THE SECOND WORLD WAR TO THE SESQUICENTENARY 201 Chait, formally resolved to sponsor the publication of an offical ‘Emula- tion’ Ritual book. Some enquiry and preliminary work was done over the next two years; it was appreciated that agreement would be difficult to obtain over a number of basic points, and it was best to proceed slowly. Change of Fees and Times The year 1964 also gave the Committee some thought on the finances of the Lodge, for income was remaining static—or even going down—while costs were rising fast. It was decided to increase the Lodge dues from one shilling per attendance to two shillings; the earliest By-laws which have been found—those passed in 1857—have the weekly dues as one shilling and it is not known for how long before that date they had been at that figure, 50 that, although small, the increase in charges meant a departure from a very long-established practice. From about 1963 also the weekly attendances started to decline and several experiments were suggested to see if this could be halted. After a canvass of views among those who attended regularly had been taken, the starting time was changed for 1967 106.30; this was not as popular as was hoped and from 1968 the Lodge has met at 6.15, but this seems to have made litte difference to attendances. Committee Changes Again Bernard Wilson was taken ill the day before the Preceptors’ Festival in June 1966, and died within a fortnight. He had had a short illness the previous year, but apart from that he had been one of the most regular members for as long as those then attending could remember. His loss to the Lodge was more than that of a familiar face; his wisdom and kindly disposition meant a personal loss to each individual member. He had been extremely generous to the Lodge at different times, in offering to donate desired objects or to guarantee the cost, and he was equally generous in his will to the Emulation Fund which he had had such a part in forming. Norman Ouvry was appointed to the Committee in January 1967. Ritual Book In 1967 the first draft was produced of the proposed Emulation Ritual book. It was too much to expect a Committee to be able to deal with the detail, s0 the Secretary produced a working draft of the first Degree, and after preliminary discussion on principle this was referred to a sub- committee consisting of Hemming and Dyer. It took several months to get all the matters of principle—and indeed some of detail—worked out °202 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT for one Degree, but when that had been done the work on the other three Ceremonies proceeded through the sub-committee at a much greater speed so that, by the beginning of 1966, it was only a case of getting it into print and issued, which was just completed before the end of that year. Before the work was completed, EDWARD AYSHFORD CLUTTEN was taken ill and he died in 1968 at the age of seventy-cight. As has already been said in the notes on the 1950s, his tremendous energy and capacity for organisation had been a great help to ‘Emulation’ and had been un- stintingly placed at its disposal. Many Lodges of Instruction to whom he ‘was a regular visitor had cause to feel his loss. Clutten spent his business ‘Emulation’ in 1938 and, after working for his matchbox, he became Assistant Secretary in 1949 and a member of the Committee in 9st. He ‘was appointed Grand Standard Bearer in 1960. He had served in the Army in Egypt during the war and had taken active part in Masonry while there. He became a member of the Nile Valley Lodge No. 6306 and, when a regimental Lodge was proposed for his Corps, he became the first Master of it. He had also been first Master of the Croydon Lodge of Emulation when that was founded in Surrey in 1955 and he took an active part in Surrey Masonry also. More Changes of Officers In 1969, Hon Edward Baillieu was elected as Treasurer. ‘The Secretarial work, as always, was something of a problem, par- ticularly over the matter of storage of the considerable archives and possessions of the Lodge. John McDade, when he took them over, had kept them in his home, and this obviously caused him some discomfort. ‘When Harold Crawford had them, there was no problem in his early days, as he had a business and office of his own, but in the year before he died, when he was making plans to retire, he was attempting to turn a part of the Masonic Record office in Great Queen Street into a joint office for the London Grand Rank Association and ‘Emulation’, as he was Secretary of both. Before he had fully got this into operation, he died, although most of ‘“Emulation’s’ records had been transferred there. The office was taken over by the London Grand Rank Association and the records had to be moved again—temporarily to the new Secretary's office, and later, when, he left business, to his home, Such an arrangement made it very difficult THE SECOND WOR’ to share the work but, as at in 1968, with a formal div production of the Ritual 1 Celebrations and the incre Fridays on the precepting a5 a first step it was agreed amount with a view to t became the other Assistat Friday duties, he undertoo side. Shearman took over a dence with recognised Loc the Ritual Book and other paration of the Lodge hist Secretary (although the By in January 1970, Dyer ans with duties pretty well as attendance impossible afte 1973 Hayden M. Sharp w Secretaries For nearly 120 years the St who had first shown exce time the work was often uns of the Secretaries have bee cepting, many joining the succeeding Secretaries refle Some difficulty is noticed some signatures in the atter more successful—or more kept records of Charles Mi Kentish impresses and te ability. In compiling a worl the actual wording of minu and here the ability to work of such as Ernest Fi other cases it is frustrating without any reference to Secretary's work has chang what the Secretary made oTHE SECOND WORLD WAR TO THE SESQUICENTENARY 203 to share the work but, asa start, two Assistant Secretaries were appointed in 1968, with a formal division of labour. It was apparent that, with the production of the Ritual book, the approach of the 15oth Anniversary Celebrations and the increasing time which Colin Dyer was to spend on Fridays on the precepting bench, such a division was necessary, and as a first step it was agreed that John Shearman should take an increasing amount with a view to taking over. Douglas Kidd, a bank manager, became the other Assistant Secretary and, in addition to the normal Friday duties, he undertook the care of and accounting for all the money side, Shearman took over all normal administration, including correspon dence with recognised Lodges of Instruction, leaving Dyer to deal with the Ritual Book and other Ritual matters and queries, as well as the pre~ paration of the Lodge history. Shearman was soon appointed as Deputy Secretary (although the By-laws have no reference to such an office) and in January 1970, Dyer and Shearman were appointed Joint Secretaries with duties pretty well as outlined above. Douglas Kidd found regular attendance impossible after he had retired from work and in January 1973 Hayden M. Sharp was appointed Assistant Secretary. Secretaries For nearly 120 years the Secretary has been appointed from among those who had first shown exceptional proficiency in the Ritual—before that time the work was often undertaken by a very newly-joined member. Most of the Secretaries have been involved in Ritual matters and often in pre- cepting, many joining the Committee in this way. ‘The records kept by succeeding Secretaries reflect their personalities and attitude to the work Some difficulty is noticed through the whole of the time in deciphering some signatures in the attendance book and its noticeable that some were ‘more successful—or more meticulous—than others in this. The carefully kept records of Charles Murton stand out; the enormous detail of W. G. Kentish impresses and tells of his orderly mind and great organising ability. In compiling a work ofthis nature, there must be great reliance on the actual wording of minutes—particulaly those of Committee meetings —and here the ability to set down necessary detail is noticeable in the work of such as Ernest Franck and Harold Crawford. In a number of other cases it is frustrating to read that certain matters were approved, without any reference to the detail of the decision. The nature of the Secretary's work has changed, but in many cases it has been a question of what the Secretary made of the job.204. EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT InApril 1970, CLrrorp Josep Hemmuncdied. He had not been in full health for several years, but his death at the early age—for ‘Emulation’ Committeemen—of sixty-eight was a great blow. He was educated at the Leys School, Cambridge, and the Old Leysian No. 4520 was his Lodge. He joined ‘Emulation’ in 1935, and had worked there, and gained a matchbox, before the 1939-45 war, in which he served in the R.A.P. He continued to come on Fridays after the war, and became a member of the ‘Committee in r95t. He was a good Committeeman and, before his health started to fail, was very energetic in visiting. He was essentially a practical ‘man and Mason with a passion for exactitude which rendered him especially valuable to ‘Emulation’. Because of this he had a slight reputa~ tion for not suffering fools gladly, but he was a man of a sympathetic and patient nature and in his later days he did tremendous work on the sub- committee which formulated the Emulation Ritual, the style of which ‘owes much to his singleness of purpose. He was appointed Assistant Grand Director of Ceremonies in 1957 and was promoted P.7.G.D. in 1967. Hemming was for some years a member of the Board of General Purposes and had just been elected to serve as Vice-President for a year when he died. It was fitting that, when paying a tribute to him in Grand Lodge, the President should make reference to him as ‘a Mason of quite outstanding integrity’ ‘Throughout its history, ‘Emulation’ has been fortunate, not only in the character of its Tylers, but also in the few changes it has been necessary to make. John Freeman, who had succeeded Henry Sadler (probably the third Tyler of the Lodge) in the 1880s, died in 1910, when W. T. Ashfield took on the office. In the 1920s Ashfield took as his assistant F. C. Dow- sett, who, in the tradition of earlier ‘Emulation’ ‘Tylers, had taken part in the work of the Lodge, and in 1937, Ashfield having given up on account of advancing years, Dowsett was appointed Tyler. He continued in the office until in his turn he had to give up on account of age; after the war, there had been some difficulty in finding a suitable permanent assistant to him until William Pearl, the telephonist at Freemasons’ Hall, agreed to do the work, so that in due time, in 1959, he succeeded Dowsett. It had for a Jong time been the rule that employees at Freemasons? Hall were not per~ mitted to accept office as Tyler, but the relaxation of that edict produced not only Pearl, but later, on Pearl’s death in 1970, William Bunce, the Assistant to the Grand ‘Tyler, the present Tyler, as well as Robert Scott, the assistant Tyler, who is employed in Grand Lodge Library Business interests interfered with RONALD BLow’s work on the ‘THE SECOND WOR (Committee in the Autumn live in Jersey. He joined Birmingham, in the Lodge Province of Warwickshire Lodge No. 3846. He joine regret that the Committee on Fridays the Committee and therefore appointed J. a precepting member of tk The 1973 Committee, Latham Baillieu, Grand D Oskar Cart Kase: Mary’s Lodge No. 63 and o tant Secretary 1940, appoit His Honour Judge ALA Leysian Lodge No. 4520 ‘Emulation’ 1947, appoint CoLin FRevericx V Sydenham Lodge No. 274 Assistant Secretary and Se Henry Joun Bruce Lodge No. 7131; joined ‘E Norman DELAMAaIn burian Lodge No. 3533 anc 1951, appointed to Commi Joun Dante. Has technic Lodge No. 3680; 1967, Joint Secretary 1970 Records of the Officers of the members, are inclu Asone looks back on one and meeting, the Lodge se over this time except in o work the Lectures to impr world where it was not yet Degrees. Although there w taught the work while taki Proficient in Lodge work bTHE SECOND WORLD WAR TO THE SESQUICENTENARY 205 Committee in the Autumn of 197 and, in 1972, he was required to go to live in Jersey. He joined ‘Emulation’ in 1949 having been initiated Birmingham, in the Lodge of Integrity No. 4563. He is P.S.G.D. in the Province of Warwickshire and also belongs to the London Warwickshire Lodge No. 3846. He joined the Committee in 1965 and it was with some regret that the Committee lost his services. With a decreasing attendance on Fridays the Committee were reluctant to increase their own number and therefore appointed J. D. H. Shearman, the joint Secretary, also to be a precepting member of the Committee. ‘The 1973 Committee, in addition to the Treasurer, Hon, Edward Latham Baillieu, Grand Director of Ceremonies, is Oskar Cart KLAcce, P.7.G.D., of Norbury Lodge No. 4046, St. ‘Mary's Lodge No. 63 and other Lodges; joined ‘Emulation’ in 1933, Assis- cretary 1940, appointed to Committee 1942, Senior Member 1966, His Honour Judge ALAN Stewart TRAPNELL, P.7.G.D., of Old Leysian Lodge No. 4520 and Western Circuit Lodge No. 3154; joined ‘Emulation’ 1947, appointed to Commitee 1958. Couin Freperick WALTER Dyer, P.AG.D.C, P.GStwd, of Sydenham Lodge No. 2744, and other Lodges; joined ‘Emulation’ 1956, Assistant Secretary and Secretary 1963, Precepting Committee 1965, Henry Joun Bruce Essex, P.Dep.G.Swid.B. (Surrey), of Tessera Lodge No. 7131; joined ‘Emulation’ 194, appointed to Committee 1965. Norman DELAMaIn Ouvry, P.S.G.D., P.G.Stwd., of Old Mari. burian Lodge No. 3533 and Old Union Lodge No. 46; joined ‘Emulation’ 1951, appointed to Committee 1967. Jou Dante, Hamitton SHEARMAN of South Western Poly- technic Lodge No. 3680; joined ‘Emulation’ 1956, Assistant Secretary 1967, Joint Secretary 1970, appointed to Precepting Committee 1972. Records of the Officers and Festivals, and of the principal attendances of the members, are included in the Appendix, Chapter XIV. As one looks back on one hundred and fifty years of continuous existence and meeting, the Lodge seems to have changed its character completely over this time except in one respect. When it started, its object was to work the Lectures to improve the status of Master Masons in a Masonic World where it was not yet automatic for every initiate to take the three Degrees. Although there were leaders, they did not sit as Preceptors, but taught the work while taking part in it, that those present might become Proficient in Lodge work by learning it through the Lectures. The work206 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT was teaching and training by taking part, rather than by demonstration, and there was no formal involvement with other bodies. Any suggestion of printing the Ritual would have been most gravely dealt with. Today, the Friday demonstration is but the outward sign of Emulation’, for it is only avery