR receiver

5. Normal LED (any color)

5. Connecting wires

7. Battery/DC source (4 to 9 volt)

8. Buzzer

PCB Connection:

A zero printed circuit board, or PCB, is used for Electronics and Communication support
and “electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal
traces etched from copper sheets laminated to a non-conductive substrate.
The PCB is printed circuit board having circuit made with cooper layer on the plate there
are various steps to design a PCB for that the basic thing required is circuit. So, the circuits
required for the system

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Resistor:

A resister is a passive two terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance is a
circuit element. The current through a resister is in direct proportion to the voltage across the
resister's terminals. Thus, the ratio of the voltage applied across a resistor's terminals to the
intensity of current through the circuit is called
resistance.

V=lR

Where is the current through the conductor in units of amperes, V is the potential difference
measured across the conductor in units of volts, Figure 3 RESISTOR
and R is the resistance of the
conductor in units of ohms. More specifically, Ohms law states that the current I flowing
through the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (v) across its ends
provided the physical conditions like temperature, strain etc.

Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits ' Practical
resistors can be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of
a high-resistivity alloy, such as nicked-chrome)
Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits, particularly analog devices, and can
also be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits.

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IR LED (TRANSMTTTER)

An IR Led is also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays
in the range of 100 nm wavelength. Such as LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or
aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers are commonly used as sensors.

Figure 4 IR Led

The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the infrared
radiations, it is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not unlike
a common LED. To overcome this problem, the camera on a cell phone can be used. The
Camera can show us the IR rays being emanated from the IR LED in a circuit.

The IR LED or Infrared LED has polarity i.e. it has a positive and negative pin. The pin

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which is long is the positive pin (anode) and the pin which is short is the negative pin (cathode)
as shown in the above IR LED pin out.

Features:

. High Reliability

. Excessive radiant intensity

. Forward voltage is low

. Having lead spacing of 2.54mm

. Maximum wavelength is 940nm

USES:

IR LED is used in various daily used electronic appliances. As in the remote of the television,
infrared cameras, transmission systems. We can make various projects, sensor using the IR LED
like obstacle detector, visitor-counter and line-followers.

Photo diode:

A photo-diode is a reverse-biased silicon or

gennanium pn junction in which reverse current
increases when the junction is exposed to light. The
reverse current in a photo-diode is directly
proportional to the intensity of light falling on its pn
junction. This means that greater the intensity of light
falling on the pn-junction of photo-diode, the greater
will be the reverse current.
Figure 5 PHOTO DIODE
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Characteristics of Photo-diode:

There are two important characteristics of photodiode

(i) Reverse current-Illumination curve
(ii) Reverse voltage-Reverse current curve.

Applications of Photo-diodes
1. A photo diode is use in an alarm system
2. A photo diode may be used to count items on a convey or belt.

Light-Emitting Diode (LED):

Light-emitting diodes are not made from silicon or

germanium but are made by using elements like gallium,
phosphorus and arsenic. By varying the quantities of
these elements, it is possible to produce light of different
wavelengths with colors that include red, green, yellow
and blue. For example, when a LED is manufactured
using gallium arsenide, it will produce a red light. If the
LED is made with gallium phosphide, it will produce a Figure 6 LIGHT EMITTING
green light.

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Advantages of LED

The light-emitting diode (LED) is a solid-state light source. LEDs have replaced incandescent
lamps in many applications because they have the following advantages:

(i) Low voltage

(ii) Longer life (more than 20 years)

(iii) Fast on-off switching

Applications of LEDs:

The LED is a low-power device. The power rating of a LED is of the order of mill watts' this
means that it is useful as an indicator but not good for illumination. Probably the two most
common applications for visible LEDs are -

(a) As a Power indicator

(b) seven-segment display

PRESET OR VARIABIE RESISTOR:

A preset is a three legged electronic component which can be made to offer varying resistance in
a circuit. The resistance is varied by adjusting the rotary
control over it. The adjustment can be done by using a
small screw driver or a similar tool. The resistance does
not very linearly but rather varies in exponential or
logarithmic marines .Such variable resistors are commonly
used for adjusting sensitivity along with a sensor.

