Modelling and Load Flow Analysis of a Microgrid

Serial No. Enrollment No. Name

1 18115002 Aayush Ranjan
2 18115005 Abhishek Meena
3 18115006 Abhishek Prabhakar
4 18115029 Chirag Baghla

I. MOTIVATION
A microgrid is simply an electrical grid containing several
homes, energy storage units, distribution generators and its
main purpose is to continue the functioning in case the - (5)
main grid fails or in case of excess supply, store the energy
in storage unit, this results in a dynamic response to the
energy source as it itself acts as a source to respond and
recover quickly. The newer developments in the integration - (6)
of AC/DC power supply/demand permitting the formation Here , is a binary value and its value is 1 if bus i is directly
of AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids, whose responsiveness connected to an IC (Interlinking Converter) in the grid, or
(especially under islanded mode) must be properlyanalysed 0 if it is not. Rest of the notations used are usual and are
which requires an accurate and robust load flow program. used in power flow equations.[3]

II. OBJECTIVE IV. EXPECTED OUTCOME

PART 1: (i) Formulation of power flow program using
least square minimization
(ii) Solving the result of part (i) using Levenberg-
Marquardt algorithm
(iii) Validation of accuracy of used algorithm
against time domain simulations results
PART 2: Perform an extended decoupled power flow
analysis for islanded microgrids based on Newton Raphson
method.
The results obtained from TDS will be compared with those of
UPF and accuracy will be assessed using maximum
deviation calculated for bus voltage magnitude, active and
reactive powers which will aloe us to judge whether the
proposed algorithm can be used to test for increased R/X
ratio (moving towards more islanded nature).[4]

III. METHODOLOGY
The modelling of a load flow problem is an indispensable
step before proceeding to solve the load flow solution of a
system. For the modelling of an AC type DG unit in a
microgrid, the frequency and the AC terminal voltage of
the droop-controlled DG unit are autonomously regulated
on the basis of DG active and reactive power outputs’ local
measurements.[1][2]
The angular frequency and voltage are related by the
equations shown below. Figure 1: Results of the time-domain simulation expected
with varying ratio of R/X
- (1)
REFRENCES
- (2) [1] Modelling and Simulation of Microgrid: Ahmad
Here mp, nq are the active and reactive power’s static droop Alzahrani, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Pourya Shamsi, and Cihan H.
gains of our AC type DG unit, respectively. The static Dagli
droop gains, mp and nq, are determined based on the ranges [2] A decoupled extended power flow analysis based on
specified for the frequency and voltage magnitudes, as Newton-Raphson method for islanded microgrids: Amir
determined from (3) and (4). Ali Nazari, Reza Keypour, M.H. Beiranvand, Nima
Amjady
[3] Modeling and Load Flow Analysis of a Microgrid
- (3)
Laboratory: Taufik, Matthew A. Guevara, Ali Shaban and
Ahmad Nafisi
- (4) [4] Power Flow Analysis of AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids: A.
After modelling our next step is to determine the equations A. Eajal, Mohamed A. Abdelwahed, E. F. El-Saadany, and
for AC power flow in the grid, so at a general AC bus i, we K. Ponnambalam
can define them using the equations below.