small part of the work thatit does. It is no longer demonstrating and teaching the only form of Ritual in use, for it now is one of many equally acceptable forms of Ritual procedure—all with the same basic pattern, but some very different in form, although Emulation Working is till, in its pure and in sundry slightly adulterated versions, that which is most used and best known. the use of detailed books of Ritual seems to have taken the place temporarily of the comradeship of the Lodge of Instruction, but, as was so in the 1860s, falling numbers may prove to be a passing phase. What- ever happens, ‘Emulation’ will continue, for the times have shown an even greater need for the point of reference it provides, and for the work it does. Ie will continue to demonstrate the Ceremonies for as long as this is wanted and will also keep up the working of the Lecture Sections which are so seldom heard these days and which hold so much of Masonic History. Above all, it will continue in the belief that deliberate Ritual change is the prerogative of Grand Lodge, where the full forms were approved in 1816, and will strive to maintain its present system, so far as is humanly possible, without change by inadvertence. ‘The last two Festivals—1971 and 1972—were both affected by labour disputes, that in 1971 being severely hampered by the postal strike, while that in 1972 was affected, certainly as regards attendance, by the power cuts following the coal strike, and a cold meal was arranged so that there would be no interference with cooking. This book is, of necessity, finished before the completion of our 150 years, but we look forward to true celebration on 15 May 1973 with a Festival worthy of the occasion. XII. SUNDRY Tracing Boards Although technically rega settlement of precise wor settled at the time of the I of Lectures on the symboli the Tracing Boards. Tha included in the Initiation the fact that, with the C become inordinately long, similar in form tothe expla Lodges include in the Pas third Degree Board, in mos ditional History, is probabl today. Although the Lodge to be given, they broke up t including approval of desig indeed there never have be As a consequence of this, items of furniture for a Lt ‘Headquarters’. When the illustration was placed on sidered the proper place for Lodges meeting in rooms made them impractical for tions made from rude wooc Bowring were expensive an and the miniature Boards answer to the portability ar John Harris, an artist an very crude illustration and in 1820, and published mir received, although the desi particular merit. He made Sate ina letter from Philip B Lovie of Proity No, 6x at Half # Seca letter fom John HartsXII. SUNDRY ANCILLARY MATTERS Tracing Boards Although technically regarded as Lectures rather than Ritual, so far as settlement of precise wording was concerned, the forms of procedure settled at the time of the Lodge of Reconciliation envisaged the inclusion of Lectures on the symbolism of the Lodge Boards of the three Degrees— the Tracing Boards. That of the first Degree is nowadays not often included in the Initiation Ceremony, probably because of its length and the fact that, with the Charge after Initiation, the Ceremony would become inordinately long. It is sometimes rendered as a separate lecture. similar in form to the explanation of the second Degree Board, which many Lodges include in the Passing Ceremony. The short explanation of the third Degree Board, in most Workings following straight on from the ‘Tra ditional History, is probably that which is most frequently given in Lodges today. Although the Lodge of Reconciliation intended these explanations to be given, they broke up before completing their work, which they saw as including approval of designs for Lodge Boards," so that there were not, indeed there never have been, offcial designs for Lodge Tracing Boards. [As a consequence of this, Lodge Boards were not supplied as normal items of furniture for a Lodge, even for those meeting in the rooms at Headquarters’. When the Tracing Boards were explained, some portable illustration was placed on the floor of the Lodge, which was then con sidered the proper place for the Boards. Large Boards were made, but with Lodges meeting in rooms in taverns the problem of storage would have made them impractical for the majority. Peter Gilkes often used illustra tions made from rude woodcuts? the delightful boards painted by Josiah Bowring were expensive and were individually produced for each Lodge, and the miniature Boards which he painted were an attempt to find an answer to the portability and storage problem. John Harris, an artist and engraver, saw Peter Gilkes working with a yery crude illustration and tried to find a solution. He produced designs in 1820, and published miniature coloured engravings. ‘These were well received, although the designs were copies of much earlier boards of no particular merit. He made new designs about 1825 and, in advertising Sate ina leer from Philip Broafoot, a member of the Lodge of Reconciliation, to the Lovie of Probity No, 6x at Half and quoted in te Hisry Sec letter fom John Harris published in the Freemazrs’ Magasine, 25 July 1863, p58208 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT them over the next twenty years, he dedicated them to the Grand Master and claimed his sanction. They were coloured lithographs, all three on one sheet in the same way and of the same size as those he had done in 18:20. These miniatures were of an overall size about twenty inches by eleven inches so as to be portable, and could be taken out, folded and displayed when an explanation was given, If large boards were required they were individually made and about six feet by three feet in size ‘Emulation’ invited designs for a set of large boards in 1845, and this competition was won by John Harris. The designs originally submitted by Harris were based on his carlicr boards but were altered at the Com- mittee’s suggestion, during the actual painting. The only major change in design from his 1825 Boards was in that of the second Degree which in the 1845 set had views of two Temple entrances. Comparison between the original designs, as approved by the Committee on 16 May 1845,? shows that, in the first Degree Board, the differences are very small—mainly the ‘Temple plan on the tracing board and the implements on it. In the second Degree Board, the only real change is the introduction of a human figure— presumably to give proportion. The third Degree Board remains the same basically, but with considerable re-arrangement of detail, and with the introduction of Hebrew lettering on the scroll ‘The ‘Emulation’ boards were lent to Grand Lodge in May 1873 for the purpose of copying so thatitis likely that no Tracing Boards were supplied in the new Freemasons’ Hall premises, partly taken into use from 1865 although not completed until 1870, until the later months of 1873. When the new Masonic Peace Memorial building was opened in the 1930s and the architects of the new hall were commissioned to produce a new design on a simplified basis which would be more suitable for reproduction, no specific brief was given other than to produce a design to meet these points, so that even though the Tracing Boards now have some official acknowledgement as Lodge furniture, the design of those in use at Free~ masons’ Hall was still a matter for the artist concerned. The architects were H. V. Ashley and Winton Newman, whose present senior partner, Hubert Bull, P.7.G.D., was with the firm when the hall was being built, and who kindly supplied information on this matter. They Laurence A. Turner, designer and sculptor, over the design at present in use, Although the three ‘Emulation’ Lodge Boards had been periodically See advertisement on page 67. 2 See Sailers Ilustrated History of Emalaton Lodge of Improcement, acing pp. 46, #8and goTHIRD DEGREEgayoaa aNoo3sSUNDRY ANCILLARY MATTERS 209 cleaned and restored from the 1860s on, early in 1957 they were found to be in need of major repair and overhaul. This work was entrusted to Frederick B. Daniel & Son of London, who were asked to give some detail of what they found of the original work. They reported as follows: ‘The three ‘Harris Boards’ are painted on mahogany about 4” thick. When we received them they were found to be badly split, although they were glued and serewed (in each case over 300 screws were used) to mahogany panelling. ‘The painting of the pictures took place after the 4” mahogany boards had been secured to the panelling: this is proved by the fact that the screws were countersunk, the heads stopped in and painted over when the pictures were executed. We removed the screws from the mahogany boards and when we separated the painted mahogany board from the panelling atthe backs of them, the painted boards were found to be split almost from top to bottom in two of three places. ‘We had special plyboards made and this work was supervised by Mr. J. W. Spray, of the Reliable Plywood Company, who was introduced to us by Messrs. Gabriel, Wade and English Ltd. Mr Spray took a great personal interest in the matter of these plyboards, and had very careflly selected and evenly balanced materials used, which were 4” Gaboon Tego Bonded Plywood, backed with Sapele for polishing. We had the mahogany boards of the paintings securely fixed to these plywood boards and the paintings were then cleaned of the accumulation of old varnish, etc, of many years. The cracks were then carefully filed in and stippled with colour to match the adjoining paint, and the screw-holes were treated in the ‘The pictures were then carefully varnished. This varnish will most probably sink into the places where repairs have been made, and it will in this case be necessary for us to varnish the pictures again in about a year's time, ‘The Tracing Boards were returned to regular use in the Lodge at the ‘opening meeting of the winter session on 4 October 1957. In the September 1848 issue of the Freemasons? Quarterly Review an interesting note appeared which gives a description of the features of twoof Harris's Boards. The Boards described in the advertisement were a slightly different design and made three years later for commercial exploitation, although based on his work for ‘Emulation’, so that the description given applies very largely to them. The third Degree Board is not dealt with, but the relevant part of a note which appeared in the Summons for 1 May 1970 meeting of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, No. 2076 reads: ‘There have been numerous enquiries recently as to the meaning of the "cluded by hind permission ofthe Lodge,EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT Literary Notices. 359 Bee, Hannufs New Tracing Beards, MR Speer, Landen, "ad toma known to he Cr the probable appenans of insrtion ofthe Three Cah Deore of Prcousery. "We Sehended hom the leathof time that assayed ne Bro rea ut for propecia of tir paicnon, tht be hed given pe Eh. "The delay fas ren cxused‘by angola es,” We tae act Woes for dhe Pr fa Setona Degrt, and ta ate {hat eee as wery great improve upon Ws fre sgn: which He br ttre ne wor for Marty oor So we swore sancuoned by our fate asioas Grad. Sisley, the Duke of Sizer, t whom’ they wore deieied by spec’ pemiaion, In etre, perdcalaly Masters of Laie nd Lote of ocracion, tee beng abt 1 by 9} fc, ch hs cobra {gee tech ‘eublam shel faces fa te (compared With ie St sido) se wil cai Mann of Laigey of any oer, dering them, to flat eat ex far, and pl wiles, ees shen pide onthe oro loge, tnt grey neresing the ne Santas lodges nua in ponent the lle tacng berth tite Great Pry (Oh one a the foepoas rng eor 12 acen in"beigh, ihr bane enanrey ey are dn here ttc cay, age mrmouatel wi the nes of the Ring Sa ‘on, Hiram, a Hi te Dade, od arc emblgmazl of Winer, at and Deauty. ‘The get ikon tat of te Spare ot Fait Hopes aod Chir, ith engls ening aod Sxceniing nn Visio o Jace ar "The perfec ber or eae one verte Dapenlel bye wine ogre pl seeped Et es the Grater foandatin-soner of baling Se. The rough as eatin the trea beed on the ot the ple Se. here a grat alteration i, Bro Haris having given grenterconsteney to-ie dividing the same ino two Vewe—abe, te" approach to the lite chamber he eter, to the temple ell” The former is Fepettion of hi orginal design, much eavichel i decoration, &y Ba eoiting gre pleat the entrance. Th the soond I Tosrsio, be har gives 2 prund view of the entrancesporch, wih th two plas, and te coare of the wmple with ira of ince and the fem exndletich, of seven branches’ cach tn tersinating “with {he val before te aly of Her, forming shageter s mont bested fd elaborate pista,” The ornaments sida being cleat and ‘Tincs pertcdry a othe two seree The plat a bom drawn teva cle of menaurrest an given in Holy Wey and bythe itr ‘ution of the figures nthe foregoand (siz, King Sclowen and Bei of Satay sn ran Sh ur al pat te Com), finstration for the Seoond Degree it well ealeiated fr desertion, sui will grendy tanat the afason in the coum of the lcures of ‘Bis dogs "The third o M3 board we ave nota yet sen, Dut Stolen it will be evied out with th anne Gaps of mprore- ‘ment ad permpicaty a dotal ana been done fr the tee now Teed” We loys on te cole ofthe sy that Dre Hain snl ee wid endoarageinent from the Graft at arg for his psi Taking and nity inthe production of thew very spend designs t's Three Degras of Crt Freemasonry suND Hebrew inscriptions to be some of them doubtless ar lished ‘Emulation’ ritual. T be described briefly as a se are invariably rolled up so remain visible. They are ge struct the whole text, ‘The Emulation inscriptior as follows, but it should be (At right of scroll) (At left foot of scroll) ‘The substantial change change of thinking which structure of King Solom which is believed to have r hham in 1848, the arrange Board is different from the his views on certain Bib) tracing board design seen were introduced about thi The Printed Word Certainly since the establi over two hundred and fifty ritual form in the making went by the Ceremonies 1 ‘The question of learning 1 problem to many Brethret particular, any printed boc to customary use, was likel to take a full part. As pu Masonic Authority, those t published to betray the see handbook. Richard Carlile publishe in 1825 purporting to giSUNDRY ANCILLARY MATTERS au Hebrew inscriptions to be found on several versions of the 3° ‘Tracing Board, some of them doubtless arising from the excellent picture in the newly-pub- lished ‘Emulation’ ritual. There are several versions of that design, which may be described briefly as a scroll arranged across a coffin. The ends of the scroll are invariably rolled up so that only fragmentary portions of the inscriptions remain visible. They are generally sufficient, however, to enable us to recon- struct the whole text The Emulation inscription [is in excellent Hebrew and] may be reconstructed 8s follows, but it should be noted that only the words in italics are visible: — (At right of seroll) The Temple of Jerusalem was built by Solomon King of Jsrael, Hiram