SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Answer the
following questions in about 30-40 words:
Q.1. Whom does the poet wish to turn from?
Ans. The poet finds the man now has
Why?
become complicated, pretentious,
complaining and sinner. Man has lost the basic goodness. Thus, he wishesgreed,
to turn
dissatisfied
man and live with animals who still away from
possess these virtues.
Q.2. Why does the poet wish to live with animals ?
Ans. The poet is
unhappy with man's
goodness while the animals still possess theirdegradation.
He finds that man has lost
all his
basic features. 'They are
unambitious, uncomplaining, simple and honest. He finds himself more like self-contained, peaceful,
order to be simple honest and animals. So., in
peaceful, he wishes to live with the animals.
Q.3. How a r e animals better than men?
Ans. Animals are
self-contained, uncomplaining, simple, honest and peaceful. Humans
keep
complaining about their condition. They commit sins and then
create differences repent. They preach a lot. They
among themselves. They are greedy and
complain nor grudge. They neither preach nor pretentious also. Animals neither
they are better than humans. worship. They are not ambitious or
greedy. Thus,
Q.4. How do amimals show their relation to
the poet ? How does he react
Ans. A poet is also like animals as to it ?
they possess all the lost virtues of humans. Animals
their relation to him by show
being natural, simple, honest and unambitious which
nature. They do not believe in his
worshipping God or their ancestors. They do not sin and basic
was

sleepless nights repenting. So, the poet accepts their relation to spend
them. him and wishes to live with

Q.5. What does the poet mean by 'tokens of

animals still possess ? myself' that humans have lost but
Ans. By the
expression tokens of myself', the poetwishes to convey the basic nature of the
humans their simplicity,
honesty,
-

that they have lost or equality, purity of heart, satisfaction, peace and
forgotten their march of civilisation or
in happiness
possess these basic virtues. development. Animals still
Q6. How, according to the
Ans. poet, have animals got the tokens'?
According to the poet, humans were just like animals a long time
civilisation, they grew negligent towards their basic ago. In their march to
honesty, simplicity, innocence and nature. Thus, they lost all the virtues or
tells us that animals have goodness. But animals still possess these virtues. The
what they have become. retained and preserved them, poet
reminding man of what they were and
Q.7. How does the
poet react to man's ways?
Why?
The poem 'Animals' Or
is a satirical
Ans. Man
commits sins, comment on man's
God. He repents, complains ways". Justify.
about his condition:
desires to own
everything. He preaches about his duues
encourages differences and
pretends to be
conce
 at the future of the whole earth. The poet dilikes it and is fed
abou up with man's pretentious
false nature. S0, he wishes to turn away from man's world and live with animals who are
peaceful, simple and not at all greedy and false.
0.8. What has made man drop his tokens' ?
Ans. Man has always been greedy and selfish. He desires to own everything. In his march to
:ilisation, he has become careless and negligent towards his basic nature. He wants to
civil
suceed at the cost ot hs simplicity, honesty and peace. So, he negligently, but also deliberately
at the same time, has dropped his 'tokens' or virtues a part of his true nature, a long time ago.
Q.9. What message does the poem 'Animals' wish to convey ?
Or
What is the central idea of the poem Animals' ?
Ans. The poem 'Animals' comments upon man's degraded condition. He himself has dropped
his goodness way behind and now, he suffers due to lack of it. So, man should not lose his basic
nature his simplicity, satisfaction, honesty and peace. He should not be greedy, selfish or
pretentious. He should not create differences in the name of God.

Q.10. Comment on the poetic aspect of "Animals'.