The variable resistance is obtained across the single

terminal at front and one of the two other terminals. The
Figure 7 PRESET
two legs at back offer fixed resistance which is divided by the front leg. So whenever only the

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hack terminals are used, a preset acts as a fixed resistor. Presets are specified by the fined value
resistance.

Buzzer:

Figure 8 BUZZER

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical,

or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

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Battery/ supply (DC) :

The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is a common size of battery that was introduced for the
early transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape
with rounded edges and a polarized snap connector at
the top. This type is commonly used in walkie-talkies,
clocks and smoke detectors and various types of circuits.

The nine-volt battery format is commonly available in

primary carbon-zinc and alkaline
chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide, and in
Figure 9 9 VOLT BATTERY
rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium, nickels metal
hydride and lithium-ion. Mercury-oxide batteries of this format, once common, have not been
manufactured in many years due to their mercury content.
Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are constructed of six individual 1.5 V LR61 cells enclosed in a
wrapper. Carbon-zinc types are made with six flat cells in a stack, enclosed in a moisture
resistant
wrapper to prevent drying. Primary lithium types are made with three cells in series. The smaller
circular (male) terminal is positive, and the larger hexagonal or octagonal (female) terminal is
the negative contact.

LM358 IC:

The 1M358 IC is a great, low power and easy to use dual channel op-amp f c. It is designed and
introduced by national semiconductor. It consists of two internally frequency compensated, high
gain, and independent op-amps. This IC is designed for specially to operate from a single power
supply over a wide range of voltages. The LM35g IC is available in a chip sized package and
applications of this op amp include conventional op-amp circuits, DC gain blocks and transducer
amplifiers. LM358 IC is a good, standard operational amplifier and it is suitable for our needs. It
can handle 3-32v DC supply & source up to 20mA per channel.

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Pin Configuration of LM358 IC:
The pin diagram of 1M358 IC comprises of 8 pins,
where

. Pin-1 and pin-T are o/p of the comparator

. Pin-2 and pin-6 are inverting i/p supply

. Pin-3 and pin-5 are non-inverting i/p supply Figure 10 LM358 IC

. Pin-4 is GND terminal

. Pin-8 is VCC+

Figure 11 LM 358 IC

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Features of LM358 IC :

The features of the LM358 IC are:

. The large voltage gain is 100 dB

. Wide bandwidth is 1MHz

. Range of wide power supplies includes single and dual power supplies

. Range of Single power supply is from 3V to 32V

. Range of dual power supplies is from + or -1.5V to + or -16V

. The supply current drain is very low, i.e., 500 µA

Applications of LM358 IC :

. LM358 IC is used in Dark Sensor Circuit

. LM358 IC is used in Shock Alarm Circuit

Working Principle of IR sensor:

The principle of an IR sensor working as an Object Detection Sensor can be explained

using the following figure below.

An IR sensor consists of an IR LED and IR Photodiode.Together they are called as Photo-

Coupler or Opto-Coupler.

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 Figure 12 IR SENSOR

When the IR transmitter emits radiation, it reaches the object and some of the radiation reflects
back to the IR receiver. Based on the intensity of the reception by the IR receiver, the output of
the sensor is defined.

Although infrared detectors can be designed to perform different functions, all infrared detectors
are made of pyro electric materials, whether natural or artificial, the pyro electric material
produces an electrical voltage whenever it is heated or cooled.

Most infrared detectors are coated with either parabolic mirrors or Fresnel lenses to retrieve the
infrared waves from an entire room or area, as the infrared waves reach the sensor from different
areas, they cause the sensor to generate a voltage in different waves that can be used to trigger an
alarm or activate some other type of system.