King of Tyre and Hiram Abi(f) in the year 2992 (At left foot of scroll) In the year 3 thousands Phe substantial change in the second Degree Board seems to reflect the change of thinking which was taking place at that time on the design and structure of King Solomon's Temple. In the manuscript Ritual book which is believed to have resulted from William Honey’s visit to Birming- hham in 1848, the arrangement of the explanation of the second Degree Board is different from that in use today. S. B. Wilson was well known for his views on certain Biblical aspects of the Ritual and the change in tracing board design seems to fit the alterations in the Lecture which were introduced about this time. The Printed Word Certainly since the establishment of Freemasonry under a Grand Lodge ver two hundred and fifty years ago, there has been some ceremonial and ritual form in the making and progressing of Masons, and as the years went by the Ceremonies tended to become longer and more numerous. ‘The question of learning this work always has been, and stil is, a major problem to many Brethren. As a consequence any form of ‘crib’, and, in particular, any printed book, which could be shown to be reasonably close to customary use, was likely to find a ready sale to the Mason who wished to take a full part. As publications of this nature were frowned on by Masonic Authority, those books termed ‘Exposures’, which were originally Published to betray the secrets of the Craft, tended to become the officer's handbook. Richard Carlile published a series of articles in his paper, The Republican, in 1825 purporting to give the whole of the new post-Union Degree212 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT Ceremonies. This publication itself probably had litte lasting effect, but in 1831 Carlile published a Manual of Freemasonry, based on his collected articles. This Exposure went into many editions—probably because it provided an aide-memoire in the days when putting Masonry into print even semi-offcally was absolutely forbidden. George Claret in 1838 published a book containing, substantially, the Ritual ofthe three Degrees although the Ceremonies were not arranged in ‘complete sequence as is done today. In his advertisement for this book, (Claret claims that the ceremonies were ‘as taught by the late Peter Gilkes* —in other words, they purport to be the work as at ‘Emulation’. He does ‘make comment that he has left out some of the additions which he claims Gilkes made, and also has a footnote that in a particular place, ‘S. B. Wilson does it in a different way’, so that the book probably reflect slightly different working of the Ritual from that found at ‘Emu The probability is that there was also some embroidery by Claret from other sources—he says as much in connection with some of his work. In 1851 there appeared a book in a new style ‘Published for the C pilers and sold by George Bradshaw & Co., 33 St. Swithin’s Lane, London’. (They had previously offered a Ritual book for sale in 1847.) No trace can be found of Bradshaw in any trade or commercial directory ofthe period and the address given was that of a Public House. A second edition appeared in 1853 with a publisher's name of John Allan and he cannot be traced either. These were probably names and addresses to cover the identity of the compilers because of the strict rule on publication. The Bradshaw books were later reproduced from the same type in what ap- pears to be a private edition, for it contains no date and no publisher's or printer’s name. This private edition appears to have circulated in the 1860s and a title page was added claiming that it gave the Whole of the Lodge Ceremonies and Lectures in Craft Masonry as tought by the late P. Gilkes The Perfect Ceremonies of Craft Masonry ...as taught in the Union’s Emulation Lodge of Improvement for M.Ms appeared about the end of 1870, published by ‘A Lewis’. The book contained only the three Degree Ceremonies and the wording is almost precisely that of the 1860s version of Bradshaw; Bradshaw also included only the Degree Ceremonies Although the implication is that this book gave the work as ‘Emulation’ demonstrated it, it differed in several respects from the Emulation Work- ing and ‘Emulation’ certainly had no part in its production. Several editions were issued in the next fifteen years, including some in the ‘vest suND pocket’ size, The editior ‘Emulation’ and it conti circulation for those who: until it ceased publication ‘The original publicatiot smith, but by 1874 the pu 15A Paternoster Row, and Hogg, James Hogg the el from Edinburgh to Lond Publishers, 9 St. Bride’s address until 1867 and ra Churchmans Family Mag James. After a short perioe by the end of 1868 at 14 younger was running the entry for John Hogg appx 1868 John Hogg of 14 Yor! ‘This Lodge had been ones Instruction but it is not f Several oftheir members ¢ ‘on many occasions, and Jc member—on 4 Novembe: April 187r and as far as is life, After 1872 the Hogg Directories. In 1874 John Paternoster Row, Le Masonic works from this carly 1880s. James went hi From the similarity bet Ceremonies it is likely tha acquired the Bradshaw cc editions which seem to dat. a London firm, James Hog tion with the original Brad burgh all his life and in 18, John Hogg is concerned in an opportunist, and the ‘I ‘monies need have been no n ‘mention of Peter Gilkes inSUNDRY ANCILLARY MATTERS 213 pocket” size. The edition published in 1898 was very much closer to ‘Emulation’ and it continued a very popular book with a world-wide circulation for those whose Working was ‘Emulation’, or based upon it, it ceased publication in 1970, ‘The original publication was from 2 Raven Villas, New Road, Hammer- smith, but by 1874 the publisher was giving an alternative City address at 15A Paternoster Row, and was shown to be John Hogg 8 Co. The firm of Hogg, James Hogg the elder with his two sons, James and John, moved from Edinburgh to London in 1858 setting up as James Hogg & Son, publishers, 9 St. Bride’s Avenue, Fleet Street. They continued at this address until 1867 and ran the London Society Monthly Magazine and (Churchmans Family Magazine, which were the province of the younger James, After a short period in Cursitor Street, the firm was re-established by the end of 1868 at 14 York Street, Covent Garden, James Hogg the younger was running the magazines from 217 Piccadilly while a separate entry for John Hogg appears at the 14 York Street address. In August 1868 John Hogg of 14 York Strect was initiated in the Oak Lodge No. 190. This Lodge had been one of the early supporters of the Stability Lodge of Instruction but it is not possible to say how they worked in the 1860s. Several of their members came to ‘Emulation’ about this time, though not on many occasions, and John Hogg himself paid one visit and became a member—on 4 November 1870. He resigned from the Oak Lodge in April 1871 and as far as is known remained unattached for the rest of his life, After 1872 the Hogg businesses disappeared from the Comu Directories, In 1874 John Hogg, trading as John Hogg & Co. appears at 135A Paternoster Row, London. He was very active as a publisher of Masonic works from this address, which changed to number 13 in the carly 1880s. James went his separate way as a publisher and editor. From the similarity between Bradshaw's publication and the Perfe Ceremonies it is likely that James Hogg & Co. or John Hogg hims acquired the Bradshaw connection, particularly in view of the private editions which seem to date from just after the Hogg name first appears as a London firm, James Hogg the elder could even have had some connec- tion with the original Bradshaw printing for he was in the trade in Edin burgh all his life and in 1845 had first edited Hoge’s Jastructor. So far as John Hogg is concerned in later days, records of transactions show him as an opportunist, and the ‘Emulation’ label he gave to the Perfect Cere- ‘monies need have been no more than a selling point in the same way as the ‘mention of Peter Gilkes in connection with the earlier work. In any case214 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT no action was taken by the Masonic authorities about this or similar pub- lications at the time and the way became open for the spate of Ritual books which appeared in the next thirty years. In 1896, Godfrey James Hogg became a member of ‘Emulation’ and attended on several occasions, making a number of friends among the regular attenders. He was the son of John Hogg (4 Lewis) and had just previously been initiated in the United Northern Counties Lodge. His membership and attendance at ‘Emulation’ account for the revisions which brought the 1898 edition of The Perfect Ceremonies very much closer to Emulation working. He succeeded to the ownership of the business on the death of his father about 1909, and ran it until he died in 1923, when it passed into the ownership of his widow In spite of this general acceptance by the Craft and the tacit acceptance by Authority that such books had come to stay, the ‘Emulation’ Committee still took the view that they could give no cognisance to a printed Ritual book. In the early 1920s George Rankin was approached by the Masonic Record to discuss terms for the printing of the ‘Emulation’ Ritual; he replied that he ‘had been approached by two publishers with a like offer and he had only one answer to give. For a century the authentic ritual could be obtained only by attendance at the weekly meetings of E.LL. and the present senior member could not be persuaded to betray his trust as guardian of that Ritual by any terms that any publisher could offer him.’ Later Rankin made an informal comment about the way a part of a book was arranged; the publishers acted on this and wrote to thank him for the suggestion. The reply, from the Secretary of ‘Emulation’ was very curt and ‘stuffy’, and to the effect that ‘Emulation’ and George Rankin wanted no truck with them and that legal action would follow any suggestion that he had given any help. H. F. Inman, who was for a short time a member of the Committee, gave assistance in the 1930s in render- ing the Perf edition published in 1935. In 1936, H. C. Tasker, a member of the Committee of Emulation Lodge of Improvement went on a tour of Nigeria at the invitation of the District Grand Master and did a great deal of Masonic visiting and demonstration. Notes were taken of the explanations and demonstrations given, resulting in the publication of a Ritual book, intended originally for use in the District of Nigeria, which District had particular problems over Lodges of Instruction and rehearsal. The book set out the Cere- monies with much greater assistance to the Lodge officer than had ever ct Ceremonies book more exactly to ‘Emulation’ practice for an SUND) before been given in any ‘A Lewis? and it appeare because of its nature and general and not restricted 2 popularity comparable ¥ In 1965, the Lodge of bodies, had been called © made to the Ritual, as a Obligations, following the This involved the ‘Emulat word; they decided also th Brethren did not use a pr cemed about the use of th Ritual book) which was 1 Working. They decided th out under their own aus; Masonic Ceremonies. Thi asecond printing was mac The Emulation Ritual was Lewis (Masonic Publishe remained in the hands of ¢ established. The present p fifty years and, in the 192 behalf of his mother (God Emulation Fund When the Committee we amount of secretarial work tw set up a Fund with the office accommodation and Committee that ifa fund w it was used for this purpo effect of the fund would b for the future. According! ton’ contributed between hands of Trustees. These Gallins, J. Ernest Franck, J.V. Rankin, Frank W. Si all of them very well-est:SUNDRY ANCILLARY MATTERS 215 before been given in any such book. The publishing was entrusted to ‘A Lewis? and it appeared in 1939. The book attracted some attention because of its nature and after the war of 1939-45 the sale of it bec general and not restricted to Nigeria. In a very short time it was enjoying «popularity comparable with that of the Perfect. In 1965, the Lodge of Improvement, in common with other teaching bodies, had been called on to suggest consequential adjustments to be made to the Ritual, as a result of permissive variations allowed in the Obligations, following the decision in Grand Lodge in December 1964. ‘This involved the ‘Emulation’ Committee in consideration of the printed word; they decided also that they could no longer take an official view that Brethren did not use a printed book. They were further becoming con- cerned about the use of the expression ‘Nigerian Ritual’ (arising from the Ritual book) which was becoming common to describe the Emulation Working. They decided that they would sponsor a book which would set out under their own auspices the ‘Emulation’ Ritual for working the Masonic Ceremonies. ‘This book made its appearance at the end of 1969; a second printing was made in 1970 and a third published early in 1972. The Emulation Ritual was also published by A Lewis, now known as A. Lewis (Masonic Publishers) Ltd. The ownership of the business has remained in the hands of connections of the Hogg family ever since it was established. The present proprietor has been connected with it for nearly fifty years and, in the 1920s after Godfrey Hogg’s death, managed it on behalf of his mother (Godfrey Hogg’s widow), Emulation Fund When the Committee were considering in 1932 the question of the amount of secretarial work involved in running the Lodge, they resolved to set up a Fund with the primary object of helping with the provision of office accommodation and clerical assistance. It was appreciated by the Committee that if a fund were to be built up so that only the income from it was used for this purpose, it would take a number of years before the effect of the fund would be felt, but they were longsighted and building for the future. Accordingly, to start the fund, nine members of ‘Emula~ tion’ contributed between them one hundred pounds and put it in the hands of Trustees. These nine were Charles W. Braine, Algernon L. Collins, J. Ernest Franck, Sydney A. Knaggs, E. J. M. Owens, George J.V. Rankin, Frank W. Simmonds, A. S. Wilson and A. Bernard Wilson, all of them very well-established members of the Lodge. With three216 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT solicitors among these Founders the Trust was formally established under a legally-constituted Trust Deed, and the four original Trustees were Sir Philip Colville Smith, the Treasurer of the Lodge, George Rankin, Sydney Knaggs and Bernard Wilson. Although the fund was intended to assist in a particular part of the expenses of the Lodge, the job of the Trustees as to laying out the income was made quite simple—it was to be paid over for the general purposes of the Lodge work, so that from the start it merely formed an additional source of income to the Lodge, although the capital sum could not be touched. Although the fund has been well publicised ever since it was set up, no formal appeal has ever been made for it, but from the start small donations began to be received, which, with some more substantial gifts, meant that by the outbreak of war in 1939 the fund had risen to one thousand pounds. The main fund was invested at intervals in Government Securities, the small accumulating balance being kept in a Building Society; this policy is still followed by the continuing Trustees. After the deaths of Sir Colville Smith and George Rankin, Oskar Klagge and Stuart Webb were added as ‘Trustees, and on the deaths of Sydney Knaggs and Bernard Wilson, Clifford Hemming, Alan Trapnell and Colin Dyer replaced them; the present Trustees are, therefore, Oskar Carl Klagge, William Stuart Webb, Alan Stewart Trapnell and Colin Frederick Walter Dycr. he total amount subscribed to the fund is now well over £6,000 and, ddition to the substantial gifts set out below, the Trustees are very grateful for the continued support given to the fund by individual mem- bers and especially by Lodges of Instruction, many of whom have made a point of making regular donations. Many members have been good enough to remember the fund when making their wills, and the following legacies have been received in this way: £ £ F, Barnett Adams 5 FM. Kidd 100 Mrs. Marion Braine S.A. Knagys 500 (widow of C. W. Braine) 1147 G. Melville Clark T00 ‘Samuel Chalkley roo Stuart P, Larkworthy 50 E. A. Cluteen 100 George J. V. Rankin 100 SJ. Entwisle 50 S.T. Wild 35 J. Emest Franck 2 A Bernard Wilson 1000, ALL. Gry 100 In addition, many gifts have been made to the fund to commemorate the work of a deceased member and notable gifts in this category include those made in memory of: SUNDR G. Melville Clark HG. Dunn HE, Franck W.H, Herbert S.A.Knaggs &H.J.