Ans. Animals' is an emotional and satirical comment on man's ways. It is non-conformist
kind of poetry that follows no poetic aesthetics. It has long, prosaic, un-even and unrhymned
lines and no proper stanza form. It is reflective and contemplative in mood. The poet has used
that adds to its
symbolism to depict the basic nature of man. The poem ends with a question
impact.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Answer the followving questions in about 100-120 words:
Whitman prefers to live with animals
1 . In the poem Animals' the poet Walt
rather than Man. Why?
writes: "Not one (animal) is dissatisfied,
Ans. In the poem 'Animals' the poet Walt Whitman
to highlight Man's pretentious, greedy,
Ot one is demented with the mania of owning things"
man is essentially an
animal he has become very
ISSatistied and complaining nature. Though
the basic qualities of truthfulness and
and unpredictable in his behaviour. He has lost
mplex than man. that
He believes mankind had
early
ty. Today animals exhibit better qualities and equality but in Man's march towards
the virtues of simplicity, honesty, goodness
Dasie here expresses his disillusionment
with man's
Zation, he lost all these virtues. poet
The
have any
He feels animals do not sin so they do not
r e of sinning first and then repenting. about his condition but animals
never complain
reason
r e p e n t . Man is forever complaining about towards God but does not put it
his duty
r e satisfied and happy. Man preaches
in of pretentions he is not happy.
made his life complicated and full
cice. Since m a n has The more he gets the more he wants.
M n's greed for knows no limit.
reed for acquiring material things are one of his greatest bane. 'Thus the poet prefers
Lack COntentment
of con and lopsided priorities
tolive with animals rather than man. civilisation has influenced Man's
that
home the fact
w has the poet driven
ha
behaviour?
 greatly affected man's behaviour. With time and
Ans. It is true that civilisation has
has now evolved into a comnla.
technological advancements, man, who was a simple primate
and altered our way of living O
human being. Civilization has affected our group dynamics
modern behaviour can find its roots in our socio-cultural and socio-biological evolution. Earl
humans were nomads who lived to survive. Their needs were minimum and means of achievina
ng
them, primitive. They were closer to nature and so interdependence, simplicity, innocence and
goodness was their basic nature. But with development, modern civilisation has become more
dependent on technology rather than people. Like slow poison, our emotional and physical need
of interdependence on people was taken over by technology. It made us self-centered and I, Me.
Myself gradually replaced We'. In a materialistic world, driven by market forces, our needs
have become unlimited. We do not believe that
happiness lies in contentment but are made to
believe, it lies in
acquiring worldly possessions. Thus, it is safe to say that civilisation has
greatly influenced man and his behavioural patterns.
 d sClEllLllIC Ilda
JOurlal puDIISIIEd
Q.2. How did Ebright's mother help him to become a scientist ?
Ans. Ebright's mother was his first teacher and his only childhood friend and companion
She encouraged his interest in learning, bought him the necessary equipments and encouraged
him to collect butterflies and raise them in their basement. She opened the world of science to
him by getting the book The Travels of Monarch X that narrated how monarch butterflies
migrate to Central America. She thus introduced him to Dr Urquhart, the author of the book. a
renowned scientist, who gave him ideas and suggestions for experiments, after he had lost in
the county science fair, in his seventh grade.
Q.3. How did Ebright come in contact with Dr Urquhart ?
Ans. Ebright's mother gifted him Dr Urquhart's book, The Travels of Monarch X. Ebright
started tagging butterflies for Dr Urquhart. When Ebright's entry, in his seventh grade, lost in
the county science fair, he wrote to Dr Urquhart seeking suggestions and guidance in his
projects from him.
Q4. Who was the
Ans. When he
source
of encouragement for Ebright when he wasvery young?
very young his mother was a source of great
was
encouragement. She took
him trips, bought him telescopes, microscopes, cameras, mounting
on
materials, and otheer
equipments that helped him in his projects in many ways.
Q.5. What knowledge did he gain by reading the book The Travels of Monarch X?
Ans. The book narrates how monarch butterflies
migrate to Central America. At the end of
the book, Dr Urquhart invited readers to help
study butterfly migration and tag butterflies for
him. It opened the world of science to the
young collector.
Q.6. Why did Ebright decide to raise butterflies in his basement ?
Ans. He wanted to tag the monarch butterflies to
study their migration. Since butterfly
season lasted only six weeks he wouldn't be able catch
many and tag them. Hence, he decided to
raise them in his basement.
Q.7. What was his presentation for his first county science exhibition ? How was
it different from others?
Ans. For the first county science exhibition he
presented slides on frog tissues which were
showed under a microscope. It was different from the winners
because they had tried to do real
experiments, and not simply make a neat display.
Q.8. What was the project for Ebright's eighth grade?
Ans. For his eighth grade, he tried to find the cause of
a viral disease that kills nearly all
monarch caterpillars every few years. He
thought that the disease be carried a beetle.
experiment andby
Though he couldn't prove anything he showed that he had tried the may won at the
county science fair.
Q.9. According to the theory of Ebright why do
viceroy butterflies copy monarcn*
Ans. Viceroys taste good to birds and
they eat them; but monarchs don't taste good and so
birds don't eat them. In order to
escape being birds' dinner, viceroys a
copy monarchs. 1
*
means of camouflage
for them.
 school ? Wnat
Q10. What
Wh. research did Ebright do during his senior year in high
d i s c o v e r
?
he his
did earch that led to
Ans. Dur uring the second year in high school, Ebright began the on the llre or
of an unknowm insect hormone. Indirectly, it also led to his
new theory
discovery ery
cells. ?
Q.11. H o v How did army laboratory
Ebright get the chance to work in the
to work in the
Ans.
Ebright's project on the gold spots of the monarch won him the chance
Alter that he again won the chance to work in the army laboratory.
mv laboratory.
army.
as a
12. What were the factors which contributed to Ebright's development
s c i e n t i s t ?