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Infrared sensor uses:

Infrared detectors are used in a wide variety of applications, they can be used in any situation
that requires thermal energy detection, and they are most used in the conjunction with an infrared
emitter to transfer the infrared light.

Infrared detectors are used as motion detectors to open the doors, track the objects, or activate
specific systems based on the thermal energy which is irradiated from the people' the animals
and moving objects.

Infrared detectors are used in night-vision applications, laser range finding and heat seeking
missiles, Television remotes emit infrared light to change the channels and the television itself
has a built-in infrared sensor to receive the remote.

Figure 13 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TOUCH LESS DOOR BELL

Obstacle Sensing Circuit or IR Sensor Circuit:

A typical IR sensing circuit is shown below.

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 Figure 14 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF TOUCHLESS DOOR BELL

It consists of an IR LED, a photodiode, a potentiometer, an IC Operational amplifier and an

LED. IR LED emits infrared light. The Photodiode detects the infrared light. An IC Op-Amp is
used as a voltage comparator. The potentiometer is used to calibrate the output of the sensor
according to the requirement.

When the light emitted by the IR LED is incident on the photodiode after hitting an object, the
resistance of the photodiode falls down from a huge value. One of the inputs of the op-amp is at
threshold value set by the potentiometer.

The other input to the op amp is from the photodiode's series resistor. When the incident
radiation is more on the photodiode, the voltage drop across the series resistor will be high. In
the IC, both the threshold voltage and the voltage across the series resistor are compared. If the
voltage across the resistor series to photodiode is greater than that of the threshold voltage, the
output of the IC Op-Amp is high.

As the output of the IC is connected to an LED, it lightens up. The threshold voltage can be
adjusted by adjusting the potentiometer depending on the environmental conditions.

The positioning of the IR LED and the IR Receiver is an important factor. When the IR LED

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is held directly in front of the IR receiver, this setup is called Direct Incidence. In this case,
almost the entire radiation from the IR LED will fall on the IR receiver. Hence there is a line of
sight communication between the infrared transmitter and the receiver. If an object falls in this
line, it obstructs the radiation from reaching the receiver other by reflecting the radiation or
absorbing the radiation.

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 PURPOSE OF PRODUCT

Anti-Corona Touch less Doorbell using Arduino and IR Sensor- in this Covid-19 situation we are
going to make a very practical project that you can build yourself if you follow my instruction.
You know during this Covid-19 Corona Virus situation we need to keep the distance from others
and stop touching things which may be easily infected. Doorbell is touched by everyone, and
what if the Doorbell button is pressed by someone who is Corona positive then? We need to stop
Corona Virus from spreading, not only Corona Virus there may be some other diseases which
may spread through touching. As an engineer, I will show you how to make your doorbell touch-
free or touch less. So, in this article, you will learn how to make your own touch less doorbell
system using Arduino and an IR Sensor. By touch-free doorbell I quite literally mean touch-free.
So you do not need to press the bell button anymore.  You just wave your hand in front of the IR
sensor and the doorbell will start ringing. So the purpose behind this project is, as you all might
know one of the most recommended precautions to take against the covid-19 is to maintain
social distance and avoid contact with each other or strangers. So what happens is whenever a
person comes to our houses the first thing that they do is they touch or press the doorbell and by
doing so they are leaving the germs that were previously on their hands to the doorway and the
next time someone from your family presses the doors doorbell the same germs gets transferred
to their hands. So to avoid this kind of situation we completely eliminate the need to press the
doorbell itself. So when there will be no need to press the doorbell no one will touch it and that’s
when no germs will be transferred.

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 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

Financial Feasibility

Firstly I want to tell you what is financial feasibility. Financial feasibility is describes whether or
not your project is fiscally viable. A financial feasibility report includes a cost/benefit analysis of
the project. It also forecasts an expected return on investment (ROI), as well as outlines any
financial risks.

In my innovation I have used these components:-

Rs.