( TT J. Norman while the Lodge of Honor ¢ service of J. Howard Thor Diamond jubilee in the Le the second in 1959 after his ‘of membership, both in thx The Sudlow Silver M A silver matchbox, of Vict seventy-five years, been pre Chair ona Friday evening d ment, worked, without beit the four Ceremonies—the t Installation. The matchbox Ceremony so worked. Wher on a subsequent occasion box, the additional Ceremo has so completed all four o plete record’ is also engrave: October 1897, Major Rich Emulation No. 21, who had March 1889, worked the C according to Robert Clay $ who was in charge of the p: occasions on which the full not being explained on this sidered this a most meritori sift to Major Badham as a him some weeks later to a Sudlow also made a practic subsequent years to other standing merit. This was en Sudlow was concerned and was the engraving of futur PeSUNDRY ANCILLARY MATTERS 217 £ £ G. Melville Clack 106 George J. V. Rankin 200 1.6. Duna 8 FJ. Tomlins 35 HE. Franck 26 FW. Ward 100 W. H. Herbert 42 A.Bemard Wilson 250 S.A. Knaggs&H.J.Crawford 300A. S. Wilson 50 T. J. Norman 00 the Lodge of Honor and Generosity made two gifts in respect of the ice of J. Howard Thompson—the first in 1947 to commemorate his nond Jubilee in the Lodge and his Golden Jubilee as Treasurer, and tecond in 1959 after his death, to commemorate his seventy-five years tembership, both in the sum of fifty guineas. + Sudlow Silver Matchbox Iver matchbox, of Victorian design, for vesta-type matches has, for ity-five years, been presented to brethren who, in a Ceremony in the iron Friday evening demonstration at Emulation Lodge of Improve- #, worked, without being in need of prompting or correction, one of jour Ceremonies—the three Degree Ceremonies and the Ceremony of Allation. The matchbox has engraved on ita record of the year and the mony so worked. When the same Brother works a different Ceremony subsequent occasion which would otherwise entitle him to a match- the additional Ceremony is recorded on his matchbox and when he 0 completed all four of the Ceremonies, the fact that he has a ‘com= cord? is also engraved. This custom arose by accident for, on the 22, ber 1897, Major Richard Leslie Stowell Badham of the Lodge of Alation No. 21, who had joined the Lodge of Improvement on the 29 {th 1889, worked the Ceremony of Passing in an exemplary manner feding to Robert Clay Sudlow, the Senior Member of the Committee was in charge of the proceedings on that evening. It was one of the Sions on which the full Ceremony was not worked, the Tracing Board being explained on this occasion. Robert Clay Sudlow, however, con fed this a most meritorious performance and wished to make a small fo Major Badham as a memento of this particular occasion and asked some weeks later to accept a silver matchcase suitably engraved, low also made a practice of presenting a similar silver matchcase in fequent years to other brethren who gave a demonstration of out~ ling merit. This was entirely a personal matter so far as Robert Clay low was concerned and the gift was made at his own expense as also the engraving of future meritorious performances on the worker'sa8 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT matchbox. At this time a Ceremony without being in need of any correc tion atall was not a necessity for the award of the box, particularly as it was given entirely atthe discretion of the Senior Member and paid for by him, but there is no doubt that the idea and the award became extremely popular. By the end of 1905, thirty-one brethren had received the award for a total of seventy-four meritorious demonstrations and five brethren hhad by this time obtained a complete record. The custom of making a gift ‘was 60 firmly established—and indeed becoming sufficiently popular and regular as to have become a costly business for the Senior Member—that the Committee insisted on taking over not only the financial responsibility ‘but also the responsibility for making the award. This was done in 1906 and was no doubt influenced to some degree by the now irregular atten dances of Sudlow, due firstly to pressure of work and later toillness, which would tend either to unfairness on the workers concerned if Sudlow ‘were not present orto his relying on his fellow committeemen in any case. In addition to the fact that desire to qualify for this award must have had a very considerable effect on the standard of individual performances ‘nd the general standard of the demonstration being given in ‘Emulation’, it also caused a change in programme. It had been the custom, certainly from the 1840s, for the Charge after Initiation and the Tracing Board of the second Degree only to be worked on every other occasion that these ‘Ceremonies were demonstrated. As it was necessary, in order to qualify for a complete record, to have worked the complete ceremony to the match- box standard, those brethren who were seeking to work matchbox cere- ‘monies, and so to qualify for this record, were not anxious to work the shorter demonstrations, and so the programme was altered from 1906 and the full Ceremony was worked on every occasion that it appeared in the programme. The Committee also considered in 1908 that there should be no correction at all in order to qualify for the matchbox and although this, has been the rule ever since the beginning of that year the Committee have had to take account of the fact that certain practices which form part of the ‘Emulation’ demonstration were not originally stritly laid down and so there are minor matters for which slight differences from what is usually done are permitted without being in need of correction. ‘This has ob viously led, over the years, to a great deal of discussion and decision by the Committee as to what forms the acceptable practice of the Lodge and has tended to lay down a rather narrow interpretation which may not have been originally meant in the post-Union settlement of the Ritual “Emulation” has always kept a number of records and this particularly SUNT applies since the beginnii in which is recorded the of the Lodge and in 19. placed after the name o worked to matchbox stan in the minutes that the ( Arrecord in the form of é have worked ceremonies summary of the matchb apparent that this record given and must have ct century for although Maj ‘but third on the list, th: Lewis and Robert E. F.] record. Both Lewis and ‘Emulation’ in rgor, the although this performane Ritual, there was not ne never managed to qualify but only the shorter vers a complete record, Its i start off by working one Degree that it was possit this standard before they experience were M. The attempt to gain t people to come and work have done so and the rec among them that George vwas one of the finest exp been; John Joseph Black years before he decided t institution of the matchby had the distinction of wo same year—a feat whict when one considers that | ‘of those who had contrib ‘Emulation’ are included the popularity of ‘EmulatSUNDRY ANCILLARY MATTERS 219 applies since the beginning of the twentieth century. They include a book in which is recorded the name of the Master who presided at each meeting of the Lodge and in 1909 Sudlow directed the initials ‘MB° should be placed after the name of the Master in this book if the Ceremony was worked to matchbox standard, while it also became the practice to include in the minutes that the Ceremony had been worked ‘without correction’. A record in the form of display boards has also been kept of all those who have worked ceremonies of this standard, and this record, along with a summary of the matchbox awards year by year, is set out below. It is apparent that this record was not started when the matchbox was originally given and must have commenced in the carly years of the twentieth ‘century for although Major Badham was the frst to receive the award he is but third on the list, the two places above him being given to Charles Lewis and Robert E. F. Lander, who were the first two to complete their record. Both Lewis and Lander became members of the Committee of ‘Emulation’ in r90r, the year after they had completed their record and although this performance would confirm their complete knowledge of the Ritual, there was not necessarily any other connection. Major Badham never managed to qualify for the complete first Degree or second Degree, but only the shorter version in each case and so never became a holder of 4 complete record, Iti interesting to note that if Brethren did happen to start off by working one of the shorter versions of the first and second Degree that it was possible for them to have to work on six occasions to this standard before they completed their record and the only two who had this experience were M. V. Cassal and John F. Roberts. The attempt to gain the matchbox award inspired quite a number of people to come and work at ‘Emulation’ when they might not otherwise have done so and the record of names reveals several interesting points, among them that George Rankin never completed his record although he ‘was one of the finest exponents of the ‘Emulation’ Ritual there ever has been; John Joseph Black had been a member of ‘Emulation’ for thirty years before he decided to try for the award, for his attendance after the institution of the matchbox was not particularly regular until, in 1912, he had the distinction of working all four ceremonies to this standard in the same year—a feat which must surely be without parallel, particularly when one considers that he was over sixty at this time, Most of the names of those who had contributed in the last seventy-five ycars to the work of ‘Emulation’ are included in this list and it also represents a barometer of the popularity of ‘Emulation’, It shows in the figures of those who received220 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT the award between about 1920 and 1935 that this is a peak of ‘Emulation’. In fact it could be said that the desire to win the award at times became a more important factor to those working and running ‘Emulation’ than the normal administration of the Lodge. The figures also indicate the drop off in wartime and the resurgence of popularity in the 1950s. Fora time after the 1939-45 war it was not possible to obtain suitable matchboxes and a medallion was given instead as a memento until in 1958 it became again possible to buy silver matchboxes, though of course at a very considerable price compared with what they had been previously. Some of those who had achieved the distinction without receiving the intended award in the period between the end of the war and 1958 were no longer able to claim the matchbox in replacement, but since that time and for the future ‘Emulation’ continues to give this modest recognition to outstanding Brethren for their assistance in providing an efficent demonstration of the “Emulation” system, SILVER & aks ie 31r4g2art 7-26-23 ae | e553 at ae 3 ara aa 2 43a- 4 lyst Cs 35 £6" 3 sig 3 1 eh. 639 ae hy t 6a = uss 8 7aa- 6353 4 2464 iB Page 3 tax 631% tS ss ii a 4 pe $883 3 ec. 3 Sait) 8 4533 Rae tae 404463 The figures in parentheses it prior to 1906.SILVER MATCH-BOX fe 4 & 1st Dg. & Ch and Dg. rd Dg. [Completed Records 5 6 é 190227 166 144 101 727(+20) “The figures in parentheses in the Total columns indicate shorter Ceremonies in years prior to 1906.222 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT SUNDI - ; eEeEG HEREC RE 3 # 3 Nowe Eibdbikb aba & — ee Sie ee oe oe re ser Sees seta ane sogee setae: ae os ames we os 2oEae = 2 Eaton. aos nt eae 5 Brain, Chae. W. or 10 20 Brownrigg, HJ.e Et 5 Waawsi, EW 5 Sem Anes oma § Neca 3 ne ie FW ist Siow 3 Kin AE sot Sia WE 3 Deny, Nn, W 5 Peay mt 3 bon, vison me or Bock) on Coa Aiea 63 Cole Ene 0. & Lanter 8. a 6 Nountyan W.E wo 6 ew Hei, Gorse Tht TM a © Palys F Lobe $2 Contin WP 7 Karan 55 is 3 Hacked ohn eal B bane) Remade ms F Gaec. Be 3 Lite Jeph a 7 Sec Jol 3 wien Ab, iw6 0 bmn Bai 196 Br Newel Chas, ae fs Pan oe a § Cae Ke 3 Pawn, 6 = 4 Ror 73. = 8 Syme = fy Wit Hee 3 lament at 8 King 2 =a o° Eagion oe Sick CF on 2 S88 3 Ne Hh - 3 Sued C2 9 King 81 96 tan WH net oy Gir, 8 Sheps 3 SJ fo Pres 74 > Broworig, Hi. J.S. SUNDRY ANCILLARY MATTERS Send on STs. ro10 ott ott i912 13 913 93 04 sos 1916 1s a5 1916 14 08 Third degree 1033, 1913 Eo ro 133, ao6 19 916 96 1907 reat 1o30 1019 1319 1019 1915 ro rors 1919 i315 io 19 102s rot 919 rag 914 wo 103s 98 1819 ro10 827 1931 sas 019 194204 EMULATION LopGi Neme ror Cross, R tea Peyton, A.J 105 Brown, JF. ro} Masdea,E. 105 Sharp, Arca. 106 Taser, H.C. 107 Reyoolis, FP 108 Schofield, F.E. S.J. to9 Hamilton, W. G. Ho Franklin, HB. zr Walker, A.C 112 Donaldson, H.R. 13 Mauiden, A 14 Hollands, H. G. 115 Royal, JW. 16 Hall, 6. W. 117 Chapman, C.J 118 Davis, HG. 19 Leatherbarrow, J.C 20 de Worms, P. 1a Mil, W. G. 13 Elliot, W. J 123 Davis, Vernon G. 124 Penney, PC. A. 135 Cook, W. W. 136 McKay, RJ 127 Macdonald, A. 138 Derick, Goo 129 Thomas, A. Rhys 130 Gabb, C.F 131 Mitchell, W. W. A. 132 Banger, H.W. 133 Prior, G.. 134 Datcheldr, 7 135 Goldin, H.W, 135 Hubert, F.J.R 137 Reader, CF. 138 Smith, RH. 139 Paterson, HJ tao Lance, JH. ar Turnbull, 143 More, LP. 143 Dubery, RG. 144 Withers, H.C 145 Powell A. W. 148 Webber, V. HL 147 Wile, EJ 148 Cooper, C. 149 Goodspeed, G.F 150 Orde, GP. OF IMPROVEMENT 835 198 1936: 