Ans. eager learner. He had a bright mind, a lot of time, patience

Ebright was curious and an

to work hard. He was dedicated and devoted to his researches.

He was also
and the capacity scientist.
in his learning processes. All this led to his development as a
ssisted by his mother
ass
n e w theory of
.13. How did Ebrighe's research o n the monarch help him discover
the cells ?

Ans. Ebright theory of hormone-secreting gold spots of the monarch pupa

researched on his
the chemical structure of the
for many years. When he succeeded in getting X-ray photos of
of
hormone, it led to the discovery of the new theory of the cells that it c a n read the blueprint
the DNA which determines its form and function.
Q.14. Define DNA?

Ans. DNA is substance in the nucleus of a cell that controls

a heredity. It determines the
form and function of the cell. Thus it is the blueprint of life.
theory of cells attempt to prove ? Has it beena
Q.15. What does Ebright's new

verified ?
Ans. Ebright's new theory of cells attempts to answer how cells can 'read' the blueprint of its
DNA. Thus, it explains how cells get their shape and function. It is yet to be verified.
Q.16. How will Ebright's theory be 'a big step'?
Ans. Ebright's theory on the working of cells is a big step towards understanding the
processes of life. It might also lead to new ideas for preventing some types of cancer and other
diseases.
17. How did Ebright's research on the monarchs lead to his theory of cell life ?
Ans. Ebright started with researching the purpose of the gold spots on a monarch pupa. HHe
discovered that these produced a hormone. Then he proved that the absence of the hormone
Would make monarch a normal butterfly. He cultured these, identified hormone's chemical
structure. It led to his theory of cell life.
Q18. How did James R. Wong help Ebright ?
Ans James R. Wong was Ebright's college room-mate. He worked as an assistant to
Ans.
Dbright's. He helped him in drawing pictures, making models, constructing plastic models of
olecules and devices. He worked day and night and has been very helpful to Ebright's
throughout his research career.
 Q.19. What according to the author are the ingredients in the making of a scientist ?
Ans. According to the author, the ingredients in the making of a scientist a r e - a first rate
mind i.e., a bright mind, curiosity
to learn will to work hard and win, be the best
things, and
have the competitive spirit. Ebright had all these qualities. So, he became a scientist.
Q.20. Do you think Ebright is just a scientist ?
Ans. Ebright is not just a scientist. He is a champion debater and public speaker and a good
canoeist and an all-around outdoors person. He is also an expert photographer, particularly of
nature and scientific exhibits.
Q.21. What quality of Ebright impressed his social studies teacher ?
Ans. i s social studies teacher Mr Weiherer was impressed by Richard because he was very
committed to his work. He used to put in three or four hours at night, doing debate research
besides doing all his research on butterflies and pursuing his other interests. Moreover
Richard was not interested in winning just for winning's sake rather he wanted to be the best
for the right reasons.
Q.22. Do you think Richard was interested just in winning a prize for the sake of
it?
Ans. Richard was not interested just in winning for winning's sake or winning to get a prize.
Rather, he was winning because he wanted to do the best job he could. For the right reason, he
