Q, Principle of Co-Determination

A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, CLOSED SHOP
A, Only union members can be hired by the company and they must remain as union
members to retain employment in the company
An agreement which would compel employees to become union workers as a
condition of continued employment

Q, Compulsory closed-shop provision in the CBA NOT CONTRARY to the constitutional

guarantee of freedom of association
A, Disaffiliation from a labor union is not open to legal objection since to do so would
render nugatory the right of all employees to self – organization and to form, join or assist
labor organizations of their own choosing.
But a closed shop is a valid form of union security, and such provision in a CBA is
not a restriction on the right. Thus, although one is entitled to disaffiliation from their union
to form a new organization of their own, must, however, suffer the consequences of their
separation from the union under the security clause of the CBA. (Villar v. Inciong, G.R. No.
L50283-84, 1983; NAFLU v. Hamilton Distillery Co., et. al., G.R. No. L-18112, 1962)

Q, Importance of Labor Organizations

A,

Q, Distinguish company union from union shop

A,
any labor organization whose formation, function Nonmembers may be hired, but to retain
or administration has been assisted by any act employment must become union members after a
defined as unfair labor practice by this Code. certain period. The requirement applies to present
and future employees.
Prohibited by law It is State policy to promote unionism to enable
workers to negotiate with management on an even
playing field and with more persuasiveness than if
they were to individually and separately bargain
with the employer.
For this reason, the law has allowed stipulations
for "union shop" and "closed shop" as means of
encouraging workers to join and support the union
of their choice in the protection of their rights and
interests visa-vis the employer

Q, Distinguish lock-out and closed shop

A,

Q, Managerial, supervisory, rank-and file

A,
Managerial supervisory rank-and file

Cannot unionize Can unionize PROVIDED there

is no co-mingling of rank-and
file employees and supervisors
in one bargaining unit
The rationale for this inhibition
has been stated to be, because if
these managerial employees
would belong to or be affiliated
with a Union, the latter might
not be assured of their loyalty to
the Union in view of eviden
tconflict of interests. The Union
can also become company-
dominated with the presence of
managerial employees in Union
membership."
Article 245 does not absolutely
disqualify managerial
employees from exercising their
right of association. What it
prohibits is merely the right to
join labor organizations.
Managerial employees may
form associations or
organizations so long as they are
not labor organizations

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)
Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)

Q, Principle of Co-Determination
A, Refers to the right of workers to participate in the policy and decision making
processes directly affecting their rights and benefits, without intruding into matters pertaining
to management prerogative. (PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85985, 1993)