926 1929 1939 1938 038 193 1938 1933 road 1930 rot 939 1035 1026, roa road 1937 a8 033 a8 O32 5 1939 18 929 rat xo 1025 sas 33 1026 roa roa 1o28 1028 10 rob Complte rend reas a8 16 ro: 1939 roa roa 3t ro rab 132 ro 1932 10M ost suND 3 54 0 16 165, 16 ie a 16, 7 5 be = 184 8 186 18) 1% 4 1 18 (Conbam, H.W. H. Reyne, J. H, Hope, i W.H. MeDade, J Kirch, EC. HL Hersee, W. 8, Willams, RE Newsam, JH. Rowbotham, H. A. Hil, John Norran,R. J Davies Figgins, 0. H.C. Pana, CM Fal, WH Pryane, S.J. H. Skinner, Gar G. M. Green, J, Owen, HB. P. Hawley, E.C. Adams, C.C Fister, W. B. Astin, D, Yates, A.C Davies A. Lloyd Stephenson, PJ. Taylor, ET Klagge, 0.C Stokes, R.B. Hon, A.J Smith, A.J Conti, GA Dunning, W. H. Semarl, C. 8. Daborn, CW. LinnelJ-5. Young, i. J Hemming, C. Hughes, A. Wilson, F-E Beley, HH, ‘Tomlin, FJ Freeborn, §.W Walley, Gs. Well, #8 Webb, W. . Got, W. J Nicholls, F.W. 8 Duns, HG.SUNDRY 157 3 to Xr 16 3 16 16 1 65 16 EA " m4 180 i 1 3 1% 18: 186 8 8) 4 108 198 % Canbam, H.W. H, Reyne, J.H, Hope, Hi, W.H. MeDade, J. Kirch, EC. H, Here, W. 5. Willan, RE Newsam J. Rombotham, H. A, Hil, Joba ‘Norman, RJ Davies Higgins, G. H.C Fann, C. M. Fal, W. H, Prymne, 5.1. Skinner, 1 Ghrt, GM Green, JE, Wiliams, G.. Owen, H.B.P. Hawley, EC. Adams, C. C. Foiser, W. B. Avastin, D. Yates, A. Davies, A. Lloyd Stephenson, P Taplor, EE Klagge, 0.C Stokes, RB. Husson, A.J. Smith A Gone, @. A Dunning, W. Ht. Semark, C. Daborn, CW. Linael, J. 5. Young, i. J Hemming, C.J Hughes, A. Wilton, F-E Belsy, HH. Tomlin, FJ Freeborn, $. W Walley, 6. S. Waller, 1.8 Webb, W. 5, Gon, W. J Nichols, F.W. S Dunn, HG. ANCILLARY 1036 1934 m0 1034 1935 36 1038 1936 oe os8 me MATTERS 1046 ro 1035 04 036 1938 1038 rg 143 1036226 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT SUNDRY eet oO TER EO New Ee gs 2b 2 $2 New aot J. Ryecrot o~ 2st GT. E,Shodden dea REL Lyon roo 352 LA: Magione 23 €. G, Greeneld 0 353 ALP. Wakon 34H. Thome 940 254 E-Semt 2g $7, Wd ro4t 355 SJ. ©. Chipperld 206 6.6, San 4 19 19431950 1950 256 HJ. B.Ewee ory Fi, Edad oe 257 HL. Baya 2d W, Spalding we oe 358. Fee ey 8. F. Corey we 8 359 W. J. Robinson 3ro A. Gordn-Seih ed 194 3915 101954 3 R. Blow ir FW. Bonnington oat Ber M.D. Price 2a E Martin ie 106 36a Ree Bigs 313 W. Dormon ee 33 PLE. Newble 214 A.D, 8, Blackball 1 1045 194515501950 264.N.D. Ourry 31g AG, Vaughan ms ib 265 CF, W. Dyer ie LF. Thoms 45 1932 366 PN. Cf 217 F. W. Backmore 8 1 1016 190 1949 367 KK. Keamats 18 RY. Hall 16 268 S.W. F- Johnson iy CE Sth 14 269 H.W. Goldenberg 20 A.W. Kendrick on ne ro Glyn Wiliams 221 0, 8. Melnery 1980 108 1049 1047 1959 ay RA. Taylor 2a W. E. Calon i Tos 198 st 19st 2 W.Hi Taser 223 H. J. Crawford 1949 1948 1947 10491049, 273 J. D. H. Shearman 234 EA. Gomen oe ae ne wh Be 34H. Tor 235 1 Asquith 0 Be 98 23 J. Green 236 FJ Heber rok oe Fo kiaa 22 HM. Palen orn 135 W.J. ler 2b HT. Hodge ‘38 ros HAGA Care 29 J. W. Rooster 19 Tomo tose 19841954 29 D.E.M. Kidd 250 M.Billen oe ioe 15st 3fe M. Tones 2h GLE. Bates 3B 130 1930 1831953 281 S.J Envise 232 AS. Tape 1938 rose 1055 10491958 383 S11. Thompoon 339 HR Hil 3p ist ye ws 8s 285 HLM. Sbarp 234 W. J James 1350 384 FR. Simmons 335 G.R Donn 1952 9st 1950 385 K. Wager 238 AL. Gry 133e 13 386 LW. Wikine 27 B Joos be 19ST 1954 1951 287 CT. Haines BB V.W. Over 1953 oes 388 PP Wilts 339 R. Mary 33 195 tps 19st Ho PS. Waller oe J Blake 3 a os 299 D. J. Res 2 CS. Dodwell a ore A Kee 22 M.S. Rodel 1953 BB ws me mse 32 ALE. Dorel 3h ).C. Aiworth-Davis ost os we 244 A. Troman ss Ds 9541955 245 PJ Hareion 1933 wos vost 1954 246 CLA. Richardoon 1934 27 EB Marin Ef 248 LW. Rayner 1054 ip BP. Dute 1983 054 st 957 158 280 G. C. Kerrdge 1955SUNDRY ANCILLARY MATTERS x = 2st G.T.E, Shedden 135 252 L.A, Maginnis 1955 353 ALF. Walton 1956 St 185 Chipper 1958 Ewer 1961 els 1957 fF SEGRE Bs OZsRErasamon oRoro obinson 1938 19538 0 1958, 1938 1999 160 1960 1960 BEE eed 359 HW. Goldenberg 279 Gilyn Williams 196 art R.A, Taylor r96t 272 W.HL Taylor 196 273 J.D-H Shearman 1962 274 H. Taylor 106 275 J. Green 1963 2]0 FM. Kidd 1965 277 W. J. Hiller 1065 318 GA. Cave 1965 319 DEM, Kidd 1966 ho M. Innes 1966 281 S.J. Enrwise 382 SL. Thompeon 283 H. M. Sharp 1967 284 B. R, Simmons 1967 285 K. Waser 10968 286 LW. Wilkins 1969 287 CT. Holmes 1069 288 PP. Willams 1070 289 PS. Walker 390 D. J. Rees 70 391 EA. King 352 ALE. Barrel wontXIII. THE RITUAL IN PRACTICE Because of its nature and its standards ‘Emulation’ had been considered a leader in its field from its very early days. In consequence, many other bodies have been associated with it, either by copying its methods, provid- ing an ancillary service, or just building on the club spirit which it has ‘engendered through the years. By the later years ofthe nineteenth century, the different methods of carrying out the Ceremonies had by change developed into different Workings, some related to different areas and others following the writings of different Brethren. This changed the character of ‘Emulation’ by making it the focal point ofa particular Work~ ing and, when a period of reaction against indiscriminate change followed in the early twentieth century, its character hardened into a stronghold of preservation of approved forms. Many associated themselves with ‘Emula- tion’ and its principles in those days and this included a movement to endeavour to work the Emulation system as closely as possible to that worked in the Lodge of Improvement on Friday Associated Bodies In the 1820s and 1830s other Lodges of Instruction were associated merely by the regular workers at ‘Emulation’ acting as their instructors, and ‘Emulation’s’ Friday meetings were already becoming a finishing school. Evidence of the copying of the ‘Emulation’ system is provided in the report in the Freemasons’ Quarterly Review in 1843 (page 61) of the forma tion of a new Lodge of Instruction under the sanction of St. Michael’s Lodge to meet on Mondays, where the general principle would be based on that of ‘Emulation’, except that B.4s. and F.Cs. would be admitted. ‘The movement was not limited to this country and the same journal in 1841 at page 496 reports the meetings of the Emulation Lodge of Improve~ ment in Calcutta, every Saturday and Sunday, and records the effect it had con Ritual working. This Lodge was promoted by Alexander Grant the District Grand Secretary with the assistance of Longueville Clark, and A. and E. Boileau, Sadler records two other instances in the 1860s of the formation of Emulation Lodges of Instruction in India, one of which be- came a regular Lodge meeting in Bombay under the style of Lodge of Emulation No. 1100; another was formed in Caleuttain the r880s, and ran, for many years. ‘Mention has been made of the Gavel Club, formed as a supper club in 228 THE the 1880s, and of the Lod Lodge No. 2818 has alway: tion’ and, when it was cont Senior Warden and remain Senior Member of the ‘Emu itis a matter of honour tha he has worked a Ceremony This Lodge took its name fr been formed in 1889 to prox part in the weekly ‘Emulati ciated Lodges of Instructio bodies linked with ‘Emulat system of Ritual practice system of recognition by t Lodge of Instruction have . and standard of ‘Emulation Recognised Lodges of I ‘The system of recognition “Emulation” was the centre ing, and those in charge wi except as Grand Lodge dire of Lodges of Instruction in tion’ system, notably Langtc at Woking; and Wandswor mentioned by Sadler. It we century that the idea was put submitting to formal control nised’ by ‘Emulation’, The well kept during the ten year is no record of any decisions Mlustrated History was publi 1903; there is no mention 0 shoots’ or ‘connected’ Lodge tion which had a close assc London Rifle Brigade and S some time, but the others working Lodges, R. Chay { Ceremony, the first Precept‘THE RITUAL IN PRACTICE 229 the 1880s, and of the Lodge of Progress, formed in 1878. The Kirby Lodge No. 2818 has always maintained a close connection with ‘Emula- tion’ and, when it was constituted in 1900, George Rankin was its first Senior Warden and remained an officer until his death. To this day the Senior Member of the ‘Emulation’ Committee is an honorary member and it is a matter of honour that no Brother is appointed as a Warden unless he has worked a Ceremony from the Chair at an ‘Emulation’ meeting. ‘This Lodge took its name from the Kirby Lodge of Instruction which had been formed in 1886 to provide a training ground for those wishing to take part in the weekly ‘Emulation’ demonstrations. Ie is in this field of asso- ciated Lodges of Instruction that there is found the greatest number of bodies linked with ‘Emulation’ by a common feeling for their particular system of Ritual practice. Most of these links have arisen through the system of recognition by the ‘Emulation’ Committee that a particular Lodge of Instruction have undertaken to teach the Ritual to the system and standard of ‘Emulation’ itself. Recognised Lodges of Instruction ‘The system of recognition arose from the growth of distinct Workings. ‘Emulation’ was the centre of demonstration and control of its old work- ing, and those in charge were pledged to preserve it without alteration except as Grand Lodge directed. From the early 1880s there is evidence of Lodges of Instruction in London working particularly to the ‘Emula- tion’ system, notably Langton, whose record is set out below; J. J. Black's at Woking; and Wandsworth under Alexander C. A. Higerty which is mentioned by Sadler. It was not until the early years of the twentieth ‘century that the idea was put forward of Lodges of Instruction voluntarily submitting to formal control in exchange fora cachet that they were ‘recog nised’ by ‘Emulation’. The Committee minutes of ‘Emulation’ were not well kept during the ten years that Joseph Russell was Secretary and there ino record of any decisions on this matter up to the end of 1905. Sadler's Mlastrated History was published in 1904 and includes records up to late 4903; there is no mention of ‘recognition’ in this book but only of ‘off- shoots’ or ‘connected’ Lodges. In 1993 there were four Lodges of Instruc- fon which had a close association with ‘Emulation’—Langton, Kirby, London Rifle Brigade and St. Bride. The first two had been working for Some time, but the others were formally inaugurated as ‘Emulation’ working Lodges, R. Clay Sudlow opening them with an Installation Ceremony, the first Preceptor acting as M.E, The first By-laws of St.230 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT Bride, January 1902, contain no reference to recognition, nor do they con tain the usual references to ‘Emulation’ required by recognition, other than that the working shall be the ‘Emulation’ system. The Kirby pro~ gramme for 1902 similarly contains no reference. The next Lodge of Instruction to be especially formed in this way was the Lewisham and District Emulation Working Lodge of Instruction, sanctioned by British Lodge No. 8 on 21 November 1904. The first by-laws of this Lodge of Instruction contain a note ‘Other Lodges of Instruction officially recog- nised by the Emulation Lodge of Improvement are— and lists the four Lodges mentioned above. These By-laws alsocontain the required referen~ ces to ‘Emulation’ regarding approval of Preceptors and annual returns. It seems likely, therefore, that the arrangement for formal association with other Lodges of Instruction was started in r904 and that the four men tioned above were the original group with seniority according to age. ‘There are two references in the Committee minutes in the first six months of 1906, one to the group of Lodges by their names, from which is clear that St. James's Lodge of Instruction had been granted this status after Lewisham and District but before the minutes start in January 1906. ‘The other reference is to the approval of conditions for recognition of Lodges which were passed on 1 June 1906. Altogether a total of 111 Lodges of Instruction have had association with ‘Emulation’ in this way; the recognised Lodges pay a small annual subscription for being included in the list. The conditions for recognition have remained basically the same since r906 and those passed on 1 June of that year were ‘The working of the Ceremonies and Lectures shall be in strict conformity with the recognised system of the Emulation Lodge of Improvement and no discus- sion on the working shall be permitted while the Lodge is open for busines. ‘The Preveptor (and one other member of the Committee) must be approved in writing annually by the Committee of the Emulation Lodge of Improvement. “The Committce shall once in every year furnish to the Committee ofthe Emula~ tion Lodge of Improvement a report on the condition of the Lodge and a sum= mary of the past year’s work. Neither smoking nor refreshments shall be permitted in the Lodge during Masonic business No alteration shall be made in the By-Laws as regards the above requirements without the consent in writing of the Committee of the Emulation Lodge of Improvement. ‘The Office of Preceptor must be honorary. ‘There are several reasons why a Lodge of Instruction should seek recognition. In many people there is a desire to conform as strictly as THE possible, to do a job well, faction—and such a link w In some cases it was a matt sech as ‘Emulation’ provid Gifierent times to encour: doubt would encourage sin sition depended on the ap; many Lodges of Instructic cczase of the personal enth voluntary acceptance of re association of this nature practices of the Working, ‘Sonics to an acceptable sta aised, and there are many } Sex regard the rule abou Woking Emulation Lodge « ‘Sex’ principles from 188 season. It may also have Eestraction, formed in 1866 ACA Higerty in 1882, sander Higerty and Harvey — ‘Tiere have been many 0 see approved Preceptor. ‘E Eesrection as such, and in Sere teacher or const Bre reasonably regular atte Bes approved, to take cha saat responsibility for eve Eade of Instruction. It agpeored in respect of eac] sadoqeate safezuard, but thot the ert; this normally mea Beeetie subject of a numbe bes prsbabiy suffered more | ees me mind if the two: mepenstbie o whether ont Degary’ ox by some other n mumiber of other Preceptors‘THE RITUAL IN PRACTICE 23 Possible, to do a job well, to be ‘in’ merely as a matter of personal satis- faction—and such a link with ‘Emulation’ in Ritual matters provided this. In some cases it was a matter of convenience to have a means of reference such as ‘Emulation’ provided, and Provincial authorities were inclined at different times to encourage any movement which gave this—and no doubt would encourage similar arrangements for other Workings. Recog- nition depended on the approval of the Preceptor for the time being and many Lodges of Instruction may have found themselves recognised be- cause of the personal enthusiasm of a previous Preceptor. No doubt the voluntary acceptance of recognition makes for a higher standard and an association of this nature helps to a clear view of what constitutes the practices of the Working, but it is quite possible to carry out the Cere~ monies to an acceptable standard