wanted to be the best.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions in about 100-120 words:
Q.1. How did Ebright's mother play a pivotal role in enabling him to become a
successful scientist ?
Ans. At the age of 22, H. Ebright surprised the scientific world with the publication of his
theory on how cells work. It was the first time a scientific journal had published the works of a
young scientist. All this could not have been possible without his mother's encouragement and
support. Ebright's mother was his first teacher. She was also his only childhood friend and
companion. She encouraged his interest in learning. She took him on trips, bought him
telescopes, microscopes, cameras, mounting materials, and other equipment that helped him in
his research on butterflies. Noticing his interst in butterflies she gifted him a Dr Urquhart's
book, "The Travels of Monarch X. It opened the world of science to the young collector. Ebright
for Dr Urquhart. Later, he sought suggestions and guidance
started tagging butterflies
projects from Dr Urquhart.
on his
 about 40-50 words:
Answer the following questions in
his work ?
Q.1. Why did the lawyer hate
s u m m o n s instead of preparing
legal briefs. He had to
Ans. The lawyer w a s made to deliver
e v e n beaten up by some of the
to the dirty and shadowy places and meet criminals. He w a s
go
bigger ones. So, he hated his work.
Q.2. What made the lawyer feel happy Why?
?
a country village. The lawyer
had a pleasant
Ans. The lawyer was sent to New Mullion,
and simple villagers. So, he felt happy to go there.
image of the village and its welcoming
life.
Besides, he took it as a break from the dirty city
about New Mullion ? How?
Q.3. What changed the lawyer's opinion
He disliked its muddy streets and ugly
Ans. The lawyer found New Mullion disappointing.
of the village before the
wooden shops. But Bill presented a nice, friendly and a positive picture
there.
lawyer. He started liking it. He even thought of settling
in his search of Lutkins ?
Q.4. Why did Bill offer to help the lawyer
Or
When did Bill come up with his plan to befool the lawyer?
lawyer when the lawyer told him that he had
Ans. Bill came up with the plan to befool the
was himself Oliver Lutkins he
decided to
come to serve s u m m o n s on Oliver Lutkins. Since Bill

take him for ride. He wanted to have some fun by

a tricking the lawyer into believing he was
Bill Magnuson. He also wanted to e a r n from him by taking him around New Mullion in search
of the evasive Lutkins
Q.5. Why did the lawyer like Bill Magnuson ?
 Or
What opinion of Bill did the lawyer form on his first visit to New Mullion ?
Ans. Bill appeared as a friendly, helpful and a welcoming person to the lawyer. Bill went out
of his way to help the lawyer. He took the charge of finding Lutkins on himself. He kept the
lawyer away from the aggressive villagers and Lutkins' mother. All this made him like Bill.
Q.6. Why was the lawyer not worried over his failure to find Lutkins ?
Ans. The lawyer did not like his work of serving summons like a cheap private detective. He
oreatly appreciated Bill's efforts of helping him find Lutkins. Bill also presented such a nice,

friendly and a positive picture of the village before the lawyer that he started liking it and even
thought of settling there. So, he wasn't much worried about his failure to find Lutkins.
Q.7. What was Bill's actual motive behind helping the lawyer ?
Ans. Bill wanted to know the lawyer's purpose of searching for Lutkins. He wanted to earm