 Resistors (220 ohm, 10k ohm, 100 ohm) 2

 Potentiometer/ variable resistor 10k ohm 69

 IR receiver 272

 Normal LED (any color) 20

 Connecting wires 10 per meter

 Battery/ DC source (4 to 9 volt) 137

 Buzzer 50

 Labor cost 50 per touchless door bell

 My mental and physical contribution 40

TOTAL COST 650

In my innovation cost is Rs. 650 which is easy to buy for everyone and also it is very easy to use.

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Operational Feasibility

Operational feasibility is the measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and
takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the
requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development.

In my innovation I have used these components:-

PCB Connection:

A zero printed circuit board, or PCB, is used for Electronics and Communication support
and “electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal
traces etched from copper sheets laminated to a non-conductive substrate.

The PCB is printed circuit board having circuit made with cooper layer on the plate there
are various steps to design a PCB for that the basic thing required is circuit. So, the circuits
required for the system

Resistor:
A resister is a passive two terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance is a
circuit element. The current through a resister is in direct proportion to the voltage across the
resister's terminals. Thus, the ratio of the voltage applied across a resistor's terminals to the
intensity of current through the circuit is called resistance.

Where is the current through the conductor in units of amperes, V is the potential difference
measured across the conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of the
conductor in units of ohms. More specifically, Ohms law states that the current I flowing
through the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (v) across its ends
provided the physical conditions like temperature, strain etc.

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IR LED (TRANSMTTTER)
An IR Led is also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays
in the range of 100 nm wavelength. Such as LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or
aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers are commonly used as sensors.

Photo diode:

A photo-diode is a reverse-biased silicon or gennanium pn junction in which reverse current

increases when the junction is exposed to light. The reverse current in a photo-diode is directly
proportional to the intensity of light falling on its pn junction. This means that greater the
intensity of light falling on the pn-junction of photo-diode, the greater will be the reverse current.

Light-Emitting Diode (LED):

Light-emitting diodes are not made from silicon or germanium but are made by using elements
like gallium, phosphorus and arsenic. By varying the quantities of these elements, it is possible to
produce light of different wavelengths with colors that include red, green, yellow and blue. For
example, when a LED is manufactured using gallium arsenide, it will produce a red light. If the
LED is made with gallium phosphide, it will produce a green light.

Preset Or Variable Resistor:

A preset is a three legged electronic component which can be made to offer varying resistance in
a circuit. The resistance is varied by adjusting the rotary control over it. The adjustment can be
done by using a small screw driver or a similar tool. The resistance does not very linearly but
rather varies in exponential or logarithmic marines .Such variable resistors are commonly used
for adjusting sensitivity along with a sensor.

The variable resistance is obtained across the single terminal at front and one of the two other
terminals. The two legs at back offer fixed resistance which is divided by the front leg. So

28 VSICS
whenever only the hack terminals are used, a preset acts as a fixed resistor. Presets are specified
by the fined value resistance.

Battery/ supply (DC) :

The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is a common size of battery that was introduced for the
early transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized snap
connector at the top. This type is commonly used in walkie-talkies, clocks and smoke detectors
and various types of circuits.

The nine-volt battery format is commonly available in primary carbon-zinc and alkaline
chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide, and in rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium, nickel
metal hydride and lithium-ion. Mercury-oxide batteries of this format, once common, have not
been manufactured in many years due to their mercury content.

Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are constructed of six individual 1.5 V LR61 cells enclosed in a
wrapper. Carbon-zinc types are made with six flat cells in a stack, enclosed in a moisture
resistant
wrapper to prevent drying. Primary lithium types are made with three cells in series. The smaller
circular (male) terminal is positive, and the larger hexagonal or octagonal (female) terminal is
the negative contact.