if the will is there without being recog- nised, and there are many Lodges which do so. Some Lodges of Instruc~ tion regard the rule about smoking as onerous. It is known that the Woking Emulation Lodge of Improvement, run by J. J. Black on ‘Emula~ tion’ principles from 1888 to 1938 never sought recognition for this reason. It may also have been the reason the Wandsworth Lodge of Instruction, formed in 1866 and resuscitated on ‘Emulation’ principles by A.C. A. Higerty in 1882, never did so; it was still operating in 1904 under Higerty and Harvey Hudson, both closely associated with ‘Emula~ tion’ ‘There have been many opinions as to the duties and responsibilities of an approved Preceptor. ‘Emulation’ approves Preceptors of Lodges of Instruction as such, and in no sense as a personal qualification to be a travelling teacher or consultant, It regards a Preceptor’s duty as to give reasonably regular attendance at the Lodge of Instruction for which he is approved, to take charge of the work and make corrections, and to accept responsibility for everything of a Ritual nature that goes on in the Lodge of Instruction. It has normally required two brethren to be approved in respect of each Lodge of Instruction just so that there is adequate safeguard, but those nominated are approved to be responsible for the work; this normally means a Preceptor. The question of approval has been the subject of a number of curious interpretations over the years and has probably suffered more breach than complete acceptance. ‘Emulation? oes not mind if the two approved Preceptors are regarded as jointly Fesponsible or whether one is styled as ‘Preceptor’ and the other as ‘Deputy’ or by some other name. Equally there can be no objection to any ssumber of other Preceptors or Deputies or Assistants if the Lodge wish to232 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT appoint them, provided that they are not regarded as responsible to ‘Emulation’ unless approved by them. A Lodge of Instruction may appoint anyone it chooses as a Preceptor: ‘Emulation’ is only concerned if approval is sought in order to continue recognition. In one instance a Lodge of Instruction appointed a prominent Grand Officer as its senior Preceptor, purely as an attraction for members. The Brother concerned, although a competent Ritualist, was not proposing to attend with any regularity nor to take detailed responsibility for the work, neither was he prepared to submit to a test of competence by ‘Emulation’. The ‘Emula- tion’ Committee in this case stuck strictly to their own rule and offered the choice of giving up the recognised status or continuing under Preceptors who were approved —it chose to continue recognised. The first query on interpretation of this rule was made in 1908 and they still arise with con considerable regularity. Some Lodges have but one, others want more than this and some have what seems an unduly large number of Preceptors for reasons such as status, training and many others. A good standard of work is best maintained by regular supervision by a practised instructor. Conditions have changed since recognition started in the immediate aftermath of the Victorian era. Circumstances in those days may have re~ quired strict conformity and an almost military sense of discipline and, ia period of reaction in Ritual matters, this may have been a good thing As a central Lodge of Instruction, ‘Emulation’ had no authority at all over Lodge practices and only over other Lodges of Instruction, with their consent, if they wished to be recognised. Such was the reputation of the Lodge of Improvement and such the personalities of its leaders that they exercised for more than twenty years an autocratic rule over those associated with them. When, some time after the 1914-18 war, the pendu- lum of Ritual practice started to swing away from this very stiff attitude, ‘Emulation’ did not go immediately with the changing times, and the ‘uncompromising attitudes associated with Rankin—a Victorian head- master—lasted even into the 1950s. There is no doubt that the status of recognition, besides being an extremely useful link on both sides, was for many years regarded as something to be sought and prized. Many applications were refused; on several occasions recognition was peremp- torily withdrawn. Between the wars the Committee expected the leaders of Lodges of Instruction to support the Friday meetings of the Lodge of Improvement; if they lived within fifty miles, this was expected to be regular, if further, then certainly at the Festivals and this gave rise in some places to the erroneous impression that a Brother could not be approved as a Preceptor meeting. Since 1950 the Committ as evidence of an associatc Ritual, where that is the L certain standard is still m exist but it is the associatic important. On several oce whole question of recogmnit sive the same benefits. WE to seeks active association it, and to help all brethren ‘The Lodges which have the following list. The date in which recognition was g reasons, while those who ar tion after the 1939-45 wa closed down completely a1 begin all over again with ¢ District is shown and when is in one and the sanctionit x Langton, Lon 2 Kirby, Londo 3 Londen Rifle 4 St. Bride, Lor § Peter Gilkes, 6 St. James's, B 7 Chisel, Londo 8 Strong Man, 1 9 Hiram, Londo 10 Polytechnic, L 11 Telephone ang 12 West Lancashi 1 St. Albans, He 14 Royal Athelst 15 Fenwick, Dark 16 Maidenhead & 17 Napier Claveri: 18 Letchworth, W 19 Honour, Stafa 20 Josiah Wedgwe 21 Jordan, Devons 22 Horus, London 23 Hardware, LonTHE RITUAL IN PRACTICE 233, approved as a Preceptor unless he had worked a Ceremony at a Friday meeting. Since 1950 the Committee have increasingly come to regard recognition as evidence of an association in a common interest—to work the Emulation Ritual, where that is the Lodge work, to the highest possible standard. A Certain standard is still necessary for recognition and the old rules still cxist but it is the association with others who work the same Ritual that is important. On several occasions, means have been sought to revise the whole question of recognition, but no other proposal has ever seemed to sive the same benefits, What the Committee of ‘Emulation’ will continue toseckiis active association with all those who use the Working, to preserve it, and to help all brethren to improve its performance. ‘The Lodges which have been recognised since the system began are in the following list. The date of recognition is shown and the list is in order in which recognition was granted. A number have withdrawn for various reasons, while those who are marked ‘* did not continue with the associa. tion after the 1939-45 war, during which many Lodges of Instruction closed down completely and some did not restart, while others had to begin all over again with completely different officers. The Province or District is shown and where two are given for a Lodge, the meeting place is in one and the sanctioning Lodge meets in the other. 1 Langton, London The original 2 Kirby, London group of 3 London Rifle Brigade, London f'recognised 4 St. Bride, London J Lodges 5 Peter Gilkes, London/Surrey 6 St. James's, Birmingham, Staffordshire 7 Chisel, London 8 Strong Man, London 9 Hiram, London xo Polytechnic, London 11 Telephone and Hampshire, London 12 West Lancashire, West Lancashire 13 St. Albans, Hertfordshire 14 Royal Athelstn, London 15 Fenwick, Durham 16 Maidenhead & District Emulation, Berkshire 17 Napier Clavering, Northumberland 18 Letchworth, West Lancashire 19 Honour, Staffordshire 20 Josiah Wedgwood, Staffordshire 21 Jordan, Devonshire 22 Horus, London 23 Hardware, London234 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT 24 Ad Astra, London 1922 25 Noel Money, Surrey gaa" 26 Shipeote, Durham (Closed 1958) 1922 27 Campbell, Middlesex/London 1922 28 Southport, West Lancashire 1924, 29 Earl of Clarendon, Hertfordshire 1935* 30 General, Birmingham, Warwickshire 1925 Papyrus, London (withdrew 1049) 1926 32 City Liveries, London (losed 1963) 1926 George Rankin, London/Surrey 1926 Canute, Hampshire & L0.W. 1% Royal Victorian Jubilee, No, 2, Essex roxy Preceptors, London 1928 Cheshire Emulation, Cheshire 1928 St. Modwen's, Staffordshire 1929 Hundred of Wirral, Cheshire 1930 Malden, Surrey 1930 “Amici, London 1930 Shisley Park, Surrey 31 Heath Park, Essex 931 South Cheshire, Cheshire 45 Sale Emulation Cheshire 46 Crichton, London 47 Per Mare Per Terram, Kent 48 Bedford, London 49 Light, London 50 Addisoombe & Sth. Croydon, Surrey 5 Unity, Cheshire 52 St. Vincent, Hampshire & LO.W. 153 King Alfred, Middlesex 534 East Croydon, Surrey '5 Staines, Middlesex 56 Brixton Ramblers, London (closed 1960) 57 St. Trillo Emulation, North Wales 136 Wallasey District, Cheshire 59 Euston, London 60 Tenby, South Wales, W.D. 6 Springfield, Surrey (withdrew 1966) 62 Beddington, Surrey 63 Croydon Commemoration, Surrey 64 Stockport Divisional, Cheshire 65 Fylde Group, West Lancashire 66 Selsdon Park, Surrey/London 67 Apollo, Lincolnshire (withdrew 1953) 68 Stoneleigh Coronation, Surrey 65 Hawarden Unity, North Wales 7p Manor of Estham, Surrey — (withdrew 1950) 7% Athlon, London 72 Chorley Emulation, West Lancashire 73 Barham, Hertfordshire 174 Patience and Industry, London 8a Freee 85 Petts 8 St.E 85 Jerse 86 Soutl 8 Diace 90 Jubile or Lud 92 South 93 Alles 94 Hertf 95 South 96 Argus 01 Lodge 102 Onslo 103 Chips 104 Feathy 105 Three 106 Mente 107 Wally 108 Shirle 109 Alban 10 Roses 11 Oakfie Historical Notes These notes are take the Lodges themselv and Secretaries, with Even then, in the ca missing and, although secure information, t notes have had to be years’ or less service‘THE RITUAL IN PRACTICE 175 Abbey, Berkshire 76 Caleulus, London (withdrew 1058) 77 Old England, Surrey 78 Chertsey Emulation, Surrey 79 Vale of Beck, Kent Surrey Arts & Sciences, Surrey Hyde, Cheshire (lose 1966) veedom Emulation, Durham Petts Wood, Kent i Se. Euny, Coravall 8 Jersey and Southall Norwood, Middlesex ‘86 South Wirral Emulation, Che 8] St. Michaels, Hertfordshire 88 Cravenstoke, London 89 Diacomus, Surrey 99 Jubilee, Kent ‘91 Ludgate, London ‘92 Southall St. Job's, Middlesex 93 Allegiance, Surrey (94 Hertford, Hertfordshire 95 South Western Polytechnic, London 96 Argus, Middlesex 97 Bee Hive, London 98 Coronation, Essex/London (closed 1957) 99 Ickenham, Middlesex 109 Teddington, Middlesex ror Lodge of the Open Road, London, 102 Onslow, Surrey 103 Chipstead, Surrey 104 Featherstone, Middlesex 10§ Three Pillars, Surrey 106 Mentor, Derbyshire 107 Wallwood, London 108 Shirley His, Surrey 409 Albany Park, Kent 110 Rosemary, Northumberland snr Oakfield, Surrey Historical Notes on Recognised Lodges of Instruction These notes are taken from the records of ‘Emulation’ and from those of the Lodges themselves with the courteous assistance of many Preceptors and Secretaries, without whose help they could not have been compiled. Eyven then, in the cases of some of the older Lodges, some records are aissing and, although every attempt has been made to ensure accuracy and secure information, there may still be gaps and minor inaccuracies. The otes have had to be kept short, and for this reason some officers of two Yeas’ or less service have been omitted, but in addition to factual history236 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT some mention is made where possible of the men who, in this sphere, contribute so much to Masonry. Many names will be found of those who varying degrees in the history of ‘Emulation’ itself, thus inks between the Lodge of Improvement and these associa~ ted Lodges of Instruction. Many brethren were Preceptors of more than one Lodge of Instruction at the same time. Thisis an extreme commitment to Masonic Ritual matters which some brethren seem able to give, often to the very great benefit of the Craft. Those shown as Preceptors are those approved by ‘Emulation’ as the principal person in charge of the work. In the column for Deputy and Assistant Preceptors, brethren have been included where the Lodge have so appointed them, although the names may not have been submitted for approval by ‘Emulation’, and also those ‘hose names have been approved, not necessarily as Preceptors, but as the other person responsible for the work in addition to the nominated Precep- tor, LONDON 1, LANGTON meets at the Ship, in Lime Street, on Thursdays from October to April at 6 p.m. Preceptor: W. J. Claydon, 1.G.R., Secretary D. Peryer. ‘This Lodge of Instruction dates from November 1876, when it was a Lodge of Instruction for and to meet at the newly-formed London ‘Masonic Club in Queen Victoria Strect in the City of London; it was sanctioned by one of the Lodges that had also moved to those premises, the Lodge of Felicity No. 58. The Lodge of Instruction still has in use some of the original equipment acquired for the London Masonic Club cluding a Bible and a set of Tracing Boards. This was the first Lodge of Instruction to have a definite affiliation with ‘Emulation’ and in the 1880s ‘was meeting on Thursday evenings, working the same programme so as to give a rehearsal for those who might be working at ‘Emulation’ on the Friday. From the original formation in 1876, the work was not strictly in accordance with ‘Emulation’ practice and the members came from various Lodges. In October 1877, William Smallpeice was elected Preceptor; in addition to being Secretary of ‘Emulation’, he was a most keen and ardent Ritualist and from the date of his election the work of the Lodge became strictly that used in ‘Emulation’. He continued as Preceptor until early in 1881, when the London Masonic Club closed down, and during his Preceptorship he ensured that the work of this Lodge of Instruction was reported in the Masonic Press. ™ Although the Lodge 0 Instruction was not espet meeting place away from exception to the Press re sanction when the Club members and equipment The Langton Lodge (nov been formed to meet at sanction; the meeting p Mansion House Station Bué and Henry Sadler, R remained so for two yea Committee of ‘Emulation’ an annual Festival which the same Ceremony on TE The Lodge have always m 5.30, which must have rest ber of City firms did not ¢ the City of London and 1 nearly forty years until 193 equipment suffered some ‘blitz’, and some of the e: after the war and has met 2 general Lodge of Instru many Lodges have learnt t always had a President, w Judge Philbrick, C.Reg., b has been president for the magistrate. It has not been of various officers but the { it scems likely that E. P. D sas largely a nominal ap) of his service and that the Barnard and W. M. Shelc the Lodge. For the first Rowlands and Ramsden | extremely hard in furtheri 45 war years, many will Goldenberg.THE RITUAL IN PRACTICE 237 Although the Lodge of Felicity had given its sanction, the Lodge of Instruction was not especially for its benefit and Felicity had moved its meeting place away from the Masonic Club in 1879. Felicity also took tion to the Press reports which were published and withdrew the sanction when the Club closed. Thus the