Fundamentals of Computers

Test Yourself
A. Tick (/) the correct answer and fill in the blank.
1. an input 2. Byte
3. Braille embosser 4. 3D printer
5. Gigabytes
B. Write T for true or F for false.
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F
C. Match the following.
1.
(d) Output device
D. Fill in the blanks using the given words.
1. Physical 2. Bits
3. Software, Hardware 4. CPU
E. Give two examples of each of the following.
1. Scanner, Microphone 2. Plotter, Speakers
3. Blu-ray disc, CD
5. Microsoft Word, Paint 4. Monitor, Keyboard
F. Answer in short.
1. There are 1024 × 1024 bytes in one Megabyte.
2. Biometric is the measuring of unique attributes of a human such as DNA matching,
fingerprints identification, face shapes comparisons, etc. Biometric sensors accept data such as
fingerprints, face shape or voice of the user as input. The data is then matched with the data
already stored in the memory of the computer.
3. The devices with the help of which we enter data into computer are called input devices. For
example,
keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick, microphone, etc.
Click to Learn–6 Fundamentals of Computers 1

Chapter 1
(a) Processing device
2.
(b) Input device
3.
(c) Storage device
4.
The devices with the help of which we get the information from computer are called output devices.
For example, monitor, printer, speakers, projector, etc.
 4. A computer simulation is a computer program that attempts to simulate an abstract model of a particular
system
.

G. Answer in details.

1. A computer system consists of two parts — hardware and software.

Hardware consists of the physical parts such as keyboard, monitor, hard disk, printer, motherboard,
etc.

Software is a set of instructions that tell the computer about the tasks to be performed and how these
tasks are to be performed.

2. Some of the main characteristics of computers are:

High Speed

Computers are very fast.

They are capable of performing large calculations very

quickly.

Their working speed is in microsecond, nanosecond and picosecond.

Accuracy

Computers are very accurate.

They perform all jobs

error-free.

Storage
Capability

Computers have much more storage capacity than human

beings.

They can store any type of data such as images, videos, text or audio.

They can retain the stored data for long periods of time.

Diligenc
e
 Unlike human beings, computers are free from tiredness and lack of
concentration.

They can do repeated work with same speed and accuracy.

Versatility

Computers are very versatile machines and can multi-task.

It means they can solve a complex scientific problem and play a game
simultaneously.

Reduction in Paper
Work

The use of computers leads to reduction in paper work and speeds up the
process.

(Write any
four)

3. We can see the size of our hard disk by right-clicking on its icon and selecting Properties from the
shortcut
menu.

Click to Learn–6 Fundamentals of Computers 2

4. (a) OCR is a type of scanner which scans handwritten or printed text on paper and converts it
into
actual text which can be edited using a word processor.
(b) Smart card reader: A smart card contains a small processor that holds certain information
like PIN number, account number, etc. Smart card readers are special machines where these
cards are put in. The information contained in them is read and verified with that already stored
inside the computer system. They are basically an extension of ATMs (Automated Teller
Machines). They are commonly used in banking.
(c) 3D printer : A 3D Printer is a computer-aided manufacturing device that creates
three-dimensional objects from a digital file. Artificial human limbs, produced by 3D printers,
have been successfully implanted through surgery.
5. (a) Banks–Computers are used at banks to create and maintain the accounts of customers.
Computersied
ATM machines are making it even easier for customers to deal with banks.
(b) Heathcare–Computers help doctors to diagnose complicated diseases with more accuracy.
These are also used in maintaining the medical history of the patients for the better treatment.
ECG, Ultrasound, CT scans, etc., are also done by computerised machines.
(c) Education–Computers are effectively used as teaching aids in classrooms. Nowadays with the
increasing use of Internet, students can undergo online courses while sitting at their homes. They
can attend the online lectures and can speak to their teachers to get response to their queries. This
virtual classroom is the future of education.
(d) Entertainment–We can play computer based animated games, listen to music and watch
movies on the computers. Computer are also used for making animated movies like Ice Age, Rio,
The Lion King, Ratatouille, etc.
Fun Time
Click to Learn–6 Fundamentals of Computers 3
Input devices
_______________________
Headphones
_______________________
Smartcard reader _______________________
Graphic tablet
_______________________
MICR _______________________
Barcode reader
Output devices
_______________________ plotter
_______________________ 3D printer _______________________
_______________________
_______________________