LM358 IC:

The 1M358 IC is a great, low power and easy to use dual channel op-amp f c. It is designed and
introduced by national semiconductor. It consists of two internally frequency compensated, high
gain, and independent op-amps. This IC is designed for specially to operate from a single power
supply over a wide range of voltages. The LM35g IC is available in a chip sized package and
applications of this op amp include conventional op-amp circuits, DC gain blocks and transducer

29 VSICS
amplifiers. LM358 IC is a good, standard operational amplifier and it is suitable for our needs. It
can handle 3-32v DC supply & source up to 20mA per channel.
Infrared sensor uses:

Infrared detectors are used in a wide variety of applications, they can be used in any situation
that requires thermal energy detection, and they are most used in the conjunction with an infrared
emitter to transfer the infrared light.

Infrared detectors are used as motion detectors to open the doors, track the objects, or activate
specific systems based on the thermal energy which is irradiated from the people' the animals
and moving objects.

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Marketing Feasibility

Market feasibility is a study that identifies the success of a product in a particular market. It helps
to identify the potential markets, market competition, potential development in the market, and
market analysis to evaluate the business idea.

What to Include in a Market Feasibility Study. Market feasibility studies should include a
description of the industry, current market analysis, competition, anticipated future market
potential, potential sources of revenue, and sales projections

The main objective of a market research feasibility study is to understand the market and
determine whether enough demand exists to make the venture successful.

In this innovation we can use the advertisement through T. V., radio and so on. It is easily
affordable to all. Advertisement is the source of growing growth of the business. Marketing is
the best method for the growth of business.

With the use of newspaper, we can say that everyone read the newspaper nowadays so we can
advertise our product on newspaper.

We also can provide the sample for particular sector of the product. And we can also distribute
on the local shops. We have advertised on social media also.

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Human Resource Feasibility

Human Resource Management focuses on principles, methods, and technologies that are used to
improve the productivity of an organization. There are several different focus areas in Human
Resources: Recruiting and staffing. Compensation and benefits. Training and learning

In my innovation we can appoint the employees who are operate electronic devices. Employees
easily handle the circuit of touch less door bell.

We can say that who are experience in physics those are handle this project. In my point of view
this circuit is very easy to handle it.

Many labors are required in this project because of demand and also supply. And also we need a
machine that can easily to handle it, when machine is here then we need workers to handle the
machine.

We can also need a staff members for manage the workers. In which we can say that we need a
manager who can manage a workers.

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 DETAIL DESCRIPTION

Advantages:-
The proposed system is easy to install as well as has low cost of manufacturing and
maintenance .Moreover, the wiring required in comparison to conventional doorbells is also
reduced. The system is more secure as well as is portable and thus, can be carried and used
anywhere. However, it has some disadvantages as well. One of the major disadvantages of the
system is that it works on a battery that might get discharged without your knowledge. Both the
Transmitter and Receiver parts of the circuit must be always turned on i.e. there should always
be power. Wireless doorbell can be used in homes offices, hospitals banks and in various
industrial applications.

Advantages of touch less Door Bell:

1. The house owner can open the door very quickly

2. It is very helpful for short people

3. Save time for searching doorbell switch

4. Save electricity

5. Save manpower

Applications of touch less Door bell System:

Some general applications of the touch less doorbell system are

1. Fire engines,

2. in telephone,

3. Railroad crossing,

4. School bells and

5. Alarm in industrial plants etc.

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 VRIO FRAMEWORK

Valuable

The first question of the framework asks touch less door bell is valuable? Yes it is valuable. It is

very important in pandemic situation. We all have a doorbell at our homes. When a guest comes

to our house, they search for the door bell switch and then ring it to let us know their presence. If

who came to our house and unable to find doorbell, else person is so short then they cannot find

the doorbell in this case we need a solution that can find the presence of a person and rings the

doorbell automatically. Social distancing is the one of the best method to escape from COVID-

19. I strongly recommend to stay at home. But we can’t avoid some emergency visits to some

homes. When we arrived at infront of a house, first we search the doorbell button/ calling bell

button. And press the button. But in this special situation this doorbell button can cause the virus

to spread. When some infected person press the button the virus hold on that button and when a

non infected person touch this button the virus spread to that person. We can avoid this danger

by using the touch less doorbell. The existing doorbell can convert to a touch less doorbell.