Lodge of Instruction, with members and equipment, had no home, no sponsor and no Preceptor. ‘The Langton Lodge (now called Welcome Lodge No. 1673), which had been formed to meet at the Masonic Club, agreed to undertake the sanction; the meeting place was moved two hundred yards to the Mansion House Station Restaurant, and, through the efforts of Henri Bué and Henry Sadler, Robert Clay Sudlow became the Preceptor. He remained so for two years, when he gave up on being clected to the Committee of ‘Emulation’. During this time he instituted the practice of an annual Festival which is still kept up, as is the practice of working the same Ceremony on Thursday that ‘Emulation’ are to work on Friday ‘The Lodge have always met early in the evening, for many years as early as 5.30, which must have restricted membership at a time when a large num- ber of City firms did not close before this time. It has always been held in the City of London and met at Simpson’s Restaurant in Cheapside for nearly forty years until 1939, when the Lodge closed down for the war. Its equipment suffered some damage when Simpson's was destroyed in the “blitz’, and some of the early records were lost, but it started up again after the war and has met since in various hostelres in the City area. It is a general Lodge of Instruction and through its history the members of many Lodges have learnt their work there. Since the 1880s the Lodge has always had a President, who has usually been connected with the law, Judge Philbrick, G.Reg., being the first and T. P. Davis, P.7.G.D., who has been president for the last twenty years, having been a Metropolitan magistrate. It has not been possible to trace the complete record of service of various officers but the following list gives what is known. From notes it seems likely that E. P. Debenham, who was Town Clerk of St. Albans, tas largely a nominal appointment as Preceptor for the last 20 years of his service and that the effective precepting was carried out by A. M. Barnard and W. M. Sheldrake, the latter giving magnificent service to he Lodge. For the first thirty years of the twentieth century W. P. Rowlands and Ramsden Walker as Secretary and Treasurer worked Satremely hard in furthering the cause of Langton, while in post 1939- 45 war years, many will remember the devoted service of H. W Goldenberg.238 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT Deputy| Assistant Preceptor Preceptors Secretary 1877-81 W. Smallpeice 1881-83 RC. Sudlow 1881-83 A. W. Duret 1883-85 J.T. Tanqueray 71885 97 HLM. Hobbs 21897- GF. Marshall sgor-17 A.M. Barnard? W.P. 1997 (died) 1993-32 fRowlnds 1897 2931 E.P-Debenkam 1915-32 W. P. Rowlands roi6-st W. M. Sheldrake 1915-32 Ramsden Walker 1033-48 S.J.H. Pryane 1932-52 D. M. P. Liddle 1949-31 H. G. Davis 1951-56 H. G. Davis 56 H.W. Golden- 1952-60 R. Tatam (Ged) berg 1956-70 H.W. Golden- 1957-60 S. Chipperfeld 1960-63 C. F. W. Dyer ‘berg (died) 1960- S.J. McManus 1963-67 B. W. P. Downing 1968-D. Peryer 1967 _D. Peryer tg7- WJ. Claydon 1968 G.E. Lambert 2, Kinpy meets at the Duke of York's Headquarters, Chelsea, ‘Tuesday at6 p.m. Preceptors: H. T. Gardner, H. M. Sharp, P. P. Williams, G. Williams. Secretary: M. Innes. “The Clarence Lodge of Instruction was formed in December 1889 by a band of ‘Emulation’ enthusiasts led by Henry Sadler. It was a general Lodge of Instruction and its avowed object was to train Brethren for office at ‘Emulation’ on Fridays. It had no particular Lodge allegiance and the necessary sanction of a regular Lodge was obtained by R. Clay Sudlow from his Lodge, Bank of England No. 263. It met at Tupps Restaurant in ‘Tottenham Court Road and the first Preceptor was William Henry Kirby. Kirby was still a M.M. at this time and was assistant to R.C. Sudlow at Burroughs Wellcome & Co. H. S. (later Sir Henry) Wellcome was for a number of years the Treasurer of the Lodge. Kirby was keen worker and as Preceptor set a high standard from the start—a standard which has always been associated with this Lodge of Instruction. Kirby was killed in ‘gas explosion at his home in 1895 and as a mark of esteem the name was changed to that at present used. The Lodge meets all the year round (except for 1939-45 when it met in the summer only) and from 1893-1933 met at the Midland Grand Hotel, St. Pancras, then moving to the Euston Hotel. Since 1946 it has had a number of meeting places for varying lengths of time. This Lodge quickly became second only in importance to ‘Emulation’ itself as a demonstration of Emulation Working and naturally THE attracted most of the rege tion. It has had some truly It has worked with a Co capable and often did take those who have served in much from the early dea George Rankin gave up # Marcel Victor Cassal, wh No. 1415 in 1894 and who James Mitchell Payne, ini Preceptor of other Lodge seven. David Dudley Wet joined Kirby in 18925 he v George Rankin and from 1 ight. The next generation 1945 after being Precepto ‘was a member of the Lod elected Curator anda mer nominally a member at th a very great deal to the wo: P.AG.D.C. Norman was i No. 2721 in 1900, being many years Preceptor of i nised. He joined Kirby in what it stood for; he twice mittee—one of his reason: Preceptorship, although, 1 sidered himself too old to t two years before becoming minute books during his fi believed, while he produce His attendance record was in the whole of his service, of the Charities Associatio Annual Festivals were a ticizn Ward, no anniversar meeting was held in 1909, 1919 with a working of the (then Dep. Prov. G.M. (Mi:THE RITUAL IN PRACTICE 239 attracted most of the regular workers as an additional Lodge of Instruc- tion. It has had some truly magnificent service from so many of its officers. It has worked with a Committee of Assistant Preceptors who were all capable and often did take charge, so that the list of oficers below sets out those who have served in this way. In earlier years the Lodge suffered much from the early death of several of its most active officers. When George Rankin gave up the Preceptorship in r904, he was succeeded by ‘Marcel Victor Cassal, who had been initiated in the Campbell Lodge No. 1415 in 1894 and who died in 1908 aged forty-two. His successor was James Mitchell Payne, initiated in Victoria Lodge No. 2671 in 1898 and Preceptor of other Lodges of Instruction. He died in grr aged forty seven. David Dudley West was initiated in London Lodge No. 108 and joined Kirby in 1892; he was Deputy Preceptor under Charles Lewis and George Rankin and from 1903, the Treasurer. He died in 1913 aged forty- eight. The next generation were longer lived for T. J. Norman, who died in 41945 after being Preceptor for thirty years, was eighty-six; Frank Ward ‘was a member of the Lodge for fifty-five years and W. G. Mills who was elected Curator and a member of the Committee in 1920 died in 1951, stil nominally a member at the age of ninety. The success of the Lodge owes a very great deal to the work of T. J. Norman, P.7.G.D. and F. W. Ward, P.AG.D.C. Norman was initiated in 1897 and joined the Lodge of Light No. a7ar in 1900, being Master in 1906, Secretary from 1908 and for many years Preceptor of its Lodge of Instruction which was also recog- nised. He joined Kirby in r906 and developed a great affection for it and what it stood for; he twice declined membership of the ‘Emulation’ Com- mittee—one of his reasons being that he would have to give up Kirby Preceptorship, although, being in his sixties at the time, he also con- sidered himself to old to transfer. Frank Ward was assistant secretary for two years before becoming Secretary in rg00. The care and detal of the minute books during his forty-five years in the office must be seen to be believed, while he produced over the years considerable statistical details, His attendance record was quite fantastic for he seldom missed a meeting in the whole of his service, and he was for over forty years secretary also of the Charities Association organised in the Lodge. Annual Festivals were a feature, and, under the watchful eye of statis~ tician Ward, no anniversary or milestone went uncelebrated. The toooth ‘meeting was held in 1909, with a paper by Henry Sadler, the 150oth in 1919 with a working of the Consecration Ceremony by A. Burnett Brown (then Dep. Prov. GM. (Midds:)), the 2o0oth in 1928, combined with the240 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT Annual Festival and presided over by Lord Ampthill, Pro Grand Master, and the 2sooth in 1938 when George Rankin worked the Installation Ceremony. It was proposed to celebrate the Jubilee in 1939 in a suitable fashion and the Pro Grand Master had promised to preside, but the out break of war caused its cancellation. A special occasion was made of F. W Ward’s 25ooth personal attendance at the 275th meeting of the Lodge in January 1946, the 3oooth meeting (in r950) was presided over by the Earl of Scarbrough, then Deputy Grand Master, and this coincided with the Diamond Jubilee. Committe of Precepor Assistants Seeretery 1890-95 W.H.Kirby 1889-93 D.G. Imlay —_188y-g0 W. Fremantle (ied) 1899-05 F.T. Rushton 1890. : 18093 F, Mason toc0, W. Baker 1893-97 C.F. Cox 1895- 1904 D. D. West 1895-09 M. B. Evans 8 E.C.Lewis 1897 1903 W.R. Bennett 1898. 1899, 1904 G.J.V.Rankin 1917 A.M. Barnard 1900-04 J. H. Jenks 1900-45, 1903-08 J. M. Payne 1904-08 M. V. Cassi 1904-06 C. Gough (ied) 1904-07 C. Shurlock 1900-16 H. Wilks 908-11 J.M. Payne (died) 1907-11 S, Chalkley 1908-10 G. W. Cook 1910-15 T. J. Norman PW. Ward rgrt-1g 8. Chalkley 1912-15 A.J. Rowberry 912-14 RS, Neumann (died) 1915-45 T.J.Norman 1915-20 F, W. Giles (ied) 1915-21 N. Colbeck r9t6-20 S.A. Knaggs 1916-25 H. J. Balls 1920-51 W. G. Mills 1920-27 C.J. Laker rga0-27 R. Cross 1923-25 W. H. Bamford 1925-45 H. W. H. Canham 1927-40 H. W. Bangert (Giea) 1936-44 HL. G. Hughes 1936-44 H.B. P. Owen 1941-47 HH, Balsey THE Preceptor 945-60 H.W. H. Canbam + 1961-72 C. S, Dodwell HLT, Gardner HLM. Sharp P-P. Williams G. Williams Lonpow Rure BR Thursday evenings at 6.15 Secretary: T. T. Fitch. This Lodge was formed same name, No. 1962, and fon’. It was in its early d although the majority of tt Ie first met at Clarence moved to Holborn Viaduct Ibe was elected to the ‘Em Sexnare of its pr estarting it met for a short Wize Horse in High Holbo i= Old Bailey. In its early Tieses and his friends whe Tiroazhout the period 192 temained for many years on = Connon Strect Station R 39 when it had again t sesemption after the war ir mmectings had been held fre Giceed Preceptor, it was n mmmnence was obtained at Bei om 15 May 1950 to pice was moved to thTHE RITUAL IN PRACTICE Precepor Committee of Secretary “Assistants 1945-60 H.W. H. Canham 1945-60 C, $.Dodwell 1945-59 R. E. Lyon 1945-54 W. Dormon 1o47-s1 W. Spalding 1951-64 W. E. Caleutt 1952-66 A. L. Gray 1961-72 C.S.Dodwell 1954-72 H.'T. Gardner 1959-68 R. Sehli 1960-68 R. A. Gale 1g HT, Gardner 1968-72 H.M. Sharp 1968 M. Innes w72- HM.Sharp 1969-2 P.P. Willams 1972- P.P. Williams 1971-72 G, Williams 1972- G. Willams 3. LONDON RiFLE BRIGADE meets at 24 Sun Street, London, on ‘Thursday evenings at 6.15, October to April. Preceptor: W. A. Palmer. Secretary: T. T. Fitch. This Lodge was formed in 1900, sanctioned by the regular Lodge of the same name, No. 1962, and from the first had an association with ‘Emula- tion’, It was in its early days essentially 2 general Lodge of Instruction although the majority of the members came from the sanctioning Lodge. Ie first met at Clarence Hotel, Aldersgate Street, but within a year ‘moved to Holborn Viaduct Hotel. J. H. Jenks was the first Preceptor until he was clected to the ‘Emulation? Committee in 1907. Festivals were a feature of its programme up to the 1914-18 war, during which, because of its military associations, it closed completely from 1915 t0 1920. On restarting it met for a short time at the Hotel Cecil, moving in rg2r to the White Horse in High Holborn. The Lodge moved again in 1925 to Pimms in Old Bailey. In its early years this Lodge had associations with Henry Times and his friends who were so closely identified with ‘Emulation’ ‘Throughout the period 1920-39 Preceptors when giving up responsibility remained for many years on the Committee of the Lodge. The Lodge met at Cannon Street Station Restaurant from 1933 to the outbreak of war in 1939 when it had again to suspend its activities. Difficulties arose on resumption after the war in finding a place to mect and, although a few meetings had been held from December 1945 when E. C. Hawkey was elected Preceptor, it was not until January 1947 that a degree of per= manence was obtained at the Bodega in Eastcheap. A Festival was held on 15 May 1950 to celebrate the Jubilee, and in 1951 the meet- ing place was moved to the present address—the Headquarters of the Regiment.242 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT DeputylAssinant Preceptor ‘Precepars Seeretary 1900-06 John H. Jenks 1906-12 D.D. West rgoo_L. V. Walker 1906 G. Follott’ 1907-15 H.D. Haslewood 1908-10 L. H. Dear 1908-15 AP. Crabb 1910-15 J. Kelly White 1915-20 Closed 1920-33 J. Kelly White 1g20-23 J. Adams and others 1923-30 J. Kelly White 1926-30 W. G. Hamilton 1923-35 P. Holford 1930-39 W. G, Hamilton 1930-32 C. Fisher Yates 1932-37 HCH. 1935-48 B. R. Hughes Monson 1937-39 E. C. Hawkey 1939-46 Closed 1946-64 E.C. Hawkey 1947-50 H. Bevan 1948-38 M. Billen 8 W. P. Swan M. Billen 59 W. A. Palmer TT. Fitch Elmes 1964-70 S. P, Hancock Fitch 1970-T.T. Fitch 196- W. A. Palmer 4. St. BRIDE meets at the Boston Arms, Taunton Place, London, on ‘Thursdays at 6.30 p.m., October to April. Preceptor: I. L. H. Kidd Secretary: W. S. Mieville P.A.G.Swd.B. This Lodge of Instruction first met on 4th January r902 and was formed specially to link with ‘Emulation’, so that, when formal ‘recognition’ came into being, St. Bride was among the originals. It was formed jointly by the St. Bride Lodge No. 2817 and Lancastrian Lodge No. 2528 and a large number of the seventy-six founders came from those Lodges. The Lodge met on Wednesday evenings at St. Bride Institute and for the first seven years a Festival was also held. Although the Lodge prospered, there were a great number of changes in the early years, culminating in a period of crisis in 1909. In that year the St. Bride Lodge saw fit to withdraw its sanction. After meeting at the Institute of Journalists and at Freemasons? Hall, the Lodge of Instruction moved a good way east to Mark Lane (although it stayed there two years, there were constant complaints that rats disturbed the Ceremonies!). Oliver Notcutt had given up as Secretary after nearly six years and there were then three Secretaries in two years, with some difficulty in finding someone to do that work. When John Roberts resigned as Preceptor in 1908, ‘Emulation’ were asked to help in finding a successor; L. H. Dear, whom they nominated, only held office until the end of 1909 and then caused some dissension by claiming the right to appoint his own successor! THE Lesser men might have the Hortus Lodge No. 241 (then called Schultz) prove died fifteen years later, an office for the next six ye Monday, premises in St. building operations cause months and considerable ¢ become Secretary in 1913 was found at Pimmn’s in Bi to meet until the 1939-45 more settled nature and a the Friday work at ‘Emul working Lecture sections i January 1939 to celebrate ‘outbreak of war in 1939 thy and A. Sharp, who both di made P.G.St.B. in 1939.) 1948 when the Lodge met changed again in 1951 to 19508 attendances began to figure since, although sufi Precepor 1902-08 John F. Roberts 2908-09 L. H. Dear 1910-24 F. C. Scott (Schultz) (died) 1g A. Sharp (died) 19 39 FP. Reynolds 19 48 meetings suspended 1968-67 F.J.Tomlins 19 19 9 9 6s-67 N. D. Ourty S.L. Thompson 19 LL. Kidd‘THE RITUAL IN PRACTICE 243 Lesser men might have given up, but with the help of David Ingamells the Hortus Lodge No. 2469 agreed to sanction the meetings, F. C. Scott (then called Schultz) proved a successful Preceptor and continued until he died fifteen years later, and R. A. Doble took over as Secretary and held office for the next six years. Although the day had to be changed to ‘Monday, premises in St. Swithin’s Lane were obtained and used until building operations caused another move in 1919-20. It took several ‘months and considerable exertions, particularly by H. V. Ashley who had become Secretary in 1915, before another reasonably permanent home was found at Pinn’s in Bishopsgate in January 1920 where it continued to meet until the 1939-45 war. The period between the wars was one of more settled nature and a number of its members figured prominently in the Friday work at ‘Emulation’, The Lodge made a regular practice of working Lecture sections in this period and a special Festival was held in January 1939 to celebrate the 1,000th meeting. Between 1910 and the ‘outbreak of war in 1939 there had only been three Preceptors, F. C. Scott and A. Sharp, who both died in office, and F. P. Reynolds. Reynolds was made P.G.Si.B. in 1939. Meetings were suspended in 1939 until January 1948 when the Lodge met at the Black Horse in Barbican; the venue was changed again in 1951 to the Cranbourne in St. Martin’s Lane, In the 1950s attendances began to decline and have regretfully remained at a low figure since, although sufficient to enable the work to be carried on. Deputy) Ascott Preceptor Preceptors Secretory 1902-08 John F, Roberts 1902 W, Hilton 1902-08 J. Oliver Notcutt 1908-09 L. H. Dear x08 A.V. Hunt 1609 RW. Knightley Goddard 1910-24 F. C. Soott 110-15 R.A. Doble (Schultz) (died) 918-2 H.F. Inman 3915-28 H. V. Ashley 1922-24 A. Sharp 1922-34 F.P. Reynolds 1924-34 A. Sharp (died) 1924-34 F. P. Reynolds 1934-39 FP. Reynolds 1934-39 A.R. Thomas 1934-48 H. F. Lee 1930-48 mectings suspended 1948-67 F. J. Tomlins r948-sr A. J. Samson 948-57 D. F. Money 1949-57 H. L. Howard 951-09 W. R. Bull 1938-62 D.F. Money 958-W. S. Mievlle 1965-67 N. D. Ouvry 1967-71 S.1. Thompson 1969-71 I. L. H, Kidd ii- LH Kidd244 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT THE 7. CHISEL meets at the Three Stags, Kennington, on Mondays at 6.15 8. STRONG MAN meet p.m. from September to April. Preceptor: A. A. Marchant, Z.G.R. fortnightly on a Friday at Secretary: F. H. Taylor. Snelling, L. W. Higgs. Se ‘This Lodge was formed and recognised in July 1906 when it was sanc~ The earliest record of a § tioned by Philanthic Lodge No. 3032, whose name it first bore. It held its some of the equipment oft meetings at Great Eastern Hotel, London, which was its home until the it has not had a continuou 1939-45 war. In 1908 application was made to the Lodge of Emulation can trace a chequered car No. at to work under its sanction; this being duly given, the Philanthic various London hostelries Lodge was released from any liability but the old name was kept. Harry The Lodge of Instructi Wilks, Deputy Preceptor at the formation was a P.M. of Philanthic Lodge Lodge No. 45, conjointly » and he remained a Preceptor until 1924 and after that continued to attend of Strong Man and Commis and act as Deputy. After the 1914-18 war the East Anglian Lodge No. ‘Emulation’ in July 1906 ¥ 2920 became associated and in 1925 the Board of General Purposes ‘Man Lodge, as Preceptor; directed the Lodge to change its name from Philanthic; it was then that 1939. He had joined ‘Emt the present name was adopted. The Lodge closed down in 1940 in conse- achieved a matchbox with a quence of war conditions but managed to re-open in May 1942. a roomat both to ‘Emulation’ and t the Baltic Exchange for a summer session, although it had to find new P.G.St.B.in 1928. G.H.K. Preceptors. By the beginning of 1945 it was able to resume normal meet was also a member at the ‘re ings. In 1970 another move had to be made, to the present meeting place, in the Strand until 1918, t which made a considerable difference to the Brethren who used the Lodge settling down in the middle when it met in the City, but it has survived this major upset. Te met there until the war, cc a closure of activities in 193¢ meet at the Queen's Head ¢ Deputy Asstt ‘wo other meeting places, th Precetor Preeptore Secretary Little Britain until 1963. Thu found which involved a chan 106-09 J.M. Payne 1906-09 Harry Wilks ir F ale: oe The Lodge has suffered fro 1923-34 J. Hackwood attendance, accentuated by t (Gied) Lodge on the new meeting 1 1924-37 C.F.Gabb 1930-37 H.W. Goldfinch (?)1924-H. G. Richards 8 ee ee Oe ES also changed in October 19; 1937-40 H.W. Goldfinch 1937-40 J. E. Ballance rogo-g2 did not meet 1940-63 S. W. Frecbora (Ged) Preceptor ro4a-s2 FP. Reynolds 1942-44 R. G. Dubery : (died) toga 32 FL, Edwards "996-39 8. W- Heaton o 1952-60 FL. Edwards 1932-65 CH, Watson ied) 190 1050-69 A.A. Marchant ror 160- A.A. Marchant 1960-62 T. 1. Foy 1063-70 A. G.D. 192, Wiliams 03! 1963-70 T.M. Norris 1970 FH, Taylor 1934 Beran ee 1630-46 didnot meet 1946-67 S.A. Thomas 194,THE RITUAL IN PRACTICE 245 8. STRONG MAN meets at The Devereux, in the Strand, London, fortnightly on a Friday at 6.30 p.m., October to May. Preceptors: D. H. Snelling, L. W. Higgs. Secretary: P. G. C. Dale. ‘The earliest record of a Strong Man Lodge of Instruction is in r797 and some of the equipment of the present Lodge dates from that time although it has not had a continuous existence from that date. The present Lodge can trace a chequered career since a ‘re-opening’ in 1850, meeting in various London hostelries until 1906. ‘The Lodge of Instruction was ‘revivified” in 1906 by Strong Man Lodge No. 45, conjointly with Cornish Lodge No. 2369, under the name of Strong Man and Cornish Lodge of Instruction, it was recognised by ‘Emulation’ in July 1906 with Simon Wood Heaton, a P.M. of Strong Man Lodge, as Preceptor; he remained in that office until his death in 1939. He had joined ‘Emulation’ in 1898 and between 1903 and 1906 achieved « matchbox with a complete record. He gave tremendous service both to ‘Emulation’ and to this Lodge of Instruction; he was made P.G.St.B.in 1928. G. H. Kitchen who was a Deputy Preceptor until 1932 was also a member at the ‘revivifying’. After meeting at Carr's Restaurant in the Strand until 1918, the Lodge met in three different places until settling down in the middle 1920s at the Queen’s Head in Theobalds Road. Temet there until the war, coupled with the death of the Preceptor, caused a closure of activities in 1939. On re-opening in 1946 it was not possible to meet at the Queen’s Head although the furniture remained there. After two other meeting places, the Lodge met from 1950 at the White Horse in Little Britain until 1963. There was a short gap until the present venue was found which involved a change of meeting night from Thursday to Friday The Lodge has suffered from the same difficulties as many others over attendance, accentuated by the inability of Cornish Lodge to support the Lodge on the new meeting night, in consequence of which the name was also changed in October 1971. Deputy) Asiaant Preceptor Preceptors Secretary 1906-39 S.W. Heaton 1906-08 R. F. Price 1906 LT. Hore (ied) 1908-17 F. E, Grose 1909 _W. Wonnacott 1917-32 G.H. Kitchen 1922-39 T. Patterson 1923-35 J. H. Earls 1935-39 J. F. Brown 1935-39 S. A. Thomas 1939-46 did not meet 1946-67 S. A. Thomas246 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT Deputy| Assistant Preceptor Preceptort Secretary 1956-59 CC. Ward 1956-59 F. D. Lock 1959-61 J. W. Martin 1961-64 L. J. Harling 1961-67 C. D. Hart (died) 1965-67 D. H, Snelling 1965-69 C. A. Dyer 1967- DH, Snelling 1970- LW. Higgs 196-71 G. L. Vincent ig PGC Dale 9. H1rast meets at Freemasons’ Hall, London, fortnightly on Mondays at 6 p.m., October to May. Preceptor: A. W. R. Kendrick, P.A.G.Supt. Ws. Secretary: 8. Turner. A Lodge of Instruction called Junior Engineers (under Lodge No. 2913) was formed and recognised in 1906 with H. C. Dodson and F. O'Connor Slingo as Preceptors. In December 1907 a Lodge of Instruc- tion under the sanction of Hiram Lodge No. 2416, and which had been formed in 1903, sought recognition, but instead, in November 1908 amalgamated with Junior Engineers to become Hiram and Junior Engineers Lodge of Instruction with Dodson still as Preceptor, but with W. Wonnacott as his deputy. The Lodge met at Mark Masons Hall, and continued to meet there until the 1939 war. In 1912 there was another change of name to Hiram and Crouch End, shortened after the 1914-18 war to the present name, The 1939-45 war caused interruptions to meet ings from 1940 until the Autumn of 1947. Preceptor Deputy| sistent Secretary Preceptors 1906 H.C.Dodson 1906-8 F. O'Connor ‘Slingo 1908-20 H.C. Dodson 1go8-12 W. Wonnacott 11 F.W. Petch g21-s1 W. Hoe 1ga1-35 Gordon P.G. 1922-27 S. A. Barns Hills 1935-40 F. Morfee Walsh 1527-33 H. J. West 1940-47 did not meet 1933-39 E. 8. Mes 1g47-st A. W.R, 1939-51 HL J. Stewart ‘Kendrick igs AW. 1951-53 H.A. Vickers 1gsi-53 RH. Blacklock Kendrick 1953- George Smith HL. A. Vickers 1969- B.S. Archer THE 10. POLYTECHNIC mee p.m. September to April F. W. Batler. This Lodge of Instructic recognition in December acceptable Preceptor could R. F. Price who took office tant, Price resigned in 19 At this time, the Lodge of J.E.K. Studd again asked order to provide a reliable time and it was not until N He served for twelve year: made P.G.St.B. in 1933, ¢ continued to meet during t April to September, and ex meeting in January 1945. / celebrate the jubilee Preceptor 1908-11 R. F, Price 9 1912-24 FA. Edgington 19 1924-49 H.W. Bangert 19 (ied) 19 1940-65 H.S. Weller 1g (Gicd) 19 19 1965- ALE. Waight 191THE RITUAL IN PRACTICE 247 To, POLYTECHNIC meets at 309, Regent Street, on Thursdays at 7 pam., September to April. Preceptor A. E. Waight, L.G.R. Secretary: W. Butler. ‘his Lodge of Instruction was formed in 1903 and made application for recognition in December 1907 but the matter was deferred until an acceptable Preceptor could be found. ‘Emulation’ ultimately recommended R. F. Price who took office in April 1908 with W. Wonnacott as his assis- tant, Price resigned in ror and Wonnacott was not prepared to take over. At this time, the Lodge of Instruction did not attract many members but J. E. K. Studd again asked ‘Emulation’ to find a replacement for Price in ‘order to provide a reliable ‘Emulation’ teaching service. This took more time and it was not until November 1912 that F. A. Edginton took office. He served for twelve years and his successor, H. W. Bangert, who was made P.G.St.B. in 1933, continued until his death in 1940. The Lodge continued to meet during the 1939-45 war, but as a summer session from April to September, and even managed a special occasion for the 1,000th ‘meeting in January 1945. A further special occasion was held in 1953 to celebrate the jubilee. Deputy/Assistont Preceptor Preceptors Secretary 1908-11 R. F. Price W. Wonnacott 1910-H. Rutherford 1912-24 F. A. Edgington 1924-40 H.W. Bangert 1924-36 G.E. Stanger 1924-27 F. W. Parker (ies) (died) 1927-29 Wyndham Edwards G. A. Brathy 1936-40 H. G.H. Gyton 1037-40 E, J. Russell 1940-65 H.S. Weller 1940-63 E. J. Russell 1940-52 G. W. Nullis (Ged) (died) 1955-63 G. C. Mansfield 1953-61 C. E. Collyer 1963-65 AE. Waight 1961-65 H. G. Pitts 1965- ALE. Waight —1965- FC. Luna 1965-68 . W. Blackwell 1968-71 G. W. Jackson ior FW. Butler248 EMULATION LODGE OF IMPROVEMENT 11, TrLEPHONE & HAMpsi1Re meets at White Horse, Little Britain, ‘on Wednesdays at 6.15 p.m., September to April. Preceptor: H. Rollins, LGR. Secretary: R. Walker. ‘The Lodge of Instruction sanctioned by the Telephone Lodge No. 3301, then meeting at Mansion House Station Restaurant on Tuesdays in the winter, was recognised in November 1910 with E. W. Wainwright as Preceptor and P. P, Kipping to assist him. When Wainwright sought to resign, during the x9r4-18 war, Kipping was content to remain as assis tant and asked ‘Emulation’ to recommend a new Preceptor. C. Newell agreed to act and remained fifteen years. When Mansion House Station Restaurant ceased Masonic activities in 1933, the meeting place was moved a short distance to Cannon Street Station Restaurant, where it continued until the 1939-45 war. Meetings were interrupted in the 1939- 40 session, a few being held between March and May r940. Some meet- ings were held in the Café Royal in 1941 to 1943, including a muted celebration of the 1,000th meeting in November 1941. Meetings were resumed carly in 1946 at Sion College and another change of venue was not mecessary until 1963 when meetings were held at Hoptons Alms Houses, Southwark, while in 1970 move to the present meeting place was made Deputy| Assistant Preceptor Preceptort Secretary 1910-17 E. W. Wainwright 1910-20 P. P. Kipping 1918-32 Charles Newell 1925-32 F. W. Hibberd S58 FW, Hibbert gs V. HE Webber 195236 Vr, Stet 1934-43 M.F.G. 1936-47 A. B, Parker Boddington 1947-85 A.B. Parker 1947-58 C. O. Bailey 1935-38 C. Pardoe 1938 change to Telephone & Hampshire 1938-68 C. Pardoe 1938-62 E, Terver 1958-60 C. O. Bailey 902-68 H. Rollins 1960-65 G. W. Cheese 1963-70 $. R. Smith 1963- A.A. Coomber 1965-70 TA. Every 1968-H. Rollins 1968 J. Le Cunnington 1968-71 F. Wilding rg7o-_R, Walker THE 14. Rovat ATHELSTAY at 6 p.m. on Mondays, tary: E. J . The Royal Athelstan Lo Instruction which led to t have continued to support tioned in the early 18208 t Another was formed in the ‘months and this was the ¢ continuous existence ever Quarterly Review shows it n ‘Bro. Dowley, etc.’ in char and other Athelstan mem’ 18405—S. B. Wilson, Willi most of this time was the notice shows that he was int 1831 and continued the ‘Lec that the Lodge of Instructie at least until the 18608 ane until 1859 when the Board 0 Instruction to be omitted. V the death of Aarons, but Tnstruction drifted from cx although some members oct shire Grey in Bloomsbury i 1877. In 1898 it was at the Green as Preceptor.: From 1 in the next ten years. In 190: C. A, Callebrune Secretary for most ofthe tir decline and by the end of Athelstan Lodge was at this Instruction and on finding several interested Brethren meeting was changed to M time the Lodge of Instructi the sanction had never bet 7A great dea ofthe information of Freemasons No. rp; Historical St. R