money by making him wander in the he found him gullible so he took the
village. Besides,
also t
lawyer for a ride and enjoyed himself thoroughly at his expense. His actual motive was
send the lawyer back to the city without serving summons on him.
Q.8. Why did Lutkins befool the lawyer ? How?
Ans. Lutkins was a jolly-natured and a fun-loving person. He found the lawyer young
gullible, inexperienced and sick of the city life. So he befooled him by posing as Bill and making
fun of him in front of all the villagers as he approached them searching for himself.
manage to involve the viliagers in his game of befooling the
Q.9. How did Lutkins
lawyer ?
for
Ans. Lutkins was liked by all the villagers. When he approached them searching
to
himself, he kept the lawyer behind him. He must have made some suggestive gestures
themselves in
involve them in this game. Besides, the villagers were light-hearted and enjoyed
befooling the lawyer.
Q.10. Describe the lawyer's efforts to find Lutkins?
Or
Mullion.
Describe the day the lawyer spent in New
Mullion. He, accompanied by Bill, went from
Ans. The lawyer spent the whole day in New
to Lutkin's mother's farm. He had a peaceful
place to place, searching for Lutkins. He also went
lunch at Wade's Hill. He learnt a lot about the village and its people.
Lutkins ? How did he feel to find Lutkins the
Q.11. Why could the lawyer not find
next day?
Lutkins because Lutkins himself was accompanying him
Ans. The lawyer could not find
was befooling him with the support of the villagers. The next
everywhere as Bill Magnuson. He he discovered that Bill Magnuson was no other
ay he felt very hurt and embarrassed because
than Lutkins himself.
12. What hurt the lawyer in New Mullion and why?
next day. He was embarrassed,
truth about Lutkins the
Ans. The lawyer found out the
Lutkins and his mother were laughing at him a s if
s u m m o n s on Lutkins,
hen he was serving his stupidity, naivety and
hurt him because it exposed
ne were a small boy of seven. He felt
stock and that too by a simple villager.
in had made himself a laughing
experience. He
 (286)

Q.13. What can you say about the lawyer?

Or
Driver
The Hack ? Why/Why not ?
lawyer gullible in the story
Was the
Ans. The lawyer was young, simple
and inexperienced, but a gullible person on. L He was
His lack of confidence made hi
friendly and trusting so he followed Bill unquestioningly. him
him look for Lutkins. He never cross-checked Bill's informofi
readily accept Bill's offer to help ion
His over-trusting nature made him gullible.
and so was fooled by him easily.
taken for a ride by Lutkins ?
Q.14. How could the lawyer have avoided being
Ans. The lawyer could have avoided being befooled by Lutkins if he were a little carof.1
brave and thoughtful. He should have taken the lead in the search, and cross-checked ills
information. He should have been less trusting.
Q.15. Why did Lutkins pretend to be Bill Magnuson ? What does it show about
him ?
Ans. Lutkins pretended to be Bill Magnuson because he did not want to accept the summons
Moreover, he not only wanted to enjoy himself at the lawyer's expense but also take advantage
of his naivety and earn some easy money from him. He appears to be a simple, jolly-natured
and a fun-loving person but is also a clever trickster

LONG ANSWER QUESTION

Answer the following question in about 100-120 words:
Q. The lawyer had education, but lacked experience of life. What lesson did he
learn during his visit to New Mullion ?
Or
How did Oliver Lutkins fool the young
lawyer who had come to serve summons
on him ?
Ans. There is no doubt that
experience is a better teacher than getting a degree. The youns
lawyer, had graduated with honours but lacked experience. He was thus taken for a ride by a
simple villager, Oliver Lutkins. He was sent to serve summons on him
because his firm neeaeu
him as a witness in a case. When he reached New Mullion, he met a
who offered to find Oliver Lutkins for delivery man at the
staO
him. They pursued Lutkins but
behind him but never always they were
jubu
catching him. The lawyer was ultimately taken to Lutkins' house by him
But Bill and the
lawyer had to runaway from there because Lutkins' mother threatened m
with an iron rod. The u
lawyer had to return without serving summons. He was again
with a man who knew
Lutkins. At the station, they met Bill se
with Lutkins' mother laugnin with
him. However, he was totally embarrassed to learn that Bill
was no other than Oliver u
cins
himself. What
hurt him the most was that ILutkins and his mother were
a boy of
seven. He learnt the
lesson of life the hard laughed at him as " u *
way.