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RARE

It is rare because no one can handle this type of circuit. It is after writing the code, upload it and
you’re ready. Now bring any object or your hand in front of the sensor. And it will give alerts
through buzzer.

When we initialize the sensing element by sending the high level pulse for 10𝜇s, the sensing
element sends eight 40 kHz ultrasonic cycles and if these cycles get mirrored by any obstacle
then they get mirrored back to the receiver. Now, the sensing element provides the time taken in
moving the ultrasonic signal from transmitter to obstacle and from obstacle to receiver. So, we
use this time to calculate the space between the sensor and obstacle.

We’ve set our program for 70 cm range of the sensor, so if any person is in this range will be
detected and doorbell will work accordingly. If you want to increase or decrease the range then
give that value of distance in the if condition and you are all set. But remember that the range of
ultrasonic sensor is 2 cm to 400 cm so do not go beyond that. If you want to add an LED to the
circuit for alerts then you can add it with any digital pins and add a simple digital in the if and
else conditions and then put HIGH in if and LOW in else so that it can turn it ON and OFF with
respect to the buzzer.

If you want this touch less doorbell to look good then make a case using any old shoe box and
place the whole circuit inside it. Make sure that the sensor is not covered.

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Inimitable

Yes it is inimitable because here is no one who install touches door in their house. It is very
unique and affordable thing because it is not an expensive thing. We can easily install this at
your home without any hesitation.

It is very unique and we have to compulsory to install at their home because there is pandemic
situation and anyone who is positive and we don’t know who is infected. And he/she touches you
door bell easily spread corona that’s why it is compulsory to install touch less door bell. That’s
why it is unique.

When some infected person presses the button the virus hold on that. button and when a non-
infected person touch this button the virus spread. To that person. We can avoid this danger by
using the touch less doorbell. The existing doorbell can convert to a touch less doorbell.

Here it is we know that why is inimitable touch less doorbell.

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ORGANIZED

And this is the last framework in which they asked that touch less door bell is organized. It easily
organized to anyone. Which is useful to us. Touch less door bell is very unique. That is
organized to anyone.

Tousles door bell is very unique and also it is affordable to anyone. Yes it is organized by
anyone.

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DIAGRAM OF TOUCH LESS DOOR BELL:-

Figure 15 TOUCH LESS DOOR BELL

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CIRCUIT OF TOUCH LESS DOOR BELL:-

Figure 16 TOUCH LESS DOOR BELL

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 CONCLUSION

There are five basic elements used in a typical infrared detection systems an infrared source,
transmission medium, optical components infrared detectors or receivers and signal processing.
Infrared lasers and Infrared LED's of specific wavelength can be used as infrared sources. The
three main types of media used for infrared transmission are vacuum, atmosphere and optical.
Fibers, Optical components are used to focus the infrared radiation or to limit the spectral
response. Optical lenses made of Quartz, Germanium and Silicon are focus the infrared radiation.
Infrared receivers can be photodiodes, phototransistors are some important specifications of
infrared receivers are photosensitivity, directivity and noise equivalent, power Signal processing
is done by amplifiers as the output of infrared detector is very small. The presented circuit of
wireless controlled doorbell is employs two major section i.e. transmitter and receiver. The
working principal of the circuit is based on both circuits. This transmitter section is designed
around oscillator transistor.The output from transistor gives to emitter to generate radio
frequency from its collector. We also adjust this transmitter frequency using trimmer. The
receiver section has two main sections i.e. RF amplifier section and bell trigger section. An aerial
is used to receive the transmitted frequency from remote which is further amplified by amplifier
and trigger circuit. The whole receiver circuit utilizes seven transistors. In future invention we
can modify doorbell as with sensors and camera ;when person come near to door bell area,
thensensor will detect the person and ringer will ringing sound and camera will captures this
image at displayed that image in home.

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